JPS58500708A - Discharge hopper and method for discharging stored products without segregation - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] To discharge stored items without segregation. Discharge hopper and method Technical field The present invention provides a method for separating wheat and other foods or feeds without segregation. Discharge hopper for silo cells with two overlapping funnel-shaped members for discharging The present invention relates to a method for discharging stored products from a silo cell without segregation.

Background technology The prototype that forms the starting point for the present invention is the applicant's Swiss patent A-244,2. It is described in 24. A common problem is the flowable materials (e.g. wheat, other foods, feedstuffs, etc.) It is said that when discharged from a large silo cell, it tends to be discharged from one side. It's on point. This trend involves storing food for several months and withdrawing some portion periodically. This is particularly disadvantageous when In other words, the residence time of the products in the silo cell becomes unequal, A septic zone develops. Furthermore, as is well known, there is a tendency for segregation. Periphery The stores in the zone may, for example, have a different particle size composition than the stores in the central part of the so-called core zone. has a structure. Stores in the central area are preferentially discharged by core zone flow. .

The present invention is called "first-in + first-out". Regarding the types of silo cells that are disclosed. This type of silo cell also reduces product segregation and The auxiliary mixing of the products, which is desirable in the case of bunkering, also does not occur.

The solution according to Swiss patent A-244,224 is suitable for draining grain silo cells. ing. I am not aware of any other solution that would solve the above problem economically or overall better. Not yet.

Sui, z, % A-244, 224 has an extremely small bottom surface of the silo cell. Divided into sections (for example, 40 x 40 crn + 60 x 6 Q cm) Ru. Each section is configured as a hopper. Place the hopper in the corresponding slot. Therefore, it is formed on the bottom of the cell. One connection from each of the six sections The canal reaches the manifold. In this structure, all connecting canals are the same. It is important to configure and install it.

This solution has no functional drawbacks. However, this solution requires construction The production costs and the production costs of steel plate members (e.g., discharge pipes) are high.

Although a number of proposals have been made in recent years, these proposals are unsuitable for food storage. .

West German utility model tube 1,844,28 inserting a second reverse cone into the discharge cone The solution related to item 1 cannot be adopted for hygienic reasons. For some reason, facing The product may be fixed in the large 6” deep space under the cone and may rot. This is because there is. This type of structure can reduce the amount of bacteria, Salmonella contamination, etc. c.

does not meet the current regulations regarding

East German patent no. The structure is described. In this case, a plurality of simple small hoppers are arranged side by side. −G Note The discharge device disclosed in the publication is of an automatic purification type, that is, it is a "dead core" type. Although the problem can be eliminated, this solution can eliminate problems with e.g. wheat discharge hoppers. I can't solve it. In the case of food silos, it is unnecessary to incorporate such a large hopper. It is possible. This is because the main parts of silo equipment are generally made of concrete. This is because there is no correspondingly sized mounting opening. When installing from below, Since the weight of a hopper with a diameter of 4 to 6 m is over a ton, it is divided into 20 to 50 parts. must be incorporated.

Disclosure of invention One of the main objects of the present invention is to have a simple structure, light weight, and without essential changes. , which can be used for as many evacuation purposes as possible, so to speak, as a standard unit. The goal is to find a structural form that can be used. Another purpose is to The purpose is to enable installation work from

A feature of the present invention is that the outer funnel-shaped member and the inner funnel-shaped portion are constantly squeezed to form a common The purpose is to form a discharge cross section leading to the regulating shaft.

The first discharge hoppers equipped according to the invention are already superior to the known ones. It has achieved great results.

Special table 1986-500708 (3) That is, the present invention can significantly improve functionality and economy (i.e., equipment costs). . The decisive point is that, according to the teaching of the invention, a constantly constricting discharge cross-section is formed. As a result, the product flow is uniformly accelerated in the area of the two funnel-shaped members. That's what I'm saying.

Both product streams then meet at the regulating shaft, with the same speed and Become.

It is usually necessary to further reduce the discharge cross section. This reduction is at the bottom of the adjustment shaft It will be carried out at

The functions of the adjustment shaft are diverse. However, in all cases the adjustment shaft A back pressure must be applied to the product. This action is based on the cross-sectional area mentioned above. It is very effectively promoted by reduction.

