JPS585A - Device for forming mixture, which is easy to be ignited, from liquid fuel and combustion air - Google Patents

Abstract

A process and an arrangement for the formation of an ignitable mixture from liquid fuel and combustion air, wherein preheated combustion air is conducted with a flow chamber along a surface which is moistened with fuel for take-up of fuel. In the process and arrangement, combustion air is conveyed into the flow chamber in the flow direction of the fuel which streams off the surface moistened by the fuel under the effect of gravity. Achieved hereby is an intensive contacting between the combustion air and the fuel. The fuel is dosed in excess so as to constantly afford a sufficient quantity of fuel for vaporization. During the through flow of the combustion air, there is formed, in the contact with the fuel, a saturated fuel-air mixture in conformance with the temperature of the preheated combustion air and the temperature of the fuel. Concurrently, care is taken that the trickling film of the fuel which is formed by gravitation as well as the drag effect exerted by the combustion air passing through the flow chamber can freely exit from the flow chamber at the foot of the surface moistened by fuel, to the extent in which the fuel is not taken up through vaporation by the combustion air in the flow chamber.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In order to form an ignitable mixture of liquid fuel and combustion air, the present invention provides a method for forming an ignitable mixture of liquid fuel and combustion air by discharging the fuel in a flow space while the pre-warmed combustion air contains the fuel. relates to a device that is guided along a surface moistened with water.

It is known in burners to form an ignitable mixture by evaporating fuel into pre-warmed combustion air which is directed along a fuel-moistened surface; The liquid fuel percolates through a porous wall of the fuel chamber, which wall is arranged in a flow space through which pre-warmed combustion air flows. Fuel evaporates through the porous walls of the fuel chamber into the pre-warmed combustion air;
An ignitable fuel-air mixture is then formed, which can be conveyed to the combustion zone, where it is ignited and combusted. Regarding this, please refer to the West German patent (West German patent publication P
2912519.7-15, P501542B. 2-
15, P 5047702.2). Burners of the type described above are used in industrial furnaces or small-scale heat generators.

Very precise fuel metering is required in order to form an ignitable mixture as completely as possible and to achieve complete combustion without residue. In the burner described above, this is achieved by adjusting the oil pressure in the fuel chamber. The oil pressure is adjusted so that the amount of fuel seeping through the porous walls of the fuel chamber is completely accommodated by the combustion air flowing through the flow space. If the fuel supply is too high,
Fuel ffi, NIl can be entrained by the combustion air, and the droplets cause incomplete combustion, which leads to fuel loss and environmental degradation. A case in which too little fuel is supplied into the flow space is also disadvantageous. That is, in that case the pre-warmed combustion air heats the porous darkness of the fuel chamber, causing the fuel to pyrolyze on the fuel-moistened surface and form a residue, the nuclear residue being A risk arises of blocking the supply of fuel through the material wall. It is therefore necessary to adjust the burner very sensitively and reacting to changing conditions with only a short delay time.

The object of the invention is to provide the necessary
The object of the present invention is to create a device for forming a flammable mixture in which a fuel-air mixture can be prepared without significant preparation costs.

The above object is achieved according to the invention by the measures defined in claim 1 in a device of the type mentioned at the outset. According to this procedure, combustion air is fed into the flow space in the direction of the flow of the fuel flowing under the action of gravity over the surfaces moistened with the fuel. This provides a strong contact between the combustion air and the fuel. The fuel is deposited in excess so that at any given time a sufficient amount of fuel is available for evaporation. As the combustion air flows through, it comes into contact with the fuel, thereby forming a saturated fuel-air mixture corresponding to the temperature of the prewarmed combustion air and the temperature of the fuel. At the same time, the action of gravity and f
The flowing thin film of fuel formed by being dragged by the flowing combustion air through the moving space will not form at the lower end of the fuel-moistened surface unless the fuel is entrained by evaporation into the combustion air within the flowing space. Care has been taken to ensure that it can flow freely from the flow space.

The amount of fuel that evaporates from the fuel film into the pre-warmed combustion air is determined by the so-called Levis law.
'5chen Gaaei ) K gives a good approximation. In this regard, for example, F. Kneule, Dustrocknen, Grundraken der Chemisien Technique, No. 6, Aarau, Switzerland, Salaerländer Verlag 1959 (F. Kneule,
“Das Trocknen”.

Grundlagen der Chemischen
Technik, Band 6゜Verlag
Auerlander und Co,, Aar
au, 5chveiz.

(1959). The amount of fuel that evaporates depends on the temperature of the preheated combustion air and the temperature of the fuel on the surface of the fuel film being formed.

In a further development of the invention, the amount of combustion air that comes into contact with the thin film of fuel is regulated by a flow of air guided through the pyno(s), in which the combustion air enters the flow space. It is branched off beforehand and is fed directly to the fuel-air mixture leaving the flow space.The ignitable mixture introduced into the combustion chamber can thus be adjusted within a wide range.

