JPS58121044A - Electrophotographic receptor - Google Patents
Electrophotographic receptorInfo
- Publication number
- JPS58121044A JPS58121044A JP282582A JP282582A JPS58121044A JP S58121044 A JPS58121044 A JP S58121044A JP 282582 A JP282582 A JP 282582A JP 282582 A JP282582 A JP 282582A JP S58121044 A JPS58121044 A JP S58121044A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- protective layer
- layer
- fine powder
- oxide
- electrophotographic receptor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/147—Cover layers
- G03G5/14704—Cover layers comprising inorganic material
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は電子写真用感光体、特に保護層を有する電子写
真感光体に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor, and particularly to an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a protective layer.
電子写真感光体は、ＳｅあるいはＳｅ合金の蒸着膜、Ｚ
ｓＯＴｏるいｔ工ＣｄＳ等の無機粒子やアゾ顔料、シア
ニン顔料等のＭ機顔料を結着樹脂中に分散した塗布膜等
の感光層を支持体上に設けてなるものであり、帯電及び
露光により靜ｔ＋Ｓ像を形成し、現像後トナー儂を転写
紙に転写し、次いで定着して複写書を得る電子写真方法
に用いられるものである。The electrophotographic photoreceptor is made of a vapor-deposited film of Se or Se alloy, Z
A photosensitive layer such as a coating film in which inorganic particles such as CdS and M-organic pigments such as azo pigments and cyanine pigments are dispersed in a binder resin is provided on a support. This method is used in an electrophotographic method in which a silent T+S image is formed, the toner image is transferred to transfer paper after development, and then fixed to obtain a copy.
感光層が表面に露出した感光体は取扱い中に表面ＫＩ％
を生じたり、あるいはトナーの目づまりを生じたりして
、感光体の寿命をそこなうものであった。そこで従来こ
の欠点を解消するため、感光体表面に感光層とは異なる
表面層を設ける試みがなされている。表面層としては、
１つには絶縁層が用いられ、他のものとして保護層が用
いられている。前者の絶縁層は電気絶縁性の樹脂等の膜
を感光体表面に設けたものであり、−次帯電→二次帯電
→像纒光あるいは一久帯電→逆極性二次帯電→一様露光
の工程により静電＃像が形・成される。この絶縁層を有
する感光体は絶縁層を厚くでき、又機械的強度を高くで
きるという利点を有するものの、＃像形成工程が特殊な
ものとなり、又ｍｅの除電が困難であるという欠点を有
する。後者の保護層は絶縁１ｍＫ比べ抵抗が低い層であ
り、帯電→濠蕗光のいわゆるカールソン法により静電潜
像を形成する。この保護層を有する感光体はカールソン
法により＃像が形成できるものの、残留電位が高くなり
、また絶縁層に比べ膜が薄く機械的強度が劣るものであ
った。The surface KI% of a photoreceptor with an exposed photosensitive layer decreases during handling.
The photoreceptor's lifespan may be shortened by causing toner clogging or toner clogging. In order to overcome this drawback, conventional attempts have been made to provide a surface layer different from the photosensitive layer on the surface of the photoreceptor. As the surface layer,
On the one hand, an insulating layer is used, and on the other, a protective layer is used. The former insulating layer is a film made of electrically insulating resin or the like provided on the surface of the photoreceptor, and consists of the steps of negative charging → secondary charging → image flashing or permanent charging → reverse polarity secondary charging → uniform exposure. An electrostatic image is formed. A photoreceptor having this insulating layer has the advantage that the insulating layer can be made thicker and the mechanical strength can be increased, but it has the disadvantage that the image forming process is a special one and that it is difficult to eliminate the charge of me. The latter protective layer has a lower resistance than an insulating layer of 1 mK, and forms an electrostatic latent image by the so-called Carlson method of charging → moat light. Although a #image can be formed on a photoreceptor having this protective layer by the Carlson method, the residual potential is high, and the film is thinner than an insulating layer and has inferior mechanical strength.
更に従来試みられている保護層はその電気抵抗が湿度の
影響を受けや丁いものであり、そのために帯電電位に変
化をきた丁ものであった。Furthermore, the electrical resistance of the protective layers that have been tried in the past has been affected by humidity, and as a result, the charging potential has changed.
本発明はこの後者の保護層を有する感光体の改良に関す
るものであり、これら従来の欠点を解消した感光体を提
供することを目的とする。The present invention relates to the improvement of a photoreceptor having this latter protective layer, and an object of the present invention is to provide a photoreceptor that eliminates these conventional drawbacks.
本発明の目的は表面に保護層を有する電子写真感光体に
おいて、保護層が結着樹脂中に導電性金属酸化物微粉末
を分散した層であり、かつ４電性金属酸化物微粉末の粒
径分布が粒径５μｍ以上のもの５重ｔ％以下で粒径０．
０３μｍ以下のもの２０重量％以下であることを特徴と
する電子写真感光体により達成することができろ。An object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a protective layer on its surface, wherein the protective layer is a layer in which conductive metal oxide fine powder is dispersed in a binder resin, and the protective layer is a layer made of conductive metal oxide fine powder dispersed in a binder resin. If the size distribution is 5% by weight or less for particles with a particle size of 5 μm or more, the particle size is 0.
This can be achieved by using an electrophotographic photoreceptor characterized in that it contains 20% by weight or less of particles with a diameter of 0.3 μm or less.