The present invention primarily relates to wheat and similar products, i.e. , which maintains fluidity even when passing through narrow cross sections, and has a high internal friction value. Applies to products. Based on this internal friction value, the particles support each other. this mutual A support is provided at the shaft that adjusts the speed of the two parallel product streams exiting the hopper. It forms the main equalizing factor.

A particularly advantageous application of the invention is a temporary storage cell for use in flour mills immediately before crushing. It is an emission from

This cell stores wet wheat or another grain for several hours. In this case, the product Vibrate at least the outer funnel-shaped member by a vibrator to initiate evacuation If you let them, it will be advantageous. Once the product is in motion, it flows automatically.

A number of advantageous configurations are possible with the invention.

The upper part of the adjustment shaft is cylindrical, the lower part is tapered, and the side of the cylindrical part is Preferably, the cross-sectional area is at least twice that of the outlet.

When high purity is required, such as in food, both funnels should be opened upwards. release and further provide an upwardly open cylindrical retraction ring at the upper end of the inner funnel-shaped member. is preferred. The inner and outer funnel-shaped members are circular or circular with an angle of 60° to 70°. If the shape is small, the automatic purification effect will be promoted. At the discharge part of the inner funnel, cross the a cylindrical end whose area is less than 50% of the cross-sectional area of the adjustment shaft; By protruding the part into the adjustment shaft, quiet and stable product flow can be achieved. The operating condition in the foot range is also improved.

The size of the portion is determined by the geometry of the inner and outer funnels. Adjustment system The first function of the shaft is to prevent displacement from occurring inside the two funnel-shaped members. The goal is to stop. The inner product flow shows an injection tendency. This phenomenon is based on the prior art The above two solutions (East German Patent No. 1421437, West German Utility Model No. 1, 9) 44, No. 281). The above two solutions in this regard To improve, the outlet of the inner funnel must be reduced. But long As a result, a displacement action is applied from the outer product stream to the inner product stream. Therefore, the new water-containing product in the inner funnel will no longer flow.

According to the invention, the displacement is extremely effective by using an adjusting shaft. can be effectively excluded. To obtain the required operating reliability for various products, adjustments must be made. It is necessary to indicate the effective height of the shaft. Adjust the height of the adjustment shaft to the outer funnel. It has been found that at least 1/3 of the height is adequate.

Furthermore, it is preferred that the elements are geometrically matched to each other. i.e. the inner funnel Determine the minimum discharge cross section or the minimum dimension between the inner and outer funnels. It is preferable that the diameter is 1/2 or more of the diameter of the discharge port of the straightening shaft.

It is advantageous if the adjustment shaft is provided with a viewing window. Thus, although not sufficient, the danger You can monitor the condition of the area with the naked eye.

Another advantageous embodiment is obtained by incorporating segments also in the region of the inner funnel. . In this way, internal and external product flow can be monitored. The segment is the inner funnel member. It is sufficient if it protrudes almost to the center axis. Segments of approximately 30-90° are optimal . The segments are covered with a branch cover in the area of the outer product stream torus.

The cover projects into the outer annular cross section. The space below the cover is dead. Seal the entire surface so that there are no spaces. Extending the above idea, try A sampling port can be combined with a segment. The sample collection port further includes a scraping hole and It can also be used as That is, insert a flexible rod into the inner funnel-shaped member from the sample collection port. Can be inserted within the range to eliminate clogging.

The operating mode is extremely simple. Outside product flow is significantly impeded by the segment. Flows down the remaining 270-330° free portion of the circumference without harm. peek You can watch the product in action through the window. A small portion of the internal product flow is According to the laws of fluid mechanics, alluvium flows into the hole and forms an alluvial cone up to the wall of the viewing window. Ru. Since the segments are open, a constant secondary flow takes place. This secondary The flow or corresponding movement can be seen through the sight glass. Thus, the inner Product flow and external product flow can be monitored simultaneously. Blockage of outside product flow range , for example, with a rubber hammer, the blockage in the inner product flow area can be removed with a flexible Can be removed with a steel rod. This advantageous embodiment is, of course, fully automatic. . In particular, customers in developing countries require purpose-built equipment that is easy to operate. Regarding this The invention thus offers particularly advantageous possibilities. This fact is important to our industry. It is highly regarded and appreciated.

