JPS59124991A - Refining and reforming of oil - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain refined and reformed oil readily at low cost, by feeding oil and water into the bottom of a reaction vessel packed with molten metal at high temperature, taking out formed gas from the top of the reaction vessel and separating liquefied components. CONSTITUTION:Oil to be refined (e.g. crude oil) and water, preferably in emulsion, are fed by means of a feeder 4 into the bottom of a reaction vessel 1 packed with molten metal (e.g. lead) at 300-800 deg.C to cause reaction of the oil with water under heat and pressure in the presence of the molten metal 2. The reaction reduces molecular weight, removes impurities and gasify the oil. The gasified oil is taken out through an unloading aperture 6, led into a cooler 7 for cooling and liquefaction and is collected in an oil container 8. The non- liquefied gas component is led into a gas container 9 for recovery. Carbide coming up on the surface of the molten metal 2 is carried out of the system on a discharging conveyer 5.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for removing impurities from oil and adjusting its viscosity, flash point, etc.

BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, a hydrogen refining method is known as a method for refining and reforming oil. This uses a hydrogenolysis reaction,
Oil and hydrogen are brought into contact at a pressure of about 50 atmospheres and a temperature of 350 to 450°C, and hydrogen is added to the unsaturated bonds of the oil,
This method involves breaking saturated bonds and adding hydrogen to the resulting decomposition products.

However, the above method requires a high-pressure cooker for bringing the oil and hydrogen into contact under heating and pressure, which has the disadvantage that the equipment is expensive. In addition, hydrogen must be prepared separately to be brought into contact with oil, and when hydrogen production is also added, it is time-consuming and time-consuming.
This adds a significant burden to equipment and costs.

An object of the present invention is to make it possible to refine and reform oil using a simple device and without separately preparing hydrogen or the like.

That is, in the present invention, oil and water are supplied to the lower part of a reaction vessel containing molten metal at 300 to 800°C, the oil and water are brought into contact with each other under heating and pressure by the molten metal, and the generated gas is transferred to the upper part of the reaction vessel. The present invention provides a method for refining and reforming oil, which is characterized in that the oil is extracted from the oil, cooled, and the liquefied components are separated and obtained.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the method according to the present invention.

In the figure, 1 is a reaction vessel, and this reaction vessel 1 is filled with molten metal 2. Further, a heating jacket 3 is attached around the reaction vessel 1 to maintain the temperature of the molten metal 2 within the reaction vessel 1.

At the bottom 81 of the reaction vessel 1, oil and water are added to the bottom 81 of the reaction vessel 1.
A feeder 4 is connected to 'rX1s. At the upper part of the reaction vessel 1, there are provided a carry-out conveyor 5 for carrying out the generated carbide, etc., and a gas extractor 116 for taking out the generated gas. Gas extraction 1-16 is
An oil container 8 is connected to a waste container 9 via a cooler 7.

First, in the saw method of the present invention, a feeder 4 supplies oil and water to the lower part of a reaction vessel 1 containing molten metal 2. It is preferable that oil and water are mixed and supplied until they form an emulsion in order to speed up and ensure reliability of the reaction described below. Further, it is preferable that the oil and water to be supplied be preheated to some extent in advance so that the molten metal 2 is not rapidly cooled and solidified by the supply of oil and water.

As the feeder 4, a device similar to an injection molding machine can be suitably used.

The oil and water supplied to the reaction vessel 1 in this way are kept floating inside the molten metal 2 due to the difference in specific gravity while being shielded from external oxygen within the molten metal 2, a liquid with extremely high specific gravity. It receives pressure according to its depth, and is heated at the same time. That is, the supplied oil and water rise within the molten metal 2 while being pressurized and heated by the molten metal 2 while being cut off from the outside. Then, oil and water react under heating and pressure by this molten metal 2, thereby performing the 7-used product modification.

Although the detailed behavior of the oil and water in the molten metal 2 is not necessarily clear, the inventor has measured the following. As a result, the chain of the oil is cut and the molecular weight is reduced, and some hydrogen and other atoms that are bonded to carbon and make up the oil are separated, and furthermore, carbon and hydrogen are bonded preferentially. It is thought that resynthesis is achieved through the use of water. - Power water is activated at high temperatures and reacts with the carbon produced when the oil is exposed to high temperatures, attempting to form aqueous scum. , the hydrogen at that time acts on the oil under pressure from the molten metal 2, breaking the chain of the oil, adding hydrogen to the resulting decomposition products, and promoting the classification of sulfur, nitrogen, etc. At this time, it is thought that the molten metal 2 also plays a catalytic role during the resynthesis of carbon and hydrogen.

The oxygen contained in the composition of oil combines with hydrogen to form water, while the oxygen produced by the decomposition of water becomes carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide due to the carbonic acid in the oil, both of which are carbon and hydrogen. The cost of inhibiting the resynthesis of However, by combining the molten metal 2 with oxygen in a molten state and making it a metal that is easily oxidized, 1. Oxygen can be removed from the reaction system as a metal oxide, which helps the resynthesis of carbon and hydrogen. I can do it. Further, it is considered that sulfur, nitrogen, and other impurities in the oil combine with the molten metal 2 or become various gases and are not removed. In this way, the oil that has been reduced in molecular weight and removed from impurities in the reaction vessel 1 is gasified together with excess moisture, and the oil is gasified in the gas extraction stage of the reaction vessel 1.
”6. On the other hand, the carbide is floated and separated on the molten metal 2 and reduces the molten metal 2 combined with the aforementioned oxygen.

