JPS59223484A - Display - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a computer-aided design (CAD) device, and particularly to a display device that can be easily constructed at a low cost using a personal computer.

[Prior art] Computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
) equipment is used in the aircraft and automotive industry for designing and manufacturing aerodynamic and mechanical elements. A typical CAD or CAM device consists of a main computer, a mass storage device including tape devices, rigid disk devices, and disk pack devices, and a high-resolution all-point addressable (
A P A) A cathode ray tube (CRT) display with a random memory card of sufficient capacity to store graphical application programs and address each pixel of the high-resolution display.
It includes access memory (RAM) and input/output (Ilo) devices such as digitizers with cursors and plotters. These CAD and CAM devices are very expensive, but since designing and manufacturing an aircraft or new car model requires a large investment, the use of CAD or CAM devices is considered reasonable. It is being

Over the past decade, the cost of CAD equipment has decreased significantly as computers and storage devices have become cheaper to manufacture. As a result, CAD devices have come to be used for new purposes such as architectural design and layout of photoresist patterns for integrated circuits.

Nevertheless, CAD equipment is still expensive and limited to appropriate tasks.

Meanwhile, during the past decade, microprocessor-based personal computers have been developed. A typical personal computer has a system board containing a microprocessor, a basic input/output unit (BIO8) that controls the microprocessor, encoded read-only memory (RO8), and a limited storage capacity. RAM
and a number of adapters for interfacing with various input/output devices. The input/output device is a keyboard.

Included are medium or high resolution CRT displays, one or more floppy disk drives, and printers such as dot matrix printers. Although personal computers are small and compact, they are capable of performing fairly complex applications. Personal computers are particularly suited for accounting, database management, and business analysis. Recently, a number of applications have been developed that include a large number of graphical supports. These applications include:
To receive input or calculated numerical data and generate line graphs, bar graphs, and circular graphs that are easier to understand than raw numerical data. Printing of these graphical displays is based on APA Display R.
This is done by reading the data in the AM and applying it to a dot 7 trix printer or an inexpensive pen plotter that has graphic recording capabilities. The latter can create transparency used in overhead projectors.

Demand for graphics application work, not just business graphs, is quite high. For example, schematic diagrams, flowcharts, plan views, and similar graphical representations are highly preferred for producing technical manuals, advertising layouts, and the like.

When creating various drawings, it is convenient to be able to easily erase erroneous portions, etc.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] An object of the present invention is to provide a display device in which it is easy to move an erasure area on a display screen.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention provides an interactive display device having an all-point addressable display screen and cursor positioning means for moving a cursor on the display screen. By displaying it as a cursor, it is possible to easily move the erasing contour.

[Embodiment] For a better understanding of the present invention, a typical personal computer will first be described with reference to FIG. The system board 1o includes a microprocessor 12, for example an 8088, and a read-only memory (RO8) 14, for example a
B random access memory (RAM) 16, and input/output channels 18. Channel 18 has multiple input/output expansion slots 2 for the installation of various options.
has 0. Power supply 22 provides power to system board 10 as well as installed options. System board 10 further includes a crystal oscillator, clock and control circuit 24. It also includes a keyboard connection mechanism 26 to which a keyboard 28 is attached. The system board 10 may also include, for example, a cassette connection mechanism 30 and a speaker connection mechanism 32 that are connected to a cassette recorder 34 and a speaker 36, respectively. The expansion slot 2o is configured to receive signals from any of the various adapter printed circuits as shown in FIG. More specifically, a diskette drive adapter 38 can be connected to one of the slots 20. This adapter 38 is necessary to support one or more diskette drives 40 and 42. A color/graphics monitor adapter 44 can also be connected to one of the slots 2°, allowing the home color television 41
, an RGB monitor 43, and a pen 45. A parallel printer adapter 46 may also be connected to another one of the slots 20 to support, for example, a dot matrix printer 48. A game control adapter 50 can also be connected to the remaining one of slots 20 and supports one or more joy sticks 52 and 54.

Although only the above-mentioned adapter is shown in the figure, it is of course possible to connect other adapters.