In particularly difficult cases, the segments can also be combined with the support member of the inner funnel. Wear. However, for practical reasons (use of standard elements, etc.), initially This idea is preferable.

In another embodiment of the invention, the inner and outer funnel-shaped members are made of the same material (preferably steel plate). The inner funnel-shaped member is supported by the outer funnel-shaped member, and the discharge hole is assembled into a unit. Screwed to the silo structure as a kit. Thus, firstly, the purpose stated at the beginning , a simple, effective and in all respects economical construction unit is obtained. Ru. Being able to fully monitor conditions inside a silo is extremely beneficial.

The invention further relates to food or feed ingredients, especially products with emissions problems, e.g. For example, the use of a discharge hopper in a silo cell for storing fresh, hydrated wheat. related.

The invention further relates to a method for discharging stored goods from a silo cell without segregation. this A feature of the new method is that the product flow is divided into an outer flow and an inner flow at the discharge section of the silo. and the velocities of both subflows are increased essentially steadily, and then both Coaxial partial flow can be back-pressured in the vertical section without any essential change in direction. are added to merge, equalize the velocities, and then flow freely through the reducible cross section. It's about tightening.

product in the cross-sectional area of the funnel-shaped discharge zone where free mass flow still predominates. It is even more expedient to divide the flow. The dividing diameter ranges from 0.57Fl to 2m. It is preferable that the

By this measure, the discharge hopper can be standardized (for example, the diameter is Q, 5 m, 1 ,077? , 1.5m, 2m). Small size with a diameter of 1 to 2 m or less In the case of Irocell, the product flow is divided across the entire cross section of the silo. Large size In the case of a silo, the top of the funnel-shaped discharge zone is made of concrete or silo construction material. Configure.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the internal and external product flow can be monitored. this In case of sampling, the inside product is removed from the vicinity of the viewing window where the outside product flow flows. Preferably, a portion of the flow is withdrawn. Thus, the motion status of the two product streams can be monitored. can.

Brief description of the drawing The invention will be explained in detail with reference to two embodiments.

Figure 1 is a sectional view of a discharge hopper according to the present invention installed in wheat silo equipment, and Figure 2 is , an example of use in small tanks (especially temporary storage cells) with metering screws. The drawing, FIG. 3, shows the scope of the adjusting shaft for the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. Drawing 4 showing a particularly advantageous configuration of a reservoir for monitoring the internal and external product flow in a The figure is a cross-sectional view (internal monitoring segment) taken along the line XX in Figure 3, and Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view along line FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view (segment range) taken along line Y-Y in FIG. 3;

Best mode for carrying out the invention The silo, as shown in Figure 1, is made of concrete. The height of the silo cell is It may be 50m or more. The upper 1/3 of the conical discharge part 2 is also filled with concrete. It is made by REET. In this case, at least the so-called sliding portion 3 is made of lightweight concrete. It can be composed of REITs. The discharge hopper essentially consists of three elements: an inner funnel; shaped member 5. It consists of an outer funnel-shaped member 6 and an adjustment shaft 7. Inner funnel-shaped member 5 At the top of the inner funnel-like member 5 there is a circle which increases stability and improves product retraction. A cylindrical retraction ring 8 is provided.

The product discharge amount is determined by the circular area A inside the retraction ring 8 and the outer funnel-shaped member 6 and the retraction ring. It can be calculated from the annular area 8 between the ring 8 and the ring 8. The inner funnel-shaped member 5 further includes an adjustment shaft. It has a cylindrical end 9 that protrudes several σ into the foot 7. When installing new equipment, support steel Preferably, the inner funnel 5 is welded to the outer funnel 6 via the end 10.

The conditions shown in Figure 1 are for small silos. The larger the silo size, the more The space will also be made larger accordingly. The concrete is exposed to the large force of the conical discharge part 2. Tolerable enough.

