JPS5837124A - Stationary quenching and cooling method of annular body, and its device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To sufficiently suppress distortion in case of quenching an annular body, by a simple method and solid constitution, by inserting a plug having a prescribed outside diameter, into an inside diameter hole of the annular body placed on a horizontal base, positioning it, and after that, elastically pressing the annular body from the upper part, and quenching it. CONSTITUTION:An annular body W set to a quenching temperature is placed horizontally on a base 1, and a plug 2 is raised by a cylinder 3. It has the same outside diameter as the inside diameter hole of the parts W, or larger outside diameter within a prescribed range, is made to go into the inside diameter hole of the parts W by chamfering 21, and is positioned. Also, when the second pressing device 8 is lowered through a rod 41 by the first pressing device 4, a pressing member 6 is lowered, is brought into abutment on the upper surface of the parts W, is stopped, and after that, the device 8 is compressed, and by its elastic pressing force, the parts W are pressed against on the base 1. Subsequently, a cooling ring 9 is lowered to a position surrounding the parts W, is stopped, and after that, a cooling fluid is sprayed through the side circumferential hole of the member 6, and the parts W are quickly cooled and quenched. Compressed deformation and warping of the parts W in this case can be stopped effectively by the plug 2 and pressing force of the device 8. Subsequently, the plug 2 is drawn out in a state that the parts W remains placed.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for quenching and cooling an annular body heated to a predetermined quenching temperature.

Annular bodies of various sizes are used as parts of R-type machinery, and these annular bodies are very often hardened. However, when quenching annular bodies, if they are heated to a predetermined quenching temperature and then rapidly quenched using oil or water quenching, quenching distortions such as radial deformation and warping occur. occurs.

Conventionally, in order to prevent the occurrence of this kind of quenching distortion, two methods have been broadly classified as described below. Figure 1
The extremely simple core material single quenching cooling method shown in Figure 2 is the core material split type quenching cooling method shown in Figures 2 (al to (C)). An annular body, such as the inner ring of a conical roller bearing, is fitted onto a core material C' formed to a predetermined outer diameter of a core metal jig C, and used as a fishing bracket H' to trap it so that it is immersed in a cooling liquid. ing.

This method uses a jig or a simple structure, so the equipment is inexpensive, but the core material C' of the mandrel jig C of the annular body W
Not only are the work processes such as inserting the annular body W into the core material C' As a result, it is necessary to separate the annular body W and core metal C by using a press machine after cooling, and it is sufficient to set the outer diameter of the core C' to a small value to avoid this. The disadvantage was that a sufficient distortion prevention effect could not be obtained. The core split type quenching and cooling method shown in FIGS. 2(IL) to 2(c) is currently being praised as a solution to this drawback. In this method, a plurality of flexible tongues Tt are suspended from an annular member RK, and one group of tongues has a core metal member CY whose tip is in the direction of the Japanese character under normal conditions and whose outer side shows a tapered shape Y. When the annular body W is quenched and cooled, a group of tongues are inserted into the inner diameter hole of the annular body W placed on the base B.
By inserting the expansion rod PY into the center of the T group of tongues from the direction of the annular member R, the tips of the first group of tongues (written in Japanese) are expanded, and the parallel outer sides of the expanded first group of tongues are expanded. While restricting contraction and deformation of the annular body W in the radial direction by the wall, for example, the base Bt' is lowered, and quenching and cooling are performed in a cooling liquid tank disposed below. This method is effective as a strain-preventing quenching and cooling method that eliminates the drawback of the shrink-fitting phenomenon that existed in the single core method. However, not only does the device become complicated, but the group of flexible tongues that come into contact with the annular body W is required to repeatedly expand, repeatedly contact a high-temperature body, and repeatedly cool down. Since the wave force of the material is severe and its service life is extremely short, there is a drawback that it is not economical in terms of equipment and operating costs, and furthermore, the insertion length of the expansion rod P cannot be adjusted accurately. However, there are technical problems such as the risk of producing defective products with different diameters on both i-plane sides of the annular body, and a solution to these problems has been requested.

