JPH0122327B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for quenching and cooling an annular body heated to a predetermined quenching temperature.

Annular bodies of various sizes are used as parts of mechanical devices, and these annular bodies are very often hardened. However, when hardening an annular body, if it is heated to a predetermined hardening temperature and then rapidly hardened using oil cooling, water cooling, etc., hardening distortion such as deformation or warping in the radial direction occurs. Occur.

Conventionally, in order to prevent this kind of quenching distortion,
Broadly speaking, the following two methods are being implemented. These are the very simple core single-piece quenching and cooling method shown in FIG. 1, and the core split type quenching and cooling method shown in FIGS. 2a to 2c. In the single core material quenching cooling method shown in Fig. 1, an annular body heated to a predetermined quenching temperature, such as the inner ring W of a conical roller bearing, is fitted into a core material C' formed to have a predetermined outer diameter of a metal core jig C. Fishing fittings H
It is used to immerse it in a cooling liquid. In this method, the jig has a simple structure, so the equipment is inexpensive, but the core jig C of the annular body W
Not only is the work process such as inserting the core material C′ into the core material C′ and carrying it into a cooling tank and immersing it in the cooling tank, but also the outer diameter of the core material C′ is set to a size that can prevent distortion, Shrink fitting W to the core material C' requires separating the annular body W and the core metal C using a press machine after quenching and cooling, and to avoid this, the outer diameter of the core material C' may be If it is set to a small value, a sufficient distortion prevention effect cannot be obtained.
The core split type quenching and cooling method shown in FIGS. 2a to 2c is currently being praised as a solution to this drawback. In this method, a plurality of flexible tongues T are suspended from an annular member R, and the tongues T group are normally arranged on a mandrel whose tips are in a direction toward each other and whose outer sides are tapered. When the annular body W is quenched and cooled using the material C, the group of tongues T are inserted into the inner diameter hole of the annular body W placed on the base B, and the expansion rod P is inserted into the tongues T from the direction of the annular member R. By inserting it into the center of the group, the adjacent tips of the group of tongues T are expanded, and the parallel outer walls of the expanded group of tongues T cause the annular body W to be extended in the radial direction. For example, the base B is lowered and quenching is performed in a cooling liquid tank disposed below while controlling shrinkage and deformation. This method is effective as a strain-preventing quenching and cooling method that eliminates the drawback of the shrink-fitting phenomenon that existed in the single core method. However, not only does the device become complicated, but also the group of flexible tongues T that come into contact with the annular body W are subjected to repeated expansion, repeated contact with a high-temperature body, and repeated cooling. , since the material is subjected to heavy labor and its service life is extremely short, it has the disadvantage that it is not economical in terms of equipment and operating costs, and furthermore, the insertion length of the expansion rod P cannot be adjusted accurately. However, there are technical problems such as the risk of producing defective products with different diameters on both end surfaces of the annular body, and a solution to these problems has been requested.

The present invention was developed for the purpose of eliminating the above-mentioned drawbacks of conventional methods for strain-suppressing quenching cooling of annular bodies, and is a method that achieves the objective of sufficiently suppressing strain using a simple method and a robust structure. and equipment.

The invention will be explained according to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3a and 3b. Reference numeral 1 denotes a mounting table on which the annular body W is placed on the base 101. The annular body W heated to a predetermined quenching temperature is transported onto the mounting table 1 by a loading device (not shown), and is placed with its end face horizontal. The plug shown as 2 is a single unit having a predetermined length and an outer diameter that is the same as or slightly larger than the inner diameter hole of the annular body at room temperature. One end of the plug is provided with a tapered chamfer 21, and the other end is fixed to the tip of a rod 31 of a drive device 3 such as a cylinder placed at a predetermined position below the mounting table 1. The drive device 3 is set so that the rod 31 moves forward and backward in the vertical direction, and the axis of the rod 31 coincides with the center of a predetermined mounting position of the annular body W of the mounting table 1. A through hole 11 having an inner diameter matching the outer diameter of the plug 2 is provided in the center of the predetermined mounting position. Therefore, by setting the specifications appropriately, when the rod 31 is retracted, the end surface of the plug 2 fixed to the tip of the rod 31 will be below the top surface of the mounting table 1, and
It is possible to configure the plug 2 so that the required length of the plug 2 remains above the upper surface of the mounting table 1 when the rod 31 moves forward.

