JPS5870071A - Method and device for accumulating mechanical energy or thermal energy in form of chemical energy and recovering at least one part of said energy accumulated in form of mechanical energy - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for m&ing mechanical or thermal energy in the form of chemical energy and recovering at least a portion of said stored energy in the form of mechanical energy. The invention further relates to a device for implementing the method described above.

There is practically no device that can store mechanical energy or energy in the form of chemical energy and recover it at the desired time in the form of mechanical energy.

Accumulators usually constitute a means for chemically storing energy supplied in the form of electrical energy and allowing it to be recovered also in the form of electrical energy. Storage batteries have the following two drawbacks. That is, one is that this device is cost effective and w
In terms of IT, it cannot be used to obtain a large output.One is that the recovery efficiency of stored electrical energy is relatively low, and is actually less than 5θ%. It is a point.

The method of the invention is possible by using a simple device that stores mechanical or thermal energy in the form of chemical energy and recovers it at the desired time with an efficiency of more than 80%.

The method according to the invention utilizes stored mechanical or thermal energy to partially separate components of a diluted solvent/solute solution (i.e. "diluent") with a low solute content. , is thus characterized, on the one hand, by forming a pure (or brush-pure) solvent and, on the other hand, by forming a solution with a high solute content (i.e. a "concentrate").

If the energy is recovered, the solvent vapor is mixed with the concentrate again to form a cloth using a steam machine (e.g. piston type engine, screw type engine, 1m wheel type engine, turbine); A solvent stream vaporizing at a predetermined pressure is brought into thermal contact with a diluted condensate stream at a pressure lower than the predetermined pressure.

The above operations are advantageously carried out substantially isothermally, for example at room temperature, so that heat losses are avoided.

Furthermore, it is advantageous to operate substantially adiabatically, so that the method of the invention can be carried out independently of external heat.

The component pairs of solvents/solutes are selected such that a highly non-ideal reactive solution is produced that has two properties:

- The volatility of the quality is negligible compared to the volatility of the solvent.

The solute present in a bath solution reduces the vapor pressure of the solvent to a much greater extent than would be the case in an ideal solution.

Examples of extremely non-ideal reactive solutions include ammonia (NH3), which constitutes one "solvent" and one "solute".
5. List the mixture with water (H2O) constituting
For example, ammonia (NHs)/sodium thiocyanate (Na8ON) mixture or ammonia (NH3)/
Lithium bromide mixtures may also be mentioned as an example.

As a solvent, in addition to ammonia, in particular, methylamine (Cii3NH2), methyl alcohol (CH30H
).

Ethyl alcohol (C2H50H), water (H2O) is preferred.For each solvent a variety of suitable solutes can be selected, but in all cases lithium salts (stium A, lithium chloride and lithium chlorate) are generally used. Optimal.

When carrying out the method of the invention, at least one solvent source, at least one concentrate source, at least one diluent outlet, an inlet connected to the solvent source and an outlet at least one steam engine having a concentrate source &M; at least one chamber for receiving a solvent stream to be vaporized and at least one chamber for receiving a concentrate stream to be diluted; one chamber and said chamber"
It is advantageous to use a type of k J'+4 which is characterized by close thermal contact with one another. During operation, this Toki device functions at near-ideal thermodynamic conditions, with 8
It has been found that it is possible to achieve a stored energy recovery efficiency of over 0%. In this device, in particular, mechanical energy can be directly converted into chemical energy without thermal energy. Therefore, the concept of ``1 limited Carnot efficiency'' cannot be applied to the device.

In the actual device, the solvent vaporization chamber has a wall that directs the solvent downwards, and the concentrate dilution chamber has a wall that directs the concentrate toward the concentrate, and these two walls are in contact with each other. In this case, if these two walls conducting the solvent and concentrate respectively are constructed from corresponding l111 or □'' surfaces of only one wall, the above thermal contact can be achieved most intensively and most effectively. can.

If it is desired to create a compact yet high-power device, it is advantageous to arrange a plurality of chambers one on top of the other forming alternating solvent vaporization chambers and concentrate dilution chambers.