The present invention was developed for the purpose of eliminating the above-mentioned drawbacks of conventional methods for strain-suppressing quenching cooling of annular bodies, and is a method that achieves the objective of sufficiently suppressing strain using a simple method and a robust structure. and equipment.

The present invention is illustrated in FIGS. 3(a) and (b) and illustrated in accordance with an embodiment. A″f.1 is the annular body W1 on the base 101
This is a mounting table to be placed on. The annular body W heated to a predetermined quenching temperature is conveyed onto the above-mentioned mounting table 1 by a carrying device (not shown), and is placed horizontally with its end surface. The plug shown as 2 is a single unit having a predetermined length and an outer diameter that is the same as or slightly larger than the inner diameter hole of the annular body at room temperature. One end of the plug is provided with a tapered chamfer 21, and the other end is fixed to the tip of a rod 31 of a drive device 3 such as a cylinder arranged at a predetermined position below the mounting table 1. The drive device 3 moves as the rod 31 moves forward and backward in the vertical direction (
, and the axis of the rod 31 is set to coincide with the center of the predetermined mounting position of the annular body W of the mounting table 1, and at the center of the predetermined mounting position of the mounting table 1, there is a hole corresponding to the outer diameter of the plug 2. A through hole 11 with a matching inner diameter is provided. Therefore, by setting the specifications appropriately, when the rod 31 is retracted, the end face of the plug 2 fixed to the tip of the rod 31 will be below the top surface of the mounting table 1, and when the rod 31 is moved forward, the required length of the plug 20 will be This can be configured such that the portion remains above the top surface of the mounting table 1.

By the way, the outer diameter dimensions of the plug 2 will be explained in detail below. The degree of contraction that occurs when cooling the heated annular body W is
It varies depending on the material of the annular body W and cooling UK. When the annular body W is made of a material that exhibits rapid contraction during quenching and cooling, or when the material does not exhibit such rapid contraction but is cooled to approximately room temperature with sufficient cooling time, the outer diameter of the plug 2 is set to be approximately equal to the inner diameter hole of the annular body W at room temperature, and the annular body W is made of a material that exhibits relatively slow contraction during quenching and cooling, and the material is rapidly cooled to a temperature sufficient to achieve the purpose of quenching. If the plug 2 is to be left to cool afterwards, the outer diameter of the plug 2 is set to be slightly larger than the inner diameter hole of the annular body W at room temperature. From the results of many experiments conducted by the inventor, for example, when the inner diameter of the annular body W at room temperature is 100 m, the outer diameter of the plug 2 is 10 to 0.15 axially larger, and the inner diameter of the annular body W is 180 m. In the case of the period, the outer diameter d of the plug 2 is set to 0.
When the size is 20 to 0.35 mm, shrinkage deformation can be sufficiently prevented, and strong shrink-fitting phenomenon does not occur, and after cooling,
It has been found that by retracting the rod 31 while the annular body W is placed on the mounting table 1, the plug 2''4 fitted in the inner diameter hole of the annular body W can be easily pulled out.

Therefore, in relation to the inner diameter of the annular body W at room temperature, the outer diameter d of the plug is d=D or d=D+D (0,10'+〇,20 inches)
is set to Note that 22 is a center hole provided in the tip end face of the plug 2 and used for alignment with a suppression device to be described later.

