JPS58200968A - Absorption air conditioner - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an absorption refrigerating machine (hereinafter referred to as an absorption chiller) that utilizes an absorption refrigeration cycle and is used for cooling cold water, making ice, or for heat pumps.

As shown in Figure 1, absorption chillers that have been commonly used in the past consist of an eliminator (1), an evaporator (2), and an absorber (
3), and has a vessel side (5) configured such that the refrigerant vaporized in the evaporator (2) is absorbed by the absorption liquid flowing down the surface of the heat exchanger (4) of the absorber. . And the absorber (3
) and the heat exchanger (4>(61) built in the evaporator (2)
The refrigerant gas is composed of a group of horizontally arranged tubes, and the refrigerant gas vaporized in the evaporator (2) flows into the horizontal absorber (3) and is absorbed therein. In such a conventional structure, no particular consideration was given to the absorption efficiency of the refrigerant in the absorber (3), the relationship between the absorption liquid concentration and the temperature gradient, etc.

The structure of such a conventional absorption chiller is different from that of an absorption chiller using a water-no-lithium-rodanide absorption refrigeration cycle.
There is no problem in combinations of refrigerant and absorbent, where the vapor pressure of the absorbent is extremely low. The combination is Freon 22-tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 1. In absorption chillers using TFE (refluoroethanol)-N methyl 2-pyrrolidone system, etc., it not only prevents the absorption gas from being mixed into the flow of the refrigerant gas, but also promotes the absorption of the refrigerant into the absorption liquid. In such cases, depending on the temperature conditions, the absorbent vaporizes and changes to the vapor phase, which is accompanied by a decrease in the refrigerant absorption capacity.

The present invention has been developed in view of these points, in order to bring the vapor composition in each cross section of the absorber of an absorption chiller close to equilibrium with the absorption liquid concentration, so that the temperature gradient inside the absorber is adjusted to the refrigerant. This is an improved arrangement of the heat exchanger built into the absorber so that it becomes lower toward the inlet.
The main purpose is to improve the refrigerant absorption efficiency in the absorber.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In Figure 2, (7) is a combustion equipment f (8) for kerosene, gas, etc.
(9) is a generator that gasifies and separates the refrigerant by heating and boiling an absorption liquid (hereinafter referred to as concentrated liquid) that has absorbed a large amount of refrigerant; The rectifier vessel (a) is a partial condenser that performs final separation of absorbent components by cooling the gas flow sent from the rectifier (9) with a heat exchanger (former heat exchanger). The liquid separated in the condenser O0 is led to a liquid dispersion, which is sprayed from the upper part of the rectifier (9) to form a gas-liquid contact liquid for separating the refrigerant and absorbent. 0( has a built-in heat exchanger θa in which a pipe is wound in a helical shape around the outer circumference of the rectifier (9). It is liquefied in the condenser 051, and the pressure is lowered in the pressure reducing valve Oe. The evaporator, Q'7), which applies heat to the sprayed liquid refrigerant from the heat exchanger 04) to vaporize it, separates the refrigerant in the generator (7) and uses the absorption liquid (hereinafter referred to as replenishment liquid), which has a low concentration of cold m. The refrigerant gas vaporized in the evaporator 03) is absorbed by reducing the pressure of the refrigerant (called 03) with the pressure reducing valve α mark and spraying it from the spraying device Ql,
As a result, the evaporator 03 is an absorber that continuously absorbs heat from the heat source fluid at a low temperature level flowing through the heat exchanger 04), and the evaporator 0 (and absorber 07) are They communicate with each other, and have a concentric arrangement such that the absorber 0η is located on the outer circumferential side or the inner circumferential side of the evaporator OJ. 2
1) is a solution pump that returns the concentrated liquid that has absorbed the refrigerant in the absorber 07) to the generator (power), and the solution pump (2)
The concentrated liquid pipe (c) with 1) has a heat exchanger 09 that cools the inside of the demultiplexer OI, and a heat exchanger that preheats the concentrated liquid by exchanging heat with the replacement liquid sent from the generator (7) to the absorber 07). heat exchanger (c)
is installed.

In addition, the rectifier (9) is surrounded by a heat insulating material Q4, and is thermally separated from the evaporator and absorber arranged outside, and the inside is separated from the liquid sprayed by the sprayer α2 and generated. A concentrating section (A) containing a filler (C) that brings the gas flow flowing from the container (7) toward the condenser α side into gas-liquid contact, and a filler that also promotes gas-liquid contact between the gas flow and the concentrated liquid. - is installed in a vertical direction, and the liquid that has fallen through between the filling materials (c) of the concentrating section (a) is collected together with the concentrated liquid that is sprayed onto the filling materials by spraying. (to) and the generator (
I am trying to return to 7).

