JPS5857643B2 - Swirling fluidized bed incinerator - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention relates to a swirling fluidized bed incinerator.

As is well known, dust includes so-called kitchen waste such as vegetable or animal food scraps, miscellaneous garbage such as paper, fibers, wood, bamboo, plastics, rubber, leather, and fallen leaves, as well as earth, sand, glass, and metal. Including etc.

Of these, kitchen waste and miscellaneous waste contain approximately 60-70% water.
Although it is flammable, earth and sand, glass, metal, etc. are non-flammable.

There is almost no difference in the ratio of these combustibles to non-combustibles by region in cities, and in the case of mixed waste (mixed collection),
The combustible content is approximately 80%, and the non-combustible content is 20%.

In addition, pulp waste liquid, sulfuric acid slag from petroleum refining, and various other combustible materials contain noncombustible materials, although there may be slight differences.

However, conventional incinerators do not take into consideration the treatment of incombustible materials such as stones, glass, and metals that exist within the incineration materials, with the exception of a few. Even with the installation of equipment and crushing equipment, efficient incineration could not be achieved.

Similar problems also arise when incinerating combustible materials other than garbage, such as pulp waste liquid and sulfuric acid slag, which are mixed with noncombustible materials.

The present invention aims to provide an apparatus for efficiently and inexpensively processing materials to be incinerated that contain incombustible substances, especially materials containing a large amount of water.

Conventionally, waste materials are put into a slanted fire bed from above, and air is blown from below and air is blown up along the diagonal baffle plate above to create a circulating flow. No. 46-3737 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 46-892)
There is a device that is equipped with a 1X self-loading device, but this method does not provide sufficient circulation, and since it is a one-stage combustion method in which the waste is fed into the device, combustion is not necessarily sufficient. In addition, the waste is introduced through the opening at the top of the furnace, and the air blown from the air diffuser installed above the filled waste forms a fluidized bed in a single part of the filled waste, which is then combusted and non-combustible materials are removed from the bottom. There is also a one-stage combustion system, such as the one described in JP-A-49-108,856, in which the fuel is discharged using a screw conveyor, but this method does not provide sufficient combustion in a fluidized bed.

Furthermore, waste with a high moisture content results in incomplete combustion.

In addition, a paddle feeder is installed at the bottom of the furnace, and the waste is conveyed into the furnace from one side, and a fluidized bed is formed by blowing air up from below the paddle feeder, the burner, and the air diffuser above it. This combustion device is described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 52-90174 filed by the present applicant.

This method also cannot achieve complete combustion because it is a single-stage combustion device.

In addition, the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 54-401 (to) 95016/1983 related to the present applicant's invention is
Unlike the device in Publication No. 90174, the waste is dropped from the upper part of the combustion furnace and dropped onto an inclined grate to partially burn it, and the waste that falls through the gap is pulverized on the paddle feeder. , a combustion swirl layer is formed by blowing air up from below the paddle feeder and air blowing up from above and below the above-mentioned inclined grate, but this is a two-stage combustion device and combustion occurs completely. However, this slanted grate is damaged and is subject to significant corrosion due to the handling of waste with a high moisture content, and the cost, effort, and repair required to install it are enormous.

The swirling fluidized bed incinerator of the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems.

In the device of the present invention, the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application No. 54-401
As can be seen from the specifications and drawings of Publication No. 95016, the burner is installed diagonally downward from the top without installing an expensive slanted grate, and the water-rich waste pulverized by the paddle feeder is fed from below. However, even with this, the upward blowing may not be sufficient, so the air that has been heat exchanged outside the furnace is blown into the furnace from the header pipe through the diffuser pipe. The pulverized material is floated to the swirling layer in two stages to ensure sufficient
Furthermore, the air from the wind box is ejected diagonally upward from one wall of the furnace and diagonally downward from the inner surface of the opposite wall to completely create a combustion swirling fluidized bed, which is then combusted by a powerful burner. is completely carried out, and the heating medium (
By introducing a heat transfer circulation system in which the sand (sand) is discharged from the paddle feeder and then introduced diagonally downward from above the paddle feeder of the furnace, a swirling layer is sufficiently formed and thermal efficiency is increased to achieve efficient combustion. This enables complete incineration at low cost.

