JPS58191936A - Monochroic picture device - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an imaging apparatus for producing a monochromatic image of a selected wavelength band from a multicolor original image, and more particularly to the implementation of such an apparatus in which a single monochromator is utilized.

Two types of dual monochromators are known in the prior art, one of which is used for imaging purposes.

In that device, images can only be reproduced to any extent at one wavelength, but not over the wavelength band traced. For example, in use in Raman spectroscopy, separated spectra could be separated and separated. However, in this technology, there is no device that can observe a polychromatic source image as well as a monochromatic image faithfully reproducing the original image at any selected nine wavelengths or wavelength bands by a simple operation. □
It is known to use a dual monochromator as a scanning spectrometer using an input, (IJ knot) collimator mirror, a grating, an intermediate slit, a second collimator mirror, a second grating, a second focusing sharp and an exit slit. In this conventional spectrometer, the slit was extremely narrow to produce accurate one-dimensional resolution of the spectral lines.However, accurate reconstruction of the original image and of selected single wavelengths or wavelength bands was not possible. No single-color imaging device has been created that can be used.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to overcome the above and other drawbacks and inconveniences of the prior art.

Another purpose is simple manipulation of the grid of a duplex monochromator,
It is an object of the present invention to provide a monochromatic imaging system in which accurate monochromatic images of selected single wavelengths or wavelength bands within the spectrum of polychromatic original images and 11w1J images are produced.

The above and other objects and features of the invention include two similar diffraction gratings or an appropriate number of gratings, two or an appropriate number of similar collimating lenses, two or an appropriate number of similar focusing lenses, an input This is achieved with the present invention, which includes a slit, an injection slit and a suitable number of intermediate slits, and a device for selectively and simultaneously moving two gratings arranged as follows. That is, the entrance slit is placed in front of a first collimating lens which focuses this input slit onto a polychromatic primary image and parallels the rays from this source object image towards a first grating which disperses them. ing. A first focusing lens focuses the dispersed light from the first grating onto the intermediate slit. A second collimating lens then collimates the dispersed light passing through this intermediate slit towards a second grating, which recombines the dispersed light. This recombined light (ie scattering the same in opposite directions) is then focused onto the exit slit. The two gratings lie on their parallel surfaces and are rotated about their central axes so that the angle of incidence at the first grating is preferably equal to the angle of diffraction at the second grating. can move in the opposite or the same direction. The intermediate slit is appropriately sized to pass the desired bandwidth and image.

In this way, by appropriately moving the two gratings, an accurate image of the original image is placed at the exit slit and is an image of a selected wavelength or wavelength band within the wavelength spectrum of the polychromatic original image. . Since this exit slit image has two-dimensional spatial resolution, it will be an accurate proportional reproduction of the dimensions of the original image. For example, using the invention it is possible to obtain an accurate image of the original image, eg green, at the exit slit, and then, by moving the two gratings appropriately, view the same image in yellow. The same is possible with U'V and other wavelengths. Therefore, the present invention is for high [K\i] and has many different applications, such as identifying and spatially locating different components of a vapor or other material composition.

A feature of the invention is that the angle of incidence of the first grating closest to the source object is equal to the angle of diffraction of the second grating closest to the final image;
It is a dual monochromator in which two similar diffraction gratings are interconnected to move simultaneously around their respective centrally located axes on the drawing surface.

Another feature is the two-dimensional resolution of this device, in which a high-resolution lens is used to accurately project the image in two dimensions, and a slit of appropriate size is used to pass the two-dimensional original image. .

Yet another feature is the use of two similar gratings with an intermediate slit placed between them to selectively control the wavelength bandwidth of the transmitted light, the two gratings being opposite from the zero-order position. The purpose is to simultaneously move the same angle in the direction K, diffract the light waves, and then recombine them.

Another feature is the use of entrance and exit slits that are wide enough to pass the desired light from the object image and block external light.

Yet another feature is the use of a light-tight housing for the dual monochromator to prevent outside light from entering the optical path being processed.

