JPS5875211A - Driving system with high energy efficiency - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a drive system, and more particularly to a drive system with maximum efficiency 'Jkm.
It relates to means for controlling the drive system so as to

Obtaining maximum energy efficiency when operating drive systems has become increasingly important. It is known that individual prime movers, such as internal combustion engines, have easily measurable operating characteristics, the optimum of which can determine operation for a given load output and speed. Although such characteristics can be obtained, no control device suitable for effectively utilizing such characteristics has been developed to date.

In particular, known systems for increasing the efficiency of prime mover utilization use a variety of different devices and methods related to various parameters of the drive system, which fall short of the effective maximum efficiency of the prime mover.

For example, with the aim of improving the operating efficiency of prime movers such as internal combustion engines, internal combustion cylinders with improved structures, compression ratios, fuel atomization, etc. have been developed. Transmissions have also been developed that use high gear ratios to allow the motor or engine to operate at lower speeds to reduce power requirements while still driving the load at M speed.

The present invention relates to an improved system for obtaining maximum effective energy utilization efficiency during operation or drive of a load. This system is used with virtually all types of input devices such as fuel consuming engines, motors, etc. This system is conveniently used to control the overall operation of an internal combustion engine, and thus to improve the utilization efficiency of a motor vehicle engine.

In known research and development by the applicant, drive systems have been developed to adjust the output power of the load, the speed of the load, and the adjustments necessary to minimize the speed of the prime mover in providing the desired power and speed to the load. OJ &) Transmission of the drive system based on the determination of the transmission speed ratio
A means for adjusting r is used.

In another known research and development by the applicant, the prime mover is constituted by a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, and the number of active cylinders of the engine, i.e. the number of cylinders to which fuel is supplied during operation, is adjusted. The prime mover is adjusted by adjusting the engine according to the following.

In a further known research and development by the applicant, the energy consumption rate of the brakes is constantly monitored during use of the drive system, and it is determined whether the energy consumption rate of the brake brakes is decreasing or increasing. Make decisions effectively and instantly. As a result of such an adjustment, the transmission of the drive machine is adjusted. If this adjustment reduces the energy consumption rate of the brake V-Key, then if the adjustment is continued in that direction, this adjustment will eventually be This causes the V-K energy consumption rate to increase, with the direction of the adjustment being reversed. Such adjustments are made at all times to maintain operation of the drive system at maximum effective efficiency.

The drive system of the present invention is used with loads where the required power varies at a constant rate, or where the required power and speed vary together. The present drive system is not only conveniently used in spark ignition engines, but is equally useful in compression ignition engines.

The drive system, in another aspect, actually comprises a compound device in which a variable speed engine drives an adjustable variable load. The invention also relates to determining the ratio between the output and input of the drive machine and constantly adjusting the load to obtain maximum efficiency.

In the full practice of the present invention, it is not necessary to measure drive or load characteristics since only input and output measurements are required to enable the drive system to operate at maximum efficiency.

Alternatively, the present invention includes operating such a combination device at a preselected maximum output less than the upper limit to prevent damage to the machine.

In a fourth aspect, the present invention relates to a method for obtaining maximum efficiency when driving a load from an adjustable drive machine, such as an engine, by adjusting the operating conditions of the engine.

If the engine is a Maruna cylinder engine, the invention relates to adjusting the operating conditions of each cylinder individually or simultaneously, if desired.

The present invention allows the engine to operate at optimum efficiency while at the same time
Switching from one control method to another by optimizing the operation of the load point, i.e. the engine-variable load combination in terms of economy, and using compatible control methods as described above. Regarding.

The drive system of the present invention is simple and simple to construct, yet provides simple, novel, and greatly improved energy efficient system operation.

For other features and effects of non-invention, please refer to the attached drawings7.
'C The following explanation will become clear.

In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 1, an energy efficient drive system, designated generally at 310, includes
It is shown in conjunction with an adjustable load, such as an adjustable output compressor.

Thus, in this example, the drive/load system represents a combined device consisting of an engine-driven variable displacement compressor.

As shown in FIG. 1, the variable load V is driven by an internal combustion engine 616 that constitutes the prime mover of the system. The fuel for operating the engine is a general fuel supply device 325.
from this fuel supply device 325 to the engine 61.
3 is determined by a general fuel flow transducer 62.
Sensed by 4.

If the variable load is variable compressor ■, fluid is introduced into the compressor from fluid input 628 and compressed fluid exits the compressor via output 629.

A general load adjustment controller 660 is provided to adjust the variable compressor. This controller 360 is controlled by an efficiency subtractor 6'51, which is any suitable general calculator well known to those skilled in the art, and generates an output signal as a function of a number of sensing and calculating inputs. do.