That is, a paddle feeder is provided in the lower part of the incinerator body, which is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 55, filed by the present inventor.
It is based on the incinerator according to the invention described in Publication No. 3604, and is equipped with a hollow model rotating body (paddle) and a trough, and heat is exchanged with an air diffuser tube equipped with a plurality of orifice nozzles at the top of the paddle feeder. A wind box equipped with multiple orifice nozzles is installed on the side surface of the furnace body above the diffuser pipe to disperse and blow pressurized air to fluidize the heat medium, and the heat-exchanged pressurized air is communicated with the wind box. The heating medium is dispersed and blown through a heated pipe, the heat medium is swirled in a fluidized bed, the material to be incinerated is put into the swirling fluidized bed, and the material to be incinerated can be instantly dried and combusted. If the material to be incinerated is large and sinks to the bottom of the swirling fluidized bed with poor combustion, the paddle feeder rotates to re-crush the material to be incinerated, actively promote stirring and mixing with the heating medium, and prepare it for the paddle feeder trough. Swirling fluidized bed incineration enables continuous conveyance of incombustibles in the incineration material by dispersing and blowing pressurized air that has undergone heat exchange through multiple orifice nozzles and returning it to the swirling fluidized bed for complete combustion. This is a device in which a large number of orifice nozzles are provided in a paddle feeder trough, the outside of this trough is wrapped in a plurality of wind boxes, the large number of orifice nozzles are communicated from these wind boxes to the paddle feeder trough, and the paddle feeder shaft is hollow. Air is blown into this hollow shaft in the opposite direction to the direction in which the noncombustible materials are conveyed, and then the air is sent to the above-mentioned air box which receives hot air from the pressurized hot air duct that pumps the heated air that has been heat exchanged outside the furnace. Pressurized hot air is sent into the trough from a number of orifice nozzles provided in the paddle feeder trough to fluidize the heat medium in the paddle feeder, protect the hollow model rotating body (paddle), and protect the paddle shaft. The material to be incinerated is re-shredded due to poor crushing in the pre-treatment process due to the rotation of the pre-treatment process, and has sunk to the bottom of the swirling fluidized bed with large defects in combustion. This is a swirling fluidized bed incinerator that allows for complete combustion and continuous transportation of non-combustibles in the incinerated materials.

The apparatus of the present invention will be explained below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the concept of the device of the present invention.

Also, Figures 2, 3, and 4 are A of Figure 1, respectively.
-A, BB and CC cutting plan views.

FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along line DD in FIG. First, a paddle feeder is provided at the bottom of the furnace body 1 for re-crushing the material to be incinerated and transporting the incombustible materials and heat medium in the material to be incinerated.

In this device, a set of paddle feeder troughs 3 is provided at the bottom of the furnace body 1, and two parallel hollow rotating shafts 6 with paddles 5 spirally attached to the outer periphery are housed in the paddle feeder trough 3. These are rotated in opposite directions, and in the gap between them, the incineration materials that have been poorly combusted due to the large shape of the incineration materials that were not crushed in the pretreatment process are re-shredded, and the non-combustible materials after combustion are screwed. It is a paddle feeder that conveys food.

A large number of orifice nozzles 4 are provided in the paddle feeder trough 3, the outside of this trough is wrapped with a plurality of wind boxes 9, and the large number of orifice nozzles 4 are communicated with the paddle feeder trough 3 from these wind boxes 9, and a hollow The air sent from the entrance of the hollow part of the rotating shaft 6 is sent from the other end to the wind box 9 via the exhaust pipe 22, and is also sent into the wind box 9 from the pressurized hot air pipe 7 at the bottom of the wind box 9. Pressurized hot air is introduced.

In addition, a plurality of orifice nozzles 4 are provided between the paddle feeder trough 3 and the plurality of wind boxes 9, and the air is dispersed and blown from the wind box 9 into the paddle feeder trough 3 (Fig. If the materials to be incinerated (not shown) are thrown into the furnace body 1 in a state of incomplete crushing and are left uncircumcised, and sink to the bottom of the swirling fluidized bed with incomplete combustion, the paddle feeder rotates to re-shred the material to be incinerated and heat it. A plurality of orifice nozzles 4 provided in the paddle feeder trough 3 are mixed with the medium 2 by stirring.
The pressurized air that has undergone heat exchange is dispersed and blown and returned to the swirling fluidized bed to complete combustion.

