JPS58124534A - Endothermic reaction apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make it possible to miniaturize an apparatus itself, by constracting the lower part of a reaction apparatus of a tube plate structure to permit to contain a dense arranement of fine reaction tubes in a narrow space. CONSTITUTION:Plural reaction tubes 21 are parallelly and vertically arranged at a small pitch in a reaction vessel 2 and each reaction tube 21 comprises conventrically arranged double tubular bodies having different diameters. To the outside of each reaction tube 21, a combustion gas passage 12 is formed in a state divided into an upper and a lower parts and, in the lower side partitioned part 13, a heat conductive packing 14 for attaining to enhance heat conduction is supported by a supprot member 15. In each reaction tube 21, the lower part 27 of the outer surface of the outer pipe 22 of the reaction tube 21 and the orifice part 25 formed to the first tube plate 24 are fixedly joined while the lower part 27 of the outer surface of the inner pipe 26 of the reaction tube 21 and the orifice part 29 formed to the second tube plate 28 are fixedly connected to protrude the inner tube 26 from the outer tube 22 in a downward direction.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to an improvement in an endothermic reactor for obtaining a reaction product gas from a feed gas by an endothermic reaction.

An endothermic reactor lamp that converts a feed gas containing hydrocarbons into a gas of high industrial utility value such as hydrogen gas by using a mechanism that promotes an endothermic reaction, and is well known in the art. For example, the most common technique for producing hydrogen gas from feedstock gas is to place a cylindrical or annular reactor i1 filled with a catalyst in a combustion furnace, and to create a gas containing hydrocarbons in the reaction chamber. Rather than passing through K, it is steam re-forming.

This type of prior art includes Japanese Patent Application Laid-open Nos. 53-78983, 53-78992, 53-79766, and 5
The Steam Re 7 ohming device described in various publications such as No. 3-79768 is known.

These devices are installed in one of each reaction tube placed in the heating furnace.
1K, a dense reaction chamber is provided, and an annular regeneration chamber is provided inside this reaction chamber to transfer the sensible heat to the reaction chamber, and a combustion chamber is provided as an empty space in the same section of each reaction chamber. A combustion gas discharge passage is provided in the lower half of the chamber, and this outlet passage leads out the combustion gas in a flow opposite to the flow of the raw material gas inside the reaction chamber, in contact with the outside 1111 of the reaction chamber. It is a technology composed of

However, it has been found that such prior art has problems that need to be solved. That is, in the conventional reactor, it is impossible to arrange a large number of comparatively thin reaction tubes in a narrow space due to the lower structure of the nuclear device, so there are restrictions on the size and arrangement pitch of the reaction tubes. For this reason, there is a limit in providing a compact catalytic reaction device.

Further, in the above-mentioned reaction apparatus, the conduction portion between each reaction tube and the manifold for introducing the raw material gas, and the conduction portion between each reaction tube and the manifold for deriving the reaction product gas are formed by thin tubes, and The distance between the pipe and the manifold is Kj1m so that gas can be conducted. has been done. The number of welds varies greatly depending on the number of reaction tubes, but for example, if there are 37 reaction tubes or 4. In the case of a reformer for BMW, it is structurally impossible to perform the above-mentioned welding outside the container where the reaction volume MIK reaction tube is installed. The reality is that the reaction tube is built into the reaction vessel and suspended, and welding work is carried out inside the vessel, which has been made narrower by this mechanism.

This makes it difficult to fix the reaction tube, and also causes problems such as insufficient welding and insufficient inspection, resulting in a lack of safety and reliability.

Furthermore, in the case of conventional equipment, the lower structure is complicated, so when filling the catalyst, the KFi and the upper part must be welded and sealed after the catalyst is filled, and if the catalyst deteriorates during operation, The catalyst must be replaced, but at this time K
Fi, the welded part of the upper pot body must be cut and removed, and the catalyst must be sucked out using a vacuum, or the reaction vessel must be turned upside down to take out the @ section, and after this, a new catalyst is filled and cut. Re-IILj of the removed upper body! It must be attached by connecting.