In particular, the controller shown in FIG. 1 further includes a compressor output pressure quadrature transducer 632 and an output flow transducer 666 of general construction for sensing the output pressure and output flow rate of compressed fluid at output 629.

The sensed measurements of pressure and flow are sent to efficiency calculator 361. As shown in FIG. 1, the engine's fuel flow transducer 624 also sends a signal to an efficiency calculator to determine the calculated total efficiency, i.e., the ratio of the compressor output to the fuel flow to the engine 13. Given.

A signal of this ratio is sent to a load adjustment controller which adjusts the compressor system in response to the signal to maximize the ratio and thus the overall efficiency of the engine and compressor combination.

As briefly mentioned above, the variable load may be controlled to generate the maximum amount of cash and withdrawals. To this end, the efficiency calculator 631 is combined with a mode selector switch 664 to operate the compressor to give either maximum efficiency or maximum output, or in the embodiment shown, maximum output. Can be selectively controlled. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, when using the system to maximize compressor output, the efficiency calculator ignores the signal from the engine's fuel flow transducer 624.

Therefore, control of the variable load (2) is accomplished by appropriately determining the effective reciprocal of the brake fuel consumption rate of the variable load and variable engine drive combination. Adjustable ratio transmission Th as in the known case mentioned above
Maximum overall efficiency is obtained by constantly adjusting the load Vt, rather than adjusting the load Vt. As a result, there is no need to measure any characteristics of the engine 316 or the load device (2). Regardless of engine and load characteristics,
Efficiency calculator 661 determines the efficiency ratio, and load adjustment controller 630 constantly adjusts the load to maximize this determined efficiency ratio.

When using the maximum output mode, the calculator 631 includes means for limiting the maximum output of the compressor to a preselected upper limit to prevent damage to the compressor or drive; including limiting to a preselected actual maximum output equal to the parameter of.

Although the invention has been described in connection with an engine-driven compressor, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the prime mover may be any type of prime mover, including electric motors, fluid-operated motors, and the like. Similarly, the load may be any type of load device that can be adjusted. The present invention includes instantaneous measurement of the load to provide an instantaneous efficiency ratio of a complex device represented by a variable prime mover and variable load.

According to the efficiency control method shown in FIG. 1, it is not necessary to optimize the performance of the engine or prime mover itself. Therefore, in this optimum efficiency operation, the prime mover itself may operate at less than optimum efficiency, or alternatively, the load may operate at less than optimum efficiency. The idea of the invention involves optimizing the ratio of output to input, which according to the invention is achieved apart from optimizing the characteristics of the prime mover or the load itself.

The present invention provides that the prime mover is connected directly to the load as shown in FIG. 1 or via an adjustable power ratio transmission as described in connection with the prior known case Including.

The present invention does not require optimizing the efficiency of the prime mover or the load, in fact neither of these need be optimized. Thus, for example, engine 616 may be operated at its maximum efficiency in addition to maximizing output relative to input energy.

Referring now to FIG. 2, another method for improving the operating efficiency of a driven load differs from the previous embodiment in that it uses changes in the characteristics of the engine to obtain the desired optimum efficiency. . In the illustrated embodiment, the controller includes a brake fuel consumption rate calculator 426.

In the illustrated embodiment, calculator 423 controls engine characteristics such as the timing of fuel injection to engine 416 if the engine is a fuel injected engine. As shown in FIG.
providing a control signal to an adjustment control 15419 that controls 66;
In the embodiment shown here, the engine adjusting means 466 is a means for adjusting the fuel injection timing to the engine 413.

A fuel flow l transducer 424 senses the fuel flow tv to the engine and sends it to a calculator 423 .

a load transducer 46 operatively associated with the load;
7 sends a first signal corresponding to the output speed of the load and a second signal corresponding to the output torque of the load to an output calculator 438, which sends an output signal to the calculator 426, which outputs the signal. is used in conjunction with the fuel flow signal from transducer 424 to calculate the engine brake fuel consumption rate.

As with the embodiment of FIG. 1, a mode selector switch 434 may be provided to selectively alter the control to provide maximum output rather than maximum efficiency if desired.

In operation of the system of FIG. 2, the load output is compared to the fuel flow to the engine to determine the brake fuel consumption rate, and from the calculator 426 to the general regulation controller 4.
The signal to 19 adjusts the timing of fuel injection to the engine, which is controlled by engine regulator 466. This method is therefore applicable to both spark ignition engines and compression ignition engines with injection fuel application means.

If the engine uses a carburetor or the like, the timing of ignition is controlled by controller 419 via a corresponding engine regulator 436.

In the case of multi-cylinder engines, the cylinders may be adjusted simultaneously or individually as required within the scope of the invention.

