JPS59100349A - Solar heat collector - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To constitute the titled collector easily by making use of reflectors which are about identical in their focus distances, by a method wherein reflectors formed in a rectangular state are arranged rotatably in a longitudinal direction, while a heat collector formed in a long shape is arranged so that it runs parallel with each of reflectors at the upper part of the central reflector. CONSTITUTION:As for a solar heat collector A, a plurality of reflectors 2 which is in a rectangular state and having curved surfaces whose focus distances are about identical with each other in relation to their widthward direction is arranged longitudinally on a base rest 1 forming a rectangular frame unit, two sets of these reflectors are arranged on the right and left sides of the base rest 1 by leaving a necessary space between them, and a long shaped heat collector 3 is arranged in a suspended state by supporting frame units 4, 4 at the upper position of the reflectors 2 and about the center position in a widthward direction of the base rest 1 by turning the collector 3 to the longitudinal direction. As for the reflector 2, a mirror plate 5 is provided on a metallic plate 6, which are supported so that they become freely turnable centering around a tube component 7 and then it is constituted so as to turn appropriately for tracking the moving sun.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a solar heat collector that collects sunlight with a reflecting mirror and generates thermal energy from the sunlight.

As part of the technology for effectively utilizing natural energy sources other than petroleum, it is currently being proposed to use solar energy for total power generation. There is a method of arranging heliostats and using these reflecting mirrors to concentrate sunlight in one place and obtain heat energy from the sunlight. To give an example of the device configuration, for example, a large number of devices are installed over a wide area.
0) A reflector is used to collect sunlight on a collector located at a high place in the tower and obtain heat from the collector. According to such a conventional device configuration, for example, The diameter is about 50 nl, and the area in which the heliostanoto is installed is about 10,000 m2, making it an extremely large-scale equipment configuration.In addition, the above-mentioned reflector can be used to efficiently collect light from a single point or from far away. In order to send the reflected light to the heat collector on the tower of Each reflector has a different focal length.The reflectors are installed so that they can be tilted independently at appropriate angles with respect to the pillars that support them, and as the sun moves, the reflectors independently reflect the sun. It is controlled to track and tilted.

Therefore, the above-mentioned conventional solar heat collecting device has a large overall scale and requires a vast site, and also has large space.

It is troublesome to make reflectors, and each reflector is thick.

It is necessary to include all mechanisms and drive devices for solar tracking, and to control each reflector independently for solar tracking, resulting in a complex configuration and high cost. have.

We also used gutter-shaped parabolic mirrors, Fresnel lenses, etc.

Concentrating solar heat collectors are known. Konera is capable of collecting heat at high temperatures, but all of them use large-area mirrors and lenses and are subject to large wind pressure, so they require tracking and support devices or dogs, which inevitably increases costs.

As a method to solve these drawbacks, a solar light condensing device is known in which a large number of short, convex plane mirrors are lined up and moved by the same angle by a link mechanism (71'i' 1987-27347). . This is because the area of each plane mirror is small and the whole plane is flat, so the wind pressure load is small (
, which solves the above drawbacks, but since each mirror surface is a plane mirror, the condensing ratio cannot be large, and in order to obtain a sufficiently large condensing ratio, the number of mirrors must be extremely large. There was a problem.

The present invention has been made in view of the problems of the conventional concentrating solar heat collectors as described above, and to provide a solar heat collector with a novel configuration that effectively solves the problems.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a small and lightweight device that is easy to install, and also has a simple configuration by using a plurality of reflecting mirrors having approximately the same focal length, and a solar tracking mechanism and drive. It is an object of the present invention to provide a solar heat collecting device which is designed to simplify the structure of the device, thereby making the manufacturing cost low, and in addition, maintains a high light concentration ratio.

A feature of the present invention is that the above object is achieved by forming a plurality of reflecting mirrors into rectangular shapes having curved surfaces with approximately the same focal length;
These reflectors are rotatably arranged side by side so that they have rotation axes in the direction of their entire length, while a heat collector consisting of a heat collecting pipe and heat collecting plates on both sides of the heat collecting pipe is formed into an elongated shape. A heat collector is arranged above the central reflector and at a position lower than the focal length of the reflector so as to be parallel to each reflector, so that the sunlight reflected by each reflector is always focused on the above-mentioned reflector. The reason is that it is configured so that it is irradiated onto a heating device.

A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to all the accompanying drawings.

1 and 2 do not show the overall structure of the solar heat collecting device according to the present invention, FIG. 1 is a side view of the solar heat collecting device, and FIG. 2 is a plan view of the solar heat collecting device.

The solar heat collecting device A according to the present invention has a base 1K that forms a long sword-shaped frame when viewed from above, and a base 1K that has a rectangular shape as shown in FIG. 2 and has approximately the same focal length in the width direction. Reflector 2'ff with curved metal (fo): For example, 10 mirrors are arranged in the vertical direction in the figure, and the 10-reflector set is opened in the required space S+ of the rough metal, and the left and right [2 sets (B and C) At the same time, the elongated heat collecting device 3 is mounted in the longitudinal direction of the base 1 at a position above the reflecting mirror 2 and at a substantially central position in the width direction of the base 10 by means of support frames 4, 4. It is arranged in a suspended state. As shown in FIG. 1, the positional relationship between the reflecting mirror 2 and the heat collecting device 3 is, for example, the positional relationship between the base and the apex of an equilateral triangle.

