JPS58197594A - Status quantity detector for rotor - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention relates to a device for detecting state quantities of a rotating body.

Conventionally, state quantities of a rotating body such as a turbine or a compressor, such as the distortion of the rotor blades that are attached to the rotor in the radial direction and perform energy conversion between the rotating shaft and the working fluid, and the surface of the rotor blade. When measuring pressure or temperature at a certain point on a rotating body, a slip ring or radio telemeter is used to extract signals from the rotating body to the outside. A configuration diagram of the state quantity detection device is shown in Figure 1. Various state quantities obtained by the state sound detection sensor 3 on the rotating body, such as a strain gauge, a thermocouple, or a pressure transducer, are transmitted via the transmitter 20 to the transmitting antenna 21 and then to the receiving antenna 41 on the stationary side.
sent to. 4 is a battery and a 40Fi receiver. As described above, the various states t are taken out from the rotating side to the external stationary side. When extracting signals externally using a radio telemeter, the end of the rotating shaft must not be used, there are restrictions on several bands, and when transmitting multiple state quantity signals, carrier waves must have a certain frequency interval to avoid interference. Therefore, an interval of 2 MHz or more is required to avoid interference on the transmission line. For the reasons mentioned above, the sill radiotelemeter has the disadvantage that it cannot transmit a large number of state quantity signals, that is, there is a limit to the number of channels. It also has disadvantages, such as the troublesome setting of transmitting and receiving antennas, and the generation of noise during transmitting and receiving due to the influence of surrounding metal objects and magnetic fields. Slip rings can extract more channel signals than radio telemeters, but because they use the end of the rotating shaft and use mercury or carbon brushes to send and receive signals between the rotating and stationary sides, noise is generated at the contact area. There are disadvantages such as being easy to understand and not knowing much about the outside world. .

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a state quantity detection device for a rotating body that can be easily multi-channeled and is free from noise generation due to the influence of magnetic fields and the like.

The present invention is characterized in that a state quantity detection device for a rotating body includes a sensor for detecting the state quantity of the rotating body on the rotation side of the rotating body, and a device that converts the state quantity into an electrical signal together with the sensor. The system is provided with at least one electro-optical conversion element that converts an electrical signal into an optical signal, and a power supply unit that supplies power to these elements, and an amplification bias circuit unit that amplifies and biases the electrical signal, while At least one photoelectric conversion element is arranged on the stationary side in the circumferential direction of the rotating body so that the light output directions thereof coincide with each other, and the optical signal output from the spot-focused light conversion element is transferred to the optical 111 conversion element. 'Drowsiness4' is converted into a number to detect the state quantity of the rotating body.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A device for detecting the state quantity of a corotator using light, which is an embodiment of the present invention, will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a rotary machine showing the arrangement of an optical signal exchange device in an apparatus for detecting the state quantity of a rotating body using light according to an embodiment of the present invention. @Zengzen Sensor 3 for detection, power supply unit 4 for supplying power,
Amplification bias circuit wj15 for adding signal amplification bias
, an electro-optic conversion element 5'3 that converts an electrical signal representing the state quantity obtained by the sensor 3 into an optical signal, which is attached to the stationary side and converts the optical signal emitted from the electro-optic conversion element 5' into an electrical signal. It consists of a photoelectric conversion element 6 that performs conversion.

A state quantity detection unit 3 installed on the rotating side 1 of the turbine or compressor overflow for the purpose of measuring strain, pressure, temperature, etc. is operated by electric power supplied from the power supply unit 4. The electrical signal of the detected state quantity is appropriately amplified and biased by the amplification bias circuit section 15, and sent to the electro-optical conversion element 5'. The electro-optic conversion element 5' constantly outputs light with an intensity proportional to the input electric signal 1,a from above the rotating body 1-, and the light output direction of the electro-optic conversion element 5' is directed to the stationary side, that is, on the casing. Light is sensed by one or more photoelectric conversion elements 6 disposed in the circumferential direction of the rotating body so as to face each other, and a current proportional to the intensity of the light is output. - As an example, we will describe the extraction of the state tm from the rotating body and the reproduction of the state quantity in the case of a state quantity detection top/body combination.

