JPS58149639A - Process for improving quality of fruit - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve the quality of a fruit such as increase in Brix scale, etc., by applying and attaching a preparation obtained by adding a water-soluble calcium salt, and a spreader to calcium carbonate granules to fruits in cultivation. CONSTITUTION:Fine granules of calcium carbonate having 0.6-2.8mum average particle diameters are blended with 5-40wt% water-soluble calcium salt such as clacium lactate, etc. and 1-10wt% spreading organic polymer such as PVA, CMC, etc. to give a preparation, which is applied to fruits in cultivtion. The preparation is effective for applies, pears, and citrus fruits, and the preparation diluted 50 times is applied to the fruits three-five times from a cytokinesis peroid after blooming to a maturing stage.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for improving the quality of fruit, and more specifically, it is applied to fruit on the tree before harvest to reduce acidity, increase sugar, promote coloration, protect the fruit surface, prevent floating skin, and take preventive measures. The present invention relates to a method for improving the quality of fruit which is seen after harvesting, with the effect of promoting and increasing shelf life.

In recent years, the production of fruits has increased dramatically, and depending on the variety, overproduction has lowered market prices, putting producers' businesses in jeopardy.

As a countermeasure, producers are conducting various research aimed at producing higher quality fruits that are more palatable to consumers. Therefore, the following factors can be cited for producing high quality fruits.

First of all, the ingredients in the pulp, which is the edible part of the fruit, are mentioned, and the fruit that is said to be delicious has a high sugar content and moderate acidity.Also, the appearance of the fruit is considered as an evaluation at the time of shipment. This is limited to the epidermis of the fruit, and is highly evaluated as an excellent product if it has a deep vermilion color, a clean skin that is free from pests and diseases, and is firm and full.

The control of pests and diseases can be solved by using insecticides and fungicides, but it is difficult to improve the content of fruits, increase sugar content, reduce acidity, promote vermilion color, prevent floating skin, and increase storage capacity.
This is a problem that cannot be easily solved using cultivation technology alone.

For apples, persimmons, persimmons, and citrus fruits, a method using preparations based on calcium carbonate as a fruit surface maintenance agent, prevention of floating skin, and pediculosis promoter has already been proposed, that is, Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-30767.
A method for promoting pink toe and preventing floating skin on citrus fruits has been put into practical use, but its effects tend to be unstable, and it is difficult to achieve sufficient preventive effects, especially under heavy rainfall conditions such as in years with heavy rainfall. There are no drawbacks.

The present invention was made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for solving the above-mentioned problem of foliage in fruit-producing areas.

As described above, the present invention provides fine particles of calcium carbonate with an average particle size of 0.6 μm or less and a treatment amount of 5 to 40 μm of water-soluble calcium salts, such as calcium acetate, calcium lactate, and properties equivalent to these. and its throughput is from 1 to 10-spreadable organic polymers, such as PVA
, C.M.C.

A formulation is prepared by treating with polyvinyl acetate resin or a substance with similar properties, and the formulation is sprayed onto the fruits of growing fruit trees as a hydrating agent to increase sugar content and reduce acidity in the fruit. The purpose is to promote coloring, protect the fruit surface, prevent peeling, promote baby toes, and increase storage stability.

In general, the development process of fruits can be roughly divided into the following four stages. In other words, the cell division phase begins with the differentiation of flower buds, and continues until 20 to 30 days after full bloom, when fruit cell division is the main activity.The cytoplasm increase phase, in which polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids called cytoplasm increase in cells that have finished dividing. During the fruit enlargement stage, when soluble salts, sugars, and other substances that have the greatest impact on taste are accumulated in the cells, the sugar content in the pulp cells increases and the acid content decreases, making the fruit edible and the fruit skin colored. This is the stage of ripening of the fruit until it progresses and becomes fully colored rice.

