JPS58182698A - Code identification and electronic keyed instrument employing same - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an electronic keyboard instrument that generates a signal with a frequency corresponding to the note name assigned to each key, and in particular, chord discrimination that can be performed on 8 irises that are accompanied by chords. The present invention aims to provide a method and an electronic keyboard instrument using the method.

<Background of the Invention> Various electronic f1 and board instruments are commercially available, which control the oscillator by keystrokes, generate a signal with a frequency of the note name corresponding to the pressed key, and emit the sound. There is. Among these, as a recent trend, many instruments have been developed that allow even beginners to play chord accompaniment (hereinafter referred to as chords) in the 8th crystal.

Even beginners can perform chord accompaniment under the following conditions: by pressing the keys with one or two fingers, the same chord as if pressed with more fingers is output, and then by adding that chord to a set rhythm (-) for automatic accompaniment. Hereinafter, this chord accompaniment method for beginners will be referred to as the simple accompaniment method.

The conventional method for realizing a simple accompaniment method is to define an area on the keyboard as an accompaniment key, assign a chord name to each key in the accompaniment area, and then press one key in the accompaniment area to hear the assigned chord name. The code will be output along with the set rhythm. For example, when an accompaniment key is pressed, an address signal indicating that key is generated, the ROM is accessed by this address signal, and the chord information stored in the 1 (OM) is read out. This can be achieved by controlling the code intermittently.

By the way, you can assign it to the accompaniment area lol! There is a limit to the number of boards, and you cannot explore as many as you want. Generally, it is about 12-, which corresponds to one octave. Therefore, with the simple accompaniment method described above, only about 12 chords can be output.

For this reason, in the conventional 'lk setting, the keystroke operation of another finger is added to the one-finger accompaniment, so that more chords than two can be played.

By the way, in the conventional code output using two fingers, a combination of two keys is determined in advance, and 42 codes of the combination are assigned. In other words, the manufacturer determines in advance which key combination corresponds to which code, and the user must memorize the key combination determined by the manufacturer.

In electronic keyboard instruments currently available on the market that have easy-to-hear keys for accompaniment, the chords produced by the combination of two keys determined by the manufacturer are completely unrelated to the original note names assigned to those keys. It has become. For example, C, (
When playing a C seven chord, it is originally C, E, G.
, where you have to operate the Bb keys.
This is a combination of key C and key D next to it. '' is a combination of keys that have no equivalent relationship to the chords originally defined in music.

<Disadvantages of the conventional simple accompaniment method> By memorizing the keyboard combinations determined by this manufacturer, beginners can play a considerable number of chords using one-finger and two-finger combinations. However, those who have already learned how to play the piano, etc., are forced to play chords that are extremely troublesome.Also, even beginners are forced to play key combinations that are completely unrelated to the actual chord playing. It has no musical meaning, and it is not applicable to any musical instrument, so it is actually harmful.

(Purpose of the Invention) This invention is based on the combination of keys originally determined by music theory (1: hitting the keys in accordance with the key combination (= 1), so even if the number of keys to be hit is smaller than the number of keys that should be hit originally, it is possible to The present invention aims to provide a chord discrimination method capable of outputting new chords by discriminating chords, and an electronic musical instrument using the method.

Therefore, according to this invention, musical (=determined chords)
By pressing one or two keys corresponding to Y, the intended chord can be played.

Therefore, beginners should be able to play the necessary chords with one or two fingers within the range that they can memorize and use. By pressing a key that produces a chord, a chord determined by the combination of keys can be produced.To provide an electronic keyboard instrument with an automatic accompaniment device that is compatible with both beginners (and very advanced players). I can do it.

<Embodiment of the Invention> FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the invention. In the figure, numeral 101 indicates a wl board composed of a plurality of keys, and numeral 102 indicates a scanner. That is, a switch is attached to each key of the keyboard 101, and the switch is turned on by pressing the key. The scanner 102 constantly monitors the state of the switch of each key, converts which key has been operated by keystroke into a digital code, and sends it to the input board 103.

When the input information is input to 103, the CPU
The O4 takes this information and temporarily stores the keystroke information in a corresponding area of the RAM 105. At the same time, it is determined whether or not the percussion information belongs to the accompaniment area using the area determination list 106. In the present invention, the accompaniment area is assigned, for example, two octave keys (-) to the bass side of the keyboard 101.