Now, looking at the drawings, we see the entrance slit 2, the collimator lens 3, the diffraction grating 4, the focusing lens 5, the intermediate slit 6, the collimator lens 7, the second diffraction grating 8, the focusing lens 9, the exit slit 10, and the gratings 4 and 8. An imaging device according to the present invention is depicted comprising a light beam and a dense housing 1, in which an interconnecting coupling and displacement device 13 is arranged for simultaneously moving the images, and the viewer 12 is able to detect the image produced in the exit slit 10. Focus to see. A polychromatic source 11 may be used to project a polychromatic primary image onto the entrance slit 2.

This original image may be focused by an entrance slit 2Kill image generator 11, which may be a TV camera lens. Then, the direction of the emitted light is made parallel to the first diffraction grating 4 by the collimator lens 3. The grating 4 diffracts this light and disperses it towards a focusing lens 5 which then focuses the dispersed light onto an intermediate slit 6. The dispersed light passes through this intermediate slit 6 and then passes through a collimator. The direction is made parallel to the second diffraction grating 8 by the lens T.

All wavelengths of this polychromatic primary image will be spread out over the beam of the intermediate slit, and depending on the angular position of the grating 40, selected wavelengths will pass through the intermediate slit 6.

As will be seen in later discussion, the selected wavelength band will appear at the exit slit in a similar fashion. The second grating 8 then diffracts this already dispersed light in the opposite direction, i.e.
The 11g2 grating 8 then recombines the dispersed external light that reaches it. This combined light is then focused onto the exit slit by a focusing lens 9 to produce an accurate reproduction of the object image appearing at the entrance slit 2 at a selected wavelength or wavelength band within the spectrum of wavelengths of the original image. images occur there. The original image of this entrance slit 2 may be multicolored. The spectrum of this original image may be any suitable band, such as up to visible and infrared light, or at the opposite end to X@. The emergent image is conveniently an exact reproduction of an image that is proportional in size and only in color (1 different wavelength of light from the original image), and the wavelength of this emergent image is within the wavelength spectrum of the original image. A single wavelength or wavelength band. Later mu
By a suitable movement of M[13, the two gratings 4 and 8 are arranged such that the angle of incidence on the grating 4 is equal to the angle of diffraction at the grating 8, and the specific slit passing through the intermediate slit 6 is can be simultaneously moved in one opposite or the same direction as desired for the wavelengths shown at the exit slit.

For example, if a yellow color is desired in the exit slit image, the moving device 13 moves such that such a yellow band passes through the intermediate slit 6 and excludes the others, so that such a yellow band then appears in the exit slit image. , we will move the two grids 4 and 8.

As shown in the drawing, these two gratings 4 and 8 are connected to the device 13.
can be connected to each other so that they can move simultaneously. These gratings have their axes on the grid ruled plane and at their horizontal centers at tt''x. These gratings may be of any suitable size in terms of number of grooves and total surface area.

The two gratings 4 and 8 should have the same size and groove density, but the invention will work even if the two are different. Device 1
When 3 moves two grids at the same time, two functions come into play. That is, first, the wavelength or wavelength band that passes through the intermediate slit 6 is determined.

This is done by the grating 40 angular position. That is, since the entire spectrum is dispersed in the middle slit 60-sided gold body,
The first position of the grating 4 determines which wavelength band is located at the slit position and therefore passes there. On the second grid, lattice 4
The two gratings are moved such that the angle of incidence at the grating 4 is always equal to the angle of diffraction at the grating 8, so that the angle of incidence at the grating 4 is moved in the opposite or the same direction of rotation as the grating 8. The function of this island is to recombine the light which has been dispersed into the grating 4, or, stated in another way, which has passed through the intermediate slit 6.

The coupling device 13 (which also moves the gratings) may be a mechanical device, such as using a coupling 7-me with a threaded adjustment interconnection device to properly move both gratings 4 and 80 around their respective axes. That's fine.

This device 13 can be moved manually or automatically using a motor device. When gratings 4 and 8 are rotated, they are moved in the same direction or in opposite directions around their 00th position.

Collimator lenses 3 and 7 may be substantially the same and must be of sufficient resolution and quality to provide a suitably clear image at the exit slit. Similarly, focuser lenses 5 and 9 may be substantially the same and must be of sufficient resolution and quality to provide a clear image at the exit slit. The housing 1 must be substantially nine lights and Il@.

The interior may be painted black to prevent scattering of external light.