In the embodiment of FIG. 2, one engine parameter is adjusted. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, any number of engine variables may be adjusted within the scope of the present invention, including air/fuel ratio adjustments, valve timing, ignition timing, and the like.

Furthermore, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the control provided by the method of FIG. 112 may be used in combination with the other techniques described above.

FIG. 6 schematically shows an embodiment of the invention using an electric motor as the prime mover. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 6, the electric motor 539 receives power from the common power source 525 through the commonly configured voltage controller 540 and electric current reducer 541. electric cadence juicer 5
41 sends a signal to an efficiency calculator 561 similar to efficiency calculator 661 of the embodiment of FIG.

The electric motor drives a load 512'f and a load transducer 517 generates signals including a torque signal and a speed signal to a power calculator 518. A load power signal is sent from this calculator 518 to an efficiency calculator 561.

The efficiency calculator 561 receives the input power signal from the transducer 541 and the output power signal from the calculator 518, calculates their ratio in a conventional manner, and provides an output efficiency signal to the voltage controller to control the drive system. During operation, the voltage sent to electric motor 569 is adjusted to maximize efficiency at all times.

As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, controlling the voltage from the power source to the electric motor is just one method of controlling the overall operation of the electric motor to maximize the efficiency of the drive system. Thus, for illustrative purposes, this system is used with variable speed motor mechanisms having independent speed control loops and the like.

Now, referring to the embodiment of FIG. 4, a fluid-operated motor 641 is shown to drive a variable load such as a pump 612. A pressure quadrant juicer 642 measures pressure across the hydraulic motor 641 and generates a pressure signal to an efficiency calculator 661. A pump pressure quadrant juicer 646 connects the fluid source 628.
and a pressure signal from the output of pump 612 to generate a pump pressure signal to efficiency calculator 661 .

The flow rate of the pump output is sensed by transducer 636 and a corresponding number 8 is also sent to efficiency calculator 661. A fluid power source, such as hydraulic power source 625, is applied to motor 641 via fluid flow controller 640. Send pressure fluid.

This introduced flow rate is sensed by transducer 644, which sends a signal corresponding to the flow rate to efficiency calculator 661.

Efficiency calculator 661 determines the efficiency of the system in a conventional manner and sends a system efficiency signal to flow controller 640 to appropriately control the fluid supply flow rate to hydraulic motor 641 to maximize system efficiency at any time. Make it.

Illustratively, the efficiency calculator 661 determines the ratio of power to manpower of the system where the output is determined by the output flow rate and output pressure and the input is determined by the input flow rate and input pressure.

In the various embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, corresponding elements are designated by similar reference numerals that differ by 100.

As noted above, the various drive systems operate similarly except as specifically noted. From a broad perspective, the various methods according to the invention optimize the efficiency by varying the gear ratio of the transmission means or by varying the number of cylinders so that the engine can be operated with optimal efficiency for a given load. That includes money. Alternatively, the present invention includes constantly adjusting variable loads to maximize output-to-input efficiency. Additionally, the present invention includes constantly adjusting engine operating conditions to maximize power-to-input efficiency, such as by adjusting injection timing in a fuel-injected engine or ignition timing in a carbureted engine. The invention further includes controlling the drive system to provide a maximum allowable power or drive power within the safety parameters of the system. This ability to select the maximum power mode allows for control of the drive system in cases where it is often desired to provide maximum power rather than maximum efficiency in system safety operations 111, or where otherwise desired. Ease of use can be improved.

The above disclosure of specific embodiments is merely illustrative of the broad concept of the invention.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a drive system according to the invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing another embodiment of the drive system according to the invention, and FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a further embodiment of the drive system according to the invention. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing yet another embodiment of the drive system according to the invention. 310... Drive system V... Variable load 313.
... Internal combustion engine (engine) 624 ... Fuel flow transducer 625 ... Fuel supply source 628 ... Fluid input 329 ... Output
330... Negative Vi adjustment controller 361... Efficiency calculator 632... Compressor output pressure quadrant juicer 6
66...Output flow rate transducer 634...Mode selector switch

Claims (1)