A semiconductor laser is used as the electro-optical conversion element. If there is no change in the state iWMt detected during one rotation of the rotating body,
One photoelectric conversion element installed on the stationary side is sufficient -G
However, if the state quantity changes during one rotation, a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements are required. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing signal output and output signals when the state quantity does not change during one revolution of the rotating body. In FIG. 3, the illustration of the casing hook is omitted, and only the charge conversion element 6 is depicted on the stationary side. The rotating body IFi is rotating at a constant angular velocity ω. At this time, the signal obtained by the state quantity detection sensor 3 is amplified and biased by the amplification bias circuit section 15, and the signal is applied to the semiconductor laser 5.
A light whose intensity is proportional to the signal current is emitted. Electro-optical conversion elements including semiconductor lasers emit light only in a certain direction, that is, when forward current flows.

Therefore, in order to operate even when the signal from the sensor is a reverse current, and to detect the state quantity, all state quantity signals are in the 1st order.
A bias is applied to create a vjL flow. One photoelectric conversion element attached to the casing senses light by the amount r when the rotating body 1 rotates once, and outputs a current 1i of a magnitude proportional to the intensity of the light.

In FIG. 3, the output is expressed as a current, and the rotation pulse that produces one pulse output per rotation is plotted along with time on the horizontal axis.

One output current obtained per revolution is obtained at time t. =1/2π
It is obtained as a noculus with a time interval of ω. Then, it is possible to detect the state amount of the rotating body during the pre-obtained state elongation amount-output 'WjL flow calibration. FIG. 4 shows the optical output versus input current characteristics of the semiconductor laser. Although the optical output changes depending on the temperature, there is no problem if temperature correction is performed. If the semiconductor laser is to be used in a region where the relationship between the input terminal and the optical output is linear, the state quantity electric signal obtained by the processor 3 is amplified by the amplification bias circuit section 15 and inputted to the semiconductor laser 5 after adding noise. , (If the Ias addition is increased, a linear relationship between the input terminal and the optical output can be obtained.The example shown in Fig. 3, that is, the state of the rotating body using the light of the present invention using only one photoelectric conversion element The quantity detection device FIT is suitable for measuring static strain, temperature, constant pressure, etc. where the measurement lampshaft quantity does not change over time.It is suitable for taking out signals and outputting signals when the state quantity changes during one revolution of the rotating body. As shown in Fig. 5, a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements 6 are arranged on the rotating circumference in the stationary side casing so as to face the semiconductor laser 5 of the rotating body 17 so that the direction of light output coincides with that of the photoelectric conversion elements 6. The light output direction of the semiconductor laser does not necessarily have to be parallel to the rotation axis. If it is not parallel, the light output direction changes over the entire rotation as it rotates, but the light reception direction of the photoelectric conversion element placed at each position changes. This is because it is sufficient to match the light output direction with the light output direction. Fig. 5 shows an example using 10 photoelectric conversion elements, in which the light conversion elements 6 arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotating body on the stationary side are W from the axial direction, the layout diagram is 7th
They are indicated by symbols 68 to 6j in the figure. While the semiconductor laser 5 mounted on the rotating body 1 rotates once, the photoelectric conversion elements 6a to
6j senses light only once in this order, and outputs the pulse currents 7a to 7j in FIG. 5. Since the state quantity is changing, the output current also changes in proportion to it.

At this time, the electro-optical conversion element operates and emits light only when a forward current flows, so even if the fluctuating component of alternating current is directly input to the electro-optical conversion element, it will not operate with a reverse current. Therefore, a bias is applied by the amplification bias circuit section 15.
After that, the fluctuating component can be converted into light by inputting it to the semiconductor laser 5. FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of a circuit that converts the variable state quantity obtained by the sensor into a 111% flow that can be photoelectrically converted, and shows how signals change. The state quantity signal IFi obtained by the sensor 3 is amplified by the amplification section in the amplification bias circuit section 15 and becomes a signal. However, if the current is input to the semiconductor laser 5 in this state, the current will flow in the opposite direction. In this case, if a negative current is used as a reverse current, no electro-optical conversion will occur in the region where the current is negative. Therefore, a bias section in the amplification bias circuit section 15 applies a bias, and all the currents are forward currents, which are positive currents l. By manually inputting this to the laser semiconductor 5 which performs electro-optical conversion, it is possible to transmit the variable quantity obtained by the sensor 3 as an optical signal. The pulse %Jlt in FIG. 5 is arranged in time series and the vertices are connected to form a signal 8, which is obtained by the sensor 3 on the rotating body 1 and is a round state quantity. In this way, the present invention makes it possible to obtain state quantities of the rotating body that vary over time. Although the case where there is one measured state quantity has been described above, the present invention is similarly applicable to the case where there is a plurality of measured state quantities. For example, consider a case where there are three state quantities to be measured. Since there are three state quantities to be measured, three semiconductor lasers are required to convert each state into an optical signal. . The number of photoelectric conversion elements is set to 71, which are arranged on the casing side in a manner facing the semiconductor lasers tt'5a to 5C so that the direction of light output coincides with the rotating body station. Symbols 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6e, 6 in order in the rotation direction
f, expressed in 6g. Each photoelectric conversion element has one rotating body.
While rotating, a total of three optical outputs from the semiconductor lasers 5a, 5b, and 5c are sensed, and three %fM pulses are output.

