JPS59222862A - Developing method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain an always stable high quality image by using a nonmagnetic toner contg. a specified fine silica powder treated with a specified silane coupling agent and feeding it in a thin layer in a specified gap formed between a toner carrying body and an electrostatic image bearing body. CONSTITUTION:A fine silica powder, such as ''Aerosil 130'', etc., made by Nippon Aerosil KK, produced by vapor phase oxidation of silicon halide is treated and stabilized with a silane coupling agent represented by formula I (R is alkoxy or Cl; m is 1-3; Y is an N-contg. unsatd. heterocyclic compd. or its deriv.; and n is 3-1.), such as one represented by formula II, is added to an insulating nonmagnetic toner to attach the fine silica powder to the surface of each toner particle. This toner thickness is maintained smaller than the distance between an electrostatic image bearing body 1 and a toner carrying body 2 in a developing region and AC and DC bias voltage are impressed between the body 1 and body 2 from a power supply 6 to develop the electrostatic latent image. As a result, a high quality image is obtained throughout the range of low temp. and low humidity to high temp. and high humidity.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for developing an electrostatic image formed on the surface of an electrostatic image carrier, and particularly a method for developing an electrostatic image formed by forming a thin and uniform layer of insulating non-magnetic toner on a toner carrier. It's about how to do it.

Various developing methods are known for visualizing electrostatic latent images using toner, and they can be broadly classified into dry developing methods and wet developing methods. The former method is further divided into a method using a two-component developer and a method using a -component developer. There are various methods that belong to the two-component development method, but all of them are excellent methods that can obtain good images relatively stably. They have common drawbacks associated with two-component developers.

The method of using a one-component developer consisting of toner only avoids the disadvantages associated with the method of using a more two-component developer described above, and includes - a development method using a component magnetic toner and - a method of development using a component non-component. There is a developing method using magnetic toner. Among these, the development method using -component magnetic toner contains a large amount of magnetic powder in the magnetic toner particles, so it is not expensive compared to non-magnetic toner, and it produces beautiful colors. Colorization was difficult.

The present invention relates to a developing method using a -component insulating non-magnetic toner rather than a one-component magnetic toner which has the drawbacks mentioned above.

Conventionally, the following methods are known as developing methods using component-based nonmagnetic toners.

a movable toner carrier carrying and conveying toner and supplying the toner to the latent image carrier; a toner replenishing means; and a movable application means receiving toner from the toner replenishing means and applying the toner to the movable toner carrier. , a movable applicator having a fiber brush carrying toner on its surface, which contacts the movable toner carrier and moves in the same direction as the movable toner carrier and at a higher speed than the movable toner carrier at this contact portion; a developing method comprising means for uniformly applying toner to the surface of the movable toner carrier using the movable applying means and developing the applied layer by bringing the applied layer close to the electrostatic latent image area; A rotatable magnetic roller that adsorbs a magnetic carrier to form a magnetic brush for charging magnetic toner particles, and a rotatable magnetic roller that transfers toner particles from the roller and develops an electrostatic image on an electrostatic charge carrier. It has a toner carrier in the form of a developing roller, and maintains a gap between the electrostatic image holder and the developing roller in the developing section, and the gap length is set larger than the thickness of the toner coating layer on the developing roller. A developing method for developing an electrostatic image, and an electrostatic image holder having toner carried on its surface.

In an electrostatic image developing method in which an electrostatic image on the surface of an electrostatic image carrier is developed with toner carriers facing each other, the toner stored in a toner storage means under the toner carrier is pumped onto the toner carrier. For this purpose, there is a developing method in which only the pumped-up portion of the toner is activated by applying vibrations, and a single layer of toner of a predetermined thickness is formed on the surface of the toner carrier for development. However, in the method of developing these insulating non-magnetic toners by supporting them on a toner carrier (C) using non-magnetic force in the developing section, the force that causes the non-magnetic toner to be supported on the toner carrier in the vicinity of the developing section is mainly static electricity. The magnetic attraction and physical adhesion force (adhesive force between toner and carrier and toner particles, and van der Waals force between toner particles and carrier surface) are dominant, and their point magnetic force and static electricity This method has various disadvantages compared to the conventional developing method using insulating magnetic toner in which toner is supported on a carrier by force or the like.

