JPS58129333A - Spectrometer - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a measuring device, and more particularly to a spectrometer.

The invention can of course be used for aerial mapping in the original wavelength range, as well as for remote exploration of the Earth's surface from cosmic rays.

Earth exploration methods are based on measuring bright areas on the Earth's surface. Since the bright areas are a function of the wavelength and coordinates of the light, these bright areas carry information about the spectral characteristics, three-dimensional structure, and K of the target earth's surface.

In order to solve the complexity of various problems related to various fields of earth science, optical measurement accuracy, three-dimensional solution f-quadrature Δe,
There is a need for an information and measurement device featuring on-line control (adaptability) of a plotting parameter with a spectral resolution Δλ. The requirements for adaptability of the equipment parameters are based on the need for an optimal combination K of basic plotting parameters for a particular exploration.

It enables the formation of the target ground surface with a high degree of three-dimensional irrigation, and it is possible to collect large amounts of data.

Remote photography method! llll! Devices for performing this measurement are known. These devices suffer from a narrow operating wavelength range, low operating speed, lack of flexibility in plotting parameters, and low spectral information content.

A further developed device for remote sensing is a multi-domain drawing device based on the simultaneous creation of multiple images of the earth's surface of interest at several spectral intervals Δλ.

In addition to the three-dimensional characteristics of the target ground surface, we take into consideration the spectral characteristics of the ground surface (multi-domain drawing) and develop various methods for identifying objects based on the differences in the spectra of the ground surface. It will be possible to arrange the East case.

The disadvantages of such devices are the limited use of spectral information and the lack of adaptability of plotting parameters. Furthermore, the equipment for obtaining multiple spectral regions has a very complex configuration, is expensive to handle and is expensive when the number of spectral regions is greater than 4.
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Hoy, Liu Chia on page 78.44, 4507
(long-L@u 1hin)'s paper “Airborne remote sensing spectroradiometer (Muc!plotrort-di
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*nsing) J Reference II).

Conventional spectrometers for remote sensing of the Earth's surface are used to study the three-dimensional spectral properties of the Earth's surface. These spectroscopic needles are characterized by their high spectral information content, the ability to obtain data in real time, and the ability to perform three-dimensional measurements of the surface being probed. However, those devices lack flexibility in plotting parameters.

A spectrometer is known that scans in a direction perpendicular to the direction of flight, so that the light to be measured is sent to a mirror that is moved more.
The field diagram is then directed to an optical device consisting of a polychromator. A polychromator consists of a collimator lens, a prism, a condenser lens, an optical fiber splitter, and a light receiver. The light separated into spectral components by the prism is focused by a lens on the face of the fiber splitter.

The fiber optic splitter is split by a polychromator to three-dimensionally distribute the nine spectral components among the individual receivers. The support jt, is is configured to receive only the signal of one spectral component sent by the 'jt, 7-eyeper divider. The O signal from the optical receiver is sent to the recording device (see US Pat. No. 88!9118 fl).
.

By changing the dimensions of the field diameter 7thum and changing the dimensions of the components of the three-dimensional resolving power of the target earth's surface, adaptability is added to Jin's conventional spectroscopic needle and is included in 9II8.

The major drawback of this spectroscopic needle is the basic plotting parameters,
namely, the lack of on-line control of measurement accuracy, three-dimensional and spectral resolution during spectrometer operation and data pre-processing, and the inability to map three-dimensional features of the earth's surface of interest.

The aim of the invention is to obtain a spectrometer with higher spectral and three-dimensional resolution.

Another object of the present invention is to provide on-twin control of the measurement accuracy of spectral and three-dimensional characteristics of the earth's surface in a spectrometer.

Another objective of the invention is to reduce energy consumption.

Still another object of the present invention is to reduce the size of the spectrometer and analyzer.
The goal is to reduce weight.