Directly above the above-mentioned mounting table 1, a first suppression device 4 made of, for example, a cylinder is arranged. The tip of the rod 41, which is driven by the first suppressing device 4 and can move forward and backward in the vertical direction, is an annular body wy, -
A spring washer 51 is fixed perpendicularly to the axis of the rod 41, and the axis of the rod 41 is aligned with the extension line of the @ line of the rod 41. A washer 51tC on which the center shaft 5 extends is fixed in a hanging state. 6 is a main body 61 having a U-shaped cross section, which has a plurality of side holes 62 in the side circumferential wall, as shown in FIG. , is a presser member whose opening end surface 63 is formed in a diameter such that it can come into contact with the annular end surface of the annular body W. A guide portion 6 extending at right angles is provided at the center of the closed end surface 64 of the holding member 6.
5 is formed, and the guide portion 65 and the closed end surface 64
A through hole 66 with an inner diameter that can slide on the outer periphery of the center shaft 5 is provided, and the presser member 6 is inserted into the through hole 66 with the opening end face down, and the center shaft It is locked to a stopper 52 provided at the lower end of 5 to prevent it from falling off. Closed end surface 6 of presser member 6
4 and the lower surface of the spring washer 51 is a center shaft 5'fi! A compression coil spring 8 with a predetermined spring constant wound around the r-center is inserted in an almost unloaded state, and these form a second suppression device JIL. Alternatively, the downward displacement of the screw washer 51 due to the advancement of the rod 41 of the first pressing device 4 consisting of the above-mentioned cylinder or the like is, for example, inside the lower end of the fixed case 1 that wraps around the upper part of the second suppressing device.
It is configured such that it is stopped by a positioning stopper T1 consisting of a ring-shaped male thread that is screwed into a provided female thread. Therefore, by screwing the stopper 11 in a predetermined direction, its position can be displaced upward or downward in the figure, and the forward position ya of the rod 41 of the first pressing device 4 can be adjusted. Therefore, by setting the specifications as specified (K), the open end surface of the presser member 6 at the tip of the second suppressor, which descends as the rod 41 of the first presser 4 moves forward, becomes the annular body on the mounting table 1. Even if it comes into contact with the upper end surface of W and stops its downward movement, as shown in Fig. 3 (bl),
The spring washer 51 moves forward until it is stopped by the stopper 11 below I11#', and as a result, the presser member 6 slides the center shaft 5 relatively upward from the position where it is locked by the stopper 52 at the lower end of the center shaft 5. Due to this, the presser member 6
The coil spring 8 inserted between the closed end surface 64 and the spring washer 51 becomes compressed, and then the positioning stopper 7
Using the forward force of the rod 41 that presses the spring washer 51 whose descent is stopped by the spring washer 51 as a reaction force, a predetermined pressing force is applied by the elastic force of the compressed coil spring 8 to the pressing member 6! A load can be applied to the annular body W on the mounting table 1 through this.

Reference numeral 53 denotes a center 53 fixed to the tip end surface of the center shaft 5, and a center hole 22 formed in the tip end surface of the plug 2 which is in the raised position when the second suppression device is lowered.
The plug 2 is inserted into the inserted state, and the plug 2 and the second pressing device 8 are aligned.

What is shown as 9 surrounding the outer periphery of the holding member 6 at a predetermined gap in FIG. 3(a) is a cooling ring. A large number of cooling fluid injection holes 91 are provided on the inner circumferential wall of the cooling ring, and when the annular body W is cooled, it is displaced downward to the position shown in FIG. 3(b) and placed at a prescribed position on the mounting table 1. Cooling fluid supplied from a cooling fluid supply source (not shown) through a plurality of pipes 92'l\: facing the outer periphery of the annular body W can be injected from the injection holes 91.

Next, a case where the heated annular body WY is quenched and cooled using the above-mentioned apparatus will be described.