For example, a phenomenon occurs that many toners are not applied relatively thinly and uniformly on the carrier. Furthermore, for example, a so-called soil build-up occurs in which toner adheres to non-image areas even though the toner is applied relatively uniformly.

Furthermore, even though the toner is applied thinly and uniformly, the amount of toner adhering to the image area is insufficient, resulting in an image with low density. Additionally, many toners produce very poor images with low fidelity and low resolution even though they are applied thinly and evenly. Furthermore, repeated use of more toner results in decreased image density and lower quality images. Furthermore, many toners have the disadvantage that they sometimes cause a decrease in image density when exposed to environmental changes such as high temperature and high humidity, low temperature and low humidity, and other times they cause soil retention.

An object of the present invention is to provide a new developing method using an insulating non-magnetic toner, which improves the above-mentioned drawbacks. That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a developing method with high fidelity and stable image quality. A further object of the present invention is to provide a developing method that eliminates the blurring phenomenon and provides a high-resolution image that is uniform and has sufficient density in the image area.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a developing method with excellent durability such as continuous use characteristics.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a developing method that is stable against environmental changes such as high temperature and high humidity, and low temperature and low humidity.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a developing method that provides images with sharp hues.

The present inventors investigated various developing methods using conventionally known non-magnetic toner, and found that in order to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks, compared to the developing method using magnetic toner, toner is used in the developing section. It has been found that more precise control of the amount of electrostatic charge possessed by the toner on the carrier is required. For example, if the amount of charge is low, a phenomenon occurs in which the toner is not evenly applied onto the carrier, and development cannot be achieved. Next, even if the amount of charge is increased to create a state where the toner is evenly coated, if the value is not appropriate, ground force blur will likely occur, and conversely, if the value is too high, static buildup between the toner carrier and the toner carrier will occur. The electric attraction is too strong, making it difficult for the toner to transfer to the electrostatic image carrier, resulting in a decrease in image density and the appearance of a low-quality image. For roughly the same reason, changes in the amount of toner charge when using these developing methods or when changing the environment have an extremely large effect on the image, and ensuring the stability of the amount of charge is more important than ever. There is something
In addition, in these development methods, the physical adhesion between the toner and the toner carrier clearly affects the transfer of the toner from the toner carrier. It has been found that when the packing density of toner particles in one toner layer is high, it is extremely important to prevent an increase in the physical adhesion force, as this results in a low-quality image with low image density and low resolution. The present invention solves these characteristic requirements due to the method of developing an insulating non-magnetic toner by supporting it on a P carrier using non-magnetic force in a developing section by using a toner containing specific silica fine powder. It is something that can be achieved.

As a result of intensive research, the present inventor has discovered a fine silica powder produced by vapor phase oxidation of a silicon-halodan compound,
The silica fine powder has the general formula % (R is an alkoxy group or a chlorine atom, m is an integer of 1 to 3, Y is a nitrogen-containing unsaturated heterocycle or a derivative thereof, n
It has been found that a single-child photographic toner exhibiting excellent heel characteristics can be obtained by incorporating fine silica powder treated with a silane coupling agent represented by the formula (integer from 3 to 1) into a toner. Furthermore, it has been found that it is very effective to apply this developer to a developing device having a sleeve roller.

That is, the present invention is characterized in that an electrostatic image carrier that holds an electrostatic image on its surface and a toner carrier that carries an insulating non-magnetic material on its surface are arranged with a certain gap in the developing section. and is a silica fine powder produced by vapor phase oxidation of a silicon-halodane compound, the silica fine powder having the general formula % (R is an alkoxy group or a chlorine atom, m is an integer of 1 to 3, Y is nitrogen unsaturated heterocycle or derivative thereof containing n
is an integer from 3 to 1) A non-magnetic toner containing fine silica powder treated with a silane coupling agent is supported on a toner carrier to a thickness thinner than the gap, and the toner is processed in a developing section. The present invention provides a developing method in which the electrostatic image carrier is transferred to the electrostatic image holder and developed.