Their purpose is to form an optical system and a field ψ diaphragm for directing the light beam from the map of the earth's surface to be explored onto a two-dimensional receiver, which is coupled to a device for recording and processing information. A round spectrometer for remote sensing of the earth's surface from an aircraft or spacecraft with a field diaphragm having roundings that are made dispersive to disperse the light passing through the field diaphragm into a spectrum in a direction perpendicular to the length of the diaphragm, and dimensions that mechanically match the dimensions of the field diaphragm; and is achieved by a spectrometer in which a round dispersion device is provided to form a spectral band on the photosensitive surface of a two-dimensional photoreceiver that converts incident light into an electrical signal.

A fiber component should preferably be provided behind the dispersion device. This part l1IIIJK is formed by the spectrum,
The end face is made to match the dimensions of the spectrum to the dimensions of the photosensitive surface of the two-dimensional receiver.

A device for recording and processing data in the form of electrical signals conveying information about spectral and three-dimensional properties is provided via an analog-to-digital (MU-D) converter to the output terminal of the two-dimensional receiver. a fast access memory coupled to it, a spectral information block forming unit coupled to the output terminal of this memory, a three-dimensional information block forming unit coupled to the output terminal of the memory 417; A program control unit that is coupled to control the FF information block formation process is preferably provided.

By doing so, measurement accuracy, three-dimensional resolution, and spectral resolution can be controlled online.

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to one drawing.

Referring to FIG. 1, the spectrometer comprises an input lens 1, a field diaphragm 2, a disperser in the form of a transparent holographic grating 8, and a two-dimensional solid-state image receiver 4. These components are arranged in series. Receiving ft, vessel 4
The nine yuan east is converted into an electrical signal by the data generator 6 and is applied to a device 6 for recording and processing data.

The field fist diaphragm is configured to three-dimensionally disperse the image 11!6 of the target ground surface 7.

The ground surface particles of interest are collected by the input lens l and sent to the field diaphragm 2. This field diaphragm 2 is the target ground surface figure 6
80 lines of streak lips are formed. The line is optically aligned with the two-dimensional solid state receiver 40 line along the spatial axis I.

The light traveling past the field diaphragm is sent to a transparent starch diffraction grating 8. This diffraction grating 3 has a dispersion axis extending perpendicularly to the length direction of the diaphragm! The source is three-dimensionally dispersed into spectral components along , and these spectral components are focused on the surface of the two-dimensional solid-state photodetector 40.

The light receiver 4 is constituted by a metal-silicon oxide-semiconductor type semiconductor device. When the light beam carrying three-dimensional information and spectral information is incident on the semiconductor photodetector 4, electron-hole pairs are generated within the photodetector [14]. The nine carriers in the depletion region are separated, and the holes are accumulated in the potential well (the value of the accumulated charge is proportional to the intensity of the light), long enough to detect the image ( After a few i seconds), the matrix of receivers 4 corresponds to the original distribution. Given the clock pulse, 1! The load package moves along with the output reader. This output reader converts these charge packages into tatami-width electrical pulses with an envelope that provides a video signal to the photosensitive surface of the photoreceiver 4. The dimensions of one of the sensing surfaces of the receiver 4 are optically matched to the width of the field diaphragm 2.

In order to match their dimensions, an optical fiber component 10 (FIG. 2) is provided behind the diffraction grating 8. A spectral groove is formed on the end face 11 of this diffraction grating 8.

By providing a matched optical fiber component 1otl, in which the input 1 face 11 is provided at the exit of the disperser and the output facet 2 is coupled to the two-dimensional receiver 4, a reduced 9 spectral trench can be made into the receiver. It can be sent to the 4th side.

In this way, the geometrical factor can be increased without changing the dimensions of the receiver 4, or, conversely, with a preset II diameter of the entrance aperture O of the lens 1, the receiver 4
The dimensions of can be reduced.

In both cases, measurement accuracy (with preset spectral resolution and 3D resolution) or spectral resolution and 3D resolution (with preset accuracy)
becomes approximately X times. ξ where 1X is the matched optical fiber component 10
This is the reduction rate of

By using the original fiber component 10 with a reduction ratio of
It is possible to increase the geometric coefficient of the optical system of the spectrometer without changing the dimensions of the photoreceiver 4, and it is possible to increase the spectral resolution and three-dimensional resolution, thereby increasing the measurement accuracy. It becomes possible.