[Claims] 16. A method for effectively optimizing the energy use efficiency of a drive system having a prime mover that uses energy and a variable load driven by the prime mover, comprising: measuring the instantaneous energy utilization rate by the prime mover; A method characterized in that it comprises the steps of: measuring the instantaneous power generated by the drive system; and constantly adjusting the load to maximize the efficiency of the drive system. 2. A method for effectively optimizing energy use efficiency according to claim 1, wherein the load is directly connected to the prime mover. 3. The load is connected to the prime mover through a variable transmission, and the method further includes the step of adjusting the transmission! F. A method for effectively optimizing energy use efficiency as claimed in claim 1. 4. A method for effectively optimizing energy use efficiency as claimed in claim 1, wherein the load includes a device that performs work on a fluid. 5. Effectively optimizing energy utilization efficiency as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the step of adjusting the speed of the prime mover to obtain maximum operating efficiency before said step of adjusting the load. how to. 6. In a method for effectively optimizing the energy utilization efficiency of a drive system having a variably configured prime mover and a load driven thereby, the instantaneous braking fuel consumption rate by the prime mover is variably configured to provide a variable output drive loss. and adjusting the operating condition of the prime mover so as to effectively minimize this brake fuel consumption rate. Z The prime mover includes a fuel injection engine, and the step of adjusting the operating state of the engine includes the step of adjusting the timing of fuel injection to the engine. How to optimize for. 8. The method for effectively optimizing energy use efficiency as claimed in claim 6, wherein the prime mover includes an engine, and the step of adjusting the operating state of the engine includes adjusting the ignition timing of the engine. 9. Energy utilization according to claim 6, wherein the prime mover includes a multi-cylinder engine having a plurality of cylinders, and the step of adjusting the operating state of the prime mover includes the step of sequentially adjusting all components of each cylinder. How to effectively optimize efficiency. 10. The prime mover includes an engine, and the step of adjusting the operating state thereof includes the step of adjusting the air-fuel ratio of the fuel sent to the engine. how to. 7. The method of effectively optimizing energy use efficiency as claimed in claim 6, wherein the prime mover is an engine, and the step of adjusting the operating state thereof includes adjusting the timing of valves of the engine. 12. Energy utilization according to claim 6, wherein the prime mover includes an engine having a plurality of cylinders, and the step of adjusting the operating condition of the prime mover includes simultaneously adjusting the operating condition of all cylinders. How to effectively optimize efficiency. 16. The method for effectively optimizing the efficiency of the use of an engineer as set forth in claim 6, wherein at least two different operating states are adjusted when performing the adjustment of the operating state of the prime mover. . 14. Claims O6 in which the prime mover includes an internal combustion engine
A method for effectively optimizing energy use efficiency as described in Section. 15. A method for effectively optimizing energy use efficiency as claimed in claim 6, wherein the prime mover includes an electric motor. 16. A method for effectively optimizing energy use efficiency as claimed in claim 6, wherein the prime mover includes a fluid-operated motor. 1Z In a drive system having a drive machine for driving a variable load at a variable speed in response to variable human power energy, a means for measuring the output of the load, a means for measuring the input, and a means for measuring the input by the measuring means. and means for adjusting the ratio of the output of the load to the input input to maximize the operating efficiency of the drive system. 18. The drive system according to claim 17, wherein the drive machine includes an internal combustion engine. 19. The drive system of claim 17, wherein the drive machine includes an internal combustion engine and a variable speed transmission connected between the engine and the load. 20. The drive system of claim 17, wherein said means for adjusting said ratio includes means for adjusting said load. 21. The drive system of claim 17, wherein said means for adjusting said ratio includes means for adjusting said drive machine. η, the above-mentioned drive machine is the first range of permissible argument including an electric motor.
The drive system according to item 7. 26. The drive system according to claim 17, wherein the drive unit includes a fluid-operated motor. 24. A prime mover 1M that drives a load at variable speeds in response to variable human energy is operated at the minimum brake energy consumption rate necessary to produce the desired load speed and total output, thereby reducing input energy. In a drive system for maximum utilization efficiency, the prime mover is necessary to minimize the load power, the load speed, and also the braking energy consumption rate in providing the desired load power and speed. and means for adjusting the prime mover based on the measured adjustment amount so as to operate the drive system at a minimum braking energy consumption rate. drive system. 25. In a drive system having a drive for driving a variable load at a variable speed in response to variable human energy, the drive system comprises: means for measuring an input to the load; and means for measuring an energy input to the drive; The invention is characterized by the fact that it is equipped with means for at least fully adjusting the driving machine and the load based on the measurements of the measuring means, so as to obtain the maximum output of the load without causing any loss to the driving system. drive system. %, Claim 2 in which the driving machine includes an internal combustion engine
The drive system according to item 5. 2Z The drive system of claim 25, wherein the drive machine includes an internal combustion engine and a variable speed transmission connected between the engine and the load. 28. In a method of operating a drive system having a prime mover using energy and a load driven thereby, measuring the input to the prime mover, measuring the output of the load, and (a) (b) selectively at any time either fully adjusting the load and/or the prime mover to maximize the efficiency of the drive system; or (b) maximizing the output of the load without damage to the drive system; A method characterized by: 29. A method of operating a drive system according to claim 28, wherein the prime mover is an internal combustion engine and is adjusted by adjusting its components. Ro0. 29. The method of operating a drive system according to claim 28, wherein the prime mover is an internal combustion engine and is adjusted by adjusting its operating point.