JPS59212415A - Fruit-thinning agent for fruit trees - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:A fruit-thinning agent that contains, as an active ingredient, bittern obtained from concentrated waste mother liquor in salt-manufacturing processes, ion-exchanged bittern or their solidified products, thus enabling fruits to grow in large and uniform sizes and to avoid alternate bearing. CONSTITUTION:The objective fruit-thinning agent contains, as an active ingredient, bittern obtained from concentrated mother liquior in salt manufacturing process, further fertilizer for spraying on leaf surfaces, surface active agent, an antiblock agent and moisture-controlling water and other additives. The fruit- thinning agent according to the present invention allows the fruits to grow in large and uniform sizes, improves coloring, promote the growth of branches and flow buds bearing. Further, it can simplify fruit sorting by conducting it, as fruit thinning is effected by the agent instead of hand working. It causes no environmental pollution and chemical injury. The bittern contains a large amount of magnesium salts and is obtained from waste mother liquor in the salt manufacturing by sun-light drying or after separation of sodium chloride from concentrate in the electrolytic process with ion-exchange membranes.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field] The present invention relates to a fruit thinning agent for general fruit trees.

′ [Prior Art] In general, fruit trees tend to bear fruit every other year, and the fruit yield fluctuates. Furthermore, due to fluctuations in natural weather conditions such as typhoons, cool summers, and droughts, it is fate that the basis of fruit tree management is uncertain. As part of the rationalization of management of fruit tree cultivation, which has such instability factors, pursuing as much rationality as possible will lead to stabilization of the foundation, and in recent years the active introduction of pesticides and plant growth regulators has been introduced in various situations. It is well known that the amount of these drugs used has been steadily increasing as a result of confirmation of their effectiveness. Thinning of fruit trees is an essential task to improve fruit quality and increase grower's income. The purpose of fruit thinning is to make the fruits large and uniform, improve their coloring, promote the development of branches and shoots, improve the formation of flower buds, and maintain the vigor of the tree by avoiding biennial fruit formation as much as possible. In addition, in general, it can be expected to have very large effects such as improved root development, earlier ripening, and reduction in fruit sorting work, which will greatly contribute to fruit cultivation management. However, this seemingly simple fruit-thinning work must be carried out in the hot summer months of July and August, which causes a great deal of mental and physical pain. The reality is that enough is enough. For this reason, various studies have been conducted to efficiently perform fruit thinning by spraying chemicals instead of manually, including NAA, 2.4-D, 245T,
M'H-30, machine oil emulsion, etc. were tested. Among them N
'AA is 200-30 days after citrus flowering.
At one point, it seemed that the technology for spraying 0ppm liquid had been established, but its use was soon discontinued due to environmental pollution, chronic toxicity, and uneven results. Only the dazolylacetate ethyl agent (trade name: Figalon) is used. This also has the delicate risk of excessive fruit thinning, which is unique to plant hormones, if high temperatures continue after spraying.

[Purpose of the invention]

The object of the present invention is to obtain a fruit thinning agent that does not have the above-mentioned defects, that is, does not cause environmental pollution or chemical damage, and has an excellent fruit thinning effect.

[Structure of the invention]

The present invention is a fruit thinning agent whose active ingredient is a bittern component obtained from concentrated waste mother liquor from the salt production process.

The bittern component used in the present invention is the mother liquor after desalting when concentrating seawater to make salt, and is rich in magnesium salts and has a bitter taste, and is also called bittern.

This bittern component is obtained from a waste mother liquor obtained by crystallizing and separating common salt from a concentrated solution produced by a solar dry concentration salt production method from seawater or an ion exchange membrane electrodialysis method.

Its composition is shown in Table 1 below.