The color/graphics adapter 44 has two basic operating modes: alphanumeric (A/N) mode and APA mode. In both modes, the A/N character is defined to fit into a character box and is formed by an RO8 character generator that stores dot patterns for standard ASCII characters. FIG. 3 shows the configuration of the adapter 44. Adapter 44 includes a display buffer 56 of, for example, 16 byte capacity, and a display buffer 56 of, for example, Motorola 684
5 IC. Controller 58 provides the necessary interface to drive the rask scan CRT. Display buffer 56 is addressed by CPU and controller 58 via address latches 60 and 62. Data read from display buffer 56 is provided to data latches 64 and 66. Data latches 64 and 66 provide outputs to a graphical serializer 68, a character generator 70 including character generator RO8, and an alphanumeric character serializer 72. The outputs of serializers 68 and 72 are output to color encoder 7.
4. Color encoder 74 either directly drives an RGB monitor or provides output to a composite color generator 76. A composite color generator 76 drives the home color television. The color encoder 74 is
It also receives the output of a palette/overscan circuit 78 which provides luminance information. Composite color generator 76 receives horizontal and vertical synchronization signals from CRT controller 58 and timing control signals from timing generation control circuit 80. The timing generation control circuit 8° also includes a CRT
Control device 58 and display device separate '1 fa 56
2 to prevent the CPU and CRT controller 58 from accessing the display buffer 56 at the same time.

FIG. 4 shows a specific example of the configuration of the game control device f50.

Adapter 50 includes an instruction decoder 80 consisting of, for example, a 74L8138 IC. Data buses D7-DO are connected to a buffer/driver 82 comprising, for example, a 74LS244. Digital input to this buffer/driver 82 is provided by a trigger button on joy stick 52 or 54. Each coordinate position of the joy stick is indicated by a potentiometer and converted to a digital pulse by a resistive pulse converter 84. The typical frequency of the pulses is 833Hz.

This conversion is accomplished by providing a one-shot circuit for each potentiometer and causing the potentiometer to change the time constant of the one-shot circuit connected to it. The one-shot circuit is activated by the select output from decoder 8o and provides a pulse output to buffer/driver 82.

Although the present invention will now be described in detail in the case of positioning a cursor symbol on a display screen using a joystick, it is possible to use an input device with cursor keys on a keyboard without departing from the scope of the invention. Of course, you can use However, cursor keys are slow and it is preferred to use a joy stick or similar type of input device. In addition to joy sticks, 'mouses' can be used as well. These devices have a ball at the bottom of the control device, which is about the size of a palm, and the ball is moved over a flat surface to control the cursor position. It is something that rolls.

Typically, the ball operates a potentiometer in much the same manner as a joy stick. Therefore, Joy
References to a stick may apply to a "mouse" or other similar input device.

The cursor on the CRT display is replaced with a graphic symbol or alphanumeric character string and moved by a joy stick or other similar device. When the graphic symbol or alphanumeric character is at the desired position on the display, when the operator presses the joystick trigger button, the current cursor position and symbol or character data are read and the character or symbol data is displayed. Writing to device buffer 56 fixes the graphic symbol or alphanumeric character S1-Ring in its position. A new graphical symbol or alphanumeric character string can then be selected as the cursor symbol and the process is turned around so that a schematic diagram, flowchart, or similar graphical display can be created. A previously positioned graphic character or alphanumeric character string can be erased in whole or in part by actuation of a box cursor and a joystick trigger button. This not only allows for error correction, but also allows for the generation of corrective symbols, giving greater flexibility to the predetermined symbol table. Furthermore, the selected cursing symbol remains in place even after the graphic symbol or alphanumeric character is positioned on the display screen, so that when moved with respect to the display screen, the display data of all matching pixels At any time, an exclusive OR is taken to highlight and clear the cursor symbol from the symbol after the display screen was previously placed in the various positions. Thus, graphic symbols or alphanumeric characters can be positioned completely interactively at any addressable point on the display screen. Since the screen information is stored in the APA display buffer, the screen display content can be printed in the usual manner to obtain a hard copy output, which facilitates the production of technical instructions, manuals, etc.

This embodiment uses graphic symbols as cursor symbols. Therefore, one or more preferably more symbol tables are provided. For example, one table is for electrical symbols, another table is for architectural symbols, and yet another table is for industrial professionals. Each symbol in each table is designated by a number such that the code for the symbol includes not only the table to which the symbol belongs, but also the number of the symbol within the table. To select a cursor symbol, the symbol table must first be loaded into RAM. This process is illustrated in the flow diagram of FIG.

When the operator requests a new symbol table, the operator is first prompted to enter the name of the symbol table, as indicated by block 86. The name entered by the operator is checked to determine whether it is a valid name, ie, whether it exists in the current table library. This is done at decision block 88. If the name is not a valid name, an error message is displayed to the operator at block 90. This prompts the operator to input the desired symbol table name again.

When a valid name is entered by the operator.

As shown in block 92, the old cursor symbol is exclusive-ORed with itself to remove the symbol from the display screen. A new symbol table is then loaded into RAM at block 94 and block 96
The first graphic symbol is exclusive-ORed with the current cursor symbol.

The first graphic symbol is displayed as a cursor symbol.

