JPS5847227Y2 - Turbine compartment for turbocharger - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] The present invention relates to a turbine casing of an exhaust gas turbine supercharger used for supercharging a reciprocating internal combustion engine. By configuring the capacity to be variable without a complicated mechanism, the supercharger can be operated effectively within all operating ranges of the internal combustion engine, and energy can be used effectively in all ranges from low to high speeds.

In particular, the purpose is to increase the boost of the supercharger by increasing the energy utilization rate at low engine speeds, thereby reducing engine fuel consumption.

1A, B, and C show examples of conventional supercharging systems, in which a indicates an engine, b indicates a turbine, C indicates a compressor, d indicates a gas passage, and e indicates an air passage.

However, in a normal supercharging system as shown in Fig. 1A, since the turbine casing in turbine b is a fixed nozzle, there is a lack of tooth, that is, a lack of air amount, at areas other than the matching points at high engine speeds, which impairs engine performance. bad.

In Fig. 1B, in order to eliminate this drawback, the matching point is placed at mid-low speed of the engine, and at high speed and large flow rate, part of the gas is discarded to the atmosphere by the wastegate f without passing through the turbine bt. Prevents excessive boost.

In this case, the energy loss is large and the engine performance on the high speed side becomes low F.

A general mechanism for variable capacity as shown in Figure 1 C is the vane nozzle g.
Since the structure is such that the angle of the angle can be changed, there is a problem that the device becomes very expensive.

For this reason, it is possible to use a scroll switching type of inexpensive vaneless nozzle, but since it is a static pressure supercharging type, it is not possible to use low-speed pulses, and there are problems such as poor performance due to exhaust interference. was.

This invention uses a dynamic pressure supercharging system without using a vaneless turbine scroll to form an exhaust turbine scroll suitable for the flow rate when the exhaust gas V is small, increasing the efficiency of the turbine, and increasing the efficiency of the turbine when the flow is large. The scroll is essentially enlarged so that it can always form the optimal scroll for the wide flow range of the engine.
At the outer periphery of the turbine blade, there is a gas introduction section in which the gas flow paths are separated by a partition plate, and a flow path is formed in the axial longitudinal direction of the turbine wheel by the partition wall so as to communicate with each gas flow path in the gas introduction section. a first scroll that communicates with a single scroll portion that is separated and formed at its rear end portion and has a nozzle opening around substantially the entire circumference of the turbine tlli; and each gas flow path of the gas introduction portion; A bypass scroll having a single flow path structure that communicates with and is open-connected to the single scroll portion through the outer periphery of the first scroll, and controlling the inflow of gas to the bypass scroll at a connecting portion between the waste introducing portion and the bypass scroll. A single chamber for a turbocharger turbine, characterized in that it is equipped with a regulating valve configured as such, and a movable wall that controls opening from the bypass scroll in the single scroll portion and operates in conjunction with the regulating valve. It is something.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

In order to avoid exhaust interference and utilize dynamic pressure supercharging when the engine exhaust speed is low (small flow rate), this invention is equipped with a scroll that is divided into two parts in the axial direction so that gas flows around the entire circumference of the turbine wheel. At high speeds (large flow rate), the gas binocularized by the bypass scroll is merged with a part of the first scroll to form the scroll as if it were an integrated scroll. An example will be explained with reference to FIG. 2 and subsequent figures.

Figure 2 shows an example in which an exhaust turbine supercharger is installed in a 6-cylinder engine using the dynamic pressure supercharging method. Piping 3a.

3b to the turbine chamber 5 of the supercharger 4 to rotate the turbine wheel, and this rotation causes the compressor 6 on the same axis to rotate.
is driven to compress the air 7 and supercharge each cylinder 2a to 2f of the engine 1.

The present invention relates to the configuration of the turbine casing 5, and as shown in FIGS. 3 to 10, the piping 3 is divided into two groups.
a t 3 b, a gas introduction part 10atlOb is provided, which has a partition plate 9 for separating and separately guiding the gases divided into the two groups in the axial longitudinal direction of the turbine impeller 8, and The gas from the introduction parts 10a and 10b is separated in the axial direction of the turbine impeller 80 to a predetermined outer peripheral position by the partition wall 11, and is introduced to the nozzle 12<first scroll 13a.

13b and its downstream, the partition wall 11 disappears, so that they merge and are guided to the nozzle 12<single scroll part 1
4 (range of angle α).

Furthermore, the first scroll 13a communicates with the gas introducing portions 10a and 10b without separating the gas.

a bypass scroll 15 guided along the outer periphery of the scroll 13b and communicating with the single scroll portion 14 at its tip end;
will be established.

The gas introduction section 1 in the bypass scroll 15
An adjustment valve 17 is provided at a position close to 0atlOb, which rotates around a support shaft 16 to adjust the opening degree of the bypass scroll 15.

Furthermore, a movable wall 19 is provided in the single scroll portion 14, which is connected to a partition wall 18 that separates the first scroll 13 a t 13 b and the bypass scroll 15 in the radial direction, and can be separated in the radial direction as well. Part 10atlOb
It is provided so as to be rotatable outward by a support shaft 20 provided at a position close to the.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4, links 21 and 22 are fixed to the support shafts 16 and 20, respectively, and the links 21 and 22 are connected by a control rod 23.
2 is connected via a control rod 25 to an actuator 24 that is activated when the gas flow rate exceeds a certain value.

Engine 1 to 2 group arrangement W 3 to avoid exhaust interference
The gas separated by a t 3 b is transferred to the gas introduction section 10 a ? 10 b.