In the present invention, for apples and pears, the preparation according to the present invention is adjusted to a concentration of 50 times and sprayed on the fruit 3 to 5 times from the cell division stage to the fruit enlargement stage. Effects such as prevention of fruit surface disorders such as rough skin, rust, and fruit splitting of harvested fruits, promotion of coloration, increase in sugar content, increase in fruit hardness, and improvement in storage stability were obtained.

In addition, in the case of citrus fruits, the preparation according to the present invention described above was applied 3 to 5 times, 5 times, from the cytoplasm increase stage of the fruit to the fruit ripening stage.
By spraying and coating citrus fruits at a concentration adjusted to 0 times, the effects of increasing the sugar content, reducing acidity, promoting coloration, and promoting the prevention of floating skin in harvested fruits were obtained.

The present invention will be explained in more detail below.

In general, increases and decreases in fruit juice components such as polysaccharides and acids that affect the taste of fruit are closely related to increases and decreases in calcium content in the fruit pulp, which in turn is closely related to the production of fructose. Furthermore, the increase or decrease in calcium content in the fruit pulp is also related to the increase or decrease in citric acid, which is the main component of the acidity of citrus fruits, and this is thought to be due to the buffering effect of calcium absorbed in the fruit pulp. That is, in the present invention, when the preparation according to the present invention is processed during the period from the cell division stage to the cytoplasm increase stage, when the metabolism of the fruit is at its highest, calcium is actively supplied to the pulp of the fruit, resulting in sugar increase and decrease. It was able to promote the acid effect and increase the taste.

On the other hand, as the ripeness of the fruit progresses, the color of the fruit skin also increases. Coloration is a phenomenon in which chlorophyll in the fruit skin decomposes and pigments such as anthocyans in apples and carotenoids in citrus fruits increase. be. Weather conditions such as sunlight and temperature also play a major role in promoting coloration, but it is well known that the production of ethylene, a plant maturation hormone, promotes coloration. In the present invention, by using the preparation according to the present invention before the fruit coloring period,
The function of this coloring promoting effect is not scientifically clear, and it is speculated that this is probably because it is involved in ethylene production in the fruit.

With the increase in the cultivation of apples and pears without foliage, fruit surface defects such as cracks in the skin, rust, and fissures are occurring frequently, leading to a decline in their commercial value. Regarding storage stability, fruits grown without marsupials are more susceptible to softening and physiological disorders than fruits grown without marsupials. Furthermore, in citrus fruits, a large void is created between the pericarp and the pulp, causing a problem of floating fruit with a poorly firmed peel. Technology to reduce fruit surface damage and floating fruit by spraying calcium carbonate irrigation agents is already on the verge of becoming widespread, but its effects are not stable.

In the present invention, the treatment of the preparation according to the present invention actively absorbs and utilizes calcium into the pericarp and pulp, thereby strengthening the epidermal cells, and at the same time provides a physical film effect that deposits calcium on the pericarp. This has the effect of preventing fruit surface damage and floating skin. In other words, in apples, increasing the calcium content in the fruit increases fruit hardness and improves storage stability.

Furthermore, it is possible to shorten and omit the artificial peel water evaporation process (baby finger process) that is commonly performed in the storage of citrus fruits, resulting in the effect of increasing the storability of the fruit.

By implementing the method according to the present invention as described above,
When calcium carbonate with a predetermined average particle size is treated with a spreadable organic polymer, and when treated with water-soluble calcium salts alone, unexpected effects are obtained in terms of K, and in terms of cultivating fruits, it is highly effective. It enables the production of quality fruits and stabilizes the management of fruit growers.

Next, examples of the present invention will be described in comparison with other comparative examples.

In addition, in the present invention, the average particle diameter is 0.6 μ or more and 2.8
Regarding the use of calcium carbonate with a particle size of less than μ and the treatment with a spreadable organic polymer of 1 to 10 μm, the details are disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-30767 [Method for Promoting Little Finger and Preventing Peeling of Citrus Fruits] by the same applicant. Since the basis for this is publicly available, we will omit the explanation.

Table 1 shows examples according to the present invention (indicated by an * mark outside the table).