The optical outputs of the semiconductor lasers 5a, 5b, and 5c are received by the photoelectric conversion elements 6a to 6g, and the output is 1 to 1%.
As shown in the figure. Output f of photoelectric conversion elements 6a to 6g! # is shown as 7a to 7g, the horizontal axis represents the passage of time, and the rotation pulse signal of one pulse per rotation is also shown. The data in Figure 8 includes three state quantity signals, but since they appear in order in one photoelectric conversion element signal, the three state quantity signals are separated based on the rotation pulse, and each It can be the state quantity obtained by the sensor. 8th
In the figure, the 'vIL flow connected by a broken line from 7a to 17g is a series of state quantities obtained from the semiconductor laser 5m. After the rotating body rotates once, the signal from the semiconductor laser 5a is again transmitted from 7b to 7c... ...is output. Xi connected by a dashed-dotted line represents a series of state quantities obtained from the semiconductor laser 56, and the current connected by a dashed-two dotted line represents a series of states t obtained from the semiconductor laser 5c. Figure 9 shows the data obtained as shown in Figure 8 separated into each state quantity, arranged in chronological order, and connected in a connected manner. These data are discretized because they are based on pulse signals obtained when a semiconductor laser passes through a photoelectric conversion element. If desired, many photoelectric conversion elements may be used.

Data processing can be performed using a computer in order to organize the outputs of a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements and reproduce state quantities. 810
The figure shows the overall system configuration (b) of the present invention, including data processing by a computer. The state quantity of the rotating body obtained by the sensor 3 is converted into an optical signal by the semiconductor laser 5 and transmitted to the photoelectric conversion element 6 on the stationary side. At this time, as mentioned above, the number of semiconductor lasers and photoelectric conversion elements does not need to match.
The number of photoelectric conversion elements is determined based on the degree of variation in the state quantity to be measured, frequency, etc. The photoelectric conversion element 6 senses the light output from the semiconductor laser 5 and outputs a current pulse. The counting storage unit 9 reads the current value and stores the value in the memory.The stored data is transferred to the interface 1.
The rotation pulse 11 is sent to the computer 11 via the rotation pulse generator 16, and the rotation number and rotation speed are determined in the pulse counting storage section 17, and computer processing is performed based on the data. Each obtained state quantity can be reproduced. Next, we will explain the data processing algorithm using a computer. FIG. 11 shows five photoelectric conversion elements 6a to 6e mounted on the stationary side and two semiconductor lasers 5a mounted on a rotating body and rotating together with the rotating body.
, 5b. FIG. This rotating body is equipped with a rotating pulse generator (not shown).
The rotating pulse generator generates one pulse every time the rotating body rotates once. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing, as an example, the position of the semiconductor laser at the moment when the rotation pulse is generated. At this moment, the semiconductor laser 5m is at an angle of -0 in the clockwise direction from the perpendicular V.

The semiconductor laser 5b is located at 103 degrees. It is assumed that the rotating body is rotating counterclockwise as shown by the arrows on the semiconductor lasers 5m and 5b.

The relative positional relationship of the photoelectric conversion elements placed on the stationary side is δ,
It is expressed as an angle from to aI. Figure 12 shows the main contents of the computer processing. When measurement starts, data recording starts using the first rotation pulse as a trigger. FIG. 11 shows the position at' of the semiconductor lasers 5a and 5b at this time, but since the rotating body rotates counterclockwise at an angular velocity ω,
Light output from semiconductor laser 5a All photoelectric conversion elements 6a, 6
b.

