JPS5823640B2 - Divided key range electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a split-key range electronic musical instrument, and more specifically, in a split-key range electronic musical instrument, the attack time and/or sustain time of a key press envelope is determined independently for each split key range. This invention relates to an improved envelope control device for controlling.

Conventionally, single-keyboard electronic musical instruments have two keyboard ranges: upper and lower.
At the same time, a timbre filter is installed in the musical tone signal path for each divided key area to make the timbre characteristics different. Attempts have been made to enable performances with different tones in different key ranges (for example,
(See No. 1).

However, in this type of electronic musical instrument, it is not possible to take full advantage of the special characteristics of this type of electronic musical instrument by simply changing the tone color for each key range.

An object of the present invention is to develop a new key that can achieve the most effective attack or sustain control in light of the special feature of electronic musical instruments with divided key ranges, in which musical tones with different tones can be generated in each divided key range. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a zone-divided electronic musical instrument.

The main feature of this invention is that, in a split-key range electronic musical instrument, the attack time or sustain time of the key press envelope is controlled independently for each key range as the key range split position is changed. At the point.

According to these characteristics, together with the imparting of different tonal characteristics to each key range, the attack time or sustain time of the key press envelope changes subtly and variously. The timbre changes are extremely rich, making it possible to perform with a rich variety of timbre changes.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the attached circular.

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a divided key range type electronic musical instrument according to the present invention.

The opening/closing control signal generating device 10 includes a large number of waveform forming circuits CW provided for each note name of C2 to C6 corresponding to a large number of key switches (not shown), respectively.
O, 02~C3,C! #3~F, G3~c, , C
? ~Ft.

G4-C5, G? A common attack control input terminal AT and a common sustain control input terminal SS are connected to the waveform forming circuit group CWG corresponding to each note group of G5 to C6.

Each attack control input terminal AT is connected to an attack control switch AT for each upper and lower key range from the waveform control signal generator 12.
, AT2 are applied via the waveform control signal distribution circuit 14, and each sustain control input terminal SS is supplied with an output transistor Q3 . The sustain time control signal generated via Q4 is transmitted to the waveform control signal distribution circuit 1.
Added via 4.

The waveform control signal distribution circuits 14 are a, l), and c, respectively.

3-contact short-circuit type rotary switches 14A to 14D having four fixed contacts d and interlocking with a key range division position selection switch 18 to be described later, and when the switch 18 changes the key range division position. Change the distribution destination of waveform control signals such as attack time control signals and sustain time control signals.

The opening/closing control signal generator 10 determines the key status from each key switch in accordance with the attack time control signal and sustain time control signal sent from the waveform control signal generator 12 via the distribution circuit 14 as described above. An attack envelope and a sustain envelope are added to a signal (specifically, a key-on signal) KS to generate an opening/closing control signal KC expressing a desired key depression envelope.

These opening/closing control signals KC are sent to each opening/closing channel 16A for each waveform forming circuit group.

16B to the corresponding switching circuit group TKG,
It is input to the opening/closing circuit TK of the corresponding note name.

The opening/closing channels 16A and 16B will be described later.

Next, the generation mechanism of the opening/closing control signal KC will be explained by taking the waveform forming circuit CW corresponding to the pitch name C2 as an example.

In the waveform forming circuit CW, two charge/discharge control transistors Q1. Q2 is provided.

The base of the transistor Q1 is grounded through the first charging time constant determining resistor r1 and the key switch KSW1 when a specific key switch (not shown) is turned on, and it determines the on/off state of this specific key switch. An instructing key status signal KS is applied to the base of transistor Q1 via resistor r1.

Further, a charging/discharging capacitor C1 is connected to the emitter of the transistor Q1 via a second charging time constant determining resistor r2, and the collector of the transistor Q1 is connected to the switch 1.
It is grounded via the diode D when the attack control switch AT1- or AT2, which is turned on or off depending on the switching state of 4A and 14B, is turned on.