Table 1 Solid bittern is obtained from this liquid bittern by vacuum concentration etc., approximately Mgα242-65%, K C109-28%
, Na1ff 7-17%, CaC1220-14%,
It has a very variable composition of 40-15% MgSO, 0-2% MgBr2 and is present in the form of halogens or sulfates of alkali and alkaline earth metals. Additionally, carnallite (KO2) is separated for the purpose of obtaining magnesium chloride.
・Mgα2.6H20) or high-concentration solid substances of 95% or more of Mgo22.6H20, which are used as food additives such as soybean protein coagulation precipitants and inorganic substances for sake, can also be used as the fruit thinning agent of the present invention. In addition, in order to double the fruit thinning effect of the bittern or solid bittern component containing components including Mgα2 of the present invention, surfactant 2, fertilizer components for foliar spraying, that is, nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium, or manganese as a trace element, are added. ,
Boron 1 Iron, copper, zinc.

It is also possible to add molybdenum or the like. In addition, the solid components of bittern are generally highly hygroscopic and tend to solidify or deliquesce during storage, so diatomaceous earth is used to prevent this.

Stability can also be maintained by adding silicic anhydride, calcium silicate, bentonite kaolin, vegetable or machine oil, etc.

Any type of surfactant can be used, but nonionic types include polyoxyalkylene alkyl allyl ether, sorbitan fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, and lecithin.

Glycerin fatty acid ester etc., anionic type such as dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, alkali metal etc., cationic type such as trimethy, ruhendylammonium chloride, etc., and amphoteric type such as cetyl aminoacetic acid, etc. can be used alone or in combination. . Further, as a fertilizer for foliar spraying, trace elements such as urea, ammonium phosphorus, and manganese boron can also be used in combination.

In addition, almost all of the bittern inorganic salts of the present invention have strong hygroscopic and deliquescent properties, so there is a problem with stability as a product. It is also possible to stabilize the weight change and appearance properties of the drug by adding moisture to balance the temperature (13.43°C (according to the Science Chronology)).

[Effect]

Although the detailed falling mechanism of the bittern component used in the present invention is unknown, the bittern main component, magnesium chloride, etc., has a unique blending characteristic derived from natural products. In other words, with a temporary increase in salt concentration, it is certain that a fruit thinning effect will appear as a secondary phenomenon, and various inorganic ions including Mg ions will be absorbed synergistically or sometimes antagonistically, and fruit growth will be accelerated. As a result, it can be used as an ideal fruit thinning agent with very little toxicity and great effects.

[Examples, effects]

This will be explained below by giving examples.

Example 1 A 20-year-old Shibunkan tree from Wenzhou, grown by Miyayo Wase, was tested on July 3rd, and 10,000. 5,000. 2,
500゜1.250ppm (control is Figalon 1,
000 ppm) was sprayed. 200/! /
It was sprayed with a hand-held sprayer to ensure sufficient wetness at 10 am. The number of fruits set on pre-specified branches before and 15 days after spraying was investigated, and the results shown in the table below were obtained. The fruit thinning rate was obtained by dividing the number of fruit set 15 days after spraying by the number of fruit set before spraying, and the value was subtracted from 1 to obtain the fruit thinning rate (%).

What is the large, medium, and small fruit diameter in the test results for bittern fruit thinning effect? Large: 21 to 25 CI11 medium fruit diameter; 17 to 21ω small fruit diameter: 14 to 17 cm fruit diameter.As a result, solid bittern 5. Efficacy equivalent to or greater than that of the control Figalon was observed at concentrations above OOOppm Id.

Example 2 The following experiment was conducted to confirm the fruit thinning effect of the various inorganic salts in the bittern component described above alone. Unshiu mandarin oranges grown to around 20 + ti in fruit diameter (10,00% of each inorganic salt in the main text for 20 years)
00. 1,000. 1100pp aqueous solution 200I on July 1st! /10a to sufficiently wet the stems, leaves, and fruits, and the number of fruits before and 30 days after the treatment was investigated to determine the fruit thinning rate.

As a result, it was found that potassium chloride, sodium chloride, and magnesium chloride in the bittern components affected the fruit thinning effect. Furthermore, this time too, bittern 10,000゜5,000pp
As a result of testing M and Figalon 1, 000 ppm,
All of them showed a fruit thinning effect greater than that of inorganic salts, confirming that bittern containing various types of inorganic salts has a great effect on mandarin fruit thinning.