The cylinder 30 and the cylinder 31 arranged below the mounting table 1 are in the retracted position, so the tip end surface of the plug 2 is below the upper surface of the mounting table 1, and the cylinder 4 which is the first suppressing device arranged above When the rod 41 is also set to the retracted position and the cooling ring 9 is also set to the standby position, the mounting table 1
A wide space is created between the upper surface and the lower end surface 63 of the holding member 6. In this state, the annular body WV heated to a predetermined quenching temperature is sent into the space by a carrying means (not shown) and placed on the mounting table 1 with its end face horizontal. Third
Figure ) shows this state Y. When the annular body W is placed on the mounting table 1, the cylinder 31f! : As a drive, the rod 31 is moved forward and the plug 2 is raised. Since the plug 2 has a predetermined outer diameter d)k as detailed above and has a tapered chamfer 21 at its tip, it enters the inner diameter hole of the annular body W due to the rise, and the plug 2 enters the inner diameter hole of the annular body W. Even if the carry-in loading position deviates from the normal position, this is corrected and when the upward displacement is completed, the annular body W is placed so that its lower end surface is on the loading table 1.
While touching the top, pass through the inner diameter hole and position it at a fixed mounting position. If the loading and mounting position of the annular body W is significantly deviated from the normal position as shown in Fig. 5 (al), and as the plug 2 rises, the annular body W is tilted toward the plug 2 as shown in Fig. 5 (b). However, this problem can be solved by the following explanation of the operation.In other words, when the plug 2
At the same time as the start of the rise of the
The suppression device 4 is driven. From this point K, the rod 41 starts moving forward, and as the rod 41 descends, the spring washer 51
Since the second pressing device is also lowered, the pressing member 6 provided below the second pressing device is also lowered. Since the holding member 6 is set so that the lower opening end surface 63 is on a plane perpendicular to the axis of the rod 41, for example, as shown in FIG. As the pressing member 6 descends in the direction of arrow a, the portion 63' of the lower end surface 63 facing W' of the annular body W comes into contact with the uppermost portion W' of the annular body W in the stopped state, and As a result, the annular body W slides down the tapered chamfered portion 21 of the rod 2 and is placed on the mounting table 1 at a predetermined position tK in contact with the lower end surface.

The lower ring-shaped end surface 63 of the descending presser member 6 comes into contact with the upper end surface of the annular body W on the mounting table 1, and its downward movement is stopped. However, at this point, the spring washer 51 has not yet reached the upper edge of the stopper 710 set in a predetermined manner, so it continues to descend as the rod 41 moves forward, and as a result, it stops with the descending spring washer 51. As the through hole 66t of the presser member 60 and the center shaft 5 continue sliding downward, the distance between the upper closed end surface 64 of the presser member 6 and the spring washer 51 gradually approaches. The compression coil spring 8 inserted between the two is sequentially compressed.

Therefore, when the spring washer 51 is prevented from lowering by the stopper 71, the annular body W is moved from above to the first suppressing device 4.
A predetermined method (
It is pressed onto the mounting table 1 via the presser member 6 by the adjusted elastic pressing force. At the same time as the pressing member 6 starts descending, or at a predetermined time t, the cooling ring 9 waiting at the upper standby position starts descending Y: and the mounting table 1
After reaching the position surrounding the upper annular body and stopping, the cooling fluid supplied through the cooling fluid supply pipe 92 is injected from the injection hole 91. The injected cooling fluid directly hits the outer peripheral wall of the annular body W facing the injection holes 91, and also hits the side holes 62 formed in the side peripheral wall of the main body 61 of the holding member 6.
The heat flows into the main body 61 and also flows over the upper end surface of the annular body W and the circumferential wall of the plug 2 that touches the heated annular body W, and the annular body W is rapidly cooled and quenched. Although the injection of the cooling fluid is stopped after a predetermined period of time has elapsed, the annular body W during cooling is
The contraction deformation in the radial direction is effectively prevented by the plug 2 inserted into the inner diameter hole, and the occurrence of warping etc. is also effectively prevented by the adjusted elastic pressing force from above. Next, cylinder 30 rod 31y! / Retract the plug 2 and displace it downward to a position where its tip end surface is below the top surface of the mounting table 1, and then pull out the plug 2 from the inner diameter hole of the annular body W. In this case, since the plug 2 is formed to have a predetermined outer diameter as described above, no strong shrink-fitting phenomenon occurs, and the movement of the annular body W that attempts to follow the downward movement of the plug 2 is prevented. Since it is blocked by the mounting table 1, the above-mentioned pulling out is extremely easy. Subsequently, by retracting the rod 41σ of the first pressing device ft4, the annular body wv second
The pressing force of the pressing device @ 8 is released and the cooling ring 9 is returned to the standby position to complete all quenching and cooling operations, and the annular body W is carried out from the apparatus.

