JPS5858335A - Excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To raise the efficiency of excavation as well as lengthen the mechanical life of an excavator by providing a system in which a reciprocal vibration in the turning direction is generated for a bucket by a mechanical vibration generator for an excavator in which the bucket pivotally supported on an arm is turned. CONSTITUTION:A link 8 is pivotally supported on an arm b, the other end of the link 8 is pivotally attached to the connecting point between a bucket cylinder (a) and a reciprocating cylinder 1 as a mechanical vibration generator and thereby the bucket (c) is smoothly turned. The reciprocating cylinder 1 gives a reciprocal vibration in the turning direction to the bucket (c) by alternately charging and discharging a working oil to and from oil chambers 13 and 14 on both sides of the piston by a rotary valve 6 driven by an oil-pressure motor 7. By the reciprocal vibration, the frictional resistance in soil of the bucket (c) can be reduced and the bucket (c) can thus be penetrated easily while crushing rock bed, etc. Thus, effective excavation can be attained. Also, by adjusting the motor 7, the frequency can be selected according to the quality of rock bed and soil.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention improves the excavation efficiency by adding vibration to the excavator packet by 1%. This relates to an excavator designed for construction. Conventional excavators have a packet cylinder a, an I/C that supports the arm bi, and a friend packet c, as shown in figure wJ1.
The excavation using the packet C is carried out by forcing it into the soil under the static pressure of the packet cylinder P or arm cylinder (not shown). Ari skin. Therefore, Packet C has a large frictional resistance with the ground when going in and out of the soil.In order to overcome this and perform excavation work, it was necessary to increase the output sound of Packet Cylinder A and Arm Cylinder. If it is hard or covered with concrete, etc., it is necessary to destroy it by impact by slamming the tip of the packet into the entire ground surface, which may shorten the mechanical life of the excavator itself or cause heavy impact noise during work. There were some problems such as The present invention completely eliminates these problems and eliminates excessive output. No need! To provide an excavator that can excavate even hard ground without impact damage.There are two types of invention configurations that meet these objectives. ``In an excavator in which a packet pivoted on an arm is fully rotated by a packet cylinder, a mechanical vibration generating device ft' is provided, and the device VC generates a reciprocal vibration in the rotational direction of the packet. An excavator designed to allow
Yes. The second thing is. [In an excavator configured to rotate by a No. 6 packet pivotally supported on an arm by a packet cylinder, the excavator is equipped with a mechanical vibration generator, which causes the packet to generate reciprocating sound in the direction of rotation. At the same time, there is a spring arrangement that applies a vibration bullet to the reciprocating swing h of the packet.

[7'ft excavator]. Next, a conceptual explanation of the effects of the first and second inventions will be given. In the first invention, a reciprocating vibration sound is generated in the rotational direction of the packet using a mechanical vibration generator. This reciprocating vibration is designed to provide vibrations at any frequency suitable for destruction depending on the soil quality, and is designed to provide sufficient excitation force to cause vibration even when pressed into the soil. There are n. Theory J: Experience F As is well known, when an object is pressed into the soil and the vibration sound rays return in the direction of the press-in, the earth and sand are in pressure contact with the object and the surrounding surface of the object. Since the frictional resistance between the press and the like is reduced, the packet in the present invention can also be shaken repeatedly in the soil, and the press-fit resistance is small, so even with a very small press-in force, the packet can be inserted and removed at all times. t7? - It can be press-fitted even on hard ground and oily ground without applying impact. Therefore, if a mechanical vibration generating device provided in the present invention causes the packet to vibrate back and forth, and then presses the packet into the soil using a packet cylinder or the like, it is possible to obtain the same excavation ability as the conventional example, although with a small output. ,Energy Conservation,
It is highly effective in extending mechanical life and preventing noise. The second invention is one in which, in addition to the first invention, a spring is installed to apply the full vibration elastic force to the reciprocating vibration of the packet. This spring has a forced double action as the total external force of the excitation force of a mechanical vibration generator, and its natural frequency (bucket) is k mass (mass), and the spring? The natural frequency of the spring system (the natural frequency of the spring-mass system) is selected to be within the reciprocating frequency range of the packet, and is configured to resonate with the packet. Therefore, is the packet vibrated back and forth by the mechanical vibration generator? It is installed when you start
Since the vibration elastic force of the sedge ring is added to this, a force larger than V is generated, and the crushing force of the packet is doubled. Therefore, the second invention is Nagato"j58-58335
(3) The excavation performance can be further improved than the first invention. Now, as an example of further embodying the concept structure of such an invention, examples include the first and second embodiments for the first invention, and the third to 41st embodiments for the second invention. Illustrates detailed explanations and sounds. In the examples, a, b, and c are a packet cylinder, an arm, and a packet, respectively, and the arm cylinder, boom; swivel platform, driver's cab, vehicle, etc. are not shown, but are constructed of known components. . The first embodiment is shown in Fig. 2. First, the mechanical vibration generator used here will be explained. Reference numeral 1 designates a reciprocating cylinder constituting the apparatus, in which a cylinder tube 11 is connected to the rod end a of the packet cylinder, and a piston rod 12 is connected to the bracket C1 of the packet C, interposed between the packet C and the packet cylinder 8. I am wearing it. When this reciprocating cylinder discharges hydraulic oil alternately into the piston side oil chamber I3 and the rod side oil chamber 14, the piston rod 12
(back and forth sound line repeating bucket) O? 17 It is designed to be able to vibrate back and forth in the direction of rotation. 2.3 is the piping connected to the piston side oil chamber 13 of the reciprocating cylinder 1, and the piping connected to the rod side oil chamber 14.