The silica fine powder produced by vapor phase oxidation of a silicon-halodan compound used in the present invention is so-called dry process silica or heated silica, and is produced by a conventionally known technique. For example, this method utilizes a thermal decomposition oxidation reaction of silicon tetrachloride gas in an oxyhydrogen flame, and the basic reaction formula is as follows.

5IC44+2H2+02→5102+4HCtAlso, in this manufacturing process, for example, by using other metal/rodane compounds such as aluminum chloride or titanium chloride together with a silicon halodan compound, a composite fine powder of silica and other metal oxides can be obtained. Things are possible, and they are also included.

The particle size is o, o o i~2 as the average primary particle size
It is desirable that μ be within the range of μ, particularly preferably 0.
It is preferable to use silica fine powder within the range of 0.002 to 0.2 μm.

Examples of commercially available silica fine powders include those available under the following trade names.

Aerosil 130 (Japan Aerosil Co., Ltd.) 200 00 80 TT 600 M0X80 MoX 170 COK 84 Cab-0-8il M-5 (CAB
OT) MS-7 S-75 MS-5 EH-5 Waeker I (DK N 20
(WACKER-CHEMIEGMBHV 15 companies)
N20E 30 40 D -CFinC3i 1ica (Dow Corning Company) Fransol (Fransi1 Company) The silane coupling agent used in the present invention has the general formula % (R is an alkoxy group or a chlorine atom, m is an integer of 1 to 3, Y is a nitrogen-containing unsaturated heterocycle or a derivative thereof, n
is an integer of 3 to 1), and many nitrogen-containing unsaturated heterocycles have been known so far, one example of which is listed below.

Further, as derivatives, all known derivatives such as hydrocarbon groups, halogens, amino groups, vinyl groups, mercapto groups, methacrylic groups, glycidoxy groups, ureido groups, etc. can be derived as long as they do not interfere with the charge control properties of the above compound group. . Furthermore, since the silica fine powder used in the present invention has a nitrogen-containing unsaturated heterocycle, it has an excellent effect on hydrophobization. It is also possible to treat with an organosilicon compound after treatment with a coupling agent or simultaneously with treatment with a silane coupling agent. Examples of such organosilicon compounds are:
Yoxamethyldisiladene, trimethylsilane, trimethylchlorosilane, trimethylchlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, methyltrichlorosilane, allyldimethylchlorosilane, allyl phenyldichlorosilane, pennoldimethylchlorosilane, bromomethyldimethylchlorosilane, α - chloroethyltrichlorosilane, p-chloroethyltrichlorosilane, chloromethyltrimethylchlorosilane, chloromethyldimethylchlorosilane, triorganosilyl mercaptans, e.g. trimethylsilylmercagutan, triorganosilylacrylates, e.g. vinyldimethylacetoxysilane, Furthermore, dimethylethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, diphenyljethoxysilane, hexamethyldisiloxane, 1.
3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane, 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane, and
There is a dimethylpolysiloxane having 12 siloxane units and containing one Si-bonded hydroxyl group in each unit located at the end. These are one or two types
Used in mixtures of more than one species. For fine silica powder,
The preferred weight ratio of the silane coupling agent compound and the hydrophobizing agent to be treated is 15:85 to 85:15.
By changing this ratio, the triboelectric charge amount of the toner containing the silica fine powder can be set to a desired value, and this ratio can be arbitrarily selected. It also varies depending on the type of silane coupling agent and hydrophobizing agent used. The total amount of the silane cagging agent and the hydrophobizing agent is preferably 0.1 to 30% by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight based on the silica fine powder.

In addition, the applied amount of these treated silica fine powders exhibits an effect when the applied amount is 0.01 to 20% by weight relative to the toner weight, and is especially effective when added in an amount of 0.1 to 3% by weight. It exhibits positive chargeability with excellent stability. A preferred form of addition is 0.01% based on the weight of the toner.
It is preferable that the treated silica fine powder of .about.3 weight percent is attached to the surface of the toner particles.

As the binder resin for toner used in the developing method of the present invention, various material resins conventionally known as toner binder resins for electrophotography are used.

