JPS5818667A - Electrophotographic printer - Google Patents
Electrophotographic printerInfo
- Publication number
- JPS5818667A JPS5818667A JP56118147A JP11814781A JPS5818667A JP S5818667 A JPS5818667 A JP S5818667A JP 56118147 A JP56118147 A JP 56118147A JP 11814781 A JP11814781 A JP 11814781A JP S5818667 A JPS5818667 A JP S5818667A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- discharge
- drum
- photosensitive drum
- discharger
- static
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000010023 transfer printing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G21/00—Arrangements not provided for by groups G03G13/00 - G03G19/00, e.g. cleaning, elimination of residual charge
- G03G21/20—Humidity or temperature control also ozone evacuation; Internal apparatus environment control
- G03G21/206—Conducting air through the machine, e.g. for cooling, filtering, removing gases like ozone
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Atmospheric Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Discharging, Photosensitive Material Shape In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Control Or Security For Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明社電子写真印刺装置に係シ、特に感光素子0FI
k電方法06kjLK関す。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to an electrophotographic stamping device, particularly a photosensitive element 0FI.
Regarding k electric method 06kjLK.
一般に感光素子に静電潜像を形成し、現像゛し、印刷用
紙に転写する形式の電子写真印刷部ta広く用meeて
い為。か〜る電子写真印刷装置はそO感光素子の材料、
゛靜電漕像形成プ目七ス、現像方鉄岬O逮いkよ)各種
のものが提案されているが、□=般的に゛検感光素子が
ドラム形状をなし、印刷用紙はV−)単位である。Generally, electrophotographic printing units, which form an electrostatic latent image on a photosensitive element, develop it, and transfer it to printing paper, are widely used. The electrophotographic printing device uses the material of the photosensitive element,
Various types have been proposed, but generally speaking, the photosensitive element is drum-shaped, and the printing paper is V-shaped. ) unit.
以下従来方法について第1図を参照して説明す為と、第
1図は本発明が適用される電子写真印刷装置の側面図、
第2図は第1図の除電器の斜視図でToゐ。図中、1は
感光ドラム、2は除電ランプ、3は帯電器、4は現像器
%5は転写部、6は除電器、6m社フレーム、7はクリ
ーナ、8,9は搬送部、10は定着部、11はホッパ部
、12は印刷用紙、18は四−ラ、14社スタッカ、1
s線電極線、l1mは保持部、17はガイド、18はプ
ラグを示す。第1図に示すように、光導電性の物質とし
て8e−Te (セレンテレ#)を表面にW −テ(ン
グした金属ドラムを感光ドラム1として、ヒO感光ドツ
ムの外周に近接して除電ランプ2゜帯電器3、現儂部4
、転写部6.除憾l16及びタリーナマを配置し、感光
ドラム1の下端水平面上には図において右側に、印刷用
紙12を貯えるホッパ部11が装置よシ突出しておりs
tた用紙!!を搬送する搬送部8が配置され、左側に印
刷済みO印刷用紙1zを運ぶ搬送部9があり、tた印刷
済み用紙12を収能するスタッカ14が装置よp突出て
設置されている。The conventional method will be explained below with reference to FIG. 1, and FIG. 1 is a side view of an electrophotographic printing apparatus to which the present invention is applied.
Figure 2 is a perspective view of the static eliminator shown in Figure 1. In the figure, 1 is a photosensitive drum, 2 is a static elimination lamp, 3 is a charger, 4 is a developer, 5 is a transfer section, 6 is a static eliminator, 6m frame, 7 is a cleaner, 8 and 9 are conveyance sections, and 10 is a Fixing unit, 11 hopper unit, 12 printing paper, 18 four-ra, 14 company stacker, 1
In the s-line electrode wire, l1m is a holding part, 17 is a guide, and 18 is a plug. As shown in FIG. 1, a photosensitive drum 1 is a metal drum whose surface is coated with 8e-Te (Selene Tele#) as a photoconductive substance, and a static eliminating lamp is placed close to the outer periphery of the HO photosensitive dot. 2゜ Charger 3, current part 4
, transfer section 6. A hopper unit 11 for storing printing paper 12 protrudes from the apparatus on the right side in the figure on the horizontal plane of the lower end of the photosensitive drum 1.
t paper! ! A conveyance section 8 for conveying the printed paper 1z is disposed on the left side, and a conveyance section 9 for conveying the printed paper 1z is disposed on the left side, and a stacker 14 for storing the printed paper 12 is installed protruding from the apparatus.