Example 3 A fruit thinning agent having the following formulation was prepared in order to improve the effect even more than that of the previous example.

Nyl ether These fruit thinning agents are diluted with water to give 10,000 ml of each inorganic salt and bittern component. 1,000. Ordinary Satsuma mandarin orange (12
The spray was applied so that it was sufficiently wetted to the main area, and the investigation was repeated for 30 days, and the following results were obtained.

Number of fruits set after 30 days of treatment As a result, the addition of a surfactant allows for more uniform spraying and improves adhesion to leafy vegetables, resulting in a more stable fruit thinning effect.
The difference in fruit thinning effect between 10,000 and 1100 pp was slight. In contrast to Figalon, salt field bittern, potassium chloride, and magnesium chloride had sufficient effects as drugs.

Example 4 In order to mix a small amount of fertilizer elements for foliar spraying and further ensure fruit thinning, the following composition was prepared and tested.

(Note 2) Total amount of water-soluble manganese and water-soluble boron: 8.5
The following experiment was conducted to confirm the fruit thinning effect of % fertilizer. That is, 5,000. 2. The OOOppm diluted solution was sprayed on the stems, leaves and fruits on July 1st at 200β/10a, and the number of fruits before and 30 days after the treatment was investigated to determine the fruit thinning rate.

Fruit thinning effect test by adding trace element fertilizer for foliar spraying The results showed that the addition of trace element fertilizer slightly increased the fruit thinning rate.

Example 5 Magnesium chloride Mgα2.6H2028.5%, potassium chloride α14.8%, POE (n=10) octylphenyl ether 0.5%, POE (n””4) nonylphenyl ether 0.5%, silicon Resin (contains 2% white carbon) 0.2%, water 22.8%, Tsuma
A mixed powder containing 33% or more of light fine powder was used as an apple thinning agent. (This drug formulation design shows the calculated equilibrium vapor pressure at 13.5°C and 75.0% relative humidity.

Target tree species: Kunimitsu apple, 15 years old, 10 fruit-bearing branches, chemical spraying, June 16th, Survey date: August 10th, Normal leaf chestnut ratio is 2
0 to 25, but the composition of the present invention provided more effective results than the current control Denapon 85% permanent agent.

Example 6 Test chemical Same composition as Example 5 Target tree species: Peach Okubo species 8 main tree branches Date of application: April 28 Survey date: June 7 As shown above, the product of the present invention can be fully used as a fruit thinning agent for peaches. It is something.

Example 7 Magnesium chloride MgQ! 2.6 H2028, 5%,
Potassium chloride 7.5%, salt 7.0%, POE (n=1
1 mol) nonylphenyl ether 2%, silicone resin (
Contains 2% white carbon) 0.2%, water 20%, cellulose powder 25%, vermiculite powder 9.8%.

Target tree species: Nissei pear 2011 Main phase branch application date: April δ Survey date: June 10th or more At present, fruit thinning in pear cultivation relies only on manual labor, but with the application of the fruit thinning agent of the present invention, human labor is sufficient. It has significance as an alternative plant growth regulator.

By spraying on the thinning side of the present invention, it is possible to obtain the ideal number of fruits with a two-leaf chestnut ratio, which reduces labor, improves productivity, and eliminates phytotoxicity and ripening of the fruit, resulting in the best quality such as appearance and sugar-acid ratio. You can get the fruit of Further, even when the fruit thinning agent of the present invention is used for several years, no chemical damage such as deterioration of tree vigor is observed.

Written amendment to the procedure Mr. Kazuo Wakasugi, Commissioner of the Japan Patent Office 2. Name of the invention: Fruit thinner 3. Relationship to the case by the person making the amendment. Name: Fruit Thinning Agent 2, Claim 1, A fruit tree thinning agent characterized in that the active ingredient is a bittern component obtained from concentrated waste mother liquor of a salt production process.

2. The fruit thinning agent according to claim 1, wherein the bittern component is salt field bittern, ion-exchanged bittern, or a dehydrated solid thereof.

3. Bittersweet ingredient is sprayed on leaves as a fertilizer ingredient and surfactant.

The fruit tree thinning agent according to claim 1, which contains an anti-caking agent, water for adjusting equilibrium humidity, and other additives.