If the silo size is large, the reinforcing member 11 may be further shaped into an inner funnel, as shown by the broken line. It is necessary to weld to member 5. The outer funnel-like member 6 has a flange 12 and a screw 7 to the bottom of the silo. The second part 13 of the adjustment shirt 1-7 is cylindrical. , the lower part 14 has a tapered conical shape. The conical part 14 is attached to the upper cylindrical part 13. A back pressure is applied, thus ensuring that the velocity of the material flowing out of both funnels 5, 6 is equal. be converted into Below the adjustment shaft 7, there is a A damper 15 to be used is provided.

If the discharge hopper is used for unknown products, the adjustment hopper 7 can be divided into two parts, viz. It is advantageous to manufacture it separately into a cylindrical part 13 at the top and a conical part 14 at the bottom. . Thus, the adjustment zone "F" can be changed relative to the funnel-shaped zone "G".Product If it has a tendency to eject, increase the height 'F' and, in some cases, increase the ejection diameter 'E'. ” must be reduced.

The lateral and cross-sectional conditions in the range of the outer funnel-shaped member 6 and the range of the inner funnel-shaped member 5 are as follows. , generally the geometrical dimensions A, B, C, D are designed correspondingly so that in both ranges The speed conditions are selected so that they are similar.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the present invention for a small-sized Zyrocell shredding tank.

In this case, the tank 20 also includes an inner funnel-shaped member 22 and an outer funnel-shaped member 23. and an adjustment shaft 24. Adjustment shirt special edition Showa 5 8-500708 (5) The shaft 24 consists of a cylindrical portion 25 and a tapered conical portion 26, and is configured to apply auxiliary back pressure. It opens into the metering screw 2T.

The discharge hopper according to the present invention preferably has a round shape as a whole. however , in special cases, to reduce the height, e.g. the outer funnel can be made square. can be done. For small tanks, an adjustment shaft is installed for monitoring during operation. Preferably, the entirety of 24 is made of glass or transparent synthetic material.

A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is shown in combination in FIGS. 3-5.

The adjusting shaft 30 is made of steel, for example, and a circumference of the adjusting shaft 30 is provided for monitoring purposes. It has a large viewing window 31 that opens more than half of the enclosure. Adjustment shaft 30 or A segment 32 is attached to the viewing window.

Segment 32 has an annular cross-section 34 so as to unimpede the outer product flow as much as possible. Inside, it is covered with a cover 33.

The segment or monitoring segment projects inwardly to the central axis 35 and In the partial working range, it is limited by an edge 36 extending from the outside inward and sloping downward. has been established. In the above operating range (edge 36), the upper part is knife edge 3. It is configured as 7. Thus, branching by segment 3 The product to be monitored is cut by the falling product stream without any resistance. deflected outward. of a flowing product (e.g. hydrated grain leaving a temporary storage cell) Corresponding to the fluidity, in the segment 32 below the cover 33 there is a free alluvial cone (line 3 8) is generated.

Since the alluvial cone reaches the inner surface of the viewing window 31, it is difficult to determine whether the product is present or not. You can always visually tell whether the product is stationary or flowing.

Furthermore, the flow cross-sectional area at the inlet of the segment (range of edge 36) and the segment Optimal selection of the flow cross-section of the horizontal section allows for not only simple monitoring but also external product flow. The flow velocity ratio between the inner product flow and the inner product flow can also be determined. For some reason, e.g. The flow conditions of the inner funnel-shaped member 39 vary with respect to the flow conditions of the outer funnel-shaped member 40. In this case, it is possible to compare both flowcharts at the viewing window 31 and find out the change in -F. Wear. Errors can be instantly corrected by changing paint marks, nicks, etc.

The segment can also be combined with a sample collection port 41 that can be closed with a lid 42. Change In this case, an elastic rod can be inserted through the sample sampling port 41 to remove blockages in the inner product flow. can.