このような構成をしているので、その作用を説明すると
、まず画俸信号に基いて変調され、偏向されたレーザ・
ビームLが図中矢印の方向から、矢印ム方向KwJ転す
る感光ドラム1を走査、露光すゐ。Since it has such a configuration, to explain its function, first, the laser beam is modulated and deflected based on the image salary signal.
The beam L scans and exposes the photosensitive drum 1 rotating from the direction of the arrow in the figure in the direction of the arrow KwJ.
予め除電うyプ2によ)感光面上の静電荷を除去され、
次に帯電器3によシ一様に静電荷を帯電せしめられた感
光ドラムlの表面に*調された所望の印刷偉信号が走査
、露光されると静電潜像が形成され、移動して′gA偉
器4によ31)ナーその他の印刷媒体を用いて静電潜像
が顕像化され転写部HE移動する。一方ホツバ部11よ
シ繰シ出され九印刷用紙12は搬送部8で送られて転写
部5に至る。ζ−で感光ドラムlよシ顛像を印刷用紙1
2に転写印刷され、用紙12はローラ13を経て搬送部
9へ送られ、搬送部9の端部における定着部10で加熱
定着されて印刷は完了してスタッカ14KIR納され石
。矢印線は印刷用紙120走行を示している。感光ドラ
ム1には静電荷が残留してお〉、トナーも尚初の30〜
40−は残うて耐着してiゐ。感光ドラム1は回転して
除電器6において、交流放電にようて残留静電荷を除去
される。The static charge on the photosensitive surface is removed by pre-static charge removal step 2),
Next, the surface of the photosensitive drum l, which is uniformly electrostatically charged by the charger 3, is scanned and exposed with the adjusted desired printing signal, and an electrostatic latent image is formed and moved. 31) The electrostatic latent image is visualized using a toner or other printing medium and moved to the transfer section HE. On the other hand, the printing paper 12 fed out from the fusing section 11 is conveyed by the conveyance section 8 and reaches the transfer section 5. Transfer the image to the photosensitive drum L using the ζ- printing paper 1.
2, the paper 12 is sent to the conveyance section 9 via the rollers 13, and is heated and fixed by the fixing section 10 at the end of the conveyance section 9. The printing is completed and the sheet is stored in the stacker 14KIR. The arrow line indicates the travel of the printing paper 120. There is static charge remaining on the photosensitive drum 1, and the toner is still in the 30~30 range.
40- remains and is resistant to wear. The photosensitive drum 1 is rotated, and residual static charges are removed by a static eliminator 6 through alternating current discharge.
次いでクリーナ7において残うていゐトナーは回収され
る・除電器6で残留静電荷を除去したとは言え、感光ド
ラムlの表両には印刷倫としてトナーが耐着している所
と耐着していない所が#)9て、静電荷が僅か残うてい
る所があるので、前述のように露光の前工程として除電
ツy7#flKよりて再度除電が行なわれる。Next, the remaining toner is collected by the cleaner 7.Although the residual static charge has been removed by the static eliminator 6, there are places on both sides of the photosensitive drum 1 where the toner is resistant to adhesion as printing material. Since there are some areas where a small amount of static charge remains (#)9 which is not exposed, the static charge is removed again by the static electricity removal tool y7#flK as a pre-exposure process as described above.
ζ−において、除電器6について詳しく説明すると、第
2図に示すように、除電器6のフレーム6麿はツ字形の
樋状をしており、内側長手方向にタングステンワイヤの
電11111sを張p、電極線tWO両端は絶縁性プラ
スチックの保持部16mで保持されている。フレーム6
aOj!E部外側KtIイド1丁が設けられてお抄、一
端K11tO電源に接続す為為のプラグ18が設置され
ている0とのような構造の除電器6を装置の感光ドラム
1周辺の定位置にガイド17に従うて挿入すると、第1
gK示すように開放部を感光ドラ^1の外周1[K向け
て軸心に平行にセットされる。この状態で除電器・の電
111111sと感光ドラム1の感光面とO交流放電が
始壕ると、感光ドラム10表面の帯電が除去されて行く
が、一方電極線1Sの周辺はマイナス放電によりて発生
するオゾンの雰囲気にな)、除電器・が1字形をしてい
るOでオゾンが11うで放電O安定性が低下して放電ム
りによシ、除電ムラ音生じ、画偉ムツO原因になゐとい
う欠点があ〉、壜九感光I!にオゾンによる酸化膜が形
成され、帯電特性を劣化させるばか〉でなく感光wO寿
命を短かくするという欠点があゐ・本発−の目的は以上
の欠点を解決すゐためのもので、電子写真印刷装置K適
用して効果的な除電器及びその配置方法を提供するKあ
る0本発WA唸連続四転ず為感光ドラムに静電潜像を形
成し、静電潜像を現俸した後、印刷用紙上に転写印刷せ
しめる電子写真印刷装置においで、前記感光ドラムO帯
電を除去する交流放電部の側WIk開口部を設けると共
に1該交流放電部を前記感光ドラムの水平軸よ〉下方に
設置するヒとによシ放電雰囲気を下方に逃がし得るよう
にすることを特徴とする電子写真印刷装置である。かく
することKよシ安定した交流放電が得られると共に、感
光ドラムの感光面の酸化を防止するヒとがでIゐ。To explain the static eliminator 6 in detail in ζ-, as shown in FIG. , both ends of the electrode wire tWO are held by insulating plastic holding parts 16m. frame 6
aOj! A static eliminator 6 with a structure similar to that shown in Fig. 1 is installed at a fixed position around the photosensitive drum 1 of the device. When inserted according to the guide 17, the first
As shown in gK, the open part is set parallel to the axis with the outer circumference 1[K of the photosensitive drum ^1 facing. In this state, when the charge 111111s of the static eliminator and the photosensitive surface of the photosensitive drum 1 and O AC discharge begin, the charge on the surface of the photosensitive drum 10 is removed, but on the other hand, the area around the electrode wire 1S is caused by negative discharge. (in the ozone atmosphere that is generated), when the static eliminator is in the shape of a single letter, the ozone becomes 11, and the stability of the discharge decreases, causing uneven discharge, causing uneven static removal noise, and causing the image to become distorted. The drawback is that it is not the cause of the problem. The disadvantage is that an oxide film is formed by ozone on the surface of the photosensitive material, which not only deteriorates the charging properties but also shortens the photosensitive WO life.The purpose of this invention is to solve the above disadvantages. Provides an effective static eliminator and its arrangement method applied to a photographic printing device.For continuous four-way rotation of a zero-wave WA, an electrostatic latent image is formed on a photosensitive drum, and the electrostatic latent image is printed. After that, in an electrophotographic printing apparatus that performs transfer printing on printing paper, a WIk opening is provided on the side of the AC discharge section that removes the charge on the photosensitive drum O, and the AC discharge section is placed below the horizontal axis of the photosensitive drum. This is an electrophotographic printing apparatus characterized in that a discharge atmosphere can be released downward through a heater installed in the apparatus. In this way, a more stable alternating current discharge can be obtained, and there is also a way to prevent oxidation of the photosensitive surface of the photosensitive drum.
以下本発明の一実施例を第3図〜第5図を参照して説明
する。第3図は本発明による除電器を例示する斜視図、
Is4図はl/g3図の除電器の効果を説明する装置の
一部を示す側面図、第6図は感光ドラムの特性変化を示
すグラフである0図中、61は除電器、6bは7レーム
、16bは保持部である。また第1図及び第2図と同一
個所は同符号で示している。An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5. FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating a static eliminator according to the present invention;
Figure Is4 is a side view showing a part of the device to explain the effect of the static eliminator in the l/g3 diagram, and Figure 6 is a graph showing changes in the characteristics of the photosensitive drum. The frame 16b is a holding portion. Also, the same parts as in FIGS. 1 and 2 are indicated by the same symbols.
第3図に示すように、除電@6/は第2allで説明し
た従来方法による除電器6のフレーム6 aOy字形を
5字形に変えた構造である。ヒO除電@6tを従来方法
ではクリーナ7の前工程として任意の位置であ0九が第
4図に示すように感光ドラム2の水平軸よシ下方に、開
口部を下側にしで設置して交流放電を行なうと、電極1
115の周辺に発生し九オゾンは空気よ伽重−ので拡散
しつつ下方に流れIIK披形矢印Bで示すように転写さ
れ丸印制用lI41!が一−ツ13の上を通過して搬送
部9に入9九111IO上方に及ぶ。印刷用紙12紘次
々とこOIa路で搬送されてメタシカ14方向に進むの
で、偏置稼動中はF−O近辺の空気杜絶えず掻乱され。As shown in FIG. 3, the static eliminator@6/ has a structure in which the frame 6aOy shape of the static eliminator 6 according to the conventional method explained in 2nd all is changed to a 5-shape. In the conventional method, as a pre-process of the cleaner 7, the HO static eliminator @6t is installed at an arbitrary position below the horizontal axis of the photosensitive drum 2, with the opening facing downward, as shown in FIG. When AC discharge is performed, electrode 1
The ozone generated around 115 is heavy like air, so it diffuses and flows downward, and is transferred as shown by IIK-shaped arrow B. It passes over the piece 13, enters the conveyance section 9, and extends above the 99111IO. Since the printing paper 12 is conveyed one after another along the OIa path and advances in the direction of the metal sheet 14, the air in the vicinity of F-O is constantly disturbed during eccentric operation.
印刷用紙1雪O進む方向すなわち装置から出る方向に$
勤して−るOで、印刷用紙12の上に流れて自九オゾン
は波形矢印Cで示すように空気の流tLK@自込★れて
、鵜置外に排出される。このようkして除電@ @Iの
電極線110周辺に発生したオゾンはその周辺に停滞す
るヒとなく除電器6I外に拡散し、排出される@除電器
7レームの形状は冨宇形O★−で、−辺に孔を設けるこ
とにようても効果を得すことがで自る・會た、交流放電
によ為除電器でなく、11L@性の直流放電により除電
器KThv%ても本発明が適用できる。Printing paper 1 Snow O $ in the forward direction, that is, in the direction out of the device
The ozone flowing onto the printing paper 12 is carried by the air flow tLK@self as shown by the wavy arrow C and is discharged outside the printing press. In this way, the ozone generated around the electrode wire 110 of the static eliminator @I diffuses outside the static eliminator 6I without being stagnant around it, and is discharged from the static eliminator 7. ★It is possible to obtain an effect even if holes are provided on the - side.Instead of a static eliminator that uses AC discharge, we use a static eliminator KThv% that uses DC discharge of 11L@. The present invention is also applicable.
以上ll!明し良ように本発明によれば、除電器の゛
%l状を蛮え、設置位置を限定するととにようて、るヒ
とを防止できるので、放電効率を低下させる仁となく除
電効果が得られるという効果がある。That’s all! As is clear, according to the present invention, the static eliminator's
By increasing the %l condition and limiting the installation position, it is possible to prevent ruhi, so that it is possible to obtain a static elimination effect without any nuisance that would reduce the discharge efficiency.
従りて印刷画像のムラを防止できる。tたオシyによる
感光ドラムの感光面の酸化膜生成を防止できるので、感
光面の帯電特性劣化を防止できると共に感光ドラムの寿
命を著しく伸ばすことがで自重という効果がある。第5
図は実験の結果得られたデー−をグラフに示したもので
、タテ軸に感光wO帯電表面電位(V)、lit:1軸
に感光ドラム0印刷回数(回)を示し、感光面の特性は
従来方法によると集線で示すグツ7Iのように急速に低
下するが1本発明によると、点線で示すグラフ■のよ5
に安定した特性を維持することが判る。従9て感光ドラ
ムの寿命は従来的5,000回稿度で参ったが、本発明
よシso、ooo回以上に伸ばすことがで亀る。ヒの傾
向は感光ドラムO光導電材料である@*−TaOT・混
入量を重量比10−以上に増やすと顕著になる。Therefore, unevenness in printed images can be prevented. Since it is possible to prevent the formation of an oxide film on the photosensitive surface of the photosensitive drum due to dusting, it is possible to prevent deterioration of the charging characteristics of the photosensitive surface, and the life of the photosensitive drum can be significantly extended, which has the effect of reducing its own weight. Fifth
The figure shows the data obtained as a result of the experiment in a graph. The vertical axis shows the photosensitive wO charging surface potential (V), the lit:1 axis shows the number of times of photosensitive drum 0 printing (times), and the characteristics of the photosensitive surface. According to the conventional method, the value decreases rapidly as shown in graph 7I shown by the concentrated line, but according to the present invention, it decreases rapidly as shown in graph 7I shown by the dotted line.
It can be seen that stable characteristics are maintained. Accordingly, the life of the photosensitive drum has conventionally reached 5,000 times, but the present invention can extend it to more than 5,000 times. This tendency becomes more noticeable when the amount of @*-TaOT, which is the photoconductive material of the photosensitive drum O, is increased to a weight ratio of 10- or more.
jlIi図は本発明が適用される電子写真印刷装置の側
面図、#12図は第1図の除電器の斜視図、第3wJ紘
本発明による除電器を例示する斜視図、第4図祉第島図
の除電器の効果を説明する装置の一部を示す側面図、第
5図社感光ドラムの特div示すグツ7である。
1!!lK&いて、lは感光ドラム、2は除電ランプ、
3は帯電器、4は現像部、Sは転写部、6.@’は除電
器、6畠、6bは7レーム、マはタリーナ。
8.9は搬送部、1Gは定着部、11紘ホッパ部、11
!紘印刷用紙、14はスタッカ、1sは電極線。
18m、16bは保持部、17はガイド、18はプラグ
である◇
j!111!1
. 篤2図 、
%31!l
、ゝ
−t1Fig. #12 is a perspective view of the static eliminator of Fig. 1, Fig. #3 is a perspective view illustrating the static eliminator according to the present invention, Fig. #4 is a perspective view of the static eliminator according to the present invention. FIG. 5 is a side view showing a part of the device for explaining the effect of the static eliminator shown in FIG. 1! ! lK&, l is the photosensitive drum, 2 is the static elimination lamp,
3 is a charger, 4 is a developing section, S is a transfer section, 6. @' is a static eliminator, 6 hatake, 6b is 7 ream, and ma is tarina. 8.9 is the transport section, 1G is the fixing section, 11 is the hopper section, 11 is
! Hiro printing paper, 14 is a stacker, 1s is an electrode wire. 18m and 16b are holding parts, 17 is a guide, and 18 is a plug ◇ j! 111!1. Atsushi 2 figure, %31! l, ゝ-t1
Claims (1)
を現像した後、記録媒体上に転写印刷せ・しめる電子写
真印刷装置において、前記感光素子の帯電゛を除去する
交流放電部の−7[K開口部を設は為と共に、該交流放
電部を前記感光素子の水平軸よ〉下方に、設置したこと
を特徴とする電子写真印刷装置。In an electrophotographic printing apparatus that forms a static latent image on a continuous photosensitive element, develops a static electrostatic snow image, and then performs transfer printing on a recording medium, an alternating current that removes the charge on the photosensitive element is used. An electrophotographic printing apparatus characterized in that a -7K opening of the discharge section is provided, and the AC discharge section is installed below the horizontal axis of the photosensitive element.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP56118147A JPS5818667A (en) | 1981-07-28 | 1981-07-28 | Electrophotographic printer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP56118147A JPS5818667A (en) | 1981-07-28 | 1981-07-28 | Electrophotographic printer |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS5818667A true JPS5818667A (en) | 1983-02-03 |
JPS6348065B2 JPS6348065B2 (en) | 1988-09-27 |
Family
ID=14729238
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP56118147A Granted JPS5818667A (en) | 1981-07-28 | 1981-07-28 | Electrophotographic printer |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS5818667A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0272870U (en) * | 1988-11-25 | 1990-06-04 | ||
JPH0634056A (en) * | 1992-07-16 | 1994-02-08 | Kubota Corp | Seat member installing structure for high temperature butterfly valve |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5140141A (en) * | 1974-09-20 | 1976-04-03 | Konishiroku Photo Ind | |
JPS5234237U (en) * | 1975-09-02 | 1977-03-10 | ||
JPS53110839A (en) * | 1977-03-10 | 1978-09-27 | Kip Kk | Device for removing electricity from transcription member used in device for taking electrophotography |
JPS5494337A (en) * | 1978-01-09 | 1979-07-26 | Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd | Photosensitive drum device |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5234237B2 (en) * | 1972-01-14 | 1977-09-02 |
-
1981
- 1981-07-28 JP JP56118147A patent/JPS5818667A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5140141A (en) * | 1974-09-20 | 1976-04-03 | Konishiroku Photo Ind | |
JPS5234237U (en) * | 1975-09-02 | 1977-03-10 | ||
JPS53110839A (en) * | 1977-03-10 | 1978-09-27 | Kip Kk | Device for removing electricity from transcription member used in device for taking electrophotography |
JPS5494337A (en) * | 1978-01-09 | 1979-07-26 | Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd | Photosensitive drum device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS6348065B2 (en) | 1988-09-27 |
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