This diode D is connected to the switches 14A, 14B and the attack control switch AT1. This is a reverse current prevention diode that prevents influence between the waveform forming circuits when the ground potential is not supplied from the circuit consisting of AT2.

Further, a discharge time constant determining resistor R1 is connected in parallel to the capacitor C1, and a potential of -V is applied to the emitter of the transistor Q1 via a parallel path of the capacitor C1 and resistor R1 and a resistor r2. .

The collector of the transistor Q2 is connected to the connection point X between the parallel path of the capacitor C1 and the resistor R1 and the resistor r2,
A potential of 1 is applied to the emitter of the transistor Q2 via a discharge time constant determining resistor R2.

A diode D1 is also connected to the emitter of the transistor Q2.
A key status signal KS is provided via the key state signal KS.

The base of transistor Q2 is connected to switches 14C and 14D.
It is designed to be driven by the output of the output transistor Q3 or Q4 of the sustain control circuit 12A depending on the switching state of the sustain control circuit 12A.

Transistor Q3 or Q4 is driven to be in the on state via diode D3 or D4, respectively, when sustain switch (usually consisting of a normally closed foot switch driven by a sustain pedal) ST is closed to side a. At the same time, when the switch ST is open to the b side, it receives a variable control potential from the variable resistor VR1 or -R2, respectively.

Therefore, the emitter potential of the transistor Q3 becomes the ground potential or a potential controlled by the variable control potential as the movable contact of the sustain switch ST comes into contact with the fixed contact a or b, respectively.

Further, this operation is the same for transistor Q4.

According to the sustain control circuit 12A, the player:
If desired, the movable contact of the sustain switch ST is brought into contact with the fixed contact, and the transistor Q3 is connected.

The emitter potential of Q4 can be set arbitrarily by variable resistors R1 and VR2.

Note that the opening/closing control signal KC as shown in Fig. 2 expresses the key press envelope corresponding to the charge/discharge curve of the capacitor C1.
is taken out from connection point X.

Here, a specific operation for obtaining this opening/closing control signal KC will be explained.

Now, the movable contact of the attack control switch AT1 or Al1 contacts the fixed contact a to maintain the collector of the transistor Q1 at ground potential, and the movable contact of the sustain switch ST contacts the fixed contact a to maintain the base of the transistor Q2. is maintained at approximately ground potential.

In this state, the key switch is off and the key on signal path (
Since the anode side of the diode D1 is at -V potential and the transistor Q2 is on, the capacitor C
1 has been completely discharged due to the parallel circuits B and Cc of resistors R1 and R2.

When the key switch is turned on (key pressed), the key status signal KS takes the ground potential level, so the transistor Q
, is turned on, and the emitter of transistor Q2 is applied with ground potential via the key switch and diode D1, so that transistor Q2 is turned off.

Therefore, capacitor C1 is connected to transistor Q1 and resistor r
It is charged with a time constant of r2·C1 in the thread path of A1 via A2.

The potential change at the connection point X at the start of charging corresponds to the rising envelope of the opening/closing control signal KC at the time of attack, as shown in FIG.

Next, when the key switch is turned off (key released), the key state signal KS takes a floating level, so the transistor Q1 is turned off and the transistor Q2 is turned off.

Therefore, the charge in the capacitor C1 is discharged through the B and C threads.

The discharge curve at this time is expressed as a relatively rapid attenuation (falling) envelope NST in the opening/closing control signal KC shown in FIG.

Due to the charging and discharging action of the capacitor C1 as described above, an opening/closing control signal KC having a key depression envelope as shown by the solid line in FIG. 2 is obtained at the connection point X.

Next, when the movable contact of the attack control switch AT1 or Al1 is brought into contact with the fixed contact, the collector of the transistor Q1 becomes floating, so the transistor Q1 does not function as a transistor, and the PN between its base and emitter is The junction simply acts as an equivalent diode.

Therefore, when the key state signal KS assumes the ground potential level in response to the ON operation of the key switch, the capacitor C1 is It's your turn to be charged.