If the keystroke information is outside the accompaniment area, the keystroke information is t#! i
f 107 d transfer L, key press h t key - t - * + Outputs a signal corresponding to the frequency of the guessed note name from the sound source device 107.

If it is determined in the area determination list 106 that it belongs to the accompaniment area, the number of keystrokes is determined in accordance with the keystroke count determination list 109. If the number of pressed keys is one, the decoder 111 converts it into major chord information of the name assigned to the pressed key. In other words, if the leftmost key on the bass side is C, the arrangement of keys in the accompaniment area is the second key from the bottom.
C, CI, D, D fist, E, F, F as shown in the figure
・、G、G・.

One person...B, C, C..., D...B. Therefore, when one key is pressed within this accompaniment region, the decoder 111 converts it into major chord information of the pitch name assigned to that key. For example, if you press the key corresponding to C (any key above or below is fine), C
It is determined that C1H and G forming the major chord have been pressed, and the keystroke information corresponding to C, E, and G is transferred to the sound source device 108, and c, E.

A chord signal corresponding to G is output from the sound source device [108].

The sound source device 1108 can use one with a well-known structure, but to briefly explain its structure, as shown in FIG.
-=・=3011 and this L/9 star 3011 to 301
Multiple DAs that convert key information stored in n to 9 people
Converters 302a to 302n and the plurality of DA converters 3
Voltage controlled oscillators 303a to 30 whose oscillation frequencies are controlled by analog voltages output from 02a to 302n
3n, and circuits 304a to 304n that waveform-shape the signals output from the voltage-controlled oscillators 303a to 303n so as to have the tone of a desired instrument, and also cut and paste the signals according to an accompaniment list to be described later. 3
Miku 1 mixes and outputs the signals output from 04fl
1-305, a controller 306 that selects an empty register among the registers 3018 to 301n and stores the key information transferred from the CPU 104, and a circuit 304a that selects an empty register among the registers 3018 to 301n and stores the key information transferred from the accompaniment list. 304n.

The operation of the sound source device [108] is as follows. In other words, the CPU
When key information is transferred from 104 via path 107, controller 306' selects an empty register from registers 301a to 301n and stores the key information in the empty register. Registers 3012-301n
The key information stored in the DA converters 302a to 30
2n performs A conversion and provides analog voltages corresponding to the key information to the voltage controlled oscillators 303a to 303n. The voltage controlled oscillators 3038 to 303n oscillate at a frequency corresponding to the applied analog voltage, and output a signal at a frequency corresponding to the pressed key.

The registers 301a to 301n are divided into registers for storing key information for the melody area of the keyboard 101 and registers for storing key information for the accompaniment area. For example, about 2 to 3 registers are required to store key information in the melody area, and about 4 to 5 registers are required to store key information in the accompaniment area.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 112 indicates a rhythm and timbre information storage device. The rhythm and timbre information storage device 112 stores rhythm information and timbre information such as waltz, rumba, mambo, etc., and the rhythm information and timbre information are successively outputted from the setting device 113 to the controller 307. will be forwarded to. Therefore, the controller 307 performs timbre control by controlling the cutoff frequency of the variable filter, etc. so that the timbre is set for, for example, the circuits 304a and 304b which have the melody part. In addition, circuits 304C to 30 that have accompaniment parts
For 4n, timbre control is performed and the set rhythm pattern (=therefore, the signal is controlled intermittently.

The configuration up to this point can be considered to be almost equivalent to an electronic keyboard instrument with simple automatic accompaniment that is currently on the market.

<Description of the iJ1 invention of this application> The chord discrimination method according to the present invention detects the interval between the two keys when at least two keys are pressed in the accompaniment area, and calculates a predetermined value from the interval between the two keys. It is designed to judge the code.

Here, we examine the unique sounds of each chord. ■ Major chords are characterized by a major third interval.

■ Minor chords feature a dissonance with a categorical third interval.

■ Diminished chords are characterized by a sound with an interval of an augmented fourth.

■ Augmented chords feature a parable with an augmented fifth interval.

■ The seventh chord is originally characterized by an interval of a major 7th, but here it is treated as having an interval of a major 2nd. The reason for this will be explained later.

■ The minor seventh chord is also originally characterized by an interval of a major seventh, but here it is treated as having an interval of a minor second with the upper note as the root note.