The same applies below) and the specifications of each comparative example formulation. The processing amount of organic polymer in the table is based on the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-3076.
Among the formulations according to No. 7, the 5th formulation was fixed because it was the most standard and had good results.

Table 2 shows the specific chemical spraying specifications of the formulations listed in Table 1. In the spraying order 6 to 10 in the table, formulations No. 1 to 19 shown in Table 1 are used, and this is shown in Table 2. Add and mix to the general medicine in the specified ratio (dilution ratio),
This was first sprayed on the fruits of the citrus side (normal unshu, 10 years old) under cultivation, and compared with plots sprayed with each formulation and plots not sprayed. The results are shown in Table 3.

In Table 3, round 12 to confirm the effect of spraying each formulation.
On the 8th of every month, 100 plots were randomly selected from each plot sprayed with each preparation, and the floating skin was evaluated on a 4-grade scale from 0 (absent) to 3 (severe) based on texture K, and the floating skin index was determined by the following formula. The smaller the value, the greater the anti-floating skin effect.

In addition, the degree of coloring ranges from uncolored (1) to fully colored (10).
The stage system, sugar content, and acidity were investigated using conventional methods. In addition,
The rot rate was investigated on fruits stored until January 25 of the following year to confirm the baby toe effect.

1st! 1st! Formulation Specifications Table 2 Chemical Spraying Specifications (Note) All general chemical names in the table are brand names of agricultural fungicides or insecticides.

In Table 3, first of all, when looking at the anti-floating skin effect, the formulations tla12 to tla16 and 9 to N according to the present invention are shown.
For 113 K, water-soluble calcium salts are used to prepare N115 (this preparation of No. 15 is based on the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Publication No.
No. 67 uses calcium carbonate having the most preferred average particle diameter. ), the effect is clearly recognized compared to N116 to m19 with only soluble calcium salts, and the case of no spraying. It can be seen that the amount of water-soluble calcium salts treated in the present invention has the greatest effect near the spacing. That is, formulations Nll to Nl114
According to the graph (see attached figure) showing the relationship between the float index data and the amount of water-soluble calcium salts (calcium lactate, calcium acetate) treated, it is clear that if the amount of water-soluble calcium salts treated is less than 5 tons, no spraying will be required. The same tendency can be observed even when the treatment amount is 40 or more.

In addition, regarding the degree of coloration, sugar content, acidity, and spoilage rate,
Similar to the case of anti-floating skin effect, a similar tendency is observed.

Next, Table 4 shows the comparative results when apples were sprayed with some of the formulations listed in Table 1.

The nine preparations listed in Table 4 were used in combination with conventional drugs, and one variety was cultivated three times after 5 days, 15 days, and 25 days after solubilization.
Scattered about.

As is clear from Table 4, 1 formulation N113-IQ is not only untreated, but also N113-IQ, which does not use water-soluble calcium salts.
u 15 , m17 using only water-soluble calcium salts
, 19, a clear difference in effectiveness was observed.

Table 5 shows the comparative results of K (Yukunaga) K treated in the same manner three times after falling flowers.

As is clear from Table 5, a similar effect can be observed for the rack.

Ao Ao Ao Ao Ao Ao Ao Ao Ao Ao Ao Ao Ao Ao Table 5 (Note) Pericarp color is determined using a color chart.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The figure is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of water-soluble calcium salts treated and the anti-floating skin effect (indicated by the number of floating skin pores) according to the present invention.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. Water-soluble calcium salts with a treatment amount of 5 to 40% of calcium carbonate having an average particle diameter of 0.6 μ to 2.8 μ, and a water-soluble calcium salt with a treatment amount of 1 to 1011 A method characterized in that the quality of fruits is improved by spraying a preparation treated with a spreadable organic polymer onto fruits under cultivation. 2. The method according to claim IK, characterized in that the water-soluble calcium salts are preferably calcium acetate, calcium lactate, and calcium salts having water-soluble properties equivalent to these.