The invention will be explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

First, a description will be given of FIGS. 1 and 2, which illustrate physical principles that are well known but have not been put to practical use in trenches to date.

The closed spherical flask 1 has a pressure of 8.5 atm (1 atm −1,
013:Thar) under a pressure of 77% pure (N
H3) is being neglected.

The second spherical flask 2 contains a mixture of 30% NHa and 70% water (H2O) under a pressure of 07 atmospheres. Under these conditions, these compounds are stable at 20°C, as evidenced by the vapor pressure curves. On the other hand, under these conditions, the composition of the vapor present in the gas phase in flask 2, i.e. in the upper part of the dilution consisting of 70% water and 30% ammonium, is substantially pure ammonia (98%, 6% ammonia).

Thus, by connecting the two flasks via conduits 3, 4 and compressor 5, virtually pure ammonia can be conveyed from flask 2 to flask 1. In other words, concentrates (solutions with high water content) can be prepared from diluted products (solutions with low water content). The mechanical energy supplied by the compressor 5 is stored in the flask 1 in chemical form, ie in the form of pure ammonia. For separation, it is necessary to give heat: 1tQ2 to flask 2 and take less heat itQ1 from flask 1. For example, 20
At ℃ tri % Q 1 = t, zook J Marty M et al + Q! -1, ωOkJ/boiled.

Assuming that compressor 5 is reversible, the pure ammonia in flask 1 can be vaporized and sent to the concentrate in flask 2, as shown in FIG. Therefore, the concentrate is ammonia rich (jilt, solvent rich).
becomes. In other words, the concentrate is diluted to form a diluent.

Historically, the reaction occurs only when the amount of heat Qr' required to maintain the hot air at 20°C is given to flask 1, and the heat jtQ2 required to maintain the temperature at 20°C is taken from flask 2. is held in equilibrium.

Since all of the above reactions are reversible in their occurrence, the theoretical efficiency of operation is 100% even in the case of collapse.

The efficiency of the compressor is the efficiency of the compressor 5.

If the efficiency is 90%, the conversion efficiency is 90% x
90%=81%.

In the actual operation of this type of apparatus, there are great similarities in the supply and removal of heat in each flask and in the changes in the composition of the diluent and concentrate in flask 2.

Now, a description will be given of FIG. 3, which shows a device according to the present invention that can solve the above-mentioned problems.

According to the invention, the solvent of the solution (e.g. 20°C.

Liquefied ammonia (8.5 atm) is fed via conduit 6 to the top of chamber 1 and flows down through the chamber along walls 8 under the action of gravity. The chamber T may consist of a conventional exchanger used industrially as a chamber for solutions (e.g. salt water, sugar). Chamber T is history,
For example, it may be the same as the chamber of a 1# seawater reservoir. With suitable construction, for example, French Painting Patent No. 80 filed in the name of the applicant on August 11, 19804 for the purpose of constructing a vapor separator or vapor mixer capable of recovering low-level thermal energy. -17676.

The ammonia vaporized in the chamber T is then
9, it enters the suction port of a gradually opening 10 (for example, a piston engine, screw Ml, cashier, turbine). Ammonia vapor is discharged from the tube 10 through the outlet 11 and expands, fanning a similar arrangement to the chamber 7 and causing the conduit 1
It condenses in a chamber 12 which receives a supply of knitting TJm bath liquid at the top via 3. The concentrate solution absorbs ammonia vapor to form a diluent solution at the bottom of the chamber. This diluent solution is discharged at 14.

When tensioning is carried out adiabatically, the fluid is cooled and partially condensed, i.e. 85% vapor and 15% liquid (
Miss)), exit the engine at -37°C.

In order to prevent the generation of top streak mist and maintain the fluid at 20° C., it is safe to apply a heat amount of 390 kJ/V to the fluid.

To provide this heat, the following two methods are used.