When the gas flow rate introduced at this time is small, the regulating valve 1γ and the movable wall 19 are in the solid line position, and therefore the gas flows through the single scroll portion 14 separated in the radial direction by the first scroll 13at13b and the movable wall 19. The nozzle 12 is guided along the inner side around the entire circumference of the turbine wheel 8 to drive the turbine wheel 8 one rotation.

In this way, the gas is fed to almost the entire circumference of the turbine wheel 8, so even when the gas flow rate is low, it is possible to
Turbine efficiency can be maintained at a high level with minimal loss.

When the gas flow rate exceeds a certain value, the actuator 24 is actuated to move the movable wall 19 outward as shown by the imaginary line in FIG. The adjustment valve 1γ is connected via the connected control rod 23 and link 21.
Open as shown by the imaginary line, and open the gas introduction part 10atlOb.
The divided gases are combined and introduced into the bypass scroll 15, and the flow resistance of this gas flow is reduced.

The gas entering the bypass scroll 15 is transferred to the first scroll 13 in the single scroll section 14 which is connected to the movable wall 19.
It joins with the gas from a t 13 b and is supplied to the turbine wheel 8 from the nozzle 12 .

In this way, the capacity of the turbine single chamber 5 is substantially increased compared to when the flow rate is low, and the boost pressure is kept constant.

The range α of the movable wall 19 can be set freely according to the movable starting point (in the case of a supercharger, the point required by the engine).

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, and that a rotary valve or the like other than that shown in the drawings may be used as the adjustment valve 17, and various other changes may be made without departing from the gist of the vehicle invention. Of course, there are other things that can be added.

According to the turbocharger turbine casing of the present invention described above, the following excellent effects are exhibited.

(1) The first scroll, which is activated during low flow rate operation, surrounds the turbine wheel so as to feed gas over almost the entire circumference of the turbine wheel, and a part of the scroll is partitioned so that the inside is directed in the longitudinal direction of the axis of the turbine wheel. Since it is divided, it is possible to utilize dynamic pressure, ensuring high efficiency of the turbine even during low flow operation.

(11) The bypass scroll exists at the same capacity as the first scroll, but since the exhaust gas is merged with the first scroll to substantially increase the capacity, it changes depending on the opening degree of the movable wall. Appropriate use of exhaust gas is possible in all flow rate ranges, and as a result, during high flow rate operation, the bypass scroll with low air resistance and the pulcon type secondary scroll work together, resulting in high efficiency.

It is possible to provide a high-performance single-chamber turbine with a simple aiD configuration and low manufacturing cost.

(IV) Since energy can be used effectively in all ranges from low flow rate to high flow rate, it becomes possible to realize a supercharged engine with low speed, high effective pressure, and low fuel consumption.

M. A first scroll having a flow path separated in the longitudinal direction of the turbine wheel axis and whose trailing side communicates with a single scroll portion is provided along the outer periphery of the turbine wheel, and a first scroll is provided along the outer periphery of the first scroll. a bypass scroll disposed along the single scroll section and communicating with the first scroll;
Furthermore, by separating and communicating between the first scroll and the bypass scroll by a movable wall provided on the single scroll part, the number of flow passages of the first scroll that open to the outer periphery of the turbine wheel is increased. The number of the nozzle parts is reduced to the minimum of two, thereby simplifying the structure of the nozzle part and reducing the opening width of the nozzle, thereby making it possible to change the scroll capacity while maintaining high turbine efficiency.

Gas is always supplied from the flow path that opens on the outer periphery of the turbine wheel, so compared to a case where there is a flow path where gas is not supplied, the gas from the nozzle is There is no problem that the turbine efficiency decreases due to loss due to the winding around the inside of the flow path.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figures 1A, B, and C are explanatory diagrams showing an example of a conventional supercharging system, respectively. Figure 2 is an overall explanatory diagram showing an example of a supercharging system for a 6-cylinder engine. Figure 3 is an example of an implementation of the present invention. A cutaway side view showing an example, FIG. 4 is a front view thereof, FIG. 5 is a cutaway view of FIG. 8 is a view in the width direction of FIG. 5, FIG. 9 is a view in the ■ direction of FIG. 5, and FIG. 10 is a view in the X direction of FIG. . 1 is the engine, 3a t 3b is the piping, 4 is the supercharger, 5
is a turbine single chamber, 8 is a turbine impeller, 9 is a partition plate, 10
a t 10 b is a gas introduction part, 11 is a partition wall, 12
is the nozzle, 13 a t 13 b is the first scroll 1
4 is a single scroll part, 15 is a bypass scroll, 1
7 is a regulating valve, 19 is a movable wall, and 24 is an actuator.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] On the outer periphery of the turbine wheel, there is a gas introduction section in which the gas flow paths are separated by a partition plate, and the gas introduction section is connected to each gas flow path by a partition wall such that the gas flow path is separated from the turbine wheel Lf') in the longitudinal direction. a first scroll that communicates with a single scroll portion formed in a downstream portion of the turbine wheel with a separate passage, and has a nozzle opening around the entire circumference of the turbine wheel; and each gas in the gas introduction portion. a bypass scroll having a single flow path structure that communicates with the flow path and is open-connected to the single scroll portion through the outer periphery of the first scroll; and gas inflow into the bypass scroll at a connection portion between the gas introduction portion and the bypass scroll. 21 valves configured to control the above, and a movable wall that controls opening from the bypass scroll in the single scroll portion and operates in conjunction with the adjustment valve. .