本発明に係る保護層は４電性金＠嘴化物微扮末を結着樹
脂中に分散したものであり、４ａ性金属酸化物微粉末と
しては、酸化亜鉛、酸化チタン、酸化スズ、酸化アンチ
モン、酸化インジウム、酸化ビスマス、スズをドーグし
た酸化インジウム、アンチモンをドーグした酸化スズ、
酸化ジルコニウム等の微粉末を用いることができるが、
特に酸化スズと酸化アンチモンとを同一粒子中に含有す
る微粉末が最良の結果をも・たら丁。即ち、保護層は機
械的強度のみならず高度な電気抵抗性あるいは透明性が
要求されるものであり、この酸化スズと酸化アンチモン
とを同一粒子中に含Ｍする微粉末（以上、酸化スズ／酸
化アンチモン微粉末と略記する。）は電気抵抗の制御が
行ないや丁く、又透明なものが得や丁いという特長を有
する。尚、ここで同一粒子中に含有する微粉末とは、具
体的には固溶体あるいは融着体を意味する。これら導電
性金属酸化物微粉末は１種もしくは２種以上混合して用
いられる。The protective layer according to the present invention is made by dispersing a fine powder of tetraelectric gold @ beak compound in a binder resin, and the fine powder of 4a metal oxide includes zinc oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, and antimony oxide. , indium oxide, bismuth oxide, indium oxide doped with tin, tin oxide doped with antimony,
Although fine powder such as zirconium oxide can be used,
In particular, fine powder containing tin oxide and antimony oxide in the same particle gives the best results. That is, the protective layer is required to have not only mechanical strength but also high electrical resistance or transparency. Antimony oxide fine powder (abbreviated as antimony oxide fine powder) has the advantage of being easy to control electrical resistance and being transparent. Here, the fine powder contained in the same particle specifically means a solid solution or a fused body. These conductive metal oxide fine powders may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
金属酸化物微粉末はその平均粒径が０．０５から０．３
μｍの範囲にあるものがよい。導電性金属酸化物微粉末
を保護層中に分散して用いる際にはこの微粉末の粒度分
布が粒径５μｍ以上のもの５重置チ以下、０．０３μｍ
以下のもの２０′重量−以下になるようにして用いる。The metal oxide fine powder has an average particle size of 0.05 to 0.3.
Preferably it is in the μm range. When using conductive metal oxide fine powder dispersed in the protective layer, the particle size distribution of this fine powder is 5 μm or more, 5 layers or less, 0.03 μm.
The following items are used in an amount of 20' weight or less.
粒径５μｍ以上のものを５１Ｊｌｌｑｋ以上含むと微粉
末の分散性が悪くなり、保虐層表面に微細な凹凸を生じ
り１７ ＋ ユング性が低下し、又保護層の透明度が低
下する。If 51 Jllqk or more of particles with a particle size of 5 μm or more are contained, the dispersibility of the fine powder will be poor, fine irregularities will be formed on the surface of the protective layer, the 17 + Jung properties will be reduced, and the transparency of the protective layer will be reduced.
粒径０．０３μｍ以下のものを２０重量饅以上含むと感
光体の残留電位が上昇する。If more than 20 parts by weight of grains with a particle size of 0.03 μm or less are included, the residual potential of the photoreceptor increases.
保護層に用いる結着樹脂としては、ポリエステル樹Ｈ旨
、ポリカーボネート樹８旨、ボリスチレ７ｍ１１１、ポ
リ塩化ビニル、セルロース、フッ素樹脂、ポリエチレン
、ポリプロピレン、ポリウレタン樹脂、アクリル樹脂、
エポキシ樹脂、シリコーン樹脂、アルキッド樹脂、塩ピ
ー酢ビ共重合体＃指等の市販の樹脂を用いることができ
る。Binder resins used for the protective layer include polyester tree H, polycarbonate tree 8, Boristyre 7m111, polyvinyl chloride, cellulose, fluororesin, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane resin, acrylic resin,
Commercially available resins such as epoxy resin, silicone resin, alkyd resin, salt pea vinyl acetate copolymer #finger, etc. can be used.
保護層中に分散性、接着性あるいは平滑性を向上させる
為、種々の添加剤を加えても良い。Various additives may be added to the protective layer to improve dispersibility, adhesion or smoothness.
保護層は、結着樹脂中に金属酸化物微粉末を分散した溶
液を塗布するか、あるいはフィルム状にした後接着する
かして感光１−上に形成する。The protective layer is formed on the photosensitive layer 1- by applying a solution of metal oxide fine powder dispersed in a binder resin, or by forming it into a film and then adhering it.
本発明に用いることのできる感光層としては、Ｓｅある
いはＳｅとＴｅ％Ａｓ等との合金：ＺｎＯ。The photosensitive layer that can be used in the present invention is Se or an alloy of Se and Te%As, etc.: ZnO.
ＣｄＳ 、 ＣｄＳ Ｓｅ等の無機光導電体を結着樹脂
中に分散したもの；ポリビニルカルバゾール／２゜４．
７− ）リニトロー９−フルオレノン等の有機感光材料
の層である。An inorganic photoconductor such as CdS or CdS Se dispersed in a binder resin; polyvinylcarbazole/2°4.
7-) It is a layer of an organic photosensitive material such as linitro-9-fluorenone.
この感光層は単層でも電荷発生層と電荷輸送層との積層
あるいは吸収波長域の異なる感