By the way, the outer diameter dimensions of the plug 2 will be explained in more detail. The degree of contraction that occurs when the heated annular body W is cooled varies depending on the material of the annular body W and the degree of cooling. When the annular body W is made of a material that exhibits rapid contraction during quenching and cooling, or when the material does not exhibit such rapid contraction but is cooled to approximately room temperature with sufficient cooling time, the outer diameter of the plug 2 is set to be approximately equal to the inner diameter hole of the annular body W at room temperature, and the annular body W is made of a material that exhibits relatively slow contraction during quenching and cooling, and the material is rapidly cooled to a temperature sufficient to achieve the purpose of quenching. If the plug 2 is to be left to cool afterwards, the outer diameter of the plug 2 is set to be slightly larger than the inner diameter hole of the annular body W at room temperature. From the results of many experiments conducted by the inventor, for example, when the inner diameter D of the annular body W at room temperature is 100 mm, the outer diameter d of the plug 2 is set to be 0.10 to 0.15 mm larger, and the inner diameter of the annular body W is
In the case of 180mm, the outer diameter d of plug 2 should be 0.20 to 0.35mm.
When the size is increased, shrinkage deformation can be sufficiently prevented, and strong shrink fitting phenomenon does not occur. It has been found that the plug 2 fitted into the inner diameter hole can be easily pulled out. Therefore, the outer diameter d of the plug is set to d=D or d=D+D (0.10% to 0.20%) in relation to the inner diameter D of the annular body W at room temperature. Note that 22 is a center hole provided in the tip end face of the plug 2 and used for alignment with a pressing device to be described later.

Directly above the above-mentioned mounting table 1, a first pressing device 4 made of, for example, a cylinder is arranged. The tip of the rod 41, which is driven by the first pressing device 4 and is capable of advancing and retracting in the vertical direction, is directed toward the center of a predetermined placement position on which the annular body W is placed, and a spring is perpendicular to the axis of the rod 41. A washer 51 is fixed, and a center shaft 5 of a predetermined length whose axis is on the same line as the extension of the axis of the rod 41 is fixed to the spring washer 51 in a hanging state. 6 has a U-shaped cross section of a main body 61, which has a plurality of side holes 62 in the side circumferential wall, as shown in FIG. 4a, for example, as shown in FIG. , is a pressing member whose opening end surface 63 is formed to have a diameter that allows it to come into contact with the annular end surface of the annular body W. A guide portion 65 extending at right angles is formed at the center of the closed end surface 64 of the presser member 6, and a through hole 66 having an inner diameter that is slidable on the outer periphery of the center shaft 5 passes through the guide portion 65 and the closed end surface 64. The presser member 6 is inserted into the center shaft 5 through the through hole 66 with its opening end facing down, and is locked to a stopper 52 provided at the lower end of the center shaft 5 to prevent it from falling off. There is. A compression coil spring 8 having a predetermined spring constant wound around the center shaft 5 is inserted between the upper surface of the closed end surface 64 of the holding member 6 and the lower surface of the spring washer 51 in an almost unloaded state. , which form a second pressing device. Further, the downward displacement of the spring washer 51 due to the advancement of the rod 41 of the first pressing device 4, which is made up of the above-mentioned cylinder, etc., is caused by a female thread provided on the inner periphery of the lower end of the fixed case 7, which circles the upper part of the second pressing device. It is configured to be stopped by a positioning stopper 71 consisting of a ring-shaped male thread that is screwed together. Therefore, by screwing the stopper 71 in a predetermined direction, its position can be displaced upward or downward in the figure.
The forward position of the rod 41 of the pressing device 4 can be adjusted. Therefore, by setting the specifications as specified, the opening end surface of the presser member 6 at the tip of the second pressing device, which descends as the rod 41 of the first pressing device 4 moves forward, can be fixed to the annular body on the mounting table 1. Even if the spring washer 51 comes into contact with the upper end surface of the W and stops its downward movement, the spring washer 51 moves forward until its downward movement is prevented by the stopper 71, as shown in FIG. From the locking position by the stopper 52 at the lower end,
The center shaft 5 is relatively slid upwardly, so that the coil spring 8 inserted between the closed end surface 64 of the holding member 6 and the spring washer 51 is compressed, and is then moved by the positioning stopper 71. The forward force of the rod 41 that presses the spring washer 51, which has stopped descending, is used as a reaction force, and the elastic force of the compressed coil spring 8 applies a predetermined pressing force to the mounting table 1 via the holding member 6. can be loaded onto the annular body W of. Nao 5
Reference numeral 3 denotes a center 53 fixed to the distal end surface of the center shaft 5, which is inserted into the center hole 22 formed in the distal end surface of the plug 2 in the raised position when the second pressing device is lowered; The plug 2 and the second pressing device 8 are aligned.