In addition, in the above-mentioned upper mass welding, the welded part is exposed to severe high temperatures compared to the entire heat exchanger tube, so the welding method and inspection method require advanced technology, but with conventional equipment, Kri, this problem has not been resolved and there have been major problems in terms of reliability and complexity of work.

eKAlso, in order to prevent IIIflIl of the reaction gas in each reaction tube, in addition to equalizing the amount of catalyst packed in each reaction tube,
It is necessary to equalize the differential pressure in each reaction tube.
In the case of conventional equipment, the structure was such that even this verification was not possible.

The present invention has been made to solve the problems encountered in the present invention, and the first object of the present invention is to provide a compact endothermic reaction device. The purpose of the present invention is to provide an endothermic reaction device with excellent safety and reliability.
The purpose of this is to fill the catalyst and make sure that 11! It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an endothermic reaction apparatus which can carry out catalyst exchange according to the conditions and which enables inspection work after filling. An object of the present invention is to provide an endothermic reaction device that simplifies the process.

The above object of the present invention is to - have an inlet for the feed gas G1 at one end and an outlet for the reaction product gas G2 at the other end;
and a reaction 1120 filled with a catalyst s50 used for an endothermic reaction, a regeneration chamber 40 that transfers the sensible heat to the reaction chamber 2G while deriving the reaction product gas G2t generated in the reaction chamber 20, and a combustion 1i11. In the endothermic reaction apparatus 1, the reaction apparatus 1 has a plurality of reaction tubes 21 arranged in parallel in the reaction container 2, and each of the reaction tubes 21 is connected to the regeneration chamber 40 and the reaction chamber 20. ), and each of the reaction tubes 21 is supported by two or more tube sheets (for example, a first tube sheet 24 and a second tube sheet 28) arranged apart from each other. This is achieved by the endothermic reactor IK.

Below, the first aspect of the present invention will be explained based on FIGS. 1 to 3 with II.
An example will be described.

Reactor 1Fi illustrated in FIG. 1, hydrocarbon tI
It is used to generate water volume by steam recirculation as an IL material. The interior Kti of the reaction vessel 2 with the heat insulating layer 9 installed inside the tube, the plurality of reaction tubes 21,! As shown in Figure I2, they are arranged in parallel and in small pitches and stand upright. Each of the reaction tubes 21 has a so-called double tube structure, consisting of two tube bodies arranged concentrically and having different diameters.

Since this structure itself is not the gist of the present invention, it is not limited to this double tube. For example, each reaction tube has a four-layer thick section (January 2, 1982
Patent application filed on the 2nd (name of A3% Yamei; endothermic reaction device,
), other known ones are also acceptable.

The inner tubular part of the double tube is the regeneration chamber 4o, and the outer annular part is the reaction chamber 20.

In the space inside the container 2 formed at the upper part of the wrinkled reaction tube 21,
A combustion chamber 11 with a burner 10 is arranged.

The upper end of each reaction tube 21 is disposed toward the space forming the combustion chamber 11.

A combustion gas passage 12 is formed on the outside of each reaction tube 21. The wrinkled combustion gas passage 12 is divided into upper and lower parts, and a lower part 13 IC is used, and a heat transfer backing 14 is used to improve heat transfer efficiency. is supported on the support member 15.

Each reaction tube is 21 tons! , the lower outer surface 23 of the outer tube 22 of the wrinkled reaction tube 21 and the hole 25 formed in the first tube sheet 24 are fixed, and the lower outer surface 21 of the circular tube 2@ of the scissors reaction tube 21 and the second tube sheet 2@ is fixed to the hole 2s, that is, fixed at the two locations,
Fixed so that it can be erected. The outer tube 22' is fixed as described above.

] The inner tube 2@ is formed to protrude downward, and the @1 tube plate 24 is formed to be located above the @2 tube plate 28.

In this embodiment, since the reaction tube 21 has a double tube shape, the first tube plate 24 and @2
Although it is fixed by the tube plate 211, in the case of the reaction tube 21 having the above-mentioned four-layer annular cross section, other known ones may also be used.
It is likewise possible to carry out the invention, i.e. to fix the reaction tube 21. A position control i30 is provided at the lower part of each reaction tube 21 to regulate the positions of the outer tube 22 and the inner tube 2G. The first tube sheet 24 includes all reaction tubes 21,
The outer tubes 22t of all the reaction tubes 21 - the number and arrangement that can be inserted into the outer tubes 22t of all the reaction tubes 21.
It has a large number of holes 25 with a diameter of 1, and the reaction vessel body 2a
They are arranged in a direction perpendicular to each reaction tube 21 and fixed to the side wall of the container so as to form a K-blind 7 flange.