The charging time constant at this time is expressed as (r1+r2)・C1, so if the charging curve corresponding to this is expressed in the opening/closing control signal KC in Fig. 2, it will correspond to the gentle attack envelope shown by the broken line 0. .

In this way, by operating the attack control switch AT1 or Al1, the attack time in the key press envelope of the opening/closing control signal KC can be arbitrarily changed.

In addition, when the movable contact of the sustain switch ST is brought into contact with the fixed contact (when the sustain pedal is depressed), it is important to bring the movable element of either variable resistor VR1 or ■R2 closer to the ~■ side. Therefore, transistor Q
When the emitter potential of transistor Q3 or C4 is lowered (to the -V side), the base potential of transistor Q2 becomes lower, so that the collector current of transistor Q2 becomes smaller.

Therefore, the discharge current of the capacitor C1 that is discharged through the transistor Q2 and the resistor R2 becomes smaller, and the discharge current is discharged with a larger time constant than when the movable contact of the sustain switch ST is brought into contact with the fixed contact a side.

In this case, the discharge curve has a relatively gentle attenuation (falling) envelope SS in the opening/closing control signal KC shown in Fig. 2.
It is expressed as T.

The key press envelope forming operation described above is the same for other waveform forming circuits other than the waveform forming circuit CW corresponding to note name C2.

The waveform forming circuit CW or waveform forming circuit group CWG corresponding to each note name of C2 to C6 generates the opening/closing control signal of the key press envelope when a key is pressed. The distribution mode of the waveform control signal in the waveform control signal generator 12 and the switch AT1.
AT2. It depends on the operation status of ST and variable resistors VR1 and ①R2.

In the illustrated distribution circuit 14, the attack time control signal generated from the attack control switch AT1 corresponding to the treble side U key range (upper key range) is C? -It is directly supplied to the waveform forming circuit group in the higher range including F7, and
C3-C4 pitch name group, C-F- pitch name group, 02-C3
The corresponding waveform forming circuit groups O are the fixed contacts c and b of the switch 14A, respectively.
, a.

The attack time control signal generated from the attack control switch AT2 corresponding to the bass side key range (lower key range) is 03.
~G4 pitch name group, C? The pitch name groups G2-C3 and C2-F are supplied to the corresponding waveform forming circuits via fixed contacts d, c, and b of the switch 14B, respectively.

On the other hand, the sustain time control signal generated from the output transistor Q4 corresponding to the upper key range is C? ~It is supplied to the waveform forming circuit group in the higher range including the Rei, and the G
3-C4 pitch name group, C! ￥ Cod pitch name group, G2-C3 and C2-F? The corresponding waveform forming circuit groups O are the fixed contacts c, b, and a of the switch 14C, respectively.
Supplied via.

The sustain time control signal generated from the output transistor Q3 corresponding to the lower key range is the note name group of G3-C4, C4:
~F? 1 switch for each waveform forming circuit group corresponding to the note name group o, G2 to C3, and h C2 to Ff.
Supplied via 4D fixed contacts d, c, b.

Here, C2-FF\, G2-C3, C? -1'3. G
Whether each pitch name group 3-C4 belongs to the upper key range or the lower key range is appropriately set by the key range division position selection switch 18 as described later.

For this reason, the four switches 14A to 14D in the distribution circuit 14 described above are arranged to operate in conjunction with the switch 184 as shown by the broken line, and the distribution of each waveform control signal is performed in accordance with the change of the key range division position. Change destination.

For example, in the illustrated switching state where the movable contact of the switch 18 contacts the fixed contact a, the key range is not divided, so all of the waveform forming circuits in the lower range, including G3-C4, belong to the upper key range. From these times.

The attack time control signal from the attack control switch AT1 is applied to the group of paths via the switch 14A.
Sustain time control signals are supplied from the output transistor Q4 via C.

On the other hand, when the movable contact of the switch 18 is brought into contact with the fixed contact d, all of the waveform forming circuits in the lower range, including G3-C4, belong to the lower key range. The circuit group is supplied with an attack time control signal from attack control switch AT2 via switch 14B, and a sustain time control signal from output transistor Q3 via switch 14D.

By referring to the operation example shown here, it is possible to easily infer the waveform control signal distribution operation of the distribution circuit 14 when the movable contact of the switch 18 contacts the fixed contact (c).

Now, next, the two opening/closing channels 16A.

The configuration and operation of the circuit system after the switchgear equipped with 16B will be explained.

A sound source signal S for each note name from a sound source circuit (not shown).

In order to derive the opening/closing in an amplitude modulated form according to the opening/closing control signal generated as described above, in this embodiment, two opening/closing channels 16A and 16B of an 8-foot system and a 16-foot system are connected in parallel. It is set up as follows.

Each opening/closing channel 16A, 16B has a sound source signal S with a certain pitch name, as exemplified with respect to channel 16B.
.

and a corresponding switching control signal KC as inputs. A diode switching circuit TK, which is known per se, is connected from C2 to C.
6 for each note name, and C2 to FF#2. G2
-C3, d-Self, G3~c4゜4~F'? , a4~c
6. The outputs of the opening/closing circuit TK are mixed and taken out for each pitch name in the first group such as c4~le, G, ~C6.

In Figure 1, a group of switching circuits corresponding to a group of note names is denoted by r.
It is indicated by TKGl, and the sound source signal group input to the switching circuit group TKO is indicated by the symbol "S".

As a result of the above configuration, the output terminal of each switching circuit group TKG receives a sound source signal S in response to operation of one or more of the corresponding keys.

An opening/closing output is generated which is amplitude modulated by the opening/closing control signal KC, and particularly when a plurality of keys are operated simultaneously, an opening/closing output is generated which is a mixture of the opening/closing outputs of each key.

The switching output groups from the 8-foot system switching channel 16A are respectively supplied to the mixing circuit 22, and in particular, the G3
- an opening/closing output group corresponding to the pitch name group of C4, an opening/closing output group corresponding to the pitch name group of Shima-R, 02-C3 and C2-F2
The opening/closing output groups corresponding to each pitch name group of # are gate circuits GT1 and GT2, respectively.

The signal is supplied to the mixing circuit 22 through GT3.

In addition, the switching output groups from the 16-foot switching channel 16B are each supplied to the mixing circuit 24,
In particular, the open/close output group corresponding to the G3-C4 pitch name group, and the C3
The opening/closing output group corresponding to the same pitch name group and the opening/closing output group corresponding to each pitch name group of 02 to C3 and C2 to F2# are connected to the mixing circuit via gate circuits GT4, GT6, and GT8, respectively. 24 and on the other hand, respectively, a gate circuit C7r5.

GT7. The signal is supplied to the mixing circuit 28 via GT9.

Here, a system for generating gate control signals supplied to gate circuits GT1 to GT9, respectively, will be described.

The key range division position selection switch 18 has a movable contact connected to an 11'' level signal source and rotationally driven by a rotating shaft, and four fixed contacts a and b that sequentially contact this movable contact.

c, d, and the aforementioned opening/closing channel 16A.
, 16B, four switching position outputs corresponding to the division positions on the key area of the opening/closing output group are generated.

The gate control logic circuit 20 includes nine OR gates OG1 to OG9 having input connections as shown by circles M, and converts the switching position output from the switch 18 into a group that specifies the corresponding key range division position. It is designed to be converted into a gate control signal.

The gate control signals output from each OR gate OG1 to OG9 are applied to the control input terminals of the corresponding gate circuits GT1 to GT9, and each gate circuit GT1 to GT9 receives the gate control signal force applied to each control input terminal. When it takes the 1" level, it becomes a signal transmission state or a conduction (on) state.

According to such a configuration, the following positions are established between the dividing position on the key range of the opening/closing output corresponding to each pitch name group and the switching position of the movable contact of the switch 18 for the fixed contacts a, b, c, and d. A correspondence relationship as shown in the table can be provided.