What is shown as 9 surrounding the outer periphery of the holding member 6 at a predetermined gap in FIG. 3a is a cooling ring. A large number of cooling fluid injection holes 91 are provided on the inner circumferential wall of the cooling ring over the entire circumference,
When cooling the annular body W, the annular body W is moved downward to the position shown in FIG. The cooling fluid can be injected from the injection hole 91.

Next, a case will be described in which the heated annular body W is quenched and cooled using the above-mentioned apparatus.

The rod 31 of the cylinder 3 located below the mounting table 1 is in the retracted position, so the tip end surface of the plug 2 is below the top surface of the mounting table 1, and the first pressing device is located above. When the rod 41 of the cylinder 4 is also in the retracted position and the cooling ring 9 is also in the standby position, a wide space is created between the upper surface of the mounting table 1 and the lower end surface 63 of the holding member 6. In this state, the annular body W heated to a predetermined quenching temperature is sent to the space by a carrying means (not shown) and placed on the mounting table 1 with its end face horizontal. FIG. 3a shows this state.
When the annular body W is placed on the mounting table 1, the cylinder 3 is driven to advance the rod 31 and raise the plug 2. Since the plug 2 has a predetermined outer diameter d as described in detail above, and has a tapered chamfer 21 at the tip, it enters the inner diameter hole of the annular body W by the rise, and the annular body W Even if the carry-in and placement position is slightly different from the normal position, this is corrected and when the upward displacement is completed, the annular body W is passed through the inner diameter hole with its lower end surface in contact with the top of the mounting table 1 and placed in the normal position. position. If the loading and mounting position of the annular body W is significantly deviated from the normal position as shown in Fig. 5a, and as the plug 2 rises, the annular body W will be moved as shown in Fig. 5b.
As shown in FIG. 2, there is a case where the plug 2 is latched at an angle, but this can be resolved by the operation explained below. That is, the first pressing device 4 is activated at the same time as the plug 2 starts rising, or at a predetermined time interval. As a result, the rod 41 starts moving forward, and as the rod 41 descends, the spring washer 51 also descends, and the second pressing device also descends, so that the pressing member 6 provided below the second pressing device also descends. Since the holding member 6 is set so that the lower opening end surface 63 is on a plane perpendicular to the axis of the rod 41, the right side in the figure is locked to the chamfered portion 21 of the rod 2, as shown in FIG. 5b above, for example. As the presser member 6 descends in the direction of arrow a, the portion 63' of the lower end surface 63 facing W' of the annular body W first comes into contact with the uppermost portion W' of the annular body W that has become As a result, the annular body W slides down the tapered chamfered portion 21 of the rod 2 and is placed at a predetermined position on the mounting table 1 with its lower end surface in contact with it.