The formation of a uniform film on the surface to be wetted by the fuel is advantageously achieved by supplying the fuel to the flow space in contact with the incoming combustion air. - A porous wall with a device to evaporate the fuel is not needed in this case.

Formation of the fuel film and fuel adhesion is aided by roughening the surface of the wall that is wetted by the fuel.

In the device according to the invention, the flow space is connected to the combustion air supply channel and to the outlet of the fuel-air mixture formed inside the flow space in the following manner. That is, the combustion air is coupled in such a way that it flows through the flow space in the direction of the flow of the fuel which flows down the moistened surface under the action of gravity. The lower end of the surface moistened with fuel is provided with a rounded outlet for excess fuel.

Advantageously, the surface to be moistened is of particular cylindrical design and arranged coaxially with a vertically located flow culvert which conducts the combustion air. As an outlet for excess fuel, a slit is provided at the lower end of the surface to be moistened, the width of which at least corresponds to the thickness of the fuel film at the lower end of the surface to be moistened. Excess fuel can flow freely through this slit. The fuel-air mixture entering the combustion chamber does not contain more than one fuel droplet.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the surface moistened by the fuel coaxially surrounds the flow space. The inner wall of the flow space is formed into a tubular shape, and fuel - air - is drawn from the inner space of the limb tube.
The mixture is drawn out. The surface moistened by the fuel is roughened. This helps form a uniform thin film. In order to make it possible to control the fuel-air mixture formed by the contact of the combustion air with the thin film of fuel, the surfaces moistened by the fuel are displaceably arranged in the flow space.

In this way, the size of the contact surface between the combustion air and the fuel film can be varied.

The composition of the ignitable mixture is regulated via a bypass by means of a control unit for highly sensitive regulation over a wide range of the ignitable mixture to be fed to the combustion chamber, which bypass The air supply is connected to the outflow stream of the fuel-air-mixture before the combustion air enters the flow space, the amount of combustion air entering the outflow stream of the mixture through the bypass being regulated. Adjustable by the device. Advantageously, the regulating device is operatively connected to a temperature sensor arranged in the combustion air supply channel. Depending on the temperature of the prewarmed combustion air, the spear of combustion air entering the flow space is regulated. The amount of the fuel-air mixture leaving the flow space and the amount of combustion air supplied to the fuel-air mixture via the bypass determines the composition of the ignitable mixture that is then sent to the combustion chamber. In order to regulate the two branched flows of combustion air, which are conducted through the flow space on the one hand and through the bypass on the other hand, it is advantageous for the regulating device to have at least one regulating element 2. , the element simultaneously adjusts the flow cross section of the bypass through which the combustion air flows and the flow cross section of the combustion air feed channel before the combustion air enters the flow space.

In this case, the flow cross section in the inflow path of the flow space can be changed so that combustion air is prevented from entering the flow space when the flow cross section on the bypass side is fully open. Instead of closing the inlet channel of the combustion air into the flow space, the same effect can be obtained by blocking the flow section of the outlet channel through which the fuel-air mixture exits the flow space at a position before the nozzle is connected. have. When the bypass is fully open, it is advantageous that both the inflow of combustion air into the flow space and the outflow of the fuel-air mixture from the flow space are quickly cut off, so that cold start-up or equipment This avoids the undesirable ingress of fuel vapor into the combustion air flowing through the bypass during shutdown.

According to a further development of the invention, adjusting elements are provided which are arranged in a manner that they can be shifted relative to one another.

These adjusting elements are of tubular design and arranged coaxially with respect to each other, with at least one of the adjusting elements being displaceably mounted and the flow cross-section of the bypass and the flow cross-section of the combustion air supply channel and /f. simultaneously changes the outlet flow cross-section of the fuel-air-mixture. The adjusting element has a recessed part which is displaceable in order to change the flow cross-section with respect to the fixedly arranged recessed part of the adjusting element. The extreme positions of the regulating device, namely, on the one hand, the regulating position in the "l! I pray" position, in which the bypass is fully open and the flow space is closed, and on the other hand, the regulating position in which the bypass is closed; A restraining device is attached to the regulating device in the "operating" position and in the position where all combustion air is used to contain fuel. This restraint is particularly relevant for safety and cold start.

Said displaceable adjustment element is axially displaceable 1iJ
tt, the cylindrical shell closes off the flow space when the bypass is fully open. Such a simple tooth-shaped adjustment element satisfies not only the requirements for sensitive adjustment, but also the robust form of the adjustment device that is desired when the device is employed. can. The shell is supported by a temperature sensor spring and is arranged to be displaceable depending on the temperature of the prewarmed combustion air flowing through the combustion air supply channel. A switch allows the cylinder shell to be fixed in the bypass fully open position. This switch is also a safety switch.