The device of the present invention allows for significantly improved performance compared to similarly functional devices using mechanical spectral or spatial scanning devices and vacuum tube receivers.

The device of the invention consumes less energy, eliminates moving parts, and has a luminous intensity of 10 z/h that can cause a malfunction, instead of a vacuum tube receiver that has a luminous intensity of 8 to t/h that can cause a malfunction. By using a semiconductor photoreceiver, the reliability is increased and the storage time is increased by n times (n is the number of detection elements), thus replacing the mechanical set with a multiplex photoreceiver, so that the signal-to-noise ratio is increased by a factor of 5. This increases the signal-to-noise ratio, reduces the size of the receiver, and
This eliminates the need to use optical components, which reduces power consumption, reduces the power supply, and makes the entire device smaller and lighter.

Therefore, the application effect will be improved and the performance of the spectrometer will be high. It is particularly important for rounding measurements of the spectral characteristics of the Earth's surface from space, which place even stricter demands on the performance of the measuring instruments. Since the output electric signal of the light receiving device Wh4 contains information about the spectral characteristics and three-dimensional characteristics of the target figure 6, an apparatus 5 having the following configuration is used to record and process the data.

In accordance with the invention, the device 6 (FIG. 8) comprises a high-speed Akuryusu mesori 13 and a spectral information block forming unit 15.
and a three-dimensional information block forming unit 16. The memory 13 is coupled to the output terminal of the photoreceiver 4 via a MuD transformer 14 and a unit 15 . Hl is coupled to the input terminal of memory 13. 1 unit for each unit! S, 16 has a high-speed access processor and a microprocessor 21. This microprocessor 21 is an analog-digital
It samples and averages data and distributes those data to memory cells.

FIG. 4 shows an example of the basic elements of the unit 1B, II, which cell is integrated and has nine memory elements n, a fully functional fast access memory, and a controller U. . An electric signal is given to the input terminal of the main member n, and the addresses of the 10 commands sent are written;
At the ninth stage of reading and sampling, a command is given from the controller to round off the lines of the receiver 4 from the entire modulus field of the receiver 4 to the high-speed access memory 4 which operates during runtime. An electrical signal is given.

The device 5 (FIG. 8) has a recording device from which data is sent to the ground.

With the preset measurement accuracy, the three-dimensional resolution and spectral resolution of the received light [I4] are inversely proportional to each other; the lower the three-dimensional resolution, the higher the spectral resolution, and the lower the three-dimensional resolution, the higher the three-dimensional resolution.

Therefore, a three-dimensional information block is formed by adding together signals from nil adjacent elements extending in the Y direction of the photoreceiver 4, thereby reducing the spectral resolution. In front of receiver 4! Direction K11li! A block of spectral information is formed by adding together the signals from each element within X scans. The parameter n depends on the requirements for the measurement 11fK. The measurement accuracy is proportional to the square root of the number of elements within the limits to which the signals are added.

In addition, this spectroscopic needle will make it possible to investigate three-dimensional and spectral characteristics.

It is possible to optimally combine smooth precision with three-dimensional resolution and spectral resolution.

Next, the operation of this spectroscopic needle will be explained.

The source from the ground surface that is measured by glI is collected by the mechanical lens IK and sent to the field diaphragm 2. This field diaphragm 2 forms the image line.

The light passing through the field diaphragm 2 and the dispersion ast is sent to the optical fiber component 10. The spectrally dispersed image of the field diaphragm 2 is focused in the pronation of the two-dimensional trench receiver 4.

Lines of the image of the ground surface 7 of interest are formed along the X-axis of the receiver 4, and the lines formed are spectrally dispersed along the Y-axis.

Therefore, each line in the X-axis direction represents the field of monochromatic light.
This is an image of the diaphragm depth, and represents an image of one rock at a predetermined wavelength.

