JPS59122765A - Adiabatic engine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To achieve complete combustion and considerable improvement of thermal efficiency, by fitting a ceramic liner head having a cylinder liner section to the inside of cylinder head. CONSTITUTION:A liner head 3 is formed with silicon nitride, PSZ, etc. and fitted through positioning rings 12, 13 and a gasket 16 having a positioning plate at the upper side into a cast cylinder head 1 by means of pressure insertion, shrinkage fitting, etc. While a cylinder liner 4 is formed with PSZ and fixed to the cylinder body 2 by means of assembling, casting, shrinkage fitting, pressure insertion, etc. then coupled through the liner head 3 and adiabatic gasket 17. The combustion chamber is covered with ceramic liner head 3, thereby combustion efficiency can be improved through adiabatic function while since exhaust gas has sufficient energy, it can be used effectively.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides an IWI for an adiabatic engine that prevents heat generated within the combustion chamber from escaping from the combustion chamber.

Efficiency in a heat engine is to use the amount of heat generated as effectively as possible, and various measures have been taken to achieve this. The current situation is that the waste is being discharged without being effectively utilized.

Ceramink is attracting attention as a material that can withstand high temperatures and has an IS insulation effect, and its field of use is expanding, and even in engines, conventional materials are being replaced in parts with high thermal loads. However, some devices using ceramics have been developed. However, these ceramics using ceramics merely replaced the material, and did not utilize anything other than the heat-insulating properties of the material. Therefore, only a slight improvement in thermal efficiency could be obtained due to the heat insulating effect of using the ceramic material.

In general, in combustion in internal combustion engines, under operating conditions where the wall surface temperature is low, a flame-out phenomenon occurs due to the cooling effect of the wall surface near the combustion chamber, and unburned air-fuel mixture remains on the wall surface.
A quenching layer containing a large amount of unburned hydrocarbons is formed, which is discharged during the exhaust stroke of the engine, causing a large amount of hydrocarbons to be contained in the exhaust gas. Furthermore, some of the unburned hydrocarbons are heated Decomposition and polymerization occur and adhere to the combustion chamber wall surface and the top surface of the piston, forming deposits and causing interference or seizure. Therefore, in engines where the conventional ceramic material is simply replaced, such problems have not been significantly improved.

Furthermore, in conventional ceramic engines, the piston rings are located close to the head of the piston. This is probably because the ceramic was actually in that position.
In the case of a high-temperature engine such as a high-temperature engine, it is possible to move by conventional means, and the problem can be solved by solid lubrication or other means. It seems that there are.

In such a conventional adiabatic engine that only requires material replacement, the effect of improving thermal efficiency is small, the amount of hydrocarbons in each gas can be expected to be reduced, and deposits are likely to occur.
Furthermore, there were problems with lubrication, making the engine impossible to actually operate. Therefore, the screws), the cylinder liner, the combustion chamber surface of the cylinder vent, and the suction v1
Ceramink is used for all the air valves, and the piston ring is installed at the bottom of the biston, where the temperature of the working gas is low, and the piston ring is placed at the bottom of the piston ring where the working gas temperature is low. In addition, the exhaust gas is discharged at a high temperature while minimizing the loss of energy other than that used to move the piston in the combustion chamber, and the exhaust gas is used to drive the exhaust turbine. An object of the present invention is to provide an engine that attempts to significantly improve the thermal efficiency of the engine by rotating the engine, recovering the energy of exhaust gas in the exhaust turbine, and transmitting torque to the crankshaft via an electric motor or the like. It is.

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail using the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a system to which the adiabatic engine of the present invention is applied, where E is the adiabatic engine, EX is the exhaust manifold of the adiabatic engine E, In is the intake manifold, and T is the adiabatic engine.
is an exhaust turbine driven by exhaust gas from the adiabatic engine E, C is an intake compressor driven by the exhaust turbine T, G is a generator also driven by the exhaust turbine T, and S is the rotational speed of the generator M is a motor driven by electric power from the generator G, Ma is a speed sensor that detects the rotation speed of the motor at 9 degrees, and CO is a signal from the speed sensor S and Ma. This is a controller that controls the supply of electric power to the electric motor M.

With this configuration, the exhaust turbine T is driven by the high-temperature exhaust gas from the engine E, and the intake compressor C is controlled by the output number obtained by the exhaust turbine T.
is rotated to supercharge the engine E, and at the same time, the generator G is rotated to generate electricity, and the electric power is supplied to the electric motor M via the controller CO, which rotates the electric motor M, and its output is transmitted via the gear. It will be attached to the crankshaft of engine E.

Fig. 2 shows an adiabatic engine according to an embodiment of the present invention, and in this case the engine is a diesel engine.
is the cylinder vent, 2 is the cylinder pro, 3 is the liner head that integrates the upper light of the cylinder liner and the inner wall of the cylinder head, 4 is the cylinder liner, 5 is the head to the piston, 6 is the piston body, and 7 is the cylinder head. No exhaust (suction) valve, 8 is double port inner, 9 is double port outer.