A fuel conduit is connected to the fuel storage chamber through which excess fuel at the lower end of the fuel-moistened surface is directed by a fuel guide, and a limb is connected to a fuel distributor at the upper end of the fuel-moistened surface. It is connected to the. The excess fuel is thus circulated and serves to form a fuel-air mixture in the new tank. From the fuel distributor, fuel flows out onto surfaces that are wetted by gravity. For prewarming the fuel, the fuel conduit is connected to a heat exchanger, which heat exchanger is arranged inside the combustion air supply channel. The thin film of fuel inside the flow space is at a temperature for the above reasons, which is slightly lower than the temperature at which the combustion air enters the flow TMJ space, and the oil component of the fuel is All of this is at a temperature high enough to evaporate into the supplied combustion air. For cold start-up, when no pre-warmed combustion air is present, the fuel storage chamber is equipped with a heating element to preheat the fuel. To prevent overheating of the fuel during operation, a fuel cooling element is provided within the fuel storage chamber.

In order to prevent the formed ignitable mixture from cooling in an undesirable manner before entering the combustion chamber, insulation is installed in the outlet path of the fuel-air-mixture and/or in the gas conduit leading the ignitable mixture into the combustion chamber. It is being

The invention is explained in more detail by means of examples in the following description.

FIG. 1 shows schematically a flow space 1 for forming an ignitable mixture of liquid fuel and combustion air. Combustion air is guided through the flow space 1 along the surface 2 of the wall 5 which is moistened by the fuel. The combustion air flows through the flow space in the flow direction of the fuel flowing down the surface under the action of gravity. The flow direction of the combustion air is indicated by a white arrow in the flow space 1 in diagram t41.

The fuel is uniformly distributed by the fuel distributor 4 at the upper end of the surface 2 and flows as a fuel film to the lower end of the surface 20 where it is wetted by the action of gravity, as shown at 5 in FIG. . At this position of the flow space, on the one hand, there is an outflow channel 7 for the fuel-air mixture formed in the flow space, one direction of outflow being indicated in FIG. 1 by a thick dashed line and by a nine-headed arrow. There is. Fuel-air-mixture 180°1e
It changes its direction and flows out via the outlet channel S without containing fuel droplets. # The mixture is guided into a combustion chamber (not shown). On the other hand, an exit channel 9 for excess fuel is provided at the lower end 60 of the surface.

The fuel outflow path 9 includes the surface to be moistened and the flow space 1.
The slit between the bottom edge and the bottom edge is useful. This slit has a slit width 11, and the armpit width is also slightly larger than the thickness of the thin layer S formed at the lower end 6 of the surface. The slit is open downward for fuel to flow out. The above configuration of the outflow path 9 is as follows:
On the one hand, excess fuel flows out unobstructed, and on the other hand, it allows the fuel-air mixture to flow out without fuel droplets.

Excess fuel flowing out through the outlet channel 9 reaches a fuel storage chamber 12 arranged at the lower part of the outlet channel 9 .

The fuel distributor 4 is connected to the rounded fuel chamber 13 of the fuel supply and is arranged at the upper end of the surface 2 to be moistened, in the embodiment shown in FIG. Ru. The fuel exiting the fuel distributor 4 is evenly distributed over the surface to be wetted, the distribution and adhesion of a thin film of fuel being assisted (by roughening the surface).

In the embodiment of FIG. 1, there is a wall 5 over which the fuel flows under the action of gravity in the direction of the flow of combustion air, and the surface of the wrinkled wall is made of ceramic with a fine particle structure. The bubble can also be made of metal and its surface can be roughened, for example sandblasted.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment having a cylindrical fuel chamber 1!1a, which is surrounded by vertically arranged flow guides 15 at intervals. At that time,
A flow space 16 corresponding to the flow space 1 in FIG. 1 is formed between the outer surface of the fuel chamber 15a and the inner wall surface of the flow guide 15. Combustion air is introduced from the upper end of the flow space 16 via a combustion air supply channel 17 . The flow direction of the combustion air introduced into the flow space 16 is indicated by the symbol M' in FIG.
and the dashed flow line. While flowing through the flow space 16 in the direction of the fuel film, which flows under the influence of gravity to the outlet channel 1B, the combustion air picks up the fuel that evaporates from the fuel-moistened surface. The fuel-air mixture is diverted by 180° at the outlet channel 19 at the lower end of the moistened surface and via an outlet channel 20 coaxially surrounding the flow space 16 and into one gas chamber 20 Gas conduit 21 for guiding the ignitable mixture through the turtle
leaks to. In order to avoid cooling of the fuel-air mixture formed, the outlet channel 20tL as well as the gas chamber 2Qa and the gas line 21 are designed adiabatic on the outside. Excess fuel flows through the outflow passage 18 to the fuel storage chamber 22.
From the storage chamber fuel is sucked out via the conveying conduit 23.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the fuel chamber 13a is porous.
24, and through this wall, fuel conduits 25, 26.2
The fuel introduced into the fuel chamber via 7 is distributed over the entire height of q124 and seeps into the flow space 16. This makes it possible to supply fuel evenly over the entire surface to be wetted. By suitably selecting the pressure of the fuel inside the fuel chamber, it is possible to cause more fuel to flow down the surfaces to be moistened than to evaporate into the combustion air introduced into the flow space. .