3. Detailed description of the invention [Industrial application field] The present invention relates to a fruit thinning agent for general fruit trees.

[Prior art]

In general, fruit trees tend to bear fruit every other year, and the amount of fruit they harvest fluctuates. Furthermore, due to fluctuations in natural weather conditions such as typhoons, cold summers, and droughts, it is fate that the basis of fruit tree management is uncertain. As part of the rationalization of management of fruit cultivation, which has such instability factors, pursuing as much rationality as possible will lead to stabilization of the foundation, and in recent years various attempts have been made to actively introduce pesticides and plant growth regulators. It is well known that the amount of these drugs used has been steadily increasing as a result of confirmation of their effectiveness. Thinning of fruit trees is an essential task to improve fruit quality and increase grower's income. The purpose of fruit thinning is to make the fruits large and uniform, to improve their coloring, to promote the development of the shoots, to improve the formation of flower buds, and to maintain the vigor of the tree by avoiding biennial fruit formation as much as possible. In addition, in general, it can be expected to have very large effects such as improved root development, earlier ripening, and reduction in fruit sorting work, which will greatly contribute to fruit cultivation management. However, this seemingly simple fruit-thinning work must be carried out in the hot summer months of July and August, which causes a great deal of mental and physical pain. The reality is that enough is enough. For this reason, various studies have been conducted to efficiently perform fruit thinning by spraying chemicals instead of manually. 4-D, 2
45T, MH-30, machine oil emulsion, etc. were tested. Of these, NAA is 200 days after citrus flowering.
It appeared that the technology for spraying ~300 ppm liquid had been established for a while, but soon after, due to environmental pollution, chronic toxicity, and uneven results,
Its use has been discontinued, and only the ethyl chloroindazolylacetate agent (named Figalon), which is said to have an auxin-like effect on fruit delamination formation, is used. This also has the subtle danger of continuing high temperatures after spraying (and excessive fruit thinning), which is unique to plant hormones.

[Purpose of the invention]

The object of the present invention is to obtain a fruit thinning agent that does not have the above-mentioned defects, that is, does not cause environmental pollution or phytotoxicity, and has a thinning effect.

[Structure of the invention]

The present invention is a fruit thinning agent whose active ingredient is a bittern component obtained from concentrated waste mother liquor from the salt production process.

The bittern component used in the present invention is the mother liquor after desalting when concentrating seawater to make salt, and is rich in magnesium salts and has a bitter taste, and is also called bittern.

This bittern component is obtained from a waste mother liquor obtained by crystallizing and separating common salt from a concentrated solution produced by a solar dry concentration salt production method from seawater or an ion exchange membrane electrodialysis method.

Its composition is shown in Table 1 below.

Table 1 Solid bittern is obtained from this liquid bittern by vacuum concentration etc., approximately MgCl2242-65%, Kα9-28%,
NaQ! 7-17%, CaO220-14%, Mg
It has a very variable composition of 40-15% SO, 20-2% MgBr, and is present in the form of halokenes or sulfates of alkali and alkaline earth metals. In addition, carnallite (Kci2・M
gO22.6H20) is a soybean protein coagulation precipitant, Mgα2.6H20, which is used as a food additive such as an inorganic substance for sake, and a solid substance with a high concentration of 95% or more can also be used as a fruit thinning agent in the present invention. Moreover, MgQ! of the present invention! In order to double the fruit thinning effect of bittern or solid bittern having components such as 2, surfactant 2, fertilizer components for foliar spraying, such as nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium or manganese as a trace element,
Boron, iron, copper, zinc.

It is also possible to add molybdenum or the like. In addition, the solid components of bittern are generally highly hygroscopic and tend to solidify or deliquesce during storage, so diatomaceous earth is used to prevent this.

Silicic anhydride, calcium silicate, bentonite, kaolin,
Stability can also be maintained by adding vegetable or machine oil. Any type of surfactant can be used, but nonionic types include polyoxyalkylene alkyl allyl ether, sorbitan fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, and lecithin.