For example, polystyrene, broken styrene/citadiene copolymer, styrene copolymer such as styrene/acrylic copolymer, polyethylene, polyethylene vinegar/vinyl copolymer,
These include ethylene copolymers such as polyethylene vinyl alcohol copolymers, phenolic resins, polyoxylic resins, allyl phthalate resins, polyamide resins, polyester resins, maleic acid resins, and the like. Furthermore, there are no particular restrictions on the manufacturing capacity of any of the resins. This is because conventional resins produced by emuldimine polymerization or the like tend to contain impurities and are difficult to use, but the present invention allows them to be easily used, and the range of resin selection is greatly expanded. This is also a great effect of the present invention.

As a coloring material used in toner, conventionally known coloring materials include car? Colorants such as black, dyes, and pigments can be used, and all conventionally known dyes as positive charge control agents can be used in combination with the treated silica fine powder used in the present invention.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail based on embodiments using figures.

FIG. 1 shows an example of a developing device for carrying out an electrostatic latent image developing method using insulating non-magnetic toner. In the figure, 1 is a cylindrical electrostatic image carrier, 2 is a toner carrier, and 3 is a toner supply means. -14 indicates a coating means, and 5 indicates an insulating nonmagnetic toner specified in the present invention.

For example, by forming an electrostatic latent image on the electrostatic image carrier l by a known electrophotographic method such as the Carlson method or the NP method,
The insulating non-magnetic toner 5 in the cartridge 3 is developed with the toner 5 coated on the toner carrier 2 by a coating means 4 which coats the developer layer with a controlled layer thickness. The toner carrier 2 is a cylindrical developing roller made of stainless steel. Aluminum may be used as the material for this developing roller,
Other metals may also be used. Alternatively, a gold JJ roller coated with resin or the like may be used in order to frictionally charge the toner to a desired polarity. Additionally, the developer roller may be made of an electrically conductive non-metallic material.

Although not shown at both ends of this toner carrier 2, is there a high density on this axis? The spacer roller made of Literen is the container. By applying these spacer rollers to both ends of the electrostatic image holder 1 and fixing the developing device, the distance between the electrostatic image holder 1 and the toner carrier 2 is adjusted so that the toner coated on the toner carrier 2 is The thickness is set and held at least.

This interval is for example iooμ to 500μ, preferably 15
0 μ to 300 μ. If this distance is too large, the electrostatic force exerted on the non-magnetic toner coated on the toner carrier 2 by the electrostatic latent image on the electrostatic image carrier 1 will be weak, resulting in a decrease in image quality, especially due to the development of fine lines. Visualization becomes difficult. Furthermore, if this interval is too narrow, there is a risk that the toner applied on the toner carrier 2 will be compressed and aggregated between the toner carrier 2 and the electrostatic image holder 1. Reference numeral 6 denotes a developing/glazing source, which is capable of applying a voltage between the conductive toner carrier 2 and the back electrode of the electrostatic image holder 1. This developing bias voltage is, for example,
This is the development noise voltage as described in No. 8.

FIG. 2 shows another example of the developing device. In the same figure, 11
12 is an electrostatic image carrier, 12 is a toner carrier, 13 is a hot-sand-114 is an insulating non-magnetic toner specified in the present invention, 15
1 is a toner storage section, and 16 is a toner supply member. A vibrating member 1 is used to vibrate the toner 14 in the storage section 15.
7 and vibration generating means 18 are provided at the lower part of the hole/#-13.

19 is a cleaning blade. In this developing device, the vibration generating means 18 vibrates the vibrating member 17 at an appropriate amplitude and frequency to form a uniform toner coating layer on the toner carrier 12 which is rotating at a constant speed. The electrostatic image carrier 11 is placed in opposition with a gap larger than the thickness of the toner coating layer, and the non-magnetic toner is flown onto the electrostatic image to develop it. The vibration of the vibrating member 17 may be at any level as long as it does not directly impact the toner carrier 12, but it is preferable to control the frequency and amplitude so that the toner coating layer has a uniform thickness of about 5 to 100 μm. .

It is also possible to apply an AC and/or DC developing bias voltage between the toner carrier 12 and the electrostatic image holder 11.

FIG. 3 shows yet another example of the developing device. In the same figure, 21
2 is an electrostatic image carrier, 22 is a toner carrier, 23 is a toner supply section, 24 is an insulating non-magnetic toner specified in the present invention, 2
5 is a coating roller, 26 is a fiber brush fixed to the surface of the coating roller, 27 is a toner cleaning member, 28 is a developing bias power source, and 29 is a coating bias power source.