In order to regulate and maintain a constant ignitable mixture of liquid fuel and combustion air conveyed by the gas conduit 21,
The device shown in the figure is adjusted in two ways. One method is to increase the size of the fuel-moistened surface that is stroked by the combustion air in the flow space to the fuel chamber 15! It can be changed by displacing L. For this purpose, the fuel chamber 13a, which is displaceable in the axial direction in the vertically arranged flow guide 15, has a shaft 28, which passes through the fuel storage chamber 22 and into which the fuel storage It is screwed into the chamber's base plate 29. The shaft 28 protrudes to the outside and can be tightened with a tube 50 at that position. Tightening is tube 30
By loosening the fuel chamber 15& can be pulled out of the flow space 16 or pushed into the flow space, whereby the fuel-moistened surface exposed to the combustion air is reduced or enlarged. Ru. The contact surfaces for accommodating the vaporized fuel into the prewarmed combustion air are adapted to the shape of the flow space 11 according to the quality of the fuel, as described above.

As a further control point for forming an ignitable mixture, a bypass regulator 151 is provided in the supply channel for the combustion air into the flow space, which regulator device 151 is provided in the combustion air supply channel 17. This allows only a portion of the flowing combustion air quantity to be introduced into the flow space 16. The other part of the combustion air passes through the bypass 32 to the flow space 1
6 directly into the fuel-air mixture which is drawn into the gas line 21 via the outlet channel 20 and the gas chamber 201L. The direction of flow of the combustion air guided by the bypass is represented by the arrows shown in solid lines in FIG. Combustion air flowing out via the bypass enters gas chamber 2
0a, to which a fuel-air mixture outlet 20 with a distribution chamber 33 is connected. The bypass regulator 51 consists of a displaceable regulating element 54,
The element line, in this embodiment by the lever 55, is fixedly attached to the flow guide 15 by an angle 37 defined by the restraint device 56, 56', as shown in FIG. The adjusting element 58 is rotatably guided.

In the device shown in FIGS. 2 and 6, the flow guide 15 and the regulating element 3B are formed in one piece. Adjustment element 34
and 58 have cutouts 39 and 40 to form a bypass. In this example, cutouts 39 and 40
are identically shaped and displaceable adjustment elements 54
adjustment device 68 arranged in a fixed position with the notch 39 of the
The cutouts 40 and the bypass regulators are arranged so that they overlap each other when the bypass regulator is in the "in place" position, so that all the combustion air flowing through the combustion air supply channel does not enter the flow space 16 and is bypassed. 32 and exits into the gas conduit 21. This adjustment position is the position of the bypass regulator 51 shown in FIGS. 2 and 5.

In this position, the bypass regulator 51 closes off the fuel-air mixture outlet 20 above the distribution chamber 33 . For this purpose, the adjustment element 34 has a cutout 41
This overlaps with the notch 42 of the adjusting element 54 arranged in a fixed position, which means that the distribution chamber 33 and the gas chamber 20a are spatially connected. When the tilting lever 35 displaces the adjustment element 54, the notch 41 is displaced relative to the notch 42. The cutout 42 is shown in dashed lines in FIG. If combustion air is to be introduced into the flow space 16, the regulating element 3
4 is moved from the "!1 off" position shown in FIGS. 2 and 6 to the "actuated" position by rotating lever 55. When lever 65 is in contact with restraint device 56', bypass 52 is closed and all combustion air is directed through flow space 16. In this position the notches 41 and 42 overlap, while the notches 39 and 40 cover each other) and the bypass 3
2 are closed. The ignitable mixture flowing into the combustion chamber via the gas line 21 contains as much fuel as possible in the upper adjustment position.

Another embodiment of a device formed in accordance with the present invention is schematically shown in FIG. The flow space 43, which corresponds to the flow space 1 shown in FIG.
and a flow guide 4 inserted vertically into the hollow cylinder from above.
6 and the outer wall surface of 6. The pre-warmed combustion air is supplied to the flow space 45 via the combustion air supply path 47. Combustion air is introduced into the inlet channel 49 of the flow space 43 by rotating a displaceable regulating element 48, which corresponds to the regulating element 34 shown in the embodiments of FIGS. 2 and 6, in order to regulate the bypass flow. flows into.

The flow direction of the combustion air that has entered the flow space is indicated by a solid line in FIG. 4 and represented by a nine-arrow mark M'.