The generated gas taken out from the waste extraction port 6 of the reaction vessel 1 is
It is led to a cooler 7 and the oxidizing components are collected into an oil container 8. The liquefied components collected in the oil container 8 are roughly classified into water and hydrocarbon oil. Further, the remaining gas components are further led from the oil container 8 to the gas container 9 and recovered there. This scum ingredient is 1 o! Hydrocarbon scum, hydrogen, etc. that have not been nightized are used as the El-E component, and since they are flammable, they can be used for heating the reaction vessel 1, etc.

The separated carbide floating in the molten metal 2J is discharged out of the system by the discharge conveyor 5.

The oils used in the present invention include crude oil, heavy oil, waste oil, fats and oils, and these can be used singly or in combination.

The metals used in a molten state in the present invention include alkaline earth metals, iron group metals, boron group metals, carbon group metals, nitrogen group metals, oxygen group metals, and alloys thereof, and preferably,
Lead, tin, bismuth, barium, aluminum, antimony, and alloys containing these. The most suitable materials are lead, tin, barium, and alloys containing these materials, which easily combine with oxygen in a molten state. The reason why metals that do not easily combine with oxygen is that oxygen, which is a factor inhibiting the resynthesis of carbon and hydrogen, can be removed from the reaction system as a metal oxide, as described above.

Furthermore, as mentioned above, the molten metal 2 seems to also play a catalytic role during the resynthesis of oxygen and hydrogen, so it is important to select the one that can work most effectively depending on the target oil. preferable.

The temperature of the reaction vessel 1, that is, the temperature of the molten metal 2, varies depending on the target oil and the metal used, but is between 300 and 80°C.
It needs to be oo0c. If the temperature is too low, sufficient oil decomposition will not be possible. On the other hand, if the temperature becomes too high, the decomposition progresses and the hydrocarbons produced become too low-grade and cannot be obtained as oil even after cooling. In order to obtain a sufficient amount of refined reformate, the optimum temperature is 350°C to 600°C.

Further, in the present invention, a metal having a melting point higher than the temperature of the molten metal 2 and which is considered to be able to function as a catalyst for the bonding of carbon in the oil and hydrogen in the water is interposed in the reaction vessel 1. It can also happen.

For example, a method may be considered in which nickel, platinum, or the like is formed into a net shape, and the interior of the reaction vessel 1 is partitioned into upper and lower sections. The metal for this catalyst is preferably a metal that is resistant to oxidation so that it can be used repeatedly.

The pressure during the contact reaction between oil and water in the reaction vessel 1 can be freely determined depending on the specific gravity of the metal used and the filling depth of the metal in the reaction vessel 1, so it should be adjusted as appropriate depending on the type of target oil, etc. Bye. Although the mixing ratio of oil and water to be supplied varies depending on the oil, it is preferable to add 10 to 100 parts by weight, most preferably 30 to 60 parts by weight, of water to 100 parts by weight of oil. If there is too little water, it will not be possible to recover enough refined reformed oil, and on the other hand, even if there is too much water, the amount of refined reformed oil will not increase that much, and on the contrary, more heat will be taken away from the molten metal 2, resulting in heat loss. becomes larger.

As is clear from the following explanation, the present invention has a major feature in that oil mixed with water is supplied into the molten metal, and the following benefits can be obtained by these. be.

(2) Since the molten metal acts as a pressurized catalyst, the pressure can be easily set by simply adjusting the height of the reaction vessel and the filling depth of the molten metal, and the equipment can be extremely simple.

2) Since water is used as a hydrogen source, there is no need to prepare hydrogen separately, and there is no need to install a tank for hydrogen production (1st floor).
i. It saves time and money.

3) Even if there are many impurities, such as waste oil, the inclusions can be floated and separated on the molten metal as carbides, so the treatment is extremely easy.

Examples of the present invention are shown below.

Example 1 A commercially available engine oil was purified and reformed.

The reaction vessel was a cylinder with a diameter of about 50 mm, and lead was used as the molten metal, and the reaction vessel was filled to a depth of 50c+n. Melting the lead and maintaining the temperature was accomplished by an electric heater wrapped around the reaction vessel.

Engine oil with 50% water added is pressurized into the lower part of the reaction vessel using a hydraulic cylinder while the lead is maintained at approximately 550°C.The generated gas is taken out from the upper part of the reaction vessel and cooled, and the liquefied components and performed work to recover gas components.

The liquefied components are broadly divided into water and oil, and this oil is a low-viscosity static solid similar to petroleum, and when brought close to the flame of pine, it instantly ignited and burned.

The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 2 Engine oil was refined and reformed in exactly the same manner as in Example 1, except that the amount of water added was 100% by weight, 429 g was supplied, and the temperature of lead was 600°C.

The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 3 7 When engine oil was modified using tin as the molten metal, the same results as in Examples 1 and 2 were obtained.

Table 1

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1) Oil and water are supplied to the bottom of a reaction vessel containing molten metal at 30.0 to 800°C, and the oil and water are brought into contact under heating and pressure by the molten metal, and the generated gas is taken out from the top of the reaction vessel. A method for refining and reforming oil, which comprises cooling the oil and separating and obtaining liquefied components.