The entrance slit 2, the intermediate slit 6, and the exit slit 10 are horizontal so that any extraneous light will interfere with the accurate reproduction of the S image and will attempt to interfere with the correct path of the desired selected wavelength or wavelength band. and vertical dimensions are appropriate. The entrance slit 6 must have both vertical and horizontal dimensions sufficient to pass the object image without passing extraneous light. At the same time, the exit slit 6 is connected to the main desired and focusing lens 9
Both horizontal and vertical dimensions must be sufficient to pass through the layered final image of size given by E)
water. The intermediate slit must have sufficient horizontal and vertical dimensions to allow passage of the desired wavelength band in the image. By appropriately selecting the intermediate slit size 60,
selected single wavelength or selected wavelength band)
6 and eventually appear at the injection slit 10. The minimum dimension is to allow the image to pass through, and the maximum dimension is to allow the image and the selected wavelength band to pass through.

A viewer 12 that may be used to view the exit image appearing at the exit slit 10 is, for example, a human eye, a TV
The left camera may be any suitable device, such as a light sensitive detector or the like. This image may be of a selected wavelength or selected wavelength band within the spectrum of wavelengths of the object image. The wavelength bandwidth will depend on the size of the intermediate slit as discussed above.

The particular wavelength selected or the particular wavelength band selected depends on the position of the grating 4 with respect to the entrance and intermediate slits 2 and 6. Viewer 12 takes into account whether a single wavelength or a selected wavelength band is viewed. However, any savvy viewer can be used. Similarly, any suitable image generating device 11 can place the object 1 into the exit slit 2.
It can be used to generate an ijl image. This original image may be monochrome or multicolored. Any suitable size reduction device can be used within the object th image VC, consistent with the desired wavelength band.

Advantageously, the invention can be used for the entire wavelength range from X-rays to radio waves using suitable *** elements, but depending on the energy f- of the X-rays on one side of the spectrum and The physical size K of the equipment required on the other side of
Therefore, it may be limited. In the visible range, the invention can be used for many different purposes, such as detection of chemical components of samples, thermal analysis, Zolazoma diagnostics, etc., and any application where wavelength bands need to be separated, observed and measured. can be used.

Although the lenses and physical devices mentioned above act to intersect the light rays, other devices can also be used.

That is, for example, a lens may be replaced by a suitable mirror;
The gratings may also be placed in different planes on a single axis of rotation, with proper placement of the lenses to obtain a compact device.

Although the theory of this optical system will be understood by those skilled in the art without further explanation from the above description, the following is provided by way of example and is not intended to limit the invention. Refer to the light ll1if5i diagram of the drawing.

The difference between the exit image and the original image is that all wavelengths are present in the original image, but only some of them are present in the exit image. The total wavelength band present in the exit image is given by the following dispersion. That is, and at dβ= -(2) where t is the distance measured in the direction of dispersion of the plane of the intermediate slit 60, and f is the focal length of the lens 5, so in order for the entire image to appear on the exit slit, It is necessary to satisfy dl>w. However, W is the width of the original image. dl
In order to limit K, at(limited by wlc)
It is clear from equation (3) that and d must be small, and n and f must be large. d is the grating constant, ie the distance between successive grooves and n is the diffraction order.

The following explanation is given to show that the angle of incidence at grating 4 must be equal to the angle of incidence at grating 8.

The basic equation relating the angle of incidence α and the angle of diffraction β on a grating with a grating constant (i.e., the distance between two consecutive grooves) d is given as follows.

nλ=d(sin α+sin β) (4) where λ is the wavelength of light and n is the order of diffraction. Since α is the angle of incidence and β is the angle of diffraction, the angles α and β are measured and signed from the modulus of the grating iN.

Therefore, the angle α is positive and the angle β is negative. n can be positive or negative, which means that there are always two diffraction spectra, one on each side of the zero-order beam.

Since the grating 4 is rotated by the angle γ, α1=α□0
+γ, and β1=β, 0−γ=α1゜−γ, because α
,. -The wavelength passing through the β100 intermediate grating is given by equation (4).In the grating 8, the incident angle is α2=α.-
γ=β1, therefore the diffraction angle is given by equation (4), and β
Solving for 2, we therefore have β2=α.As stated earlier, of all the wavelengths emitted by the original image, only those that pass through the intermediate slit reach the exit slit. If dl is too large, the image position at the intermediate slit will be off-axis and blocked by the slit jaws. The intermediate slit limits the width of wavelengths that are allowed to reach the second grating 8. All of the wavelengths in the band reaching the second grating 8 are there refocused in as many directions as there are image points, and then the lens 9 focuses them into a single image of the original image at the exit slit. There are as many source ikl images on the intermediate slit as there are wavelengths in the source.