In order to introduce fuel into the flow space 45, a fuel conduit 50 is connected to a fuel distributor 51 below the inlet channel 49 into which the combustion air flows. The fuel distributor 51 consists of a ring of ceramic or, for example, metal with minute holes, which allows the fuel to seep through, the ring having a high flow resistance, so that the fuel can
It oozes out evenly from the surface of the fuel distributor ring. The fuel distributor 51 is inserted into the wall of the hollow cylinder 45 at the upper end of the flow space 43 - the outflowing fuel forms a flowing film on the surface 44 which is moistened by the fuel. The fuel flows under the influence of gravity to the lower end 52 of surface 44, and the mirror surface is roughened with a rounded surface to improve film formation and adhesion, as in the ninth embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 5.

From the lower end 520, the excess fuel that has been accommodated in the combustion air flows via a funnel 53 into a fuel storage chamber 54 arranged at the bottom of the flow space 43. At the top of the funnel 55, the nine fuel-air-mixtures exiting the flow space 45 are 18
0'' and flows without containing fuel droplets into the interior space 55 of the flow culvert 46 and into the combustion chamber (not shown). The fuel at the outlet of the flow space 43 at the lower end 520 of the surface 44 The direction of flow of the -air-mixture is represented in FIG. 14 by the dash-dotted arrows.

The displaceable regulating element 48 for regulating the flow of combustion air in the bypass 56 between the combustion air supply channel 47 and the flow guide 46 is shown schematically in FIG. It is expressed. To the left of the centerline 57 of the flow guide 46, the adjustment element 48 is connected to the bypass 56
The "in-place" position is shown in which the flow space 43 is open and the inlet passage 49 of the flow space 43 is closed, the direction of flow of combustion air through the bypass 56 being represented by the dashed arrow mark. To the right of the center line 57 the adjustment element 4B is connected to the bypass 56
is shown closed and inflow channel 49 fully open; adjustment element 48 is shown with cutouts 58 and 59
and these notches are displaced relative to the notches 60 in the wall of the flow culvert 46 and the notches 61 in the wall of the combustion air supply channel 47 in order to regulate the flow of combustion air in the bypass 56. It is now possible. The function of adjustment element 48 corresponds to the function of adjustment element 540 shown in FIGS. 2 and 5.

However, due to the joint element 48 which is different from the regulating element 34, the cross section of the outflow channel of the fuel-air mixture is not adjusted, and the flow cross section of the combustion air supply channel is changed to the inlet channel 49 into the flow space 45.
adjusted in front of.

The combustion air "actuates" the regulating element 48 from the "in place" position.
When displaced into position, it accommodates fuel which enters through the cutouts 59 and 61 and enters the flow space 43 via the inlet channel 49 and evaporates there. fuel - air -
The mixture flows through the interior space of the flow conduit 46 which is open at the bottom and is spatially connected to the flow space 43 to reach the combustion chamber.

Another embodiment of regulating bypass is shown in FIG. In this adjuster, the displaceable adjusting element is designed as an axially displaceable cylindrical shell 62. In FIG. 5 the original adjustment element is shown in its two adjustment positions. That is, to the left of the centerline 110 is shown the "in place" position of the bypass regulator, and to the right of the centerline is shown the "operating" position where the ignitable mixture contains the maximum amount of fuel. The cylindrical shell 62 has a cutout 64 for adjusting the flow cross-section of the bypass flow 63, which cutout corresponds to the flow guide 46 in the embodiment of FIG.
The cylindrical shell 6
2 is transitioned when it is displaced.

In order to regulate the flow of combustion air into a flow space 67 which is formed similarly to the flow space 45 of the embodiment shown in FIG. has a closed end 69 which closes the passage to the flow space 67 when the bypass regulator is in the "in place" position, ie, when the bypass is in the fully open position.

The barrel shell 62 is operatively coupled to a temperature sensor located within the combustion air supply passage 70. For this purpose, the cylinder shell 62 is displaceable via a tilting lever 74 against the force of a pretensioned spring 71, which is pivoted on a pin 73 of the cylinder shell 62, which is displaceable by a pull rod 72. . The tilting lever 74 is rotatably supported in a vertical plane by a carrier 75. The carrier 75 consists of a corrugated tube, the chain tube is filled with petroleum oil, the length of the iron tube depends on the temperature of the combustion air in the combustion air supply channel 70, and a tilting lever 74 is pivotably connected. This will change compared to the pillar 76 that has been installed. Carrier 75
The position of the tilting lever 7 is fixed at the point 7 caused by
By means of a pivoting movement about 7, the shizaki shell 62 is brought into the required operating position via a thruster 78 provided thereon, by means of a tilting lever 74, which is connected in a force-limiting manner in this embodiment. The position of the fixed rotation point 77 relative to the position of the rotation point on the carrier 75 can be changed by means of a set screw 79 which grips the rod 76. This makes it possible to adapt the bypass adjustment to different fuel types that are evaporated inside the flow space 67.