In this way, each chord has a characteristic interval between notes, so the chord discrimination method of the present invention detects the interval, and detects the interval between the notes and other chords other than the seventh chord and the minor seventh chord. It is determined that the lower part is the root note, and the chord name is the note name of that root note. For seventh chords and minor seventh chords, the upper part is the root note, and the chord name is determined to be the note name of the root note.

Here, if the scattered bass note is set as the root note and keystroke information with the above-mentioned interval is not retrieved from that match, the above-mentioned interval is searched again using the next upper note as the root note. When the above-mentioned interval is found through this search, a chord name having that note as the root note is determined.

<Electronic I using code discrimination method! Embodiment of I-board musical instrument〉 Electronic proposed in the second invention of this release! For ilI board instruments, the keys in the accompaniment area are 2 in 109 (determining the number of keys pressed)
The present invention is characterized in that, when it is detected that two or more keys have been pressed, an interval search means 114 is provided for searching for a key having a specified interval from among the two or more keys. When two or more keys are pressed in the accompaniment area of the keyboard 101, the interval search means 114 searches for a combination of keys having a specific interval.

Next, when that specific interval is detected, the decoder Ill uses the lowest key pressed as the root note, and uses that root note and the previously detected specific interval to produce a sound that has that root note and the specific interval. This is configured to output a code flavor including the following. In addition, if the interval that characterizes each chord is not detected as a result of searching for the interval that characterizes each chord with the lowest note of the keys pressed as the root note, then the next higher note is used as the root note. The search shall be made again.

Examples of sound combinations for chord discrimination are shown in Figures 4 to 7.
This will be explained using figures. Figure 4 is the major chord table, 91
Fig. 45 shows a minor chord table, Fig. 6 shows a diminutive chord table, Fig. 7 shows an auxiliary chord table, Fig. 9 shows a seventh chord table, and Fig. 9 shows a major and -seventh chord table.

In each of these code tables, the top code, for example C(
If you look at the two, C, Cm, Cdim, C", C
,.

Cmaj' each indicates a chord name. The combination of words that make up the chord is shown below each chord name.

It is assumed that the symbols of the notes constituting each chord correspond to the keys of the accompaniment area shown in Figure %2. Also, the lowest note of the chords that make up the chord is the root note of that chord. Therefore, in each chord table, the right part is a chord with the black key as the root note.

In the present invention, in each chord table, a beginner can play a chord that includes at least a note marked with an ○ by hitting a key with the name of the note.

First, I will explain the Kando accompaniment method for beginners. In other words, the major chord shown in FIG. 4 is a chord that can be played with one finger, as described above.

By pressing a key corresponding to the root note of each chord, the decoder 111 converts the key information into major chord information having the key note as the root note.

Other keys Db, D, Eb, E,
F, Gb.

G, Ab, A, Bb, B are each 1
Even if the key is pressed one by one, the decoder 111 successively outputs the major chord of each note name.

All of the chords shown in Figure 5 and below can be played with two fingers. In other words, when two keys are pressed in the accompaniment area, it is detected that two keys have been pressed in the keystroke number determination list 109 (2), and the interval between the two keys is searched by the interval search means 114. If the key ON interval is a minor third, it is determined to be a minor chord as shown in Figure 5.For example, if you hit the keys C and Bb, it is determined to be a Cm (C minor chord) with C on the bass side as the root note, Each key information corresponding to C, Eb, and Gl constituting the code is read out from the decoder 111, and this key information is transferred to the sound source device 108, and the key information corresponding to C, Bb,
, Gl2 corresponding sound signals are output. Key combinations with intervals of a minor third are those marked with a circle in FIG.

Next, for example, when two keys, C and Gb, are pressed, the interval search means 114 determines that it is an augmented fourth. The sound combination of 4gc has a parable characteristic of the Dei Mini Tsunyu chord shown in Figure 6. Therefore, in the case of the combination of C and Gb, it corresponds to Cd1m (C dei minitsch) with C as the root note. Other key combinations, D-Ab, E-B'', G
-Db, A-B", B-F.

Db-G, Eb-A, Gb-C, A"-D, Bb-1
1' Ddim, Edim, F
dimo, -... Can judge Btl alm and kill by playing dimi=':tv chord with two fingers.

(=For example, when you press two keys, C and QI, the interval search means 114 determines that it is an augmented fifth. This combination of sounds of an augmented fifth has the augmented chord writing shown in FIG. 7. Therefore, C and In the case of the combination G, C with C as the root note
(C Augment).

Other key combinations D-A number, g-C, F-C number.