Further, the second tube plate 2I is a plate-shaped gradual body, and the number and arrangement of the inner tubes 2@ can be inserted into the second tube plate 2I! A large number of holes s2 with
1 and raw material gas introduction 031, said III tube sheet 2
4, the first tube plate 24Kfl is removably fixed to form the source gas manifold 1. In addition, in the figure, the bolt for fixing 32FiIII2 pipe 4120 is 33t! The bolts and nuts that fix the first tube plate 24 and the container upper body 2c are shown.

The source gas introduction [131 includes the source gas inlet nozzle 3
A raw material gas conduit 6 is connected to the source gas conduit 6. A reaction product gas manifold 8 is provided in the inner space of the container 2 under the second tube plate 2I, and a regeneration Toyama 0 section 42 into which the reaction product gas It is in communication with the reaction product gas output O nozzle 4.

The reaction m2 is filled with a steam reactor containing 7 Ohming catalysts and is supported by a catalyst support plate 51 installed in a reaction chamber suitable for 20 people.

The support plate 51 has pores in a portion corresponding to the end of the reaction 1120 through which the lj feed gas G can pass, and
It is detachably fixed to the tube plate 24. Reference numeral 52 indicates a bolt for fixing the support plate 51. The upper end of the catalyst packed bed, that is, the outlet DK of the reaction chamber 2o is provided with a catalyst outflow prevention plate 53. A heat-resistant cap is installed at the upper part of the outlet of the reaction chamber 20. 3
4 is sealed by a spherical tube 1135 coated with
A space 36 is formed. Note that 3T#i indicates bolts and nuts for fixing the container upper body 2b and the container body 2a.

In order to obtain ease and reliability of the manufacturing operation of the apparatus 1#i according to the present invention, it is desirable to manufacture the apparatus 1#i with the container 2fr in an upright position, for example. In order to fill the reaction chamber 20 with amso during this manufacturing process, after each reaction tube 21 el& is attached to the #Il tube plate 24, insert the support plate 51 into the inlet of the reaction chamber 2o. Good.

The contact mso can be replaced, for example, as follows. That is, the bolt donut 33, the bolts 32 and 52 are sequentially removed, and the lower part of the container is 2C% second.
The tube plate 2S and the branch plate 51 are each removed one after another, and the catalyst 50 is taken out from the lower part 23. Next, the apparatus 1 was turned upside down so that the 200 Å opening of the reaction chamber was facing upward.
The reaction chamber 20 is filled with filler 9@flies 50 and replaced. Thereafter, after fixing the support 1151 with the bolt 52, the apparatus 1 is returned to its original position, and the second tube 1121 and the lower container body 2C are fixed respectively.

The operation of the embodiment of the present invention is as follows.

The raw material gas Gl containing hydrocarbons and steam introduced into the reactor 1 from the gas-filled nozzle 3 passes through the raw material gas conduit 6 and enters the raw gas manifold 1 through the raw material gas inlet 31. , from the reaction chamber 200A to each reaction chamber 20, by the action of a human or catalytic agent and the following endothermic reaction, a hydrogen-containing generated gas G2 is formed and flows from the outlet of the reaction chamber 20 to the upper part of the reaction tube IB! 11@31Nlc handling ffai,
111th period air barrier 31 t) Reaction product gas G2Fi enters the connection 36, passes through the regeneration 1!40 with 041, is sent from the regeneration Toyama O part 42 to the reaction product gas manifold IIK, and the reaction product gas is output. Out of the device 1 from O nozzle 4)
Since the six-catalyst reaction produced is an endothermic reaction, heat must be supplied to the reaction chamber 20.
The heat sources are heat supplied from the combustion gas g and sensible heat from the regeneration chamber 4G. The combustion gas g is generated in the burner 10, sent to the combustion chamber 11, flows through the combustion gas passage 12 from the top to the bottom of the reaction tube, passes through the heat transfer backing 14, and enters the reaction chamber 20. After the desired heat transfer is performed, the combustion gas is discharged to the outside of the apparatus 1 from the combustion gas outlet nozzle 5. Note that the flow direction of the combustion gas g is
The flow is in the opposite direction to the flow of the reaction gas in the reaction m20, but this is not particularly limited. Let me explain.