A pull rod 72 pivotally mounted on a pin 75 of the barrel 62 is led out and allows the bypass adjustment to be brought into the "in place" position when shifted using a button 80. The travel distance of the pull rod 72 is limited by an abutment 81 provided on the cylindrical shell 62. After actuating the button 80, if the button is released freely, the barrel 62 will spring 71.
Zero force moves it again to the operating position determined by the position of the tilting lever 74. A safety switch is therefore also coupled to the button 80.

A fuel storage chamber 54, shown in FIG. 4 at the bottom of the flow space 43 and into which the excess fuel that has not been accommodated in the combustion air in the flow space flows, reserves the fuel present in the fuel storage chamber on the one hand. On the other hand, there is also a cooling element 85, which is
It is activated when the fuel temperature in the fuel storage chamber mentioned above exceeds the 9 value determined by the predecessor. Heating element 82 and cooling element 85
is controlled by a thermostat 84, and the cough nermostat is in contact with the liquid fuel inside the fuel storage chamber. A fuel conduit 85 is connected to the fuel reservoir for refueling, the scissor conduit being closeable by a float valve 86 operated by the level of liquid fuel in the fuel reservoir. The fuel storage chamber 54 is drained by a plug 87 which is displaceable against the force of a spring, the cough plug being located at the bottom of the fuel storage chamber.

Fuel is pumped out of the fuel storage chamber 54 using a fuel pump 90 from a fuel space 89 surrounded by a filter 88 . Fuel pump 90 pumps fuel into fuel conduit 50 leading to fuel distributor 51 . Before the fuel flows out of the fuel distributor 51 to the surface to be moistened, it is also pre-prepared by combustion air flowing through the combustion air supply channel 47 in a heat exchanger 91 to which the fuel conduit is connected. It can be warmed.

A heat exchanger 92 corresponding to this heat exchanger 91 is arranged inside the combustion air supply path 70 also in the embodiment shown in FIG.

In the combustion air supply channel, combustion air preheated by the exhaust gas of the combustion or heating device flows, and an ignitable mixture flows away in the gas conduit. If it serves as combustion gas, the temperature of the prewarmed air supplied to the flow space varies depending on the air charge and that this temperature change can be used to adjust the bypass. is proven. As a variant of the temperature sensor shown in FIG. 5, the best fuel-air A mixture is formed depending on the air charge. This is because the temperature of the fuel, which is supplied in a constant quantity and is preheated by the combustion air, is also influenced depending on the temperature in the combustion air supply channel.

A further embodiment of a bypass regulator with an axially displaceable adjusting element is shown diagrammatically in FIG. Fifth,
As in the case of the ninth embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the hollow cylinder 9
A flow space 93 formed as a ring-shaped space between the inner surface of the flow guide 4 and the outer wall surface of the flow guide 95 is used for containing fuel in the combustion air. Combustion air is supplied to the flow space 9S through a combustion air supply path 96 and a flow space 93.
The water flows in through an inflow path 97 that becomes narrower toward.

Fuel is supplied to the inner surface of the hollow cylinder 94 from the fuel chamber 98,
A fuel conduit 99 is connected to the cough fuel chamber. The fuel flows out to the inner surface of the hollow @94 through the ring-shaped slit.

The width of the slit is such that the fuel moistens the inner surface of the hollow cylinder surrounded by the flow of combustion air and flows under the action of gravity to the outlet channel 101 of the fuel-air-mixture at the lower end of the flow space 95. It is sized so that it descends. In this position the fuel-air-mixture changes direction by 180° and is guided into the interior space 102 of the flow guide 95, thus forming the inner boundary of the flow space 95. It also serves to draw out the mixture.

Fuel is led from the outlet passage 101 to the fuel storage chamber 105 via the fuel receiver 105 and the outlet conduit 104 connected thereto. The fuel storage chamber has a fuel supply hole 106 and an outlet hole 107, to which a fuel conduit 99 can be connected, similar to the embodiment of FIG. - Can be used for rounding forming mixtures. For this reason, the pumps required for fuel circulation are not represented in FIG.

In order to regulate the bypass flow introduced from the combustion air supply channel 96 into the fuel-air mixture withdrawn from the flow space 95, the embodiment according to FIG. 95 is used. The course of the skeleton flow guide, in the manner shown in the embodiment of FIG. This is done through a sensor. In FIG. 6, the aforementioned actuating device for shifting the flow guide 95 is not rounded to simplify the drawing. As a regulating element, the flow guide 95 has a cutout 10B in the area of the combustion air supply channel, the wrinkle cutout transitioning over the cutout 109 when the flow guide is displaced in the axial direction;
This cutout 109 is provided in the gas conduit 111 for the fuel-air mixture. The gas conduit 111 is welded to the combustion air supply channel and forms a fixed adjustment element for the flow guide 95, which is used as a displaceable adjustment element as before. The cutout 109 provided in the gas conduit 111 lies in a plane perpendicular to the axis 112 and is in the form of a slit.

In FIG. 6, the flow guide 95 is shown simultaneously in two extreme positions as a shiftable adjusting element.