A heat medium fluidization device is installed on the top of this paddle feeder.

In other words, FIG.
To explain with a diagram, first, a plurality of orifice nozzles 1
A plurality of aeration pipes 13 equipped with 4 are connected to a header pipe 12 outside the furnace body 1, and the pressurized air heat exchanged by a heating device (not shown) is dispersed and blown into the aeration pipes 13. By doing so, the heat medium 2 is fluidized.

Silica sand (particle size 0.351 to 0.417 cm) is used as a heat medium.
) and combustion ash are used.

A heat medium swirling device is attached to the upper part of the air diffuser pipe 13.

To explain with reference to FIG. 1 and its A-AI7J cross-sectional open plan view, FIG. The heat medium 2 is made to swirl by blowing pressurized air heat exchanged by a heating device (not shown) through a pipe (not shown) communicating with the hot air blowing pipe 8 of the wind box 10.

By operating each of the above-mentioned devices, the materials to be incinerated put into the furnace body 1 circulate and flow uniformly in the heat medium 2, and are brought into sufficient contact with the combustion air with which heat is exchanged by the heating device (not shown). to achieve complete combustion of the incinerated material instantly.

The main points of the present invention have been explained above using the figures.

The operation of this device is as follows.

The materials to be incinerated in the pre-treatment process (not shown), which remain large due to poor crushing and have sunk to the bottom of the swirling fluidized bed due to poor combustion, are re-shredded and stirred and mixed with the heat transfer medium 2. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the paddle feeder for conveying non-combustible materials rotates a paddle rotating shaft 6 using a driving chain wheel 23, a gear 24, a bearing 25, and a gland section 26.

At this time, the pair of parallel rotating shafts 6 rotate in opposite directions, and during the pre-treatment process (not shown) of the incineration material charged from the incineration material charging port 15 provided above the furnace, large pieces of material are broken due to poor crushing. If it sinks to the bottom of the swirling fluidized bed due to poor combustion, paddle 5
The mixture is stirred and mixed with the heating medium 2 while re-crushing through the gap between the paddle feeder trough 3 and the pressurized air that is heat-exchanged by a heating device (not shown) ejected from the orifice nozzle 4, resulting in an upper swirling flow. Return it to the layer and expect complete combustion.

In addition, the incombustible matter in the incineration material and the heat medium 2 are mixed and conveyed to the discharge pipe 16 by the rotation of the paddle feeder shaft 6.

At this time, the heat medium 2 is separated from non-combustible materials and the heat medium discharge pipe 18
The separated heat medium 2 is then transported to a separation device (not shown) and returned into the furnace body 1 through a heat medium return pipe 19 directed diagonally downward.

A burner 17 facing obliquely downward is provided on a wall opposite to the wall on which the heat medium return pipe 19 is provided.

Air is fed into the hollow rotating shaft 6 of this paddle feeder in a direction opposite to the direction in which the heat medium 2 and incombustible materials are conveyed, and the exhaust pipe 2
2 and is sent to the wind box 9 on the outer periphery of the paddle feeder trough 3.

Pressurized air is sent into this air box 9 from another heating device (not shown) through a hot air pipe 7, mixed, and then ejected from the air box 9 through an orifice nozzle 4 into the paddle feeder trough 3 to be incinerated. After re-crushing the material, it is returned to the swirling fluidized bed to create good conditions for combustion.

In order to complete this swirling flow and combustion, a heat medium fluidization device is installed on top of this paddle feeder.

First, a plurality of air diffusers 13 are arranged in parallel inside the furnace body 1, and are communicated with the header pipe 12 outside the furnace body 1, so that pressurized air heat-exchanged with a heating device (not shown) is transferred into the air diffusers 13. By dispersing and blowing air, the heat medium 2 is jetted out from the plurality of orifice nozzles 14 to fluidize the heat medium 2 well.