In other words, the first graphical symbol is the default cursor symbol (the cursor symbol that occurs when no special instruction is given by the operator).

When the default cursor symbol is not the symbol required by the operator, a selected symbol table is preferably displayed to enable selection of the desired symbol. This process is shown in FIG.

When an operator requests to display a symbol table.

As shown at block 98, the title of the currently selected symbol table is first displayed. The title is always displayed no matter how the display field changes during this process. In other words, when a symbol table is too long to display on a single screen, the operator must scroll the display to see all the symbols in the table. The tiles placed on the screen by block 98 remain while the display field is scrolled. Once the table title is displayed, the numbers of the various graphical symbols are then displayed, as shown in block 100, followed by the numbers adjacent to the corresponding numbers, as shown in block 102. The actual graphic symbol will be displayed. Decision block 10
4.F3, F as shown in 106 and 108
Three function keys, designated as 2 and Fl, are monitored to detect whether they have been operated by the operator. For example, when key F3 is pressed, the graphics screen is redrawn, as indicated by block 110. When this is done, a display of the graphical screen that the operator has generated at this point occurs. key F2
When is pressed, the symbol table is scrolled down a predetermined amount, as indicated by block 112. key F
When 1 is pressed, the symbol table is scrolled up a predetermined amount, as indicated by block 114. In other words, function keys F3, F2 and Fl provide the operator with control of the display screen after the symbol table has been displayed. That is, key F3 allows the operator to complete operations on the display, and keys F1 and F2 allow the operator to scroll the display.

There is no need to display the symbol table every time it is necessary to change the cursor symbol. Since the operator knows the number of symbols needed to generate a graphical display, he can print a copy of the symbol table for reference. In any case, the fourth
Once the symbol table is loaded according to the illustrated process, the first symbol in the table is displayed as the default cursor symbol and the operator can make changes to the cursor symbol. This is done by selecting new symbols according to the technique shown in FIG.

The operator selects the cursor symbol by number in the currently loaded table. The first thing to do when a cursor symbol selection is made is to retrieve the table entry, as shown at block 116. The entry is then checked for validity, as shown in block 118. The various cursor symbol tables are not necessarily of the same size, and symbol numbers that are valid for one table are not necessarily valid for another table. If the operator enters an invalid symbol number, an error message is displayed as shown at block 120 and the operator is returned to the selection menu. Once a valid symbol number is selected, the old cursor symbol is removed from the screen by exclusive-oring the symbol with itself, as shown in block 122.

The table entry is then used to determine the offset to the symbol table, as shown in block 124. This provides access to the symbol code required by the character generator, as shown at block 126. Then, at block 128, a new cursor symbol is displayed that is the XOR of the background data and the symbol on the screen.

This latter process is the basis for distinguishing the current cursor symbol from other graphic symbols already placed in the graphics display. The cursor according to the present invention is not a general cursor mark, but is fixed in response to a command to move like a cursor to a desired position on the display screen, so You may lose track of where the cursor is.

This inconvenience can be partially avoided by making the cursor symbol a flash symbol as usual, but in addition, the current cursor symbol can be XORed with the background display to determine where the cursor symbol is on the screen. Even if there is, the cursor symbol is made to stand out from other graphic data already placed on the screen. This technique is illustrated in FIG. At block 170, the current X, Y position indicated by the joy stick and cursor symbol data are input and exclusive-ORed. Then, in blocks 132 and 134,
and the Y position is temporarily X. Stored as LD and Y OLD. The current X and Y coordinates are obtained from joystick or cursor key input at block 136. Then, at block 138, X,,8
, YOLD are XORed with the cursor symbol data, and at block 140, the current X,Y position is XORed with the cursor symbol data. This causes the cursor symbol to be removed from the display screen and redisplayed at its new location. This process is then repeated.

As well as several symbol tables from which the operator can select various cursor symbols, lines can be drawn between positioned symbols by indicating the coordinates of the end point position of the line in a general manner. Additionally, many graphical displays use circles and arcs.

Not only is a table of circles prepared, but processing is also provided to display circles of arbitrary radius. This process is illustrated in FIG. First, the operator presses function key F5 to indicate that it is necessary to draw a circle. This will cause a generic cursor symbol to appear on the screen, indicating the center of the circle. The operator then uses the joystick to position this center on the screen. Then, as shown in block 142, Joy
By pressing the trigger button on the stick, the center of the circle is fixed. Once this is done, the coordinates of the center are obtained, as shown at block 144. and,
As shown at block 146, a 5 unit circle is drawn. This is the smallest diameter of the displayed circles.