On the left side of the axis 112, the operating position is shown, in which the fuel-air mixture contains the maximum amount of fuel, and on the right side of the axis 112, the "fast-acting" position is shown, in which the bypass 113 is fully open and the flow space 93 is closed. has been done.

At the above two extreme positions of the bypass regulator, the flow of combustion air is indicated by arrows. On the left of the axis 112, the flow of combustion air into the flow space 93 is indicated by a broken arrow M', and on the right, the flow of combustion air into the gas conduit 111 through the bypass 116 is indicated by a solid line, indicated by a nine arrow. It is shown by the system. In the last illustrated adjustment position, the flow space 93 is completely closed off by the flow guide 95. For this purpose, on the one hand, the flow guide 95 has a gas-tight element 119a in the area of the inflow channel 97 to the flow space 96, which gas-tight element is arranged on the outer cylindrical surface of the flow guide 95 and when the bypass 115 is opened; The passage to the flow space 93 is an inlet passage 97 so as to be closed when the pinox is fully opened.
be inserted into the On the other hand, when the bypass is fully opened and the vehicle is running, the outflow passage 101 is also closed at the lower end 114 of the flow guide 950. As represented on the right side of axis 112 in FIG. The lower part of the internal space 102 of the flow guide 95 is closed off.The platform 115 is formed to be inclined so as to fall toward the fuel receiver 105, so that the fuel may remain in the area of the platform in some cases. The fuel is in the fuel receiver 10
It seems to be guided into 3. In this example, one
15 has a weight-reducing structure.

The table has a cap 116 placed on the base of the table facing the internal space 102 of the flow guide 95, and the hollow space 117 of the table thus formed has a ventilation hole 11B.
Care has been taken to ensure that pressure does not increase through the The flow guide 95 is centered by the guide 120 in the lower part of the flow space 95.

According to the device shown diagrammatically in FIG. 6, when the piston is fully opened, the unburned fuel is dissipated into the gas line which then carries only the combustion air, i.e. Internal space 102 of combustion air supply path 96 and flow guide 95
is completely avoided. This makes it possible, in particular, to warm up the oil during start-up of a device and to turn it off quickly without affecting the surrounding environment and without loss of fuel.

Another embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown in FIG. The device has several combustion air flow conduits 119 arranged one thousand rows apart as flow spaces. Each flow culvert 119 is supplied with fuel via a fuel distributor 120, and the fuel flows down the flow culvert as a thin film of fuel. Fuel is directed from the fuel distributor 120 to a blind hole 121 whose entire length is formed within the walls 122 of the flow underdrain 119 . The blind hole 121 is spatially connected to the flow conduit 119 via a slit-like notch 123 provided in the wall 122, the width of the notch 125 being surrounded by the flow of combustion air. The flow underdrain 119 is dimensioned to have a sufficient flow resistance to the flowing fuel so that the fuel flows uniformly over the entire surface of the flow conduit 119.

Excess fuel from the flow underdrain 119 is transferred to a fuel storage chamber 125 located at the lower part of the flow underdrain 119 via a receiver 124.
leaks to. From the fuel storage chamber, fuel is delivered by a fuel pump 126 through a fuel conduit 127 to a fuel distributor 120, as in the embodiment shown in FIG. The fuel line 127 is led through a heat exchanger 129 which is arranged in the combustion air supply line 128.

In order to prepare an ignitable mixture to be sent to the combustion chamber, in the embodiment shown in FIG. An adjusting element '130 is arranged which is displaceable in the direction , by means of which the flow cross-section at the inlet of the flow culvert 119 is varied.

By shifting the adjustment element 150, the flow culvert 11
At the same time, a bypass 151 is opened or closed, which regulates the amount of combustion air fed into the flow culvert 119, through which it can flow parallel to the flow conduit 119. The bypass 131 is shown in Figure 7 by the combustion air flow line shown in dashed lines. In FIG. 7, the adjustment element 150 includes the combustion air supply path 12B.
It is shown in the operating position that all combustion air flowing through it is directed through flow conduit 119 in the direction of arrow M' shown in solid lines. Gas pipe 132 from the flow channel outflow path
conducts the fuel-air mixture into a combustion chamber (not shown). Adjustment 9! In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the quick cut 1 position of fR150 is a position that completely covers the inflow path of the flow culvert 119.