In other words, the fluidized bed generated by hot air blowing up from below the paddle feeder is further blown upward through the orifice 14 of the diffuser pipe 13 from the header pipe 12 at the top of the paddle feeder, thereby doubling the flow and completing combustion. be.

That is, the blowing of hot air upwards from the second stage ensures complete combustion in the fluidized bed.

A heat medium swirling device is attached to the upper part of this diffuser pipe 13.

That is, the wind box 10 is arranged at three locations on the inner surface of the furnace body 1, and a plurality of orifice nozzles 11 are communicated with the wind box 10, with one facing diagonally downward and the other diagonally upward.
The heating medium 2 is swirled within the fluidized bed by communicating with the fluidized bed and blowing pressurized air that has undergone heat exchange with a heating device (not shown).

In addition to forming a complete fluidized bed in this manner, the heating medium is further swirled as described above to ensure complete combustion.

Inside the combustion furnace, the heat medium 2 is in a swirling fluidized bed state as described above, and the burner 17 is ignited and burned, and when the temperature inside the furnace rises to an appropriate temperature, the material to be incinerated is put into the furnace and the temperature inside the furnace is set at an appropriate temperature of 850°C or higher. is held, the burner 17 is extinguished, and the incineration process is performed.

Combustion gas and ash are discharged from an exhaust gas outlet pipe 20 at the top of the furnace body 1 .

This is collected by suitable means such as a cyclone collector or a dust collector (not shown).

In order to protect the paddle feeder from high temperatures, it can be cooled through a rotary joint 21 that introduces water or air into its hollow shaft 6.

(The case where water is used is not shown). As mentioned above, the swirling fluidized bed incinerator of the present invention has a fluidized bed that is significantly improved and perfected compared to the conventional one. The particles to be incinerated are further blown up by hot air from the orifice of the air diffuser provided at the top of the paddle feeder to sufficiently form a fluidized bed, and then the hot air from the wind box 9 is directed downward from above and upward from below. By blowing air into the furnace to complete the rotation, the combustion heat from the burner from above completely burns the material to be incinerated, and it has become possible to significantly reduce the construction and repair costs of the furnace. .

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view conceptually showing a swirling fluidized bed incinerator according to the present invention, Fig. 2 is a plan view taken along line C-C in Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C in Fig. 1. 4 is a cutaway plan view taken along line C-C in FIG. 1, and FIG. 5 is a cutaway plan view taken along line C-C in FIG.
- It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view taken along the C line. 1... Furnace body, 2... Heat medium, 3...
... Paddle feeder trough, 4 ... Orifice nozzle, 5 ... Hollow model rotating body (paddle)
, 6...Hollow model rotating main shaft, 7...Hot air pipe, 8...Hot air pipe, 9...
Wind box, 10... Wind box, 11... Orifice nozzle, 12... Header pipe, 13...
... Diffuser pipe, 14 ... Orifice nozzle, 1
5...Incineration material charging inlet, 16...Incombustible material discharge pipe, 17...Burner, 18...
... Heat medium discharge pipe, 19 ... Heat medium return pipe, 2
0...Medium 1 gas outlet pipe, 21...Rotary joint, 22...Exhaust pipe, 23...
...Drive chain wheel, 24...Gear, 25...
...Bearing, 26...Gland part.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In an incinerator equipped with a charging inlet for materials to be incinerated from above the furnace body and a paddle feeder in the lower part of the furnace body, the paddle feeder trough has a large number of orifice nozzles, and the outside of this trough has a plurality of orifice nozzles. It is wrapped in a wind box, a large number of orifice nozzles are communicated from these wind boxes to a paddle feeder trough, and a plurality of air diffuser pipes each having a large number of orifice nozzles are provided above the paddle feeder, and these are used for heat exchange outside the furnace. A hot-air blast pipe that pumps out the pressurized air and a wind box that receives hot air from the header pipe are installed, and a large number of orifice nozzles are installed to blow the hot air diagonally upward from one wall in the furnace and diagonally downward from the opposite wall. In addition to being provided in communication with the wind box, a heating medium inlet is also provided above it for circulating the heat medium discharged from the paddle feeder and dropping it diagonally downward, and the burner is directed diagonally downward from the wall surface opposite the inlet. A rotating fluidized bed incinerator.