-2π4,5 are the pipes connected to the hydraulic power source and the tank. This is a tachometer installed in a suitable position on the swivel table with a mechanism interposed between the 6 pipings 2 and 3° 4.5, and is rotated by a hydraulic motor 7, which will be described later. Connect to? Repeatedly lubricate and at the same time arrange the piping 5r.
3 and 2 are connected alternately to drain the oil repeatedly ○ And in this way, the hydraulic oil is used to control the draining of the reciprocating cylinder "1 is reciprocating vibration? Repetitive packet Q
It is designed so that it can be shaken. The front oil distributing soil motor 7 is a well-known variable valley type oil soil motor, and the operator on the driver's seat can change the number of revolutions tA vertically to 6 rotations. Number control? It's becoming more and more popular. Therefore, it is possible to adjust the rotation speed of the tachometer 6 as desired by the operator by adjusting the variable capacity hydraulic motor 7, and the control for starting and stopping the vibration of the reciprocating cylinder 1, and increasing and decreasing the vibration frequency is fully controlled. It looks like a pear vine. In addition to the mechanical vibration generating device constructed as shown above, eight links are pivoted on arm b, and the other end of the links 8 is connected to the connection between the packet cylinder a and the reciprocating cylinder. The axis of the packet cylinder a (!fibrillation and therefore the bucket)
00 times 1Xljv yen? There is no work that can be done to N. According to this embodiment, the reciprocating cylinder vibrates the packet ck while crushing rock, etc., while maintaining the sound range of frictional resistance in the soil. Since it is press-fitted, all excavation work can be carried out efficiently. - Also, the range of applications is wide because it is possible to select a motion number suitable for crushing soil, bedrock, concrete, etc. Next, a second embodiment will be explained based on FIG. 3. The main feature of this embodiment is that it is mainly composed of a mechanical (heartbeat generator? swinging motor).The swinging motor 9 is a known one, and the bracket b+
At the same time, the motor shaft is connected to the pivot shaft of the packet O, and the repetitive rotation of the swing motor 9 is directly transmitted to the packet C, causing the packet to vibrate reciprocally in the direction of rotation. It is structured like this. The rest of the configuration is not particularly different from the first embodiment described above, so the explanation will be omitted, but its operation is the same as in the first embodiment. The receiver can go in and out of the soil and perform efficient excavation work. Next, a third embodiment, which is an embodiment of the second invention, will be explained in order of presentation. FIG. 4 shows a third embodiment, in which a front link 81, a rear link 82. A parallel link is formed by the connecting link 83, and a piston rod 6,000 a' of a packet cylinder is connected to the rear link 82.