As shown in FIG. Both ends of the tube member 70 are supported so that the entire reflecting mirror 5 can rotate around the tube member 70, and can be rotated as appropriate to track the moving sun by a mechanism as will be described later. Reference numeral 8 in each figure denotes a part provided with a drive device for fully rotating each of the reflecting mirrors 2, and a power transmission mechanism for rotation is disposed in the space S1. Details of this drive device and power transmission mechanism will be described later.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 4, the heat collecting device 3 includes a pair of covers inside a hollow member 9 whose cross section is approximately semicircular when opened downward, and which is fixed to the inner surface of the heat collecting device 3. Shape with low conductivity
The heat collector 12 is suspended by 110 sets of rod-shaped bolts 10 and oak made of materials (-), and the cover glass 13 is placed on the bottom of the heat collector 12, and sunlight is transmitted to the heat collector 1 (for example, aluminum A space S surrounded by a wall surface 14 that generates convection
2 and other surrounding areas are filled with a heat insulating material 15 made of glass wool or the like to prevent the heat obtained from the heat collector 12 from escaping to the outside. The heat collector 12 includes a heat collecting pipe 16 located at the center, and both left and right sides of the heat collecting pipe 16,
It consists of a heat collecting plate 17 (for example, a copper plate plated with black chrome) that is disposed integrally at the lower end of the lower half of the heat collecting pipe 16, and is formed into a long shape with a cross section as shown in the figure. It is something. A medium that absorbs and transmits heat flows inside the heat collecting pipe 16, and this medium is transferred to a heat storage device or the like (not shown) by the heat collecting pipe 16, which is bent and extended downward at the end. will be sent. The heat collecting device 3 configured as described above is fixed to the support frames 4, 4 with bolts 18 and bolts 19.

In the solar heat collector AM configured as described above, each of the reflecting mirrors 20 to 29 has a long side of, for example, 2.5 mm. tn, the hearth is formed in a rectangular shape with a length of about 0.2 m. Therefore, the solar heat collector fttA is formed on a small scale, with a long side of about 5 m and a short side of about 2 m.

Next, the optical characteristics related to the heat collecting action and the structure for heat collecting in the solar heat collecting device according to the present invention will be explained.

The solar heat collector A is arranged so that its long side faces east-west and its short side faces north-south. In such an installation state, the reflector 2, which is a concave mirror having approximately the same focal length (fO), has a larger a than that of the reflector on the right (south side) in the figure, as shown in Figure 1. The reflecting mirrors 2 are tilted so that the a of the north side 90 reflecting mirrors is smaller. It is configured to rotate by the same angle.

The reflecting mirror 2 is placed at a substantially central position ((the existing reflecting mirror 2
5 is set to occur above the heat collecting pipe 16 of the heat collector 12. As a result, each reflecting mirror 20 to 29
It will be explained below that the reflected light is focused on the heat collecting plate 17 having the minimum width.

For a concave mirror whose focal length is sufficiently long compared to the aperture width, the focal length r at oblique incidence is equal to the focal length at vertical incidence f. , the incident credit β is approximated by f-fo6β, and the larger the angle of incidence, the shorter the focal length. The angle of incidence β is expressed using the symbols in FIG. Here, 0 is the sunlight incident angle, and ψ is the angle (position angle) at which the total reflection mirror is viewed from the heat collector 12.

From this, β becomes the maximum when θ is the maximum value θ~ and ψ is % (south end), and becomes the minimum when θ is 0 and ψ is 0 (center).

On the other hand, the distance l between the heat collector 12 and the reflecting mirror 2 also varies depending on the position of the reflecting mirror, and the height of the heat collector 12 is 2t.

given that, l-mu/cosψ And the reflecting mirror in the center is busy.

-]- Considering the above two circumstances, the position of the focal point with respect to the position of the heat collector 12 will be the farthest when the sunlight incident angle θ is O at the central reflecting mirror 25, and the focal point will be farthest at the reflecting mirror 20 at the southern end. When the sunlight incident angle θ is θ-, it is the closest. Therefore, if the focal length is chosen so that the spread width of the reflected light at the collector position in the above two cases is equal, the width of the heat collector plate can be minimized. The optimal focal length f can be expressed as follows, with the total width of the parallel reflecting mirrors set to 1. Here, ψ0 is the reflecting mirror seen from the collector. Opening angle (rim angle) β - Maximum angle of incidence of sunlight on the anti-reflector (='(#m+
ψ. )) θ... Maximum value of sunlight incident angle δ Reflection error angle of reflecting mirror (radian) N Number of reflecting mirrors in the width direction.

Typical case (Detsu, 'o / llo 'a・
As shown in Table 1, the optimum height t of the heat collector 12 is
. is the focal length f of the reflector. It will be slightly lower than .