The signal from photoreceiver 4 is amplified and converted to a digital code before being applied to high speed random-access memory 13.

Online control of data recording is carried out by units 15, 16 by retrieving data from memory 13 according to a certain program. The spectral information block is formed in unit 15 with low three-dimensional resolution. This is each line tKg! of the two-dimensional light receiving a14 in the X direction! A
The signals from the individual elements are summed within each group, and the signals from each group are summed in two scans. By combining the signals over several scans, it is possible to obtain the same three-dimensional resolution along the line and along the direction of flight of the spacecraft.

A block of information about the three-dimensional structure of the earth's surface of interest is formed by combining signals from n adjacent elements along the Y axis within each scan. Ru.

The spectroscopic needle of the present invention allows on-line control of the fundamental parameters of spectral resolution, three-dimensional resolution, and measurement accuracy so that these combinations can be optimized. By optimizing the combination of these parameters in this way, it is possible to adapt these parameters to the conditions of each specific exploration, thereby greatly expanding the field of application of this spectroscopic needle. ′! Also,
By optimizing the parameters, it is possible to significantly eliminate too much information from the photoreceiver, thereby reducing the load on the recorder. This is extremely important for equipment mounted on aircraft or spacecraft.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 shows the optical system of the spectroscopic needle of the present invention, FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the optical system of the spectroscopic needle of the present invention, and FIG. 8 shows the apparatus of the present invention for recording and processing data. FIG. 4 shows a unit of the invention forming an information block. 1-fi science, 2-...field diaphragm, 4
-Two-dimensional light receiver, to-...Hikari 7 Eyepa parts, 11.
...End face of part 10, 13...High-speed access fist memo I
J, 14--Analog-digital converter, 15--Spectral information plotter forming unit, 16--Three-dimensional information block forming unit, 17--Program control unit. Applicant's representative 1IWk Continued from page 1 of Qing 0 Inventor Sergey Nikolaevich Sosin Soviet Union Moscow Uritsa Stroychelei 0 Inventor Andrei Gennadyevich Suichev Soviet Union Moscow Sumskoy・Proezd 27 Kabe 17 0 Inventor Yuri Konstantinovich Terentyev Soviet Union Moscow Kutuzovsky Prospekt 4/2 Kabe 78

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) Uke is a device for recording and processing nine information (6
) Optical system (1) for directing the light flux from the map of the earth's surface to be explored (6) to the two-dimensional receiver (4) coupled to the
A spectroscopic needle for remote exploration of the earth's surface from an aircraft or spacecraft, comprising a field diaphragm (2) and a field diaphragm (2) provided behind the input source system (1). is made by three-dimensionally dispersing the interposition shown in Figure (6) of the ground surface to be explored, and in order to disperse the particles passing through the field diaphragm into a spectrum in the direction perpendicular to the length direction of the diaphragm. , and field diaphragm (dimensions KJ
#: characterized by being provided with a dispersion device having scientifically consistent dimensions and forming a spectral trench on the photosensitive surface of the two-dimensional photoreceiver (4) that converts the incident source into an electrical signal. Spectrometer. (The spectroscopic needle according to claim 1,
After the dispersion device, an optical 7-eyeper part (10) is provided, and a spectrum field is formed on the end face of this original fiber part (10), and the original fiber part receives the dimensions of the image in two dimensions! (4) A spectrometer characterized in that it is used to match the dimensions of the photosensitive surface. (8) A spectroscopic needle according to claim 1, paragraph 2, which records and processes data in the form of electrical signals conveying information about spectral characteristics and three-dimensional characteristics. The device (6) is an analog digital conversion w
a fast access memory (13) coupled via h (14) to the output of the two-dimensional receiver (4), a rounding unit (IB) forming a block of spectral information, and three-dimensional information. of rounded enits (1
6), and a gramogram control unit (l)) which is coupled to these ets (15, 111) and controls the formation process of the information block, and
is coupled to an output terminal of a fast access memory (13).