It will be sensed in the order of 6c, 6d, and 6e. The outputs of the semiconductor laser 5b are 5a, 6e, and 5a.

6b and 6c are sensed during one rotation, respectively. Each photoelectric conversion element senses light twice during one rotation of the rotating body and performs photoelectric conversion. Then, as the rotation continues, the count storage section reads, 1iL15! Output sequence ^(I),
B(I), C(I), D(I), E(υ(I=1
, 2.3...) are formed. These number sequences correspond to the outputs of the photoelectric conversion elements 6a to 6e, respectively. In parallel with this, data recording is started, and the pulse count storage unit shown in FIG. .2.3....) is formed. In each of the numerical sequences A (I) to E (I), two pieces of data from the semiconductor lasers 5a and 5b are arranged alternately, so by separating them and further rearranging ^(I) to E (I), It is necessary to restore the continuous data of each of the semiconductor lasers 5''+5b, that is, the original state quantities.Of the data obtained by the photoelectric conversion elements 6a to 6C after the start of recording, odd-numbered data is the data of the semiconductor laser 5a. The even-numbered data is from the semiconductor laser 5b.The opposite is true for the data of the photoelectric conversion elements 6d and 6e.That is, the number sequence A (I) formed by the photoelectric conversion element output counting memory. 〜Eα), (＾(
2J-1), B (2J-1), C (2J-1), D (2
J), E(2J)) (J=1.2゜31...
) is the output of the semiconductor laser 5a rearranged in time series, and (D(2J-1), E
(2J-11, ^(2J), B(2J).

The number sequence C(2J)) (J=1.2, 3...) is the output of the semiconductor laser 5b rearranged in time series. In order to reproduce the state quantity of the rotating body using the number sequence formed above, it is necessary to know the data, that is, the time interval between the components of the number sequence. For example, the sequence ^(I), B(I
), the photoelectric conversion element arrangement interval angle δl is used for the time interval T A I (I), and the rotation time (inter-cis time sequence T (
I) By using T^crow(I) = T(I)
It can be found as xδ, /360. Since T (I) is determined for each rotation, there will be no error in TAI even if the rotation speed changes. There is a difference ω between T (I) and the rotational angular velocity ω.
=1/2πT (I). If the above-described number sequence formation processing is performed by a computer, it becomes possible to automatically obtain a plurality of state quantities obtained by the sensor 3 without human intervention. Although FIGS. 10 to 12 describe the case where two state quantities are obtained, the same process can be used to detect only two state quantities.

As an example, the state quantity signal is converted into an optical signal by a semiconductor laser, the state quantity signal is taken out from the rotating body as an optical signal to the stationary side, and the optical signal is sensed by a photoelectric conversion element provided on the stationary side and converted into an electrical signal. Although the apparatus for detecting the state quantity of a rotating body using light that performs signal processing using a computer to determine the state quantity of the rotating body has been described, other embodiments of the present invention will now be described.

In FIG. 2, the state quantity signal of the rotating body 1 detected by the sensor 3 is appropriately amplified and biased and sent to the electro-optical conversion element 5', where the electric signal is converted into an optical signal and sent to the stationary side. On the stationary side, a photoelectric conversion element 6 attached to the casing receives an optical signal and converts it into an electrical signal.As shown in FIG. It is also possible to attach the optical signal 13 to the casing and guide the optical signal emitted by the electro-optical conversion element 5' to an arbitrary position, and to convert it into an electric signal by providing a photoelectric conversion element 6 at the other end. By providing a spherical or cylindrical lens 14 as shown in FIG. 14 at the tip of the optical fiber shown in FIG. 13, the light emitted by the electro-optical conversion element 5' can be efficiently guided to the optical fiber 13. . Furthermore, the first
Although not shown in Figure 4, by using a similar lens at the tip of the optical fiber 13 facing the optical TF conversion element 6, the light passing through the optical fiber 13 (il- It is also possible to manually input the photoelectric conversion element efficiently.Furthermore, although a semiconductor laser is used as the electro-optical conversion element in the embodiment, it is also possible to use a light emitting diode.