Therefore, if the movable contact of the switch 18 is brought into contact with, for example, the fixed contact a, the OR gate OG1. OG2
, OG3 , OG4 , OGB , OGB output is 1
“level, so the corresponding gate circuits GTI, G
T2, GT3, GT4, GT6.

GT8 becomes conductive, all the switching output groups of the 8-foot system are mixed in the mixing circuit 22, and the 16-foot system
All switching output groups of the foot system are mixed in the mixing circuit 24.

On the other hand, when the movable contact of the switch 18 is brought into contact with the fixed contacts d&, for example, the gate circuit OG5.

Only the outputs of OG7 and OG9 become 11" level, and only the corresponding gate circuits GT5, GT7, and GT9 become conductive. Out of the 16-foot system switching output group, G3-
The opening/closing output group in the bass range from the note name group C4 is supplied to the mixing circuit 21, where it is mixed.

Similarly, when the switch 18 is set to B or C, each of the 16-foot system opening/closing output group has 02
~ Opening/closing output group in the lower range than the pitch name group of C3 or C3#-F
? The opening/closing output group in the lower range than the pitch group is the mixing circuit 2.
It will be mixed at 8.

If you want to change the correspondence between the switch position of the switch 18 and the key range division position, use the OR game in the logic circuit 20.
The input connections of OG1 to OG9 may be changed as appropriate.

From the viewpoint of maintenance, it is more preferable to use a plug board or the like to easily change the input connections of the OR games OG1 to 00G9.

Note that the logic circuit 20 can have other logic configurations other than the combination of OR gates, for example, if another type of switch is used as the switch 18.

The 8-foot system treble range mixed output U8' from the mixing circuit 22 is the treble range timbre filter U11 selected by the timbre selection device TS. The 16-foot high range mixed output U16' from the mixing circuit 24 is selected by the tone selection device TS. Another treble range timbre filter U21, U22...
The signal is supplied to the mixing circuit 44 via one or more of the following.

Furthermore, the 16-foot bass range mixed output from the mixing circuit 28 and the timbre selection device TS! 16' are similarly output.
The bass range timbre filter L11. thus selected. L1
The signal is supplied to the mixing circuit 30 via one or more of the following.

The high range mixed musical tone signal US taken out from the mixing circuit 26 is applied to one input end of the mixing circuit 52,
The low range mixed musical tone signal LS taken out from the mixing circuit 30 is sent to the mixing circuit 3 via an attenuation variable resistor 32.
4 to the other input end.

The mixed musical tone signal output from the mixing circuit 34 is supplied to an output amplifier 38 via a variable resistor 36 for volume adjustment, and a speaker 40 is driven by the output of this amplifier 38, which converts the corresponding acoustic signal, that is, a musical tone. Ru.

In the above description, an electronic distribution circuit 44 as shown in FIG. 3 may be used instead of the distribution circuit 14.

In FIG. 3, the same parts as in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals.

The waveform control signal distribution circuit 44 in FIG. 3 receives switching position outputs from fixed contacts a, b, c, and d of the key range division position selection switch 18 through input connections as shown by circles M. OR gates 0G11 to 0G16 and gate circuits GT11 to 0G16 controlled by the outputs of the OR gates, respectively.
It has GT16° and GT21 to GT26.

Upper key range 0. The attack time control signal generated from the corresponding attack control switch AT1 is directly supplied to the waveform forming circuit group G in the higher frequency range, including the 禮 to 笆, and also to the pitch name groups 03 to C4, C? , F? pitch name group, G2
-C3 and C2 to F- pitch name groups [The corresponding waveform forming circuit groups each have a gate circuit GTI 6.

It is supplied via GTl 4 and GTl 2.

The attack time control signal generated from the attack control switch AT2 corresponding to the lower key range is the note name group of G3-C4,
Gate circuits GT15.C4:, G2-C3, and waveform forming circuit groups corresponding to the pitch group G2-C3 and C2-intercept, respectively, are provided with gate circuits GT15. GT13. It is supplied via GT11.