Table 1 Case of δ=10, N=10 If the solar heat collector A according to the present invention is used as described above,
It can be constructed by installing two strip-shaped reflecting mirrors with approximately the same focal length in parallel, and the construction is simple, and the scale of one unit can be made relatively small and lightweight. , heat can be collected effectively with a high light collection ratio. Moreover, the scale can be increased by arranging a plurality of units in the long side direction of the solar heat collecting device A.

Next, reflector '2 (20
-29) The device and mechanism for rotating will be explained in detail.

FIG. 5 is a plan view of the reflecting mirror installation part showing a device and mechanism that allows the reflecting mirror 2 to fully track the sun as it moves;
In this embodiment, the space S between the set B and the set C of reflectors is
A link mechanism having a crank action is provided at I. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 8, the reflecting mirror 2 is rotatably attached to both ends of a tube member 70 provided on the lower surface with a diameter of 5 υ ((bearings 30...31 fixed on the base 1). a bearing pivot shaft 32;
33=', rIt is provided so that it can freely rotate around the tube member I by fitting. This rotatable shaft support structure is provided at both ends of all the reflecting mirrors 20.
As shown in the figure, a lever 34 perpendicular to the rotation shaft 33 is provided at the inner end of the rotation shaft 33 in the space S1 related to the reflector 2 of group B (ft11), facing downward, and one side of the group B The inner end of the reflector 2 on the group C side is axially supported by a bearing 35 with the same structure as above, and the inner end of the rotating shaft 36 has a structure similar to that described above. A perpendicular t/bar 37 is provided facing toward the front in the figure.Therefore, the lever 34.3
7 are arranged in an orthogonal relationship as shown in FIG. It is provided at the inner end of one axis of rotation of the mirror.

Furthermore, between the levers 34 and 37, the lever 34
, the tip of 37 and both ends of link lever 40 'X1~
- They are rotatably connected via connecting bars 38 and 39 through bins 41 and 42 inserted through the connecting bars 38 and 39. In the figure, 43 is a spacer, and 44 is a washer. Such levers 34, 37, link lever 40 and connecting bar 38
．． The mounting structure of 39 is provided between all the reflecting mirrors facing each other through a space S1%, and as shown in FIG. The lower end of the crank mechanism 47 is connected to the drive shaft 46 of the motor 45 in the figure.
= configured to be tied together.

According to the above configuration, the drive shaft 46 of the motor 45 is rotated by the crank mechanism provided between the drive shaft 46 of the motor 45, the rotating shafts 33, 36 inside each reflecting mirror 2, and the connecting bars 38, 39. If the angular rotations are shifted, the reflecting mirrors of groups B and C will both rotate in the same direction and at the same angle around the tube member 70. As a result, when the sun moves over time, all the reflecting mirrors can be rotated by the same angle under predetermined control in order to track the sun.

As is clear from the above description, the present invention provides the following effects. Since there is no need to vary the focal length of each reflecting mirror, and the structure is constructed using reflecting mirrors with almost the same focal length, it is extremely simple to structure and manufacture, and is small and lightweight. This makes the installation extremely easy, and furthermore, the tubular light collection ratio allows for effective heat collection.

In addition, the configuration of the solar tracking mechanism and drive device is simplified in accordance with the shape and arrangement structure of the reflector, and as a result, the production and installation of the reflector described in ``-'' are made easier, and the cost is reduced. It can be manufactured.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show one embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 is a lI411-[fi diagram of a solar heat collecting device according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view of the same device, and FIG. 3 is a view in the width direction of a reflecting mirror. Longitudinal sectional view, 4th
The figure is a longitudinal cross-sectional view taken perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the heat collector;
Fig. 5 is a plan view of the reflecting mirror installation part without showing the rotating mechanism of the reflecting mirror, Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken along the line 6-43 in Fig. 5, and Fig. 7 is a plan view of the reflecting mirror installation part.
8 is a sectional view taken along the line 8-8 in FIG. 5, and FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the size, positional relationship, etc. of the reflecting mirror and the heat collector. In addition, in the drawing, 1 is a base, 2 (20-29) is a reflecting mirror, 3
is a heat collection device, 12 is a heat collector, 16 is a heat collection pipe, 17 is a heat collection plate, 30, 31.35 is a bearing part, 32, 33.36
is the rotating shaft, 38.39 is the connecting bar, 40 is the link lever, and 45 is the motor.

Claims (1)

[Claims] A plurality of θj reflecting mirrors are formed in a rectangular shape with approximately the same focal length in the entire width direction of the curved surface) ~, "Reporter reflecting mirrors are rotatably arranged side by side with a rotation axis in the long side direction, and a heat collecting vibrator is formed. A heat collector consisting of a heat collecting plate is formed into a long shape, and is arranged above the central reflecting mirror of the heat collector and at a position lower than the focal length of the reflecting mirror so as to be parallel to each reflecting mirror. A solar heat collecting device characterized in that the solar heat collector is configured such that sunlight reflected by each reflecting mirror is always irradiated onto the heat collector.