G-D number, A-F, B-G, Db-A, Eb-13
By pressing the keys ゜Gb-1), Ab-E, and Hb-F-, you can determine the augmented chord whose root note is the lower note of each key, and you can play all augmented chords with two fingers. can do.

Next, Iishima accompaniment for the seventh chord and major seventh chord shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 will be explained. The seventh chord should originally be played using a combination of Figure 8 (20), for example, C and Bb, but!J
As is clear from Figure 2, C and Bb at the bottom are far apart. In other words, the two keys circled in Figure 8 are all spaced by a minor seventh. If the code is discriminated using these two widely separated keys, the operation becomes difficult for beginners. Also, for the major seventh chord shown in Figure 9, use two fingers to identify the major seventh chord (for example, = is C and B relative is D
It is required to operate two keys with an interval of 7 degrees, such as and Db. Therefore, in the case of this major seventh chord, you will have to operate two keys that are far apart, and it will be the first time for you to do so. ! The operation is difficult for those who are

Therefore, chord discrimination is performed using the upper note as the root note only in the case of a seventh chord and a major seventh chord.

In other words, the decoder 111 is configured so that when two keys are pressed that are spaced apart by a major second from the upper note, it is determined to be a seventh chord. Further, the decoder 111 is configured so that when two keys are pressed with the interval between the upper note and the lower note separated by a minor second, a major seventh chord is determined as shown in FIG. 9.

From the above, you can understand the chord discrimination method in the simple accompaniment method using one finger and two fingers.

Next: 2. How to play for advanced players (I will explain this in detail. For advanced players, it is actually easier to play if you hit all the keys that are supposed to be pressed for each chord.Chord discrimination proposed in the first invention of this article) According to this method, it is possible to determine the chord even if all the keys that are supposed to be pressed are pressed.

In other words, in the above-mentioned simple accompaniment method, it was explained that the major chord shown in FIG. 4 is determined by hitting only the root note, but according to the first invention of this application, the characteristics of each chord are determined. The system detects the interval between the keys that are pressed and determines the code based on the interval information, so even if multiple keys that should be pressed are pressed, the desired code is determined and the code information is output from the decoder 111. can be done.

In this way, according to the present invention, each chord is determined from the interval between two keys that have at least a key characteristic of that chord. Even if you press key number 4, you can ignore the emotion of the keystroke and judge the chord.

Therefore, according to this invention, even if all the keys necessary for chord accompaniment that should be pressed are pressed, the above-mentioned
By detecting the distance between the two keys described in ■,
The correct chord can be determined from the key interval information.

According to this invention, a special playing method for advanced players can be realized. In other words, by continuing to press at least one key while pressing the key that was supposed to be pressed and changing the other key, the chord determined by the previous key pressing can be output as well as the chord of the changed key at the same time. can.

In other words, if you are pressing C, E, and G keys, and if you remove Neyuki's C and press C again, for example, B, as shown in Figure 10, in addition to the C major sound determined by c, g, and o, A new fB can be added. As another playing method, for example, if you hit the keys C, E, and G as shown in Figure 11 (-), then release E and G with your knee, and then hit another key, such as F, the pace note will be C. You can produce a sound that sounds like F major.

This playing method can be realized by a combination of the chord discrimination method of the present invention and the tone generator shown in FIG.

FIG. 12 shows an embodiment of the third invention of this application.

The third invention of this application is the rhythm and timbre information storage device 112.
The arrangement is such that the performer can write an accompaniment pattern that is convenient for him/herself.

Rhythm and tone information storage 112 is generally made of ROM, and several types of accompaniment patterns are prepared in advance by the manufacturer. However, as the player becomes accustomed to playing, it becomes impossible to adjust the accompaniment pattern only using the accompaniment pattern stored in the storage device 112. For this reason, in the present invention, a part of the rhythm and timbre information storage 112 is provided with an RAM, and the player is configured to be able to store the key 4 pattern that he/she wants to play in this RAM.

In FIG. 12, reference numeral 1201 is a RAM provided within the rhythm and timbre information storage device 112. An accompaniment pattern is input from #iII 11101 into this RAM 1201 in the write mode, and the accompaniment pattern is written into the RAM 1201. 1202 indicates an input/output boat. This crowded capo)
By connecting, for example, a cassette tape recorder (not particularly shown) to the input/output terminal 1202, the R
The accompaniment pattern stored in the AM 1201 can be transferred to a cassette tape recorder and stored therein.

