JPS5823484B2 - Heinetsu Ryouhatsuden Sochi - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an improvement in a power generation device that utilizes waste heat, and particularly to a power generation device that utilizes low-temperature heat that uses a working fluid such as Freon whose evaporation temperature is significantly lower than that of water.

That is, in this type of power generation device, high pressure steam is created by evaporating the working fluid using heat such as exhaust heat, and this is applied to the turbine to rotate it, thereby driving the generator connected to it. After generating electricity, the vapor of the working fluid is cooled in a condenser to liquefy or become a gas below room temperature, which is then sent to the evaporator again by a pump and circulated so that it is evaporated by heat.

Therefore, in such a power generation device, leakage of the working fluid from the circulation system causes various problems.

In other words, not only is the working fluid consumed, but the pressure drop associated with the decrease in the working fluid in the circulation system reduces power generation efficiency, so it is necessary to prevent the above leakage, but it is necessary to prevent the above leakage. Since there are rotating parts such as pumps, it is difficult to prevent leakage, and since these types of power generation equipment are operated continuously for long periods of time, a special operation method is used instead of conventional water (pure water). This becomes a big problem when using fluids or working fluids with special additives.

Furthermore, the present invention is not a heat source that can continuously obtain a predetermined amount of water vapor at a temperature higher than about 130°C, but is lower than that and does not change the degree of continuity or amount over time. It utilizes so-called waste heat, and uses a special working fluid with a low evaporation temperature, and such working fluid may not be harmful to humans, animals or others, or harmful substances, as will be described later. In some cases, a working fluid containing .

The present invention was proposed in order to solve the problem of slanting, and the present invention has been proposed in order to solve the problem of slanting. A pump and/or a driving electric motor for the pump are housed in two or one airtight container, respectively, and pressurized gas is supplied into the airtight container by a gas supply device to maintain the working steam pressure of the turbine. It was designed to balance the

The present invention will be explained below with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings.

Figure 1 is a conceptual diagram of a conventional power generation device, and Figure 2A is a conceptual diagram of a conventional power generation device.

As will be described later, B shows an example of a closed container used in the exhaust heat utilization power generation device in the present invention.

The same symbols in the figures represent the same things.

In FIG. 1, 1 is a turbine, 2 is a generator provided directly connected to the turbine 1, and 3 is a generator that is connected to at least the turbine 1 and the generator 2 to prevent leakage of working fluid or its steam or gas, which will be described later. It is an airtight container for storing the gas, and has the above-mentioned airtightness and desired pressure resistance so as to be able to accommodate pressurized gas supply for maintaining operating vapor pressure equilibrium.

4 is a governor that controls the amount of steam according to the amount of power generation, and 5 is an evaporator that generates high-pressure steam or high-temperature gas as a working fluid. In this embodiment, hot water heated by exhaust heat is circulated and supplied to the circulation system. The working fluid is configured to perform field exchange with the working fluid.

6 is a condenser that cools and liquefies the vapor of the working fluid by heat exchange with circulating cooling water; 1 is a pump that supplies the working fluid cooled by the condenser 6 under pressure to the evaporator 5; 8 is a pump for driving the same; The engine 9 is a pressurized gas supply device that supplies pressurized gas into the airtight container 3, and is intended to balance the operating steam pressure of the turbine 1 and smooth the operation of the turbine 1. By changing the gas pressure of the pressurized gas supply device 9, the evaporation temperature of the working fluid can be selectively set.

10 is a lubricating oil receiver for the turbine 1 and the generator 2, and 11 is an output terminal of the generator 2.

FIG. 2A shows a turbine 1 and a generator 2 inside the sealed container 3.
2 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention in which a pressurized supply pump 7 for working fluid is also accommodated.

FIG. 2B shows a modified embodiment in which an electric motor for driving the pressurized supply pump is further housed in the closed container 3 shown in FIG. It may be separated into rooms.

Although the closed container 3 shown in FIGS. 2A and 2H is not shown, it has a pressurized gas supply device 9 whose gas pressure can be changed and set similarly to the closed container 3 shown in FIG. 1. .

As mentioned above, the evaporator 5, turbine 1, and condenser 6, through which the working fluid flows in the form of liquid, vapor, or gas, are connected in series by piping, and the working fluid filled in this circulation system under pressure is transferred to the condenser. The liquid is circulated in the evaporator 5 and the turbine 1 as high pressure and relatively high temperature steam or gas at the outlet 6.

Therefore, the waste heat referred to in the present invention refers to heat that was conventionally released or dissipated as hot air into the atmosphere, or as used cooling water released into the natural world such as industrial water, river water, or sea water. For example, at an incinerator that incinerates municipal waste or industrial waste, the hot air discharged from the incinerator can be recovered directly or by installing a hot water boiler, or conventional water or pure water can be used in such an incinerator. If a power generation device is used as the working fluid, the exhaust heat recovered by the cooling water in the condenser of the power generation device, or industrial water or seawater from various thermal power plants and thermal power generators at various locations. This refers to artificial waste heat that is recovered by cooling water and released into the natural world.