The trigger button is then monitored, as shown at decision block 147. When the button is pressed, the circle is enlarged by one unit, as shown at block 148. In this way, the dimensions of the operator circle can be increased,
Once the required dimensions are reached, the operator releases the trigger button.

As mentioned above, cursor symbols can be alphanumeric strings as well as graphic characters.

The operator can enter alphanumeric mode by making the appropriate menu selection. −
This process is shown in FIG. The number of alphanumeric characters entered is calculated. Therefore, at block 150, a counter is set to one. At block 152, the operator is prompted to enter the text 1 through from the keyboard. As each character is pressed, the character corresponding to the operator's input is displayed on the screen, as shown in block 154. If at decision block 156 it is detected that the "Enter" key has not been pressed, then at block 158 the contents of the counter are incremented by one. It is then determined at decision block 160 whether the maximum allowable number of characters has been reached. In the illustrated example, the maximum allowable number of characters is 60, but it goes without saying that any number can be designed. The above process continues until the operator operates the "Enter" key or the number of input characters reaches the maximum allowed number of characters. When the "Enter" key is operated or the number of input characters reaches the maximum allowed number of characters, block 162 As shown in Figure 1, all characters keyed by the operator are loaded into a buffer, which is treated as cursor symbol data that can be placed anywhere on the display screen by using the joystick. As shown in block 164, the alphanumeric string is continuously XORed on the screen as the current cursor until the trigger button is pressed.In other words, when the operator selects the When selecting text mode, the operator first operates the key corresponding to the desired text, then presses the "Enter" key, and then moves the alphanumeric string as the current cursor symbol around the screen.Text - When the string is in the desired position, the joystick trigger button is pressed, fixing the alphanumeric string in the display data field.

Erasure means are required to correct errors and modify the standard symbols. Erase mode is entered by making the appropriate selection from the menu. When entering this mode, the cursor symbol changes to a rectangular box of predetermined dimensions. This process is illustrated in FIG.

After menu selection, the current X,Y position of the "erase" rectangle is obtained, as shown at block 166. At decision block 168, the joy stick trigger button is monitored to determine if it has been pressed. If the trigger button is not pressed, the position of the "erase" rectangle is checked while the operator moves the "erase" rectangle around the display screen. Once the "erase" rectangle is located on the area of the display screen that requires erasure, the operator presses the 1-Rig button. This causes all display data in the "erase 1" rectangle stored in the display buffer 56 to be set to "0", as shown in block 170, and that area of the display screen is blanked. Ru.

Also, by pressing the trigger button and moving the "erase" rectangle with the joystick, all display data in the display device buffer 56 included in the movement path of the "erase" rectangle is set to "0". By processing like dekirini,
Graphical data can be easily and accurately removed from the display screen.

According to the embodiments described above, graphical displays can be performed using circles, lines, and alphanumeric strings in addition to graphical symbols such as electrical circuit symbols and symbols indicating mechanical elements. Each symbol is selected from the symbol table and placed in the desired position on the display screen using the joy stick and trigger button. A menu may also be displayed at the bottom of the display screen to allow the operator to select an operating mode.

[Effects of the Invention] Since the present invention displays the erasing outline as a cursor, the erasing outline can be easily moved and editing on the display screen can be simplified.

4. Brief explanation of the drawing
, 1. Figure 1 is a flow diagram showing a technique for erasing data previously entered and displayed on the screen. Figure 2 is a block diagram showing a typical personal computer. Figure 3 is a color/graphic diagram. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a monitor adapter.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a game control adapter that provides joystick input to the personal computer shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a technique for loading a cursor symbol table.

FIG. 6 is a flow diagram illustrating a technique for displaying a loaded cursor symbol table; FIG. 7 is a flow diagram illustrating a technique for selecting a new cursor symbol for a loaded optical symbol table; FIG. Figure 9 is a flow diagram showing a method for highlighting the current cursor symbol for other graphical symbols to be displayed on the screen; Figure 9 is a flow diagram showing a method for generating a circle of arbitrary radius at a desired position on the display screen; The line diagram, Figure 10, is displayed on the display device.
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating a technique for inputting and locating the /N string.

16...Random access memory, 56...
-Display device buffer, 58...CRT control device.

Applicant: International Business Machines Corporation Representative Patent Attorney: Jinro Yamamoto (1 other person) Presentation 3N No. 41

Claims (1)

Claims: An interactive display having an all-point addressable display screen and cursor positioning means for moving a cursor on said display screen for displaying alphanumeric characters and graphical characters at addressable points on said display screen. In the apparatus, means for displaying an erasing outline as a cursor on the display screen; and means for positioning the cursor to erase all display data within the outline when the erasing outline is at a desired position on the display screen. A display device comprising: erasing means provided in association with the device;