As described above, according to the present invention, when detecting the state quantity of a rotating body, by performing contactless transmission using light, it is possible to prevent noise generation due to the influence of surrounding metal objects, magnetic fields, etc. This provides the effect of realizing a state quantity detection device for a rotating body with high performance.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a simple configuration diagram showing a conventional radiotelemeter system, and FIG. 2 is a partial sectional view of a rotating machine showing a situation in which a state quantity detection device for a rotating body is installed, which is an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows the steady state ni! of the state quantity detection device for the rotating body shown in FIG. ' An explanatory diagram showing the detection situation, FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing the characteristics of the semiconductor laser, FIG. a schematic diagram illustrating the bias circuit to be activated;
FIG. 7 is a layout diagram of photoelectric conversion elements arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotating body on the stationary side facing the laser semiconductor in FIG.
The figure is an explanatory diagram showing the state of output signals from seven photoelectric conversion elements when detecting three state quantities in Figure 5, and Figure 9.
The figure is an explanatory diagram in which the signal obtained in Fig. 8 is separated and the original three state quantities are reproduced, and Fig. 10 is a schematic configuration of a system for processing υ data by a computer in an embodiment of the present invention. Figures 11 and 12 are schematic diagrams showing the arrangement of semiconductor lasers and photoelectric conversion elements to explain data processing by calculation, and explanatory diagrams showing calculation processing procedures and contents. FIG. 14 is a partial diagram showing the transmission part of a state quantity detection device for a rotating body which is another embodiment of the present invention using an original fiber between the conversion element and the optical fiber shown in FIG. 13 with a lens at the tip. FIG. 7 is a partial view showing still another embodiment of the present invention in the case of the present invention. 3... Sensor, 4... Kaifu, 5... Semiconductor laser, 5'... Electro-optical conversion element, 16... Rotating pulse generator, 17... Pulse counting Mt2 Amibe, 6 . . . Light conversion element, 13 . . . Optical fiber, 14 . . Lens, 15 . . . Amplification bias circuit section. Agent Patent Attorney Akio Takahashi, □10 [=] Morning I'Jl'l Stomach 14 Stop Hi 1j No. 2121 60 Fig. 7 Man Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Day 110 Fig. 12 A(I), 8 (I), C(1), I)(L), E(
I) T(I)TcoC'H>= T(
J)x”/go Tl)E(J)=T(J)X 8ge'
a6゜TEA Cps)-Tt J> x Ss/at
,. Figure 13 Figure 14 - 50F)

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. The state of the rotating body, which has a sensor on the rotating side of the rotating body that detects the state quantity of the rotating body, and a device that converts the state quantity into an electrical signal based on the detection signal from the sensor. In the quantity detection device, at least one converting the electrical signal into an optical signal.
A power supply section for supplying squid and an amplification bias circuit section for amplifying and applying a bias to the electric signal are provided.On the other hand, at least one photoelectric conversion element is installed on the anti-sickness side. The photoelectric conversion elements are arranged along the circumferential direction so as to face each other so as to coincide with the direction of light emitted from the conversion element, and the photoelectric conversion element converts the optical signal output from the electro-optic conversion element into an electric signal, thereby converting the rotating body. A state quantity detection device for a rotating body, characterized in that it detects a state quantity of a rotating body. 2. At least one optical fiber is disposed in the stop joint in the circumferential direction of the rotating body so that one end thereof faces the light output direction of the electro-optic conversion element, and the other end of each optical fiber is provided with a photo-electric conversion element, 2. The state quantity detection device for a rotating body according to claim 1, wherein the state quantity of the rotating body is detected based on the electrical signal output from the photoelectric conversion element. 3. The state quantity detection device for a rotating body according to claim 2, characterized in that a condenser lens is attached to the tip of the optical fiber facing the electro-optical conversion element or the photoelectric conversion element. 4.11 The state quantity detection device for a rotating body according to claim 1, wherein the air-light conversion element is a semiconductor laser. 5. The device for detecting the state quantity of a rotating body according to claim 1, characterized in that the focal light conversion element is a light emitting diode. 6. Data processing that has a counting storage section that counts and stores electrical signals output from at least one photoelectric conversion element, sends the output data of the counting storage section memory to a computer via an interface, and rearranges the data in chronological order. An apparatus for detecting a state quantity of a rotating body according to item 1 of Patent H, characterized in that the state quantity of a rotating body is reproduced by performing the following steps. 7. The device for detecting the state quantity of a rotating body according to claim 1, wherein the rotating body is a turbine and the state quantity detection device '1'' is a t-% image. 8. The state quantity detection device for a rotating body according to claim 7, further comprising a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements that receive light emitted by the electro-optic conversion element and convert it into an electric signal.