Glycerin fatty acid ester, etc., anionic type such as dodecylhenzemethsulfonic acid, alkali metal, etc., cationic type, such as trimethylbenzylammonium chloride, and amphoteric type, such as cetyl aminoacetic acid, etc., can be used alone or in combination. . Further, as a fertilizer for foliar spraying, trace elements such as urea, ammonium phosphorus, and manganese boron can also be used in combination.

In addition, the bittern inorganic salt of the present invention has strong moisture absorption and deliquescent properties, so it is stable as a product! Of course, before adding the various additives mentioned above, moisture that should be balanced at a relative humidity of 75% (Japan's national average temperature 13.43°C, according to the Science Chronology) is added in advance to prevent changes in the weight and appearance of the drug. It can also be stabilized.

[Effect]

Although the detailed falling mechanism of the bittern component used in the present invention is unknown, the bittern main component, magnesium chloride, etc., has a unique blending characteristic derived from natural products. In other words, with a temporary increase in salt concentration, it is certain that a fruit thinning effect will appear as a secondary phenomenon, and various inorganic ions including Mg ions will be absorbed synergistically or sometimes antagonistically, and fruit growth will be accelerated. As a result, it can be used as an ideal fruit thinning agent with very little toxicity and great effects.

[Examples, effects]

This will be explained below by giving examples.

Example 1 A 20-year-old Shibunkan tree from Wenzhou, grown by Miyayo Wase, was tested on July 3rd, and 10,000. 5,000. 2,
500゜L250ppm (The control is Figalon LOO
An aqueous solution of Oppm) was sprayed. 200[/10
It was sprayed with a hand-held sprayer at sufficient intervals. The number of fruits set on pre-specified branches before and 15 days after spraying was investigated, and the results shown in the table below were obtained. The fruit thinning rate was obtained by dividing the number of fruit set 15 days after spraying by the number of fruit set before spraying, and the value was subtracted from 1 to obtain the fruit thinning rate (%).

What is the fruit diameter (large, medium, and small) in the test results for bittern fruit thinning effect on oranges? Large = medium fruit diameter of 21 to 25 cm:
Small fruit diameter of 17 to 21 cm: Fruit diameter of 14 to 17 cm As a result, at a concentration of solid bittern of 5.000 ppm or more, an effect equal to or greater than that of the control Figalon was observed.

Example 2 The following experiment was conducted to confirm the fruit thinning effect of the various inorganic salts in the bittern component described above alone. Unshiu mandarin oranges grown with a fruit diameter of around 2011 (10,000 yen of each inorganic salt in the main text of 2011)
0. 1,000. 1100pp aqueous solution on July 1st 2
00j! / 10 a, sprayed so that the leaves, leaves, and fruits were sufficiently wet, and the number of fruits was investigated before and 30 days after the treatment.
The fruit thinning rate was calculated.

Fruit thinning by inorganic salt 1...Lm Lucky fruit As a result, it was found that potassium chloride, sodium chloride, and magnesium chloride in the bittern component affected the fruit thinning effect. Furthermore, this time too, Bittersweet 10,000゜5, OOOp
As a result of testing pm and Figalon 1,000 ppm, both showed a fruit thinning effect greater than that of inorganic salts, confirming that bittern containing various inorganic salts has a great effect on mandarin fruit thinning.

Example 3 A fruit thinning agent having the following formulation was prepared in order to improve the effect even more than that of the previous example.

Nyl ether These fruit thinning agents are diluted with water to give 10,000 ml of each inorganic salt and bittern component. 1,0.00. 1100pp
iJ! It was sprayed at a rate of 200 (1/10 a.m.) on ordinary unshiu mandarin (12 years old) so that it was sufficiently wetted, and after 30 days, the following results were obtained.

Number of fruits set after 30 days of treatment As a result, adding a surfactant allows for more uniform spraying and improves adhesion to the fruit collection, resulting in a more stable fruit thinning effect.
The difference in fruit thinning effect between 10,000 and 1100 pp was slight. In contrast to Figalon, salt field bittern, potassium chloride, and magnesium chloride had sufficient effects as drugs.

Example 4 In order to mix a small amount of fertilizer elements for foliar spraying and further ensure fruit thinning, the following composition was prepared and tested.

Enyl ether (Note 2) Total amount of water-soluble manganese and water-soluble boron 8.5
The following experiment was conducted to confirm the fruit thinning effect of % fertilizer. That is, 5,000. 2,000ppm diluted solution July 1st 2007! / 10 a was applied to the stems, leaves, and fruits, and the number of fruits before and 30 days after the treatment was investigated to determine the fruit thinning rate.

Fruit thinning effect test by adding trace element fertilizer for foliar spraying The results showed that the addition of trace element fertilizer slightly increased the fruit thinning rate.

Example 5 Magnesium chloride MgCJ22 6H2028, 5%
, α14.8% in potassium chloride, POE (n-10)
Octylphenyl ether 0.5%, POE (n=
4) Nonylphenyl ether 0.5%, silicone resin (
white carbon 2%) 0.2%, water 22.8%,
A mixed powder containing 33% or more of perlite fine powder was used as an apple thinning agent. (This chemical formulation design shows the calculated value of equilibrium vapor pressure at 13.5°C and relative humidity of 75.0%.) Target tree species Chemical application using 10 fruiting branches of Kunimitsu apple, 15 years old June 16 Survey date The appropriate leaf and fruit ratio for August 10th is usually 2.
0 to 25, but the composition of the present invention provided more effective results than the current control Denapon 85% permanent agent.

Example 6 Test chemical Same composition as Example 5 Tree species to be used Peach Okubo species 8 main tree branches Date of application April 28th 111i1 Inspection date June 7th As mentioned above, the product of the present invention can be fully used as a fruit thinning agent for peaches. It is possible.

Example 7 Magnesium chloride Mgα2.6H2028.5%, potassium chloride 7.5%, salt 7.0%, POE ('n=11
Mol) nonyl phenyl ether 2%, silicone resin (containing 2% white carbon) 0.2%, water 20%, cellulose powder 25%, vermiculite powder 9.8%.

Target tree species: Nissei pear 2011 Main text Ekata Can date: April 25th δ Surveillance date: June 10th or more At present, fruit thinning in pear cultivation relies only on manual labor, but with the application of the fruit thinning agent of the present invention. It is significant as a plant growth control agent that can fully replace human labor.

By spraying the fruit thinning agent of the present invention, the ideal number of fruits with a fruit set rate of 2 can be obtained, which reduces labor, improves productivity, and improves quality such as appearance and sugar-acid ratio without causing phytotoxicity to the fruit or inhibiting ripening. You can get the best fruits. Further, even when the fruit thinning agent of the present invention is used for several years, no chemical damage such as deterioration of tree vigor is observed.

Procedural amendment Commissioner of the Patent Office Kazuo Wakasugi 1.Display of the incident ■Total of 058 years Patent application No. 88278 2, title of invention fruit tree thinner 3. Person who makes corrections Relationship to the case Patent applicant address Mikasakagaku Kogyo Name: Mikasa Chemical Industry Kyoreisha 4. Agent Specification to 1 ≧(− 6゜ Procedural amendment June 21, 1982 Commissioner of the Patent Office Kazuo Wakasugi Senshu Haku 1.Display of the incident Rom58 Patent Application No. 88278 2. Name of the invention fruit tree thinner 3. Person who makes corrections Relationship to the case Patent applicant address Mikasakagaku Kogyo Name: Mikasa Chemical Industry) Wipe Company 4. Agent 6. Subject of correction Specification 7. Contents of correction

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A fruit thinning agent characterized in that the active ingredient is a bittern component obtained from concentrated waste mother liquor from a salt production process. 2. The fruit thinning agent according to claim 1, wherein the bittern component is salt field bittern, ion-exchanged bittern, or a dehydrated solid thereof. 3. Bittersweet ingredient is sprayed on leaves as a fertilizer ingredient and surfactant. The fruit tree thinning agent according to claim 1, which contains an anti-caking agent, water for equilibrium temperature adjustment, and other additives.