This example shows an endothermic reaction device characterized in that a plurality of tube plates are formed in a concave mirror shape. Parts indicated by reference numerals are the same parts as those described in the explanation of FIGS. 1 to 3 above.

The concave shape of the tube sheet in this example is mainly due to the concave shape formed by arranging the upper ends of each reaction tube so that heating is thermodynamically uniform based on the reference sum of the burners. It is to be determined. The ridge thermal reaction device that enables the above-mentioned uniform heating is described in detail in the patent application filed on January zz, 1981, title of the invention: Endothermic reaction device.

The non-inventive functions such as the process of gas generation and the flow of combustion gas in this embodiment are the same as those described in the embodiment I11 above, so a description thereof will be omitted.

The present invention has been explained above based on two representative embodiments, but according to the present invention, the lower structure of the reactor is a tube plate structure, that is, the lower structure of the reactor is made into a tube plate structure. Since each reaction tube is supported by two or more arranged tubes, comparatively thin reaction tubes can be arranged densely in a narrow VH space, and unlike conventional devices, the reaction tubes can be Since it is not limited by the arrangement pitch, it is possible to make the device itself extremely small and compact.Also, since the lower structure of the device is simplified, there are fewer #I contact points compared to the conventional case. In addition, in order to prevent a fall in each reaction tube, measure the differential pressure in each tube, and make it safer by changing the amount of catalyst charged, for example, so that the differential pressure in each tube is one foot. It has become possible to ensure performance and reliability, and it is also easy to fix the reaction tube.The tube plate structure as described above makes it easy to charge the catalyst and replace the catalyst as necessary. In addition to this, various inspection work after filling is also easy.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a partial longitudinal sectional view taken along line 1-I in FIG. 182, showing a first embodiment of the endothermic reaction apparatus according to the present invention. Figure 2 shows the cross section rIjJ@ along the l-1f line in the same figure as above.
It is. FIG. 3 is an enlarged view 11F of the reaction tube portion same as above. FIG. 4 is a partial vertical sectional view schematically showing an apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Reactor, 2-... Reaction container, 21... Container body, 2b... Container upper body, 2C... Container lower part 1
Body, 3...FjL'1iII gas-filled O nozzle, 4...
・Reaction product gas output O nozzle, 5... Combustion gas output O nozzle, 6... Raw material gas communication pipe, ? -ffilfi) gas manifold, @-...reaction product gas manifold, S
- Heat insulation layer, 1G... Burner, 11... Combustion chamber, 12... Combustion gas passage, 1 m -... Lower section m section, 14... Heat transfer backing, 15-... support member,
20--Reaction chamber, 21--Reaction tube, 22--Outer tube, 2k--Outer surface lower part, 24--First tube sheet, 25--
・Hole, 2 @--Inner pipe, 2 T--Inner lower part, 2
B...II2 tube plate, 2L--hole, 30--position regulation plate, '41-j [N force X inlet, 34...cap, 35...1 amount, 36... Space, 40-...Reproduction room, 41...Regeneration person 0142...Regeneration idea O%SO
... Catalyst, 51 ... Support plate, 53 ... Outflow prevention plate, G1 ... Raw material gas % G2 ... Reaction product gas, g.
... Combustion gas. Patent Applicant Mitsui Toatsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Representative Patent Attorney Nobuaki Saka (and 1 other person) Figure 1, 2 Figure 3 s4 Figure 32 GI G2

Claims (1)

[Claims] A reaction chamber with an inlet for raw gas and an outlet for reaction product gas at one end, and filled with a catalyst used in an endothermic reaction, and a reaction product gas generated in the reaction chamber. An endothermic reaction device comprising a combustion chamber and a regeneration chamber that transfers the sensible heat to the reaction chamber while being extracted, the reaction device having a plurality of reaction tubes arranged in parallel in the reaction vessel, Each of the plated reaction tubes has the regeneration chamber and the reaction chamber, and each of the reaction tubes has the following characteristics:
An endothermic reaction device characterized in that it is supported by two or more tubes 1 [K] arranged apart from each other.