If this light source is a continuous wavelength band, the images at the intermediate slit will overlap, forming a blurred image in the direction of wavelength dispersion.

A typical device utilized components with the following measurements: These measurements and components are provided by way of example only and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.

Focusing lens: Resolution 1.2μm Collimator lens resolution 1.2μm Grating: Number of grooves per Il 590, grating index y4 wavelength (Hg
(564 nm used) Exit slit: 0.5 mm Input slit: 0.5 m Intermediate slit: 2 viewers Two TV camera object image = TV camera lens The above description is an example of the present invention. Numerous modifications and extensions thereof will be apparent to those skilled in the art. All such modifications and extensions are to be considered within the spirit and scope of the invention.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The only drawing shows an embodiment of the invention in plan view and in line diagram the light rays acting on it. 2...Incidence slit 3...First collimator lens 4...First diffraction grating 5...Focusing lens 6...Intermediate slit 7...Second collimator lens 8...No. 2 Diffraction grating S...Second focusing lens 13...Interconnection and moving device agent Asamura Kogai 4 person procedural amendment (method) March 2b, 1930, Commissioner of the Japan Patent Office 1, JG matter Indication of Patent Application No. 3267 of 1987 2, Name of Invention Sumire @ Asaki Kakuya 3, Supplement 11) Relationship with Kozo 11S Kasu Applicant 4, Agent Showa also dated 7427/7/6, Number of inventions increased by amendment

Claims (1)

[Claims] m An entrance slit (2) onto which the object image is focused.
, an M1 collimator device (3), a first grating device (4) arranged such that the collimated light from the collimator device collides, and a first grating device (4) for focusing the diffracted light from the part 1 grating device on a first surface. a first focusing device (5), an intermediate slit located on the first surface to prevent unnecessary light from being projected earlier) (
a second collimator device (7) arranged to collimate the light diffracted from the grating device and focused by the first focusing device onto the second grating device (8);
The collimated light from the collimator device hits and coughs first.
a second grating device (8) arranged and arranged to recombine the light dispersed by the grating device;
! a second focusing device (9) for focusing on two planes, an exit slit (10) located at the 211th position on which the skeleton recombined image is focused, and the first and second grating devices are moved simultaneously; so that the angle of incidence of the light projected onto the first grating device is smaller than the angle of diffraction from the second grating device and so that the object image appearing at the entrance slit is exactly and proportional to the exit slit. A monochromatic image generating device comprising a device (13) for reconstructing a selected wavelength or wavelength band of the entire spectrum of wavelengths of the object image into an image. (2. In the device according to claim 1, the first and second collimator devices are substantially the same, and the m
An apparatus in which the first and second focusing devices are substantially the same, and the first droplet and second grating devices are also substantially the same. (3) Scope of % Permission Required In the device described in paragraph 1, the lattice device or the first and second lattice devices that are moved at the same time as coughing are arranged on the axis Ml centered on the ruled surface of the lattice. rotated by the same angle from the zero-order position, whereby the simultaneous movement of the first and second grating devices produces an exit image of the wavelength or wavelength band selected by the angular position of the first grating device with respect to the intermediate slit. Device. (4) An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate slit is balanced with the desired wavelength resolution and the resolution of the entrance slit. (5) The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the wavelength band of the object-image is within the visible spectrum. (6) Range of %1FF1i1 In the apparatus according to item 1, the intermediate slit has a size sufficient to pass the object image and a desired wavelength band of the corpse object-image (7)
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first grating device selectively enables the simultaneous movement device to pass a selected wavelength or wavelength band through the intermediate slit. , and in order to make the incident angle of the first grating device always match the diffraction angle of the second grating device, [#I11 and the second grating device are moved, and these two grating devices are moved in opposite directions depending on the diffraction order position. A device that can be used. (8) The device according to claim 1, wherein the second focusing device is a lens.