In all the examples described, the ignitable mixtures can be controlled very precisely over a wide range of the required operating conditions,
This means that it can be adapted to different power requirements in combustion and heating devices. The mixture burns without soot and the carbon monoxide content in the exhaust gas is negligible. In this case, all devices are non-rigidly constructed scales and are simple to operate. providing a bypass arrangement for supplying combustion air in the direction of flow of a falling film of fuel forming on the surface to be wetted under the action of gravity and supplying combustion air to the flow space; As a result, a portion of the combustion air is added directly to the fuel-air mixture formed in the flow space without passing through the flow space, thereby preparing an ignitable mixture that is introduced into the combustion chamber. In this case, the temperature of the combustion air is used as a regulating variable. This is particularly advantageous if the combustion air is prewarmed by the exhaust air from the combustion chamber. the prepared ignitable mixture, the temperature of the combustion chamber and the temperature of the combustion air in the combustion air supply path pre-warmed by the exhaust air and the combustion air containing the fuel to be evaporated; The interdependence of the temperature of the fuel leads to a conditioning process in which the required ignitable mixture is developed with the required fuel content for the required heating capacity in the combustion chamber.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the principle of the flow space for forming an ignitable mixture; FIG. Figure S shows a flow space with a regulator;
A cross-sectional view of the bypass regulator shown in Figure E2 taken along the single layer line and a part of a plan view of the bypass regulator seen from above, and Figure 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a flow space having a fuel storage chamber; FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the rounded flow space bypass regulator shown in FIG. 4, and FIG. 6 shows a bypass regulator in which the flow space is completely closed when the bypass is fully open. 1.16, 45, 67.95, 119 ... flow space 2.44 ... to be moistened Surface 8.20, 55, 101, 152...Outflow channel 14.1
7,47.7G, 94,128... Combustion air supply path 2
．． 1111132...Gas conduit 32.516,115,151...Bypass 54.5
8.4B, 62, 95, 150...adjustment element 36, i
'...Restraint device 60.61; 64, 65; 108, 10946.66.
95... Flow guide 49. 68, 97... Inflow path. 55.102...Inner space 71...Spring 74.75.76...Temperature sensor 80...Potani/ Cheer H □-

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] (1) having a flow space through which at least a portion of the required combustion air can flow, the cough flow space having one surface that is moistened by the fuel; Combustion air is directed along the surface to accommodate the evaporated fuel, and the fuel-air-mixture flows out of the flow space due to the remaining part of the required combustion air that does not flow through the flow space. In a device for forming an ignitable mixture from liquid fuel and combustion air, the flow space (u, as, 6y, ps, 1
1q) and bypass (32, 56, 113, 151)
For regulating the supply of combustion air to the regulating element (54,
4B, 62,95° 100) is provided, the crest adjusting element is arranged so that when the bypass is fully open, the inlet channel (16, 45, 67, 95, 119) of the combustion air into the flow space (16, 45, 67, 95, 119) 49, SO, 97) is closed and at the same time the flow section of the fuel-air mixture (20, 101) is closed.
) is also the outflow cross section of the bypass (52, 56, 113, , 1
3i) is closed in the previous position where it is not connected. (2) The regulating element (62) is operatively connected to a temperature sensor (74, 75, 76) arranged inside the combustion air supply channel (70).
Apparatus described in section. (5) Flow space (1, 16, 45, 57, 95, 119
) to the combustion air supply path (14, 17, 47, 70, 96
, 128) and the fuel-air-mixture outlet (8, 20,
55, 101, 152), an adjustment device is disposed between the
The surface (44) moistened by the fuel then has a flow space (
45, 67, 95) and the flow space (45,
Flow guides (46, 66, 67, 95) as inner walls of
95) is provided, and the internal space (55, 10) of the flow guide is provided.
3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that 2) is used as an outlet for the fuel-air mixture. 4. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the surface (2) moistened by the fuel is displaceably arranged in the flow space. 15) Surface moistened by fi agent (2,44)
6. The device according to claim 4, wherein: is roughly formed. +6) The m1 node devices are two
6. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it possesses three adjustment elements (54, 58, 4B, 62.95). (7) The adjustment elements (54, 38, 4B, 62.95) are formed in a cylindrical shape and are arranged coaxially with respect to each other, and at least one of the adjustment elements (54, 48, 95) is displaceable. 7. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is supported by. (8) The adjustment elements (34, 58, 48, 62, 95) have cutouts (39, 40, 41, 42) through which the combustion air flows;
58, 59, 60, 61; 64.65; 10B,
10? ). Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it is equipped with: (9) According to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the adjustment device is displaceable between two restraining devices (56, 36'). The device described. (10) The displaceable adjusting device is formed as an axially displaceable cylindrical shell (95), the iron cylindrical shell having a bypass (11)
9. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the flow space (93) is completely closed when 5) is fully opened. (11) The cylindrical shell (62) resists the action of the spring (71) and depends on the temperature of the combustion air in the combustion air supply channel (70) according to the temperature sensor (74, 75, 76). Claim 1 characterized in that the arrangement is such that it can be displaced by
The device described in item 0. (12) The cylindrical shell (62) can be moved by the button (8) in order to rapidly cut off the supply of combustion air to the flow space (67). The device according to paragraph 10 or 11. (13) Fuel-air-mixture outlet (8, 20, 55
, 101) and/or the gas conduit (21, 111, 152) that guides the ignitable mixture to the combustion chamber has a heat insulating structure. A device according to any one of the following.