The application roller 25 contacts the toner carrier 22 and rotates in the same direction as the toner carrier 22 at the contact portion. The coating roller 25 rotates to convey the toner 24 according to its plan 26, uniformly coating it on the toner carrier 22, and flying it onto the electrostatic image on the electrostatic image holder 21. ,develop. The gap between the toner carrier 22 and the application roller 25 is adjusted so as to form a uniform layer of toner of about 5 to 100 microns on the toner carrier 22. A bias power source 29 may apply a bias bias pressure to uniformly apply toner. The gap between the electrostatic image carrier 21 and the toner carrier 22 may be made larger than the thickness of the toner, and a developing bias may be applied by a bias power supply 28 during development.

FIG. 4 shows another example of the developing device. In the figure, 31 is an electrostatic image holder, 32 is a toner carrier, 33 is a developing device main body,
34 is an insulating component non-magnetic toner specified in the present invention; 3
5 indicates a magnetic roller.

The magnetic roller 35 is constituted by a non-magnetic sleeve 36 and a magnet 37 provided therein, forming a magnetic plan 38 thereon. In this developing device, the magnetic carrier is magnetically held on the non-magnetic sleeve 36 to form a brush, and the sleeve 36 is rotated to form the toner 34.
is pumped up with the above carrier brush and transferred to the toner carrier 32.
A uniform layer of toner is formed by contact application.

At this time, since the carrier is held on the magnetic roller 35 by magnetic force, it does not move onto the toner carrier 32. Next, from above the toner carrier 32; 4L image carrier 3
1. Fly to the top and develop. Magnetic roller 35 and toner carrier 3
2, the thickness of the toner layer on the toner carrier 32 is 5 to 1.
Adjust so that it is about 00μ. The gap between the toner carrier 32 and the electrostatic image holder 31 is made larger than the thickness of the toner, and if necessary, a bias voltage may be applied by a developing bias power source 39.

FIG. 5 shows yet another example of the developing device. In the same figure, 41
4 is an electrostatic image carrier; 42 is a sleeve-shaped toner carrier; 4 is a sleeve-shaped toner carrier;
Reference numeral 3 indicates a fixed magnet disposed within the toner carrier, 44 indicates a one-component non-magnetic toner specified in the present invention, 46 indicates a toner thickness regulating blade, and 47 indicates a developing bias power source. In this developing device, the toner carrier 4
A magnetic brush 48 of carrier toner mixture is formed on the carrier toner mixture 2, and by rotating the toner carrier 42, the magnetic brush 48 is circulated, and the toner in the carrier toner y9-44 is sucked into the toner carrier 42. Apply a thin layer evenly on top.

Next, the toner carrier 42 and the electrostatic image carrier 41 are opposed to each other with a gap larger than the thickness of one toner layer, and the one-component non-magnetic toner 45 on the toner carrier 42 is transferred onto the electrostatic charge image on the electrostatic image carrier 41. Perform flying development.

The thickness of one layer of toner is controlled by the size of the magnetic brush 48, that is, the amount of carrier, and the regulation grade 46.

The gap between the electrostatic image holder 41 and the toner carrier 42 is made larger as the toner is thicker. In this case, a developing bias may be applied by the bias power supply 47.

Examples of the developing method of the present invention carried out using the above-mentioned apparatus and comparative examples of the conventional developing method carried out using the same apparatus will be described below.

Example 1 The above materials were thoroughly mixed in a blender and then kneaded with two rolls heated to 150°C. After allowing the kneaded mixture to cool naturally, it is coarsely pulverized using a cutter mill, then pulverized using a pulverizer using a jet stream, and further dispersed using a wind dispersion machine to obtain toner raw material fine powder with a particle size of 5 to 20μ. I got it.