In the above embodiment, it has been explained that the operation of pulling out the plug 2 from the inner diameter hole of the annular body W after cooling is performed before releasing the pressing force from above and before returning the cooling ring 9 to the standby position. may come first, and there is no particular order.

Further, the shape of the holding member 6 is not limited to the shape shown in FIG. 4(a). For example, as shown in FIG. 4(b), the side peripheral holes 62&C may be changed, and the side peripheral wall of the main body 61 may be formed in a comb-teeth shape. The discontinuous circular end surface 63' formed by the tip of each tooth shape allows for positioning when inserting the plano 2 into the inner diameter hole of the annular body W and applying pressing force after insertion, and also for the gap between each tooth shape during cooling. The cooling fluid is configured to be injected into the body cavity of the body 610 through 62'.

There are many other shapes that can achieve the above purpose, but
All of them are merely modifications of the pressing member 6 of the present invention. In addition, when there is no risk of warping due to quenching K due to the thickness of the ring of the annular body W, the presser member 6 is used only to position the annular body W in a fixed position, and the annular body W is In some cases, no pressing force is applied.

As described above, the present invention adopts a single core method for distortion-suppressing quenching cooling of an annular body, uses a plug with an outer diameter dimension sufficiently calculated according to the material and degree of cooling as the core material, and Insertion into and withdrawal from the inner diameter hole is performed from below through a through hole drilled at a predetermined device position on the mounting table, so (1) the strong shrink-fitting phenomenon that existed in conventional single-core systems does not occur. (2) Since the annular body is locked to the mounting table when it is pulled out,
In addition to being extremely easy to pull out, (3) After the annular body is transferred to the mounting table, all quenching and cooling operations are performed on an immovable mounting table, making it easy to incorporate it into the quenching line. (4) It is a method that exhibits remarkable effects, and (4) it eliminates the complicated mechanisms and short service life of conventional equipment (
(5) Chamfering and lowering of the tip end face of the plug can be achieved not only by reducing capital investment and running costs by eliminating the need for components that may (6) The pressing force applied from above to the heated annular body is adjusted to be an elastic pressing force, thereby reducing the pressing force. It is also possible to prevent the occurrence of compression accidents in the axial dimension due to overload and to effectively prevent warpage. Furthermore, by adjusting the forward position of the rod of the first suppression device, (8) It is a device that can be adapted to changes in directional dimensions within a predetermined range and can prevent extremely high shrinkage deformation in the radial direction, so its usefulness is remarkable.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional front view of a container for explaining the first conventional method;
FIGS. 2(a) to 2(e) are for explaining the second conventional method, in which (a) is a plan view of the split core material used in this method, and (b) is a plan view of the split core metal material used in this method. Figure 2 (a) is a cross-sectional front view taken along line A-A, (e) is a cross-sectional front view during use, and Figure 3 (a) is
and (b) are sectional front views of the apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) is before cooling the annular body, (bl is a diagram showing the annular body being cooled, and FIG. 4 (ml and (b) is a perspective view showing an example of a holding member of an annular body used in the device of the present invention, and FIGS. 1... Placement table, 2... Plug, 3... Drive mechanism, 31... Rod of drive mechanism, 4... First pressing device, 41... First pressing device. Rod, 6...
- Pressing member, 62... side circumferential hole, 62', 63
'...WU double dentate lateral periphery, 8...Second suppression device. Patent Applicant Koshuha Netsuren Co., Ltd. Representative Patent Attorney Fushu Kobayashi Figure 3 (a) Figure 3 wJ (b) Figure iR4 (G) Figure 5 (01 (b)