On the other hand, the sustain time control signal generated from the output transistor Q4 corresponding to the upper key range Q is a wave in the higher range including C4;, f.

It is directly supplied to the shadow forming circuit group, and the pitch name group of G3-C4, C? -F snow pitch name group, G2-C3 and C2-F
Each of the waveform forming circuit groups corresponding to the pitch name groups includes gate circuits GT26. GT24° Supplied via GT22.

Corresponds to the lower key range. The sustain time control signal generated from the output transistor Q3 is a note group of G3-C4, C?
-f, pitch name group, G2-C3 and C2 to F2#, respectively, are supplied via gate circuits GT25, GT23 and GT21, respectively.

As described above, the distribution circuit 44 is an electrical or electronic representation of the mechanical switch type distribution circuit shown in FIG. 1, and has the same effect as that shown in FIG. It is something.

For example, if the movable contact of the key range division position selection switch 18 is in contact with the fixed contact a, the number is OR game) OGl2
The outputs of ゜OGI 4 and OGl 6 become "l" level, and the gate circuits GT 12 - GT 22 and GT 14
-GT24 and GTI 6-GT26 are each in a signal transmission state.

Therefore, in this case, the attack time control signal and sustain time control signal corresponding to the bass range are not distributed at all,
The attack time control signal and sustain time control signal corresponding to the high frequency range are G3~c, , C? -Ba, G2-C3
, C2 to C4 are distributed to waveform forming circuit groups corresponding to each of the pitch name groups.

If you refer to this operation example, the signal distribution operation when the movable contact of the switch 18 comes into contact with a fixed contact Q other than the fixed contact a will be obvious.

As described above, the electronic musical instrument according to the present invention can independently control the attack time and sustain time for each divided key region as the key region division position is changed, thereby improving the aspect of performance expression. is extremely abundant.

For example, by operating the key range division position selection switch 18 and bringing its movable contact into contact with the fixed contact C, C.
In a state where the key range is divided so that the lower notes including F snow are in the lower key range, and the higher notes including 03 to C4 are in the upper key range, the upper key range and lower key range are Attack control switch AT1. AT2 and variable resistor ■R1,
(2) Performance can be performed by setting R2 and controlling the sustain switch ST on and off as appropriate.

Here, attack control switch A Tl I A T2
The variable resistors R1 and R2 and the sustain switch ST can be operated independently for each key range whenever the switching state of the key range division position selection switch 18 changes.

Therefore, the modes of performance expression related to timbre changes are extremely diverse, and by appropriately selecting these, it becomes possible to create more subtle performance expressions.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electronic musical instrument equipped with a tone control device according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram showing opening/closing control signals used in the device of FIG. 1, and FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram illustrating another waveform control signal distribution circuit that can be used in the apparatus of FIG. 1. FIG. 10... Opening/closing control signal generator, 12...
... Waveform control signal generator, 14, 44... Waveform control signal distribution circuit, 16A, 16B... Open/close channel, 18... Key range division position selection switch, 20 ......Logic circuit for gate control.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Every time a specific key among a large number of keys is pressed, a sound source signal corresponding to the pitch name of that specific key is amplitude-modulated with an opening/closing control signal expressing a desired key depression envelope. an opening/closing device that generates an opening/closing output, and a key area that splits and transmits the opening/closing output so as to divide the key area into at least two upper and lower parts, with the key area dividing position specified by the key area dividing position selection switch being opposite to each other. A dividing device, timbre filters having mutually different timbre characteristics provided in the transmission path of the opening/closing output for each divided key range, and a device for mixing the musical tone outputs from these timbre filters and producing sound. In an electronic musical instrument, there is provided a device that generates a waveform control signal for each divided key range to control the attack time or sustain time in the key press envelope, and a key range division position that is changed by the key range division position selection switch. Accordingly, a device for distributing and supplying the waveform control signal to each divided key area is provided, and the attack time or sustain time in the key press envelope is set for each divided key area in accordance with the distributed waveform control signals. A split-key range electronic musical instrument characterized by independent control.