Next, silica <>y Aerosil 200 (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) was placed in a closed Henschel mixer heated to 70°C, and the silane coupling agent was 3.0
The mixture was stirred at high speed while adding dropwise N-(rimethoxysilylglobil)imidazole diluted with ORK alcohol to a treatment amount of N6-cents. The obtained fine powder was
It was dried at 0°C. The treated silica fine powder was added in a proportion of 0.6 weight to the above toner raw material fine powder and mixed in a Henschel mixer to prepare a toner. On the other hand, zinc oxide 100
Part by weight, styrene! 20 parts by weight of tadiene copolymer, n
-A mixture consisting of 40 parts by weight of dithyl methacrylate, 120 parts by weight of toluene, and 4 parts by weight of 1% rose bengal methanol solution was dispersed and mixed for 6 hours in a Lumil. This was applied to a 0.05 am aluminum plate with a dry coating thickness of 4
The coating was applied using a wire bar so that the coating thickness was 0μ, and the solvent was evaporated with warm air to produce a zinc oxide binder-based photoreceptor in the form of a drum. This photoreceptor was subjected to corona discharge of 16 W to uniformly charge the entire surface, and then an original image was irradiated to form an electrostatic latent image. The above toner was put into a developing device as shown in FIG. 1, and an electrostatic latent image on an electrostatic image holder made of the photoreceptor described above was developed.

Here, the toner carrier is a stainless steel cylindrical sleeve with an outer diameter of 50 mm, the distance between the photosensitive drum surface and the sleeve surface is set to 0.25 WM, and the sleeve is heated at 400 HzlOO.
An alternating current of OV and a direct current bias of -150V were applied.

Next, the powder image was transferred while irradiating the back side of the transfer paper with a direct current corona of fi -7 KV to obtain a copied image. Determination was carried out using a commercially available plain paper copying machine (trade name: NP-5000, manufactured by Canon).

The resulting transferred image had a sufficiently high density, no fogging, no toner scattering around the image, and a good image with high resolution was obtained. Durability was continuously examined using the above toner, and the transferred image after 10,000 copies was also completely dull compared to the initial image.

Furthermore, when the environmental conditions were set to 35° C. and 85° C., the image density hardly changed from normal temperature and humidity, a clear blue image was obtained without fogging or scattering, and the durability remained unchanged up to 1000 sheets. Next, when a transferred image was obtained at a low temperature and low humidity of 10° C. and 10° C., the image was developed and transferred very smoothly, with high image density and even black, and was an excellent image without any scattering or hollow spots. Durability was carried out under these environmental conditions, but even after continuous and open copying, it was still 1
The density fluctuation was ±0.2 up to 0,000 sheets, which was sufficient for practical use.

Comparative Example 1 A toner raw material fine powder was obtained by treating the same materials and urine as in Example 1.

A toner was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the silica fine powder Aerosil 200 was not treated with the silane coupling agent, and the silica fine powder was mixed with the above toner raw material fine powder.

This toner was placed in the developing device shown in FIG. 1, and developed and transferred in exactly the same manner as in Example 1, but only an inverted image was obtained, indicating negative chargeability.

Example 2 The same toner as in Example 1 was used except that N-(rimethoxinelylethyl)carpazole was used as the silane coupling agent, and the same toner as in Example 1 was used in the developing device shown in FIG. Development and transfer were carried out in exactly the same manner.

Almost the same results as in Example 1 were obtained.

Example 3 The same toner as in Example 1 was used except that Silanka 7 (trimethoxy) was used as the noring agent, and development and transfer were carried out in exactly the same manner as in Example 1 using the developing device shown in FIG.

Almost the same good results as in Example 1 were obtained.

Example 4 Using the same toner as in Example 1, an electrostatic latent image on electrostatic image holder 11 was developed using the developing device shown in FIG. At this time, when the vibrating member 17 is vibrated at a frequency of approximately 50 Hz and an amplitude of 0.2 ttan, and the toner carrier 12 is rotated at a circumferential speed of 12 ONV/BeC, toner is uniformly applied to a thickness of approximately 50μ on the toner carrier. The toner carrier 12 and the electrostatic image carrier 11 are faced to each other with a gap of about 300μ maintained, and the toner carrier 12 is supplied with a frequency of 100 to several kilohertz, a negative peak value of -660 to -1200V, and a Development was performed by applying an AC electric field with a positive peak value of +400 to +800 V.

Good results similar to those in Example 1 were obtained.

Comparative Example 2 Using the same toner as in Comparative Example 1, development and transfer were carried out in the same manner as in Example 4 using the developing device shown in FIG.