The previously mentioned reciprocating cylinder 1 is interposed between the front link 81 and the packet C, and the front link 81 and the packet C are arranged in parallel with the reciprocating cylinder 1. A spring 10 is installed between them. 84 and C2 are seats for the spring IO. Although the piping, rotary valve, oil motor, etc. associated with the reciprocating cylinder 1 are not shown, they are equipped 7 in the same manner as in the first embodiment. (The same applies to the fourth to ninth embodiments) Since this embodiment is configured in this way, in addition to the excitation force of the mechanical vibration generator, as described in detail in the explanation of the configuration of the second invention, the spring Since the vibration elastic force of 10 is added, the vibration force of packet 0 is further strengthened, which is effective in improving the crushing force. Next, an explanation will be given based on the fifth example of the fourth embodiment. In this embodiment, a reciprocating cylinder 1 is connected between the upper end of the link 8 which is pivotally supported on the arm b and the bracket Oi of the packet 0.
and spring 10 are connected in series and valve-equipped. The piston rod a1 of the packet cylinder a is connected to the upper end of the link 8. Therefore, in this embodiment as well, the reciprocating cylinder 1? Main mechanical vibration generator and spring 10
The entire excavation work can be carried out while the packet cylinder A and the like are rotated to the ERI packet O' while the packet location is vibrated by the excitation force. 13 FIG. 6 shows a fifth embodiment, in which arm b
Upper vci 1 part link 81. 82 rear links are supported with 1 reciprocating cylinder at each end. Concatenated and parallel links? The rear link 82 has a packet cylinder a at the seventh end al.
The piston rods of the front link 81 are connected to each other, and the COD holder has a spring 1 between the seats 84 and the bucket.
0 is installed. In this embodiment as well, the reciprocating cylinder 1 has a mechanical vibration generator mainly composed of purple and a spring 1.
The entire excavation work can be carried out while the bucket c is vibrated by an excitation force of 0 and the bucket is rotated by the packet cylinder a or the like. FIG. 7 shows a sixth embodiment, in which a reciprocating cylinder 1r is connected to the upper ends of each of a front link 81 and a rear link 82, and a piston rond a of a packet cylinder a is connected to the rear link 82. At the same time, a spiral spring 10"k is installed between the front link 81 and the proper position of the packet 0. In this embodiment as well, a mechanical vibration generator having a reciprocating cylinder "1 tone body" and a spiral spring 10' are installed.
The excavation work 7 can be carried out by rotating the packet ak using the packet cylinder a or the like while causing the bucket rope 14 to vibrate due to the excitation force. FIG. 8 shows the seventh embodiment, and this embodiment is similar to the second embodiment in that a swing motor 9 is connected to the pivot shaft of the packet O to vibrate the packet c sound. Moreover, in this embodiment, a spring 10 is installed between the half-row link 8 and the upper end of the front link 0 and the rear link 0. In this embodiment as well, the entire excavation work can be carried out by rotating the packet o with the packet cylinder a etc. while causing the eli packet ak to be shaken by the excitation force of the mechanical vibration generator mainly including nine swing motors and the spring 10. It is something. FIG. 9 shows an eighth embodiment, and this embodiment is similar to the seventh embodiment, in which the swing motor 9 is connected to the pivot shaft of the group packet c, and the upper end of the half-row link 8 has a section 811 IcI' - There is a spiral spring layer between link 81 and packet c at the appropriate location. In this implementation ψU, the packet C is rotated by the packet cylinder a, etc. while vibrating the packet C7,1- by the excitation force of the mechanical vibration generator mainly consisting of nine rocking motors and the thinly wound sgurine h15 and 10'. It can be used for excavation work. Next, a ninth example will be explained. The non-embodiment belongs to the development of the 3.4 and 5.7 embodiments explained in Section 1, and is the resonance region of the spring 10. This has been improved so that it can be set variably. The excitation frequency of the reciprocating cylinder 1 or the oscillating motor 9 can be set arbitrarily high or low by adjusting the rotational speed of the rotary valve 6.As detailed in the explanation of the concept of the invention, the spring It would be advantageous if the ten resonance regions could also be set variably, since the range of application of vibration excavation would be expanded. One way to do this is to prepare several types of springs with different natural frequencies in advance, select the appropriate spring ring, and install it. As a simpler method, we propose a method in which all spring attachment points (N force points) are changed. This method applies the principle of a lever, and will be explained with reference to the conceptual diagram shown in FIG. 1O, which is a development example of the third embodiment. In the figure'j, IBn'V15B
-58335'C5), where X is the distance between the pivot axis center of packet c (i.e. vibration center) and the mounting point N4 (N force point) of the spring 10, k is the spring constant, and 1 is from the axis to the bucket center of gravity. The distance MIILmU packet quality m' is
Here, the resonant frequency of the spring 10 is expressed as f. Therefore, from this equation, it can be seen that the resonant range of the spring 10 is proportional to the distance. That is, the resonant frequency increases when the spring I (Nr) is moved away from the pivot shaft, and decreases when it is moved closer. Therefore, in this embodiment, the spring 10'k and the receiver of the spring 10 are fitted on the layer side of the seat (84, On). The protrusions are provided on the packet σ side and the link 81 side VC41 (on the side of the spring 10) by drilling an appropriate number of fitting holes into which the fitting protrusions are to be fitted, and by fitting the fitting protrusions into the seats of these fitting holes.