The descending presser member 6 has its lower ring-shaped end surface 63 in contact with the upper end surface of the annular body W on the mounting table 1, and
Its descent will be stopped. However, at this point, the spring washer 51 has not yet reached the upper edge of the stopper 71 set in a predetermined manner, so it continues to descend as the rod 41 moves forward, and as a result, it stops with the descending spring washer 51. The distance between the upper closed end surface 64 of the presser member 6 gradually approaches as the center shaft 5 continues sliding down the through hole 66 of the presser member 6, and this causes the gap between the spring washer 51 and the presser member 6 to become closer. The compression coil spring 8 inserted between the upper closed end surface 64 and the upper closed end surface 64 is sequentially compressed. Therefore, when the spring washer 51 is prevented from lowering by the stopper 71, the annular body W is adjusted as specified by the second pressing device 8 which receives the pressing force of the first pressing device 4 from above as a reaction force. It is pressed onto the mounting table 1 via the holding member 6 by the elastic pressing force. Simultaneously with the start of the descent of the presser member 6, or after a predetermined interval, the cooling ring 9, which is waiting at the upper standby position, begins to descend, reaches a position surrounding the annular body W on the mounting table 1, and stops. Thereafter, the cooling fluid supplied via the cooling fluid supply pipe 92 is injected from the injection holes 91. The injected cooling fluid directly hits the outer peripheral wall of the annular body W facing the injection hole 91, and flows into the main body 61 through the side hole 62 provided in the side peripheral wall of the main body 61 of the holding member 6, and flows into the annular body 61. The flow also flows over the upper end surface of the body W and the circumferential wall of the plug 2 that touches the heated annular body W, and the annular body W is rapidly cooled and quenched. Although the injection of the cooling fluid is stopped after a predetermined period of time has elapsed, the shrinkage deformation of the annular body W in the radial direction during cooling is caused by the plug 2 inserted into the inner diameter hole.
The occurrence of warping, etc. is also effectively prevented by the elastic pressing force adjusted from above. Then rod 3 of cylinder 3
1 is retracted, the plug 2 is displaced downward to a position where its tip end surface is below the upper surface of the mounting table 1, and the plug 2 is pulled out from the inner diameter hole of the annular body W. In this case, since the plug 2 is formed to have a predetermined outer diameter as described above, no strong shrink-fitting phenomenon occurs, and the movement of the annular body W that attempts to follow the downward movement of the plug 2 is prevented. Since it is blocked by the mounting table 1, the above-mentioned pulling out is extremely easy. Subsequently, by retracting the rod 41 of the first pressing device 4, the annular body W is released from the pressing force of the second pressing device 8, and the cooling ring 9 is returned to the standby position, completing all quenching and cooling operations. , the annular body W is carried out from the apparatus.

In the above embodiment, it has been explained that the operation of pulling out the plug 2 from the inner diameter hole of the annular body W after cooling is performed before releasing the pressing force from above and before returning the cooling ring 9 to the standby position. It may be first, and the order does not matter.

Further, the shape of the holding member 6 is not limited to the shape shown in FIG. 4a, but for example, as shown in FIG. Discontinuous circular end face 6 formed by the tip
3' controls the positioning of the plug 2 during insertion into the inner diameter hole of the annular body W and the application of pressing force after insertion.
Further, during cooling, cooling fluid is injected into the body cavity of the main body 61 through the gaps 62' between the respective tooth profiles. Various other shapes can be considered to achieve the above object, but all of them are merely modifications of the holding member 6 of the present invention. In addition, when there is no risk of warpage due to hardening due to the thickness of the ring of the annular body W, the holding member 6 is used only to position the annular body W in a fixed position. In some cases, no pressing force is applied.