That is, in conventional power generating apparatuses using ordinary water or pure water as a working fluid, or even if it is not impossible to generate electricity, the low temperature waste heat has poor power generation efficiency and has been discarded.

As described above, since the power generation device of the present invention is usually at a low temperature,
Alternatively, since the amount of heat is small and the waste heat is being discarded in the natural world, the temperature difference in the working fluid circulation system is small, and therefore the working fluid is water or pure water. It is clear that it is necessary to use special substances other than water, and in the present invention, for example,
The boiling points of R-11, R-21, R-114, R-216, etc. are 23.72℃, 8.92℃, 3.55℃, 35℃
various freons, 3-methyl-1-butene ((OH3)20H-OH=OH2) with a boiling point of 20.1°C, 1 with a boiling point of 19°C
・2-butadiene, ethylene oxide (CH
20CH2), vinyl bromide with a boiling point of 15.8°C, or 40% methyl formate with a boiling point of about 20.4°C - 8 polyethyl ether - balance pentane (weight ratio), 3.
A liquid or gas having a low evaporation temperature, such as a mixture of 5% ethyl alcohol and the remainder 2 methylbutane, is used as the working fluid by being filled under pressure.

As long as Freon is used in the working fluid, it has almost no toxicity or corrosiveness to the human body or materials, so from this point alone, it is necessary to seal the turbine 1 and generator 2 together as mentioned above. However, the working fluids mentioned above are selected depending on the purpose and operating conditions, etc.
On the other hand, since the present invention utilizes waste heat, it is inevitable that power generation will occur at a low temperature difference, and therefore, the power generation efficiency will not be sufficiently high. However, if the working fluid leaks from the circulation system, In addition to simply causing a loss of working fluid, the pressure drop of the working fluid in the circulation system greatly affects the reduction in power generation efficiency.

Therefore, it is conceivable to seal each device using a shaft sealing device, but the mechanism is complicated and expensive, and the reliability is poor, and there are also problems in terms of service life.

In consideration of these points, the present invention further includes a turbine 1 through which a working fluid flows and a generator 2 provided almost directly connected to the turbine 1, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. A fluid circulation pump 1, or when the circulation pump 7 is provided with a drive motor 8 separately, the pump 1 including the motor 8 may be integrated with the turbine 1, etc., or as shown by the broken line in Figure B. It is composed of two pieces that are sealed together or separately and sealed in a sealed container 3. The container 3 can be provided with a peephole, an opening/closing lid, etc. as necessary, but connections and piping penetrations, etc. are welded or otherwise. In addition, the two outputs of the generator and the conductor wires for one electric motor are sealed by a fixed sealing means such as a hermetic seal.

As the constituent material of the container 3, corrosion-resistant and pressure-resistant metal materials depending on the working fluid used, such as stainless steel, are mainly used, but metals reinforced with carbon fibers or whiskers, and synthetic resin materials can also be used.

In addition, the gas used in the pressurized gas supply device 9 is preferably the same as the working fluid used, but is not necessarily limited to this, and any gas that has high insulation properties and will not cause any harm even if leaked is used. Good.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is now possible to generate power using waste heat, which was conventionally released and discarded because only a low temperature difference can be obtained, by using a low boiling point working fluid, and the movable parts of the power generation device are sealed in a container. and eliminates various problems associated with leakage of the working fluid from the place where pressurized gas is supplied into the closed container to balance it with the working steam pressure of the turbine and a complete seal is achieved, Furthermore, since the turbine, generator, and pump are housed in the same container, if the power of the turbine is used as power for the pump, the electric motor for driving the pump can be omitted, making it possible to generate electricity with high efficiency. This eliminates equipment failure due to the presence of impurities and dust, eliminates the need for maintenance, and enables long-term use.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a conventional power generation device, and second drawings A and B are structural diagrams of different embodiments of the present invention. 1... Turbine, 2... Generator, 3.
...Airtight container, 5...Evaporator, 6...
...Capacitor, 1...Pump, 8...
...Electric motor for driving the pump.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An evaporator, a condenser, and a pump are connected in series to a turbine connected to a generator, and the working fluid sealed in the circulation system of the evaporator, turbine, condenser, and pump is transferred to the evaporator by exhaust heat (geothermal heat). In power generation using waste heat, in which a turbine is operated by evaporating water (excluding water), a working fluid having a sufficiently lower evaporation temperature than water is used as the working fluid, and the generator, turbine, and pump are housed. 1. A power generation device utilizing waste heat, comprising: an airtight container; and a pressurized gas supply device for supplying pressurized gas into the airtight container to balance the working steam pressure of the turbine.