In this case, the defects shown in Comparative Example 1 were noticeable.

Example 5 Using the same toner as in Example 2, an electrostatic image on the electrostatic image holder 21 was developed using the developing device shown in FIG. At this time, the gap between the toner carrier 22 and the application roller 25 was set to about 2 inches, and the length of the fiber brush 26 was set to about 38 inches. The gap between the toner carrier, that is, the developing roller 22, and the electrostatic image holder 21 is maintained at 300 μ, and a single layer of toner of about 80 μ is formed on the developing roller 22, and a DC waveform is applied at a frequency of 200 Hz and a voltage peak value of ±450 V. Add component 250■, peak voltage +700v and -2
When 00V was applied for development, the same good results as in Example 1 were obtained.

Example 6 Using the toner of Example 3, the electrostatic latent image on the electrostatic image holder 31 was developed using the developing device shown in FIG. At that time, the gap between the toner carrier 32 and the magnetic roller 35 is approximately 2
The maximum thickness of the magnetic brush 38 was approximately 3 mm. The gap between the toner carrier, that is, the developing roller 32, and the electrostatic image holder 31 is maintained at 300μ, and a single layer of toner of approximately 80μ is formed on the developing roller 32, and a DC component is applied to the peak value ±450V of the voltage at a frequency of 200Hz as an AC waveform. 2
Add 50v, peak voltage +700v and -20
When 0V was applied for development, good results similar to those of Example 1 were obtained.

Example 7 Toner 20y- of Example 1 was mixed with iron powder carrier 20y in advance, and the mixture was put into the developing device shown in FIG. The gap between the toner thickness regulating blade 46 and the toner carrier 42 was set to be approximately 250 μm. The gap between the toner carrier, that is, the developing roller 42 and the electrostatic image holder 41 is maintained at 300μ, and a single layer of toner of approximately 80μ is transferred to the developing roller 4.
As an AC waveform, a DC component of 250 V was added to the peak value of the voltage at a frequency of 200 Hz, ±450 V, to give peak voltage values of +700 V and -200 V, and development was performed.

Good results similar to those in Example 1 were obtained.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 each show an example of a developing device used to carry out the desktop image method according to the present invention. 1: Static image carrier, 2: Toner carrier, 3: Hora-G-14: Application means, 5: Reverse edge non-magnetic toner, 6: Development bias power supply, 11: Electrostatic image carrier, 12: Toner Support, 13:
Hopper, 14: Insulating non-magnetic toner, 15: Toner storage section, 16: Toner supply member, 17
Two vibration members, 18: Vibration generating means, 19: Cleaning grade, 21: Static IL image holding body, 22: Toner carrying body, 2
3: Toner supply section, 24: Toner, 25: Application roller, 26: Brush, 27: Toner cleaning member, 28 2nd development bias power supply, 29: Application bias power supply, 3]: Electrostatic image holder, 32: Toner Support, 33:
Developing device main body, 34: toner, 35: magnetic roller,
36: Non-magnetic sleeve, 37: Magnet,
38: Magnetic brush, 39: Developing bias source, 41: Electrostatic image holder, 42: Toner carrier, 43: Magnet, 44: Hot rod, 45: Toner, 46: Toner thickness regulating blade, 47: Bias power supply for development, 48: Magnetic brush.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An electrostatic image carrier that holds an electrostatic image on its surface and a toner carrier that carries an insulating non-magnetic toner on its surface are arranged with a certain gap in a developing section, A fine silica powder produced by vapor phase oxidation of a silicon-halodan compound, the fine silica powder having the general formula % (in; t alkoxy group or chlorine atom, m an integer of 1 to 3, Y a lid). A non-magnetic toner containing fine silica powder treated with a silane cassilling agent (n is an integer of 3 to 1) containing an unsaturated heterocycle or a derivative thereof containing an unsaturated heterocyclic ring or a derivative thereof, n being an integer of 3 to 1. 1. A developing method comprising carrying a thin toner on the electrostatic image holder and developing the toner by transferring the toner to the electrostatic image holder in a developing section. 2. The developing method according to claim 1, wherein in the developing section, an alternating current and/or direct current bias is applied between the toner carrier and the electrostatic image holding surface.