As mentioned above, the present invention employs a single core material method for distortion-suppressing quenching cooling of an annular body, uses a plug as the core material with an outer diameter dimension sufficiently calculated according to the material and degree of cooling, and also uses a plug with an outer diameter dimension sufficiently calculated according to the material and degree of cooling, and the inner diameter of the annular body of the plug. Insertion into and withdrawal from the hole is performed from below through a through hole provided at a predetermined mounting position on the mounting table, so (1) the strong shrink-fitting phenomenon that existed in conventional single-core systems does not occur. , (2) Since the annular body is locked to the mounting table during extraction, it can be pulled out extremely easily, and (3) After the annular body is transported to the mounting table, it is completely quenched and cooled on the immovable mounting table. It will be possible to perform operations,
The easier it is to incorporate into the quenching line, the more effective the method is. (5) The chamfering of the tip end face of the plug and the holding member during lowering allow the annular body to be placed in a fixed position. (6) By making the pressing force from above on the heated annular body into a regulated elastic pressing force, it is possible to prevent compression accidents in the axial dimension due to overload of the pressing force. (7) Furthermore, by adjusting the forward position of the rod of the first pressing device, it is possible to adapt to changes in the axial dimension of the annular body within a predetermined range. (8) It is a device that can prevent extremely high radial shrinkage deformation, so its usefulness is remarkable.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional front view for explaining the first conventional method, and FIGS. 2 a to c are for explaining the second conventional method, where a is a split mold used in this method. A plan view of the core metal, b is A- in Fig. 2 a.
A-line cross-sectional front view, c is a cross-sectional front view in use, 3rd
Figures a and b are respectively cross-sectional front views of the apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, and a is a diagram showing the state before cooling the annular body.
b is a diagram showing the annular body being cooled, Figures 4 a and b
5A and 5B are respectively perspective views showing embodiments of an annular pressing member used in the device of the present invention, and FIGS. 5A and 5B are partially sectional front views for explaining the effects of the device of the present invention, respectively. 1... Mounting table, 2... Plug, 3... Drive mechanism, 31
...Rod of the drive mechanism, 4...First pressing device, 41...
Rod of first pressing device, 6... Pressing member, 62... Side circumferential hole, 62', 63'... comb tooth-shaped side circumference, 8... Second pressing device.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. When an annular body heated to a predetermined quenching temperature is quenched and cooled while controlling shrinkage deformation during cooling, the above-mentioned annular body that is sent onto a mounting table with its end face horizontal Place the heated annular body in the center of the predetermined mounting position.
A plug with a chamfered tip that rises through the mounting table from below and enters the inner diameter hole of the annular body, and an annular body holding member of a pressing device that descends from above to position the annular body at a fixed position. At the same time, the inner diameter hole of the annular body is inserted into the parallel part of the plug, which has an outer diameter that is the same as the inner diameter hole of the annular body at room temperature or has a larger outer diameter within a predetermined range, and is fixed at a predetermined position. The annular body is pressed onto the mounting table with pressure, moved from a predetermined standby position while maintaining this state, and quenched and cooled by jetting cooling fluid from a cooling ring that surrounds the outer periphery of the annular body. A method for hardening and cooling an annular body in place, comprising pulling out the plug from an inner diameter hole of the annular body while the annular body is placed on a mounting table. 2 Place the annular body heated to a predetermined quenching temperature on a mounting table so that the end surface is horizontal, and fit a core material etc. into the inner diameter hole of the annular body to restrict shrinkage deformation in the radial direction during cooling. In a device in which the annular body is quenched and cooled while being inserted and pressed from above the mounting table toward the mounting table, the outer diameter d of the core material, etc. is approximately the same as or slightly larger than the inner diameter D of the annular body at room temperature. The plug has a predetermined length, and one end of the plug has a tapered chamfer, and the other end is movable in the vertical direction of a drive mechanism consisting of a cylinder, etc. placed at a predetermined position below the mounting table. The plug is pivoted to the tip of the rod so that its axis is perpendicular, and when the rod is in the upper position, the required length of the plug passes through a through hole formed in the center of the predetermined mounting position of the annular body on the mounting table. 1. A stationary hardening cooling device for an annular body, characterized in that the plug can be maintained above the top surface of the mounting table, and the tip end surface of the plug is below the top surface of the mounting table when the rod is displaced downward. 3. Claim 2, characterized in that when the outer diameter d of the plug is slightly larger than the inner diameter D of the annular body at room temperature, the range is set to d=D+D (0.10% to 0.20%).
A stationary quenching cooling device for an annular body as described in 2. 4 Place the annular body heated to a predetermined quenching temperature on a mounting table so that the end surface is horizontal, and move it up and down through a through hole provided in the center of the annular body on the mounting table. , the inner diameter of the annular body and the predetermined diameter of the plug have a tapered chamfer at the tip, which maintains the required length above the top surface of the mounting table during upward displacement, and makes the tip surface below the top surface of the mounting table during downward displacement. In the case where the annular body is inserted into the outer periphery of the fitting to restrict shrinkage deformation in the radial direction during cooling, and the annular body is quenched and cooled while being restricted or pressed from above toward the mounting table, the annular body is inserted into the mounting table. A first pressing device, such as a cylinder, has a rod that moves forward and backward in the vertical direction and is arranged at a predetermined height directly above a predetermined placement position on the mounting table, and whose forward position can be adjusted. , a second pressing device comprising a compression coil spring having a predetermined spring constant and whose axis coincides with an extension of the axis of the rod, which is attached to the tip of the rod of the first pressing device; a presser member having a downward U-shaped cross section and having a lower end surface that is attached to the lower end and can touch the upper end surface of the annular body over the entire annular surface or at predetermined intervals along the entire annular surface; The plug is inserted into the inner diameter hole by the spring force of the second pressing device, which has a presser member that is adjusted as the rod in the first pressing device is displaced downward to the adjusted predetermined position. 1. A stationary hardening and cooling device for an annular body, characterized in that the annular body can be fixedly regulated or pressed at a predetermined mounting position on a mounting table, or both can be performed. 5. Claim 4, characterized in that the side circumference of the holding member is formed with a plurality of side circumferential holes or comb-shaped holes so as to be able to cool the annular body from the inside of the U-shaped body cavity. A stationary quenching cooling device for an annular body as described in 2.