&) The engine and its discharge conduit 11 are provided with fins to supply said heat from the medium of circumference 1, and! The entire apparatus is maintained in an isothermal state as described above. b) Make the engine function adiabatically (however, in this case, it is necessary to select an engine that can function at a humidity of 15%), and -37
A heat exchanger is installed to reheat the fluid at ℃ to +kO℃.

The latter solution is particularly advantageous since it provides an effective "cooling source". That is, for example, if a countercurrent heat exchanger is used, the auxiliary refrigerant can be cooled from +20°C to -30°C.

Thus, assuming that the function is reversible, a system of this type, for every hour of ammonia vaporized, would generate 330 kJ of mechanical energy on the engine shaft, while at the same time producing 390 kJ of mechanical energy in the form of refrigerant at -30°C. Generates cooling energy.

In the illustrated embodiment, heat needs to be supplied to vaporize the ammonia in chamber 1, while heat needs to be taken away to carry out the condensation in chamber 12 to obtain the concentrate/solvent mixture. be.

This supply and removal of heat can be carried out in a simple manner if one side of the plate 16 is designed as a wall 15 for conducting the concentrate and the other side as -a for conducting the common medium. Some temperature gradient is required so that heat can be transferred from one chamber to another.

In the example shown, the average temperature of the ammonia flowing down along the wall 8 is 17°C, the average temperature of an animal flowing down the wall 15 is 23°C), and the temperature gradient ti is 6°C. Under this condition, the equilibrium pressures of chambers T and 12 are 7.6 atmospheres and 1.5 atmospheres, respectively. The pressure difference drives the engine 10 to displace the solvent (ammonia) and concentrate (
Ammonia 30%.

It is used to convert the chemical energy stored in the form of water (70% water) into mechanical energy. Output is a function of flow rate. The maximum allowable output is the vaporization capacity of the plate, i.e.
It is a function of the surface area of the plate and the allowable temperature gradient. This system functions substantially hypothermically and adiabatically.

The amount of heat generated when a predetermined amount of ammonia is condensed and mixed into the concentrate is greater than the heat of vaporization of the same amount of ammonia. Therefore, the temperature of the device exhibits an increasing slope rl=j, with the result that the pressure increases and therefore the output gain increases.

Under the above-mentioned operating conditions, if the temperature gradient between the heat exchange plates 15 and 8 is 6°C, then from the surface of the heat exchange plate 16 to
It is possible to obtain an output of 36kW/m2.

As shown in Figure i4, a plurality of chamber tubes 1, for example 7.
12, can be combined in series to form one engine 10.
It is advantageous to construct several parallel stages as an energy source for d1.

To avoid duplication, similar T* chords in Figures 3 and 4 are indicated by the same reference numerals. Furthermore, four successive stages of similar chambers, 7 and 12, respectively:
7/, 12/; 7', 12'near'',12'.

Each intermediate chamber other than chamber 7.12# of ib is
The double molecule ζ vaporizes the solvent and forms a diluent from the animal.

A German unit with a total capacity of 8 liters and 1 m3 formed of 20 sections, each with an area of 1 m, is capable of driving an engine with an output of 160 kW under the operating conditions shown in FIG.

Now, let us explain about Figure 5. In the same figure, the fourth
The same wheel as shown in the figure uses the engine as a compressor and reverses the supply circuit to form solvent and fines again from the sludge, converting the mechanical energy W imparted to the compressor 10 into chemical It is possible to accumulate in the form of In this case, the fluid is supplied from 13 to the chambers 12, 12'.

The solvent (ammonia) vapor is partially vaporized in the chambers 12' and 12'', and the solvent vapor is evacuated by 11η and compressed in the compressor 10.
2, 12), 12', 12'
14, 14
/.

Collect from 14' and 14#. The compressed solvent (ammonia) in the compressor 10 is transferred to conduits s, s'
.

9′, via chamber 7, 7/, 7#, 7
/I and steam is supplied to #ll in the above chamber.
11, the conduits 17, 17', 17', at the bottom of the chamber.
17" and is recovered δ.

Of course, the device is equipped with a solvent storage tank, a chain material storage tank, and a diluent storage tank, but the Th
Not shown due to age.