Furthermore, by reproducing the accompaniment pattern as necessary, it is possible to write an accompaniment pattern from the magnetic tape into the RAM 1201. The accompaniment pattern to which this writing is performed can include not only the chords determined by the chord discrimination method described above, but also the accompaniment pattern played by the performer himself by canceling the chord discrimination function.

As explained above, according to the present invention, it is possible to perform either a simple accompaniment for beginners or an original performance method for advanced players. Therefore, it can be used by both beginners and advanced users.

However, when specifying a chord using two keys in the simple accompaniment method, the chord is judged from the interval between the two keys, so those two keys are part of the keys that should originally be played, and are not musically correct. It is a meaningful key. Also, since it is applicable to other keyboard instruments, it is not a waste to memorize the combination of these two keys, and it is meaningful for beginners.

Therefore, it is possible to provide an electronic keyboard instrument that is compatible with both beginners and advanced users, and its effects are outstanding in practical use.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a plan view for explaining keys in the chord accompaniment area of the keyboard, and Fig. 3 is an example of a sound source device used in an electronic keyboard instrument. FIGS. 4 to 9 are block diagrams for explaining the operation of the decoder for chord determination, and FIGS. 12 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the third invention of this application. zot:nu, 102: means for detecting which key on the keyboard is pressed, 103: input board , 104
: CPU, 105: RAM, 106: Area determination list, 107: Data path, 108: Sound source device,
109: Keystroke count determination list, 111: Decoder, 112
:! J rhythm and timbre information list, 114: key interval search means, 1201: storage device into which rhythm and timbre information can be stored. Patent applicant: Keio Giken Kogyo Co., Ltd. agent Takashi Hanano Procedural amendment (voluntary) Commissioner of the Japan Patent Office June 2, 1980 Indication of case No. 1 Patent application 1983-66941, title of invention Code discrimination method and its use Relationship between the electronic keyboard instrument 3 and the case of the person who cheated on Mi
Sumo Building 6615 Patent Attorney Kusano 4 j
:': ';;! . , Yu Spring 5, Subject of amendment Detailed explanation column of the invention in the specification and Drawing 6, Contents of amendment Changed "inner seventh code" to "major seventh code"
Correct each. (3) ``Add a new sound B'' on page 21, line 15 of the same book is corrected to ``change the root note to B.'' (4) Correct figure $9 in the drawing as shown in the attached figure. Above ■ b Procedural amendment (voluntary) June 11, 1980 Director General of the Patent Office ■, Indication of case Patent application 1983-66941, Title of invention Cord discrimination method and electronic keyboard instrument using the same 8 amendments Relationship with the patent applicant: Keio Giken Kogyo Co., Ltd. 4, agent: 4-2-21 Shindo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo
Sumo Building 6615 Patent Attorney Taku Kusano-5,
Target of amendment Drawing 6, details of amendment (1) Figure 9 in the drawing will be corrected as shown in the attached drawing. ,°,1. Omaja 7th chord

Claims (1)

[Claims] (IIA, a chord discrimination method that detects the interval between at least two pressed keys, and determines a chord that includes the interval based on the interval information of the keys. (2) A, a scale. A keyboard comprising a plurality of keys that can be selectively activated to produce a sound corresponding to each note name; B. Means for detecting which key on the keyboard is pressed; C1. D. means for detecting the number of pressed keys when keys in a predetermined area of the keyboard are pressed; D. means for detecting the number of pressed keys when two or more keys in the predetermined area are pressed; and (E) means for detecting the interval between two of the keys when the number of keys pressed is detected by the means for detecting the number of pressed keys.When the number of pressed keys is one, the major chord information of the note name corresponding to the pressed key is detected. An electronic keyboard instrument comprising: a decoder that searches for a chord having an interval detected by the interval detecting means and outputs the chord information when the number of keys pressed is two or more. (31A, A keyboard comprising a plurality of keys that can be selectively activated to cause the generation of a nursery rhyme corresponding to each note name of a scale; B. means for detecting which key on the keyboard is pressed; C1. a rhythm and timbre information storage device that controls the performance so that when a key in a predetermined area of the keyboard is pressed, a chord determined by the pressed key is played according to a preset accompaniment/<turn; An electronic keyboard instrument comprising: a second rhythm and timbre axis memory provided in the rhythm and timbre information memory, which is constituted by a readable memory and into which a desired accompaniment pattern can be written.