In addition, the absorber clη and the condenser ryQ51 have a built-in heat exchanger (to) 01) formed into a coil shape that goes around the rectifier (9), and the heat exchanger (7), C31) is supplied with water or By circulating brine, the heat of the absorber αη and/or condenser 09 can be discharged (used in the case of a heat pump) to the outside of the machine. The cooler 01) has a cooling function in the dephlegmator 01.

Therefore, the absorber 07) of the present invention has an absorption liquid receiver G' in the middle part.
The absorption liquid sprayed from above is once collected in the absorption liquid receiver C32 and then dripped downward again. The heat source fluid exiting from the
In the heat exchanger ((l) above the third power, hot water heated and raised in temperature by this absorption chiller is circulated from below to above. This allows for a structure in which the number of absorbers is increased.

In the absorption chiller of the present invention having a closed circulation cycle of a refrigerant and an absorbent connected by piping so as to have the equipment configuration as described above, trifluoroethanol is used as a refrigerant and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is used as an absorbent. , an example in which a heat pump is operated will be described. The Duering diagram in this case is as shown in FIG. 3.

Now, when the temperature at the inflow point of the heated fluid into the absorber 07) is 35"C and the temperature at the outlet (8) is 45°C,
The concentration (TFEwt%) of the sprayed absorption liquid is
7), the liquid phase is 30 wt% and the gas phase is 75 wt%, and near the absorption liquid receiver (to) the liquid phase is 44% and the gas phase is 92%, and below from the absorption liquid receiver C32, the temperature and absorption are further increased. As the liquid concentration gradually decreases, near the refrigerant inlet (A) of the absorber C171, the refrigerant evaporated from the evaporator 03 (continuous temperature gradient, in other words, the absorber 0n is the refrigerant vaporized in the evaporator 03). A gradient can be formed in which the temperature decreases toward the inflowing steel.

C34) is a baffle attached to the inside of the absorber wall @, which allows the refrigerant vapor to rise evenly within the absorber, and prevents the refrigerant from flowing along the absorber wall (Iη). Such a backflush (2) is preferable in terms of downsizing the heat exchanger Gυ and the absorber 071.

In a conventional absorption chiller without such a configuration, for example, when operating a heat pump using a refrigerant-absorbent system as described above, a liquid phase of 14 wt% , gas phase 92wt%. In this state, when the refrigerant gas vaporized in the evaporator 07) flows into the absorber 07), as the refrigerant gas is absorbed by the absorption liquid, a phenomenon occurs in which the absorbent vaporizes, causing the absorption This will impede the capacity and eventually stop the refrigerant vaporization in the evaporator 0.

However, according to the absorption chiller of the present invention, at the refrigerant inlet port (2) where the absorber OTI communicates with the evaporator (131), the concentration of the absorption liquid on the gas phase side and the vaporized refrigerant flowing into the absorber αη are determined. Since it is possible to achieve a near-equilibrium state, it is possible to prevent the phenomenon of absorbent evaporation at the refrigerant inlet part of the absorber.Even in an absorption chiller using an absorbent with a relatively high vapor pressure, refrigerant absorption inhibition and evaporation can be prevented. This can reduce the causes of inhibition, and is particularly effective when operating an absorption chiller as a heat pump.

In the embodiment of the heat pump described above, a heat source fluid having a temperature of several degrees Celsius is supplied, and hot water of 35° C. can be heated to nearly 60° C. and then supplied outside the machine.

In the above explanation, the heat pump was mainly explained, but heat is generated inside the absorber so as to form a temperature gradient from the absorption liquid distribution device side to the refrigerant inlet @. The idea of arranging an exchanger is also effective when an absorption chiller is used in an air-conditioning water chiller, a refrigerator, an ice maker, etc. Also, when using a refrigerant-absorbent, the vapor pressure of the absorbent is Unless it is particularly low, the effects of the present invention can be expected not only with the above-mentioned pyrrolid/type absorbents but also with other absorbents.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of the evaporation absorption side of a conventional absorption chiller, Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the absorption chiller according to the present invention, and Fig. 3 is a refrigerant absorbent used in the same manner. FIG. 7 - generator, 10 - condenser, 13 - evaporator, 17 - absorber, 19 - absorption liquid distribution device, 20 - inlet, Fig. 1 f: 4S2 Fig. 3

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A generator that separates the absorbent component from the gas stream heated and vaporized by the generator and converts it into refrigerant gas, a condenser that cools and liquefies the refrigerant gas, and a liquid refrigerant that obtains heat from the fluid outside the machine. an evaporator that vaporizes the refrigerant, and an absorber that absorbs the vaporized refrigerant by dispersing an absorption liquid whose refrigerant components have been reduced by separating the refrigerant in the generator, and these generators, condensers, evaporators, and In a refrigerant-absorbent circulation cycle in which an absorber is airtightly connected with piping, the absorber is configured to form a temperature gradient from the absorption liquid distribution device to the inlet of the refrigerant vaporized in the evaporator. An absorption chiller characterized by: