JPS58185165A - Ultrafiltration and filter dialysis type artificial kidney - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This invention provides (1) i.
Ultrafiltration is performed using a porous membrane with an average pore size of approximately 100X, (2); the filtrate is subjected to ultrafiltration and dialysis simultaneously through a porous membrane with an average pore diameter of approximately 100X, and (3); ultrafiltration is performed in step (1). This is a new type of artificial kidney that mixes the blood that has been received and the filtrate that has undergone ultrafiltration and dialysis in step (2) and returns it to the patient's body. The purpose of this invention is to reduce the loss of useful protein components, increase the efficiency of ultrafiltration and dialysis, and improve the removability of so-called medium molecular weight substances.

Conventional dialysis-type artificial kidneys have the disadvantage that the average pore diameter of the porous membrane used for dialysis is as small as approximately 50X, and the ability to remove so-called medium molecular weight substances, which are thought to be the causative substance of Uremia Toxin θθ, is low. there were.

Conventional filtration-type artificial kidneys have disadvantages such as a large loss of useful components such as protein and the need for fluid replacement such as electrolytes.

This invention was made for the purpose of improving the conventional drawbacks as described above, and is as follows.

That is, this invention provides a blood inflow port and a blood outflow port respectively attached to the upper and lower parts of an ultrafilter provided with a porous membrane having an average pore diameter of about 1000X, and a blood transport tube connecting the blood inflow port and a puncture needle. Install blood pump, average pore size 10
A filtrate inlet and a filtrate outlet are installed at the top and bottom of an ultrafiltration/dialysis machine equipped with a porous membrane of approximately 0 The filtrate inlet at the top of the device is connected with a filtrate transport pipe, and the dialysate inlet and dialysate outlet are installed on the side of the ultrafiltration/dialysis machine, and the filtrate flow at the bottom of the ultrafiltration/dialysis machine is connected. Connect the filtrate transport pipe that reached the outlet and the blood transport pipe attached to the blood outflow port at the bottom of the ultrafilter to the blood/filtrate transport pipe to which the puncture needle was attached, and connect this connection to the ultrafilter. filtration·
It is characterized in that a filtrate pump is attached to the filtrate transport pipe between the filtrate outlet at the bottom of the dialyzer.

Since the present invention is constructed as described above, a more detailed explanation will be given below with reference to FIG. 1, which is an embodiment of the present invention.

1 is an ultrafilter equipped with a porous membrane having an average pore diameter of about 100OX, and a blood inlet 2 and a blood outlet 3 are attached to the upper and lower parts of the ultrafilter 1, respectively. A filtrate outlet 4 is attached to the lower side of the vessel 1.

5 is a filtrate ultrafiltration/dialysis machine equipped with a porous membrane with an average pore diameter of about 100x (preferably 100x or more), and a filtrate flow volume 6 and a filtrate flow are formed in the upper and lower parts of the ultrafiltration/dialysis machine 5, respectively. In addition to attaching an outflow lower, a dialysate inlet 8 and a dialysate outlet 9 are attached to the side of the ultrafiltration/dialyzer 5.

The rear end of a blood transport tube 11 with a puncture needle 10 attached to its tip is connected to the blood inlet 2 at the top of the ultrafilter 1, and a blood pump 12 is installed in the middle of this blood transport tube 11. The filtrate outlet 4 on the side of the ultrafilter 1 and the filtrate flow port 6 at the upper part of the ultrafilter/dialyzer 5 are connected by a filtrate transport pipe 13, and the blood flow at the lower part of the ultrafilter 1 is connected. The other ends of the blood transport pipe 14 connected to the outlet 3 and the filtrate transport pipe 15 connected to the filtrate outflow lower portion at the bottom of the ultrafiltration/dialyzer 5 are connected to a blood/filtrate transport pipe with a puncture needle 16 attached to one end. 17, and a filtrate pump 18 is attached to the filtrate transport pipe 15 between this connection and the filtrate outflow lower at the bottom of the ultrafiltration/dialyzer 5. Dialysate transport pipes 19 and 20 are respectively installed between the dialysate inlet 8 and dialysate outlet 9 on the side and a dialysate supply device (not shown).

Since the present invention is configured as described above, it has the following effects.

Blood (arterial blood) flowing from the puncture needle 10 due to the suction action of the blood pump 12 passes through the blood transport tube 11 and passes through the blood inlet 2 at the top of the ultrafilter 1 to the porous membrane of the ultrafilter 1 (Fig. (not shown).

While flowing through this porous membrane, the difference in chemical potential between the inside and outside of the porous membrane, that is, the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the porous membrane, is used to remove water and old substances in the blood. Metabolites are moved out of the porous membrane and removed. The porous membrane of this ultrafilter 1 has a very large average diameter of about 1000X, so conventional hemodialyzers (conventional devices generally have an average pore diameter of 50X)
A porous membrane of about 1 is provided. ), it is possible to move molecules larger than the substance to be separated (middle molecules) out of the porous membrane and separate them. In this way, the blood is filtered and purified by the ultrafilter 1, and flows out into the blood transport tube 14 from the blood outlet 6 at the bottom of the ultrafilter 1.

The filtrate that is separated from the blood flowing through the porous membrane with an average pore diameter of about 1000'h provided in this ultrafilter 1 and moved outside the porous membrane is the filtrate attached to the lower part of the side of this ultrafilter 1. The filtrate flows out from the outlet 4 and passes through the filtrate transport pipe 13 from the filtrate flow port 6 to the average pore diameter 10 provided in the ultrafiltration/dialyzer 5.
It flows into a porous membrane (not shown) with a diameter of about 0.times.

The dialysate flowing out from the dialysate supply device (not shown) passes through the dialysate transport pipe 19 and flows into the filtrate filtration/dialysis machine 5 from the dialysate inlet 8, and then flows through the ultrafiltration/dialysis machine 5. After the treatment, the dialysate flows out from the dialysate outlet 9, passes through the dialysate transport pipe 20, and is discharged and removed from the dialysate outlet (not shown).

While the dialysate is being passed through the ultrafiltration/dialysis machine 5, the water and metabolites in it are removed from the filtrate flowing down through the porous membrane provided in the ultrafiltration/dialysis machine 5 outside the porous membrane. to separate and remove. In this ultrafiltration/dialyzer 5, ultrafiltration and dialysis of the filtrate are simultaneously performed as described above using a porous membrane having an average pore diameter of about 100× (preferably 100× or more).

Note that proteins in the filtrate are not removed.

Since this ultrafiltration/dialysis machine 5 filters and dialyzes only the filtrate, the viscosity is lower than in the case of conventional hemodialysis in which whole blood is dialyzed, and the efficiency of blood ultrafiltration/dialysis is higher. . Compared to conventional filtering artificial kidneys, there is almost no loss of useful components such as protein, and there is no need for replacement fluids such as electrolytes.

The filtrate subjected to ultrafiltration and dialysis simultaneously flows out from the filtrate outflow lower, passes through the filtrate transport pipe 15,
The blood flows out into the blood filtrate transport pipe 17, mixes with the blood that has flowed out into the blood filtrate transport pipe 17 from the blood transport pipe 14, and flows out from the puncture needle 16 into the vein.

The extent to which blood is filtered within the ultrafilter 1 is controlled by adjusting the pressurization of the blood pump 12, and the filtrate filtered through the ultrafilter 1 flows into the ultrafilter 5. However, the extent to which the filtrate is subjected to ultrafiltration and dialysis simultaneously in the ultrafiltration/dialyzer 5 can be controlled by adjusting the negative pressure on the dialysate side.

Since this invention has the above-mentioned functions, it has the following effects.

(a) There is almost no loss of useful components such as protein d%, which is a problem with conventional filtering artificial kidneys, and there is no need for replacement fluids such as electrolytes.

(b) Compared to conventional dialysis-type artificial kidneys, the filtrate component that has been ultrafiltered from whole blood is ultrafiltered and dialysed, so the viscosity of the filtrate is lower, making it easier to use ultrafiltration and dialysis than methods that dialyze whole blood. High efficiency.

(C) Compared to the porous membrane with an average pore diameter of about 50X used in conventional dialysis-type artificial kidneys, we use porous membranes with a larger average pore diameter of about 100X and 1000^, respectively, so the so-called medium pore diameter is used. Molecular weight substances (Uremia To
xi, nee)), which are considered to be the causative substances, becomes more removable.

There are significant effects such as

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of the invention. 1... Ultrafilter 2...Blood inlet 6...Blood outflow port 4.7...Filtrate outlet 5... Ultrafiltration/dialysis machine 6...Filtrate inlet 8... Dialysate inlet 9... Dialysate outflow port 10.16...Puncture example 11.14・・・Blood transport tube 12・・・Blood pump 16.15...Filtrate transport pipe 17...Blood filtrate transport tube 18...Filtrate pump 19.20... Dialysate transport tube

Claims (1)

[Claims] A blood inlet and a blood outlet are attached to the upper and lower parts of an ultrafilter equipped with a porous membrane with an average pore diameter of about 1000λ, respectively, and a blood pump is attached to the blood transport tube connecting the blood inlet and the puncture needle. A filtrate inlet and a filtrate outlet are attached to the upper and lower parts of an ultrafiltration/dialyzer equipped with a porous membrane with an average pore diameter of approximately 100X, respectively, and a filtrate outlet and an ultrafiltration outlet attached to the side of the ultrafilter are・Connect the filtrate inlet at the top of the dialyzer with a filtrate transport pipe, and connect the above ultrafiltration
Attach the dialysate inlet and dialysate outlet to the side of the dialyzer.
The filtrate transport pipe attached to the filtrate outlet at the bottom of the ultrafiltration/dialysis machine and the blood transport pipe attached to the blood outlet at the bottom of the ultrafilter are connected to a blood/filtrate transport pipe with a puncture needle attached. An ultrafiltration/filtration dialysis type artificial kidney, characterized in that a filtrate pump is attached to a filtrate transport pipe between this connection part and a filtrate outlet at the bottom of the ultrafiltration/dialysis machine.