10 is the exhaust manifold, the connection to the piston
5 fixing bolt, 12.134 position Q center 1 non-gang 15.16.17 is insulating gas vent, 184 valve guide, 19 is valve guide sleeve, 20a is cooling nozzle, 2
1a, 21b, 22a, 22b are cooling oil chambers, 61
．． 62 is a piston ring.

To the cylinder, part 1 is made of cast metal, and the upper part of the cylinder liner is also integrally formed.
14. Fit the cylinder head inner wall portion and the liner 3 into the liner formed integrally with the cylinder head upper fi3.

The cylinder contact 2 is made of cast metal and hangs down from the cylinder contact point 1 to form an integral part. Almost the entire height (position across this cooling oil chamber 21)
a, 21b, 22a, and 22b are formed, and the cylinder liner 4 is fitted inside. After assembling both of the inner surfaces of the cylinder liner 4 and liner hend '3, the oil temperature in the upper and lower oil chambers was checked. The flow of the 7 ridges is controlled to the extent that lubrication of the piston rings is guaranteed.

The liner head 3 is made of silicon nitride (Sl, s
) or PSZ (Partially 5tabi
The inner surface of the cylinder head and the upper part of the cylinder liner are integrally formed, and the inner surface of the cylinder head and the cylinder liner are exposed to the highest temperature and high pressure gas during one cycle of the engine (the most heat escapes). The upper part is integrally formed with a heat insulating casket,
Since position δ of point 17 is located far away from the upper part of the cylinder liner, which is at high temperature and high pressure, the effect of improving combustion efficiency is increased, and the durability (thermal deterioration resistance) of the insulation capacity socket is also improved. I can do it. In addition, the cylinder head 1 was fitted to the cylinder head 1 by press fitting, shrinkage fitting, etc. through the positioning rings 12, 13 and the gasket 16 having the positioning plate on the upper side, so that the cylinder head 1 and the liner head 3, an air layer is formed between the two, reducing heat escape, and further improving thermal efficiency can be expected.

The cylinder liner 4 is made of PsZ and is attached to the cylinder body 2 by assembly, casting, shrink fitting, press fitting, or the like. PSZ has the same elasticity as steel, is not magnetic, and has a coefficient of thermal expansion similar to that of iron or cast iron.On the other hand, its thermal conductivity is 1/4 that of silicon nitride, making it resistant to wear. have. Furthermore, if the liner head 3 is made of silicon nitride, it will be very compatible with the PSZ cylinder liner.

The piston head 5 is made of silicon nitride,
The central part is recessed, and a stepped part is formed on the outer periphery of the lower end to prevent positioning and movement of the mounting bolt with respect to the piston body 6, and a hole for inserting the bolt 11 for connecting the piston body is provided in the central recess. establish.

The piston body 6 is made of aluminum alloy or cast metal, and has a stepped portion formed on the outer periphery of the upper end into which the outer periphery of the lower end of the piston bend 5 is fitted, and the center of the upper surface protrudes upward, so that the upper surface of the protruding portion is attached to the lower surface of the piston head 5. The exhaust (suction) valve 7, which is brought into contact with the piston head 5 and has a hole that matches the piston head 5 in the core part and connects the two with a hole 11, may have a lower surface that corresponds to the combustion chamber side. Further, the valve guide 18 on the exhaust side is similarly made of silicon nitride or PS'Z.

Exhaust efficiency 8.9 is made of stainless steel (S) due to the high temperature of exhaust gas.
US) double piping.

The insulating manifold 1O is made of a heat-resistant alloy or its inner surface is coated with ceramic.

The part facing the combustion chamber (the positioning ring 12, which is to be covered by thermal spraying with silicon nitride or PSZ). Is it preferable that the positioning ring 13 is made of Kovar or 4270? Good too.

The cooling nostle 20 is made of ceramic and is formed to have a cooling water passage around the nozzle 7.

With the above configuration, the heat generated in the engine can only escape from the cylinder to the outside other than when the piston operates, and it is exhausted as exhaust gas with a high 11ffi that still has a considerable amount of energy, which is used as power for the exhaust turbine in the next process. The aim is to recover that energy.

As explained in detail above, in the present invention, the ceramic liner head having a part of the cylinder liner is fitted inside the cylinder head, so that combustion occurs completely and unburned hydrocarbons are generated. There is no need to worry, the energy generated can be increased, and the heat generated by the engine can only be prevented from escaping to the outside, and since the exhaust gas still has a considerable amount of energy, it is possible to use the exhaust gas in the next process. , thermal efficiency can be significantly improved.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the system, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the adiabatic engine. 1...Cylinder head, 2...Cylinder block, 3@
・To the liner, 4 contested cylinder liners, 5...
Piston head, 6 piston body, 7... exhaust (suction) valveless, E... engine

Claims (1)

[Claims] A heat insulating engine characterized by a ceramic liner vent having a part of a cylinder liner fitted inside a cylinder hend.