Fig, 1 Fig, 2 international search report

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Two stacked vessels for discharging wheat and other food or feed without segregation In a discharge hopper for a silo cell having a funnel-shaped member (5, 6; 22.23) , the outer funnel-shaped member (6, 23) and the inner funnel-shaped member (5, 22) are constantly characterized by narrowing and forming a discharge cross section leading to a common adjustment shirt) (7, 24) and a discharge hopper. The upper part of the adjustment shaft (7, 24) has a cylindrical shape (13, 25), and the lower part has a cylindrical shape (13, 25). , having a tapered shape (14°26). discharge hopper. 3. The cylindrical portion (13, 25) of the adjustment shaft (7, 24) Claim 2, characterized in that the cross-sectional area is at least twice that of the outlet. Discharge hopper. 4. The inner funnel-shaped member (5, 22) and the outer funnel-shaped member (6, 23) move upward. Discharge hopper according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is open. . 5. At the upper end of the inner funnel-shaped part 1 (5, 22), there is a cylindrical retraction ring that opens upward. Discharge according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that (8) is provided. Hopper. 6 External funnel-shaped member (6, 23) - & inner funnel-shaped part 5 The material (5, 22,) is circular or conical with an angle of 60 to 70°. Discharge hopper according to one of the preceding claims. 7. The lower discharge part of the inner funnel-shaped member (5, 22) has a shaft with an adjustable cross-sectional area. A cylindrical end (9) smaller than the 50th factor of the cross-sectional area of (γ, 24) is provided. The discharge hopper according to claim 1, characterized in that: 8, characterized in that the cylindrical end (9) protrudes into the adjustment shirt (7, 24); 8. The discharge hopper according to claim 7, wherein the discharge hopper is characterized by: 9 The height of the adjustment shaft (7, 24) is smaller than the height of the outer funnel-shaped member (6, 23). Discharge hopper according to claim 1, characterized in that it is at least one third. 10. Minimum discharge cross section of the inner funnel-shaped member (5, 22) “CI+ or inner funnel-shaped The minimum dimension between the member (5, 2, 2) and the outer funnel member (6, 23) is essentially (7; 24) is characterized by a diameter of 1/2 or more of the outlet of the adjustment shirt (7; 24). The discharge hopper according to claim 1. 11. The inner funnel-shaped member (5, 22) and the outer funnel-shaped member (6, 23) are the same Claims 1 to 2 are made from a material (preferably a steel plate). Discharge hopper according to one of clauses 10. 12. The adjustment shaft 7) (7, 24) is specially equipped with a viewing window (24'). Discharge hopper according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that: 13. Peephole (24') of adjustment shaft (7, 24:30). In the range of 31), a segment) (32) is provided to monitor the internal product flow. The discharge hopper according to claim 12, characterized in that: 14, adjustment shaft (7, 24, 30), viewing window (24'). 31) and segment) (32) form one structural unit. 14. The discharge hopper according to claim 13, characterized in that: 15. In the range of the viewing window (24', 31), there is at least one sample collection port (41). ) is provided according to one of claims 12 to 14. Hopper. 16, the segment (32) has at least one sample collection port (41); 16. The discharge hopper according to claim 15, characterized in that it is provided with a discharge hopper. 17, the inner funnel-shaped member (5, 22) is supported on the outer funnel-shaped member (6, 23); Yes, it is screwed to the silo structure (1, 20) as a built-in unit. Discharge hopper according to one of the characterizing claims. 18. Food or feed ingredients, especially those with excretion problems (e.g. temporary storage) In a silo cell for storing new hydrated wheat (in a storage cell), Using the discharge hopper described in one of Section 12, Special Table 1985-500708 (2) and. 19. In the method of discharging stored products from a silo cell without segregation, the product flow is Divide into an outer flow and an inner flow at the discharge part of B, and adjust the speed of both partial flows. essentially constant increase, then both coaxial partial flows, essentially changing direction Without doing this, apply back pressure at the vertical part to merge, equalize the speed, and then A method characterized in that the flow is allowed to flow freely through a reducible cross section. 20. Split the product flow where free mass flow is definitely dominant. 20. A method according to claim 19, characterized in that: 21, characterized by monitoring the movement of the inner product flow and the outer product flow through a viewing window The discharge hopper according to claim 19 or 20. 22. Monitoring or comparison of both flows, preferably through a viewing window, for sample collection. Therefore, in the vicinity of the viewing window where the outer product flow flows, the inner product flow 22. A method according to claim 21, characterized in that the portion is pulled outwardly.