The installation of the fish hold may be changed, or the receiver may be replaced with a seat (
84, am)? When attaching to the slide plate devices provided on the packet c side and the link 81 side, take appropriate measures such as slidingly displacing the plate by an appropriate amount fK. I'm trying to be able to do that. In the ninth embodiment, the resonance range of the spring 10 can be set variably in this way, so a resonance frequency suitable for the excavated soil can be selected, resulting in more effective excavation work due to efficient excavation and crushing of rock, etc. (7) As described above in detail with reference to each of the embodiments, if the present invention is implemented in five ways,
Bucket lok vibration! : Since it excavates while drilling, it has a small output but exhibits more excavation performance than conventional models.Also, there is no need for impact crushing during crushing excavation, etc., which extends the mechanical life of the excavator and eliminates the need to emit impact noise. 0

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is the groove diagram of the conventional example, Figures 2 to 9, white are from the book 1 and 2.
The configuration diagrams of the first to eighth embodiments according to the invention, and FIG. 10 are conceptual explanations of the ninth embodiment. Packet cylinder a Arm; b Packet; C Reciprocating cylinder; 1 #a18 Swing motor; 9 Spring i 10 Spiral spring;] 0' No. 9r2 -181-

Claims (8)

[Claims] (1) A mechanical vibration generator in an excavator that rotates a bucket lr supported on an arm by a packet cylinder? An excavator characterized in that the device is configured to cause the packet to generate reciprocating vibration noise in the rotational direction. (2) The excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanical vibration generator is interposed between all the reciprocating cylinder packets and the packet cylinder. (3) Is the swing motor included in the mechanical vibration generator 1 connected to the pivot shaft of the tray packet? An excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: (4) Packet cylinder VC, an excavator that rotates on a packet' pivoted on an arm, is equipped with a mechanical vibration generator, and the # device generates reciprocating vibration in the direction of rotation on the front six pistons. A spring that generates sound M, 2 and also adds vibration force to the reciprocating vibration of the packet? Is it okay to wear it? Excavator features. (5) A reciprocating cylinder that constitutes a mechanical vibration generator; one end of the reciprocating cylinder is connected to the packet cylinder, and the bent end is connected to the packet cylinder, and the link between the connecting part of the reciprocating cylinder and the packet cylinder and the arm is connected to a suitable position and a link that connects the packet to the I9 [Spring between? The excavator according to claim 4, characterized in that it is equipped. (6) Mechanical vibration generator? 5. The excavator according to claim 4, wherein the reciprocating cylinder and the spring r are connected in series and a connecting valve is installed between the packet and the packet cylinder. (7) Mechanical vibration generator? One end of the constituting reciprocating cylinder is pivoted to the arm 7'? -f&? U (connected to the packet cylinder via a link, the VC bent end is connected to the front link pivoted on the arm near the packet, and a spring is installed between the other end or the front link and the packet) The excavator according to claim 4, characterized in that: (7) one end of the reciprocating cylinder constituting the mechanical vibration generator is connected to the packet cylinder via a rear link sluice pivoted to the arm; An excavator according to claim 4, characterized in that the end is connected to a front link pivotally supported on an arm near the packet, and a spring attachment point is provided between the other end or the front link and the packet. . (8) Mechanical vibration generator ff1 - one end of the reciprocating cylinder that constitutes it? It is connected to the packet cylinder via the rear link that is pivoted on the arm, and the other end is connected to the front link that is pivoted on the arm near the packet, and a spiral spring is installed between the front link and the rear link. An excavator according to claim 4, characterized in that: (9) Is the mechanical vibration generator 'ir configured with a swing motor connected to the packet and a spring attachment point between the packet cylinder or a link connected to the packet cylinder and the packet? An excavator according to claim 4 characterized by: θ() Mechanical vibration generator rt configuration ゛ → ru lj W motion motor ke connected to the packet - r ot and tl mi A spiral spring ket was installed between the link connected to the back cut cylinder and the back cut Excavator in section 4 of the scope of the feature I have. σD Packet (til
The spacing at the spring attachment point 1 of l can be adjusted to suit your needs.