The flexibility of the device is extremely large. For example, when recovering the solvent and the 111 fabric from the diluted product, a known vaporization separator or vaporizer I#i can be used.

Optionally, the vaporizer or vaporizer can be operated with waste heat energy of low economic value. Optionally, one solar cuff can also be used to collect the solution.

In all cases, the propellants, concentrates and diluents are removed during the desired period of operation of the apparatus, especially in 17. , % 10 (Figure 4 or Figure 5) in sufficient quantities to be self-sufficient at a concentration corresponding to the optimum operating conditions.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figures 1 and 2 show the well-known principle of equilibration of extremely non-ideal two-phase mixtures with solvents of different vapor pressures and #lk condensates; Schematic diagram of the basic equipment for realizing Kimi Akira, which can recover stored energy in the form of mechanical energy, &↓4 Figure tU, multiple equipment functioning in parallel, Part 3 Schematic representation of the embodiment of the figure, No. 5
The figure is a schematic diagram of the device of Figure 4, with the circuit reversed to chemically combine solar energy. 6... Solvent supply conduit, 7... Common vaporization chamber, 8; 15; 1611... - Preparation, 10-. ...Engine, 12...Φ Concentrate dilution chamber, 13...
... Concentrate (diluent) supply conduit, 14... Diluent (
solvent) discharge section. Patent applicant Masagiri Yamakawa (#1 person)

Claims (9)

[Claims] (1) A method of storing mechanical or thermal energy in the form of chemical energy and recovering at least a portion of the stored energy in the form of mechanical energy, in which the mechanical energy or thermal energy to be stored is utilized. and solvent/I
If the solvent and concentrate are to be formed or regenerated from dilutions of highly non-ideal reactive solutions of two-phase mixtures of condensates, and the energy then recovered, a steam engine (e.g. piston the solvent vapor is brought into contact with the concentrate to form a diluent using a motor (engine, screw engine, gear engine, turbine) to form a diluent, such that the solvent stream that vaporizes at a predetermined pressure is diluted at a pressure lower than the predetermined pressure. A method characterized by bringing it into thermal contact with a stream of noodle strings. (2) The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy recovery is performed in a substantially cryothermal manner. (3) The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy recovery is performed in a substantially adiabatic manner. (4) An apparatus for carrying out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising at least one solvent source, at least one concentrate source, and at least one source of concentrate. of the type comprising a diluent discharge and at least one steam engine having an inlet connected to a solvent supply and an outlet connected to a concentrate supply for receiving the solvent stream to be vaporized; at least one chamber (1) for receiving the concentrate stream to be diluted and at least one chamber (12) for receiving the concentrate stream to be diluted, the upper 8C chambers being in intimate thermal contact with each other. A device that does this. (5) the solvent vaporization chamber (1) has a wall (8) that directs the solvent downward; the IIIM dilution chamber (12) has a chamber (Is) that directs the concentrate downward; two walls (
8. A device as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the portions 8° 15) are in intimate thermal contact with each other. (6) The above two walls (8, 15) or the only wall (16)
6. A device as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that it forms two opposing surfaces of a. (7) multiple solvent vaporization chambers and concentrate dilution chambers (7,
7', 7',..., 12, 12', 12''
, . . . ) are used in parallel. (8) Multiple chambers (7, 7', 7',..., 1
2.12'. 12', . . . ) are stacked on top of each other so as to alternately form a solvent vaporization chamber and a solution dilution chamber.
The device described in. (9) The above engine (10) is reversible and the diluent is removed.
%v characterized by being able to recompress the solvent vapor
f Apparatus according to one of the ranges 4 to 8 of the request.・Special a'-I ・A device according to one of items 4 to 9 of the fine powder range, characterized in that it uses a thin solvent storage tank, *fine material storage tank, and cloth material storage tank 〇0υ production A heat exchanger is provided between the engine (10) and the dilution chamber (12) in order to heat the recommended fluid and cool the auxiliary fluid, which is a source of cooling energy, to below the house temperature. Particularly, the device included in one of claims 4 to 10 of FF.