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1.) When an annular body heated to a predetermined quenching temperature is quenched and cooled while controlling shrinkage deformation during cooling, the annular body is sent onto a mounting table so that its end surface is horizontal. The heated annular body is placed in the center of a predetermined loading position with a plug having a chamfered end face that rises through the loading stage from below and enters the inner diameter hole of the annular body, and a suppressor that descends from above. While positioning the annular body to a fixed position using the annular body holding member and K, insert the inner diameter hole of the annular body into the parallel part of the plug whose outer diameter is the same as the inner diameter hole of the annular body at room temperature or has a larger outer diameter within a predetermined range. At the same time, the annular body is placed in a predetermined position and pressed onto the mounting table with an adjustable elastic pressing force, and while maintaining this state, it is moved from the predetermined standby position and the cooling ring that surrounds the outer periphery of the annular body is moved from the predetermined standby position. A method for in-place quenching and cooling of an annular body, characterized in that the annular body is quenched and cooled by jetting a cooling fluid, and after the quenching and cooling, the plug is pulled out from the inner diameter hole of the annular body while the annular body is placed on a mounting table. 2.) The annular body heated to a predetermined quenching temperature is placed on a mounting table so that the end surface is horizontal, and a core material is inserted into the inner diameter hole of the annular body to restrict shrinkage deformation in the radial direction during cooling. When the annular body is pressed from above the mounting table toward the mounting table and quenched and cooled, the outer diameter d of the core material is different from the inner diameter of the annular body at room temperature. The plug has a predetermined length that is the same or slightly larger, and one end of the plug has a tapered surface t, and the other end is a driving force consisting of a cylinder cape placed at a predetermined position below the above-mentioned mounting table. The mechanism is pivoted to the tip of a vertically displaceable rod so that its axis is perpendicular, and when the rod is displaced upwardly,
The required length of the plug passes through a through hole made in the center of the predetermined mounting position of the annular body on the mounting table, so that it can be maintained above the top surface of the mounting table, and when the ron is displaced downward, the end surface of the plug 1. A stationary hardening cooling device for an annular body, characterized in that the cooling device is configured such that the height is below the top surface of a mounting table. 3.) If the outer diameter d' of the plug is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the annular body at room temperature, the range is d=D+D(0,10
3. The stationary quenching and cooling device for an annular body according to claim 2, wherein the VW characteristic is set to 0.20 to 0.20. 4.) Place the annular body heated to a predetermined quenching temperature # on the mounting table so that the end surface is horizontal, and pass through the through hole made in the center of the annular body predetermined mounting position on the mounting table. The above-mentioned annular body of the plug has a tapered surface at its tip, which moves up and down with a taper, maintains the required length above the top surface of the mounting table when displaced upward, and has its tip surface below the top surface of the mounting table when displaced downward. The annular body is pushed through the outer periphery that fits in a predetermined manner with the inner diameter of the annular body to restrict shrinkage deformation in the radial direction during cooling, and the annular body is quenched and cooled while being pressed from above toward the mounting table. A cylinder having a pressing device for pressing an annular body toward a mounting table or a rod that moves forward and backward in the vertical direction and is arranged at a predetermined height directly above a predetermined mounting position on the mounting table and whose forward position can be adjusted. a first pressing device such as, and a second suppressing device consisting of a compression coil spring having a predetermined spring constant, which is attached to the tip KH of the rond of the first pressing device and whose axis coincides with an extension of the axial line of the rond. , the second
a pressing member having a downward U-shaped cross section and having a lower end surface that is attached to the lower end of the pressing device and that can touch the upper end surface of the annular body over the entire annular surface or at predetermined intervals along the entire annular surface; The plug is inserted into the inner diameter hole by the spring force of the second suppressing device with a presser member interposed therebetween, which is adjusted in accordance with the downward displacement of the iron in the first suppressing device to the adjusted predetermined position. A constant fl quenching and cooling device for an annular body, which is capable of regulating or suppressing the annular body at a predetermined mounting position on a mounting table, or both. 5.) Claims characterized in that the side circumference of the holding member is formed with a plurality of side circumferential holes or comb-shaped holes so that the annular body can be cooled from inside the U-shaped body cavity. 5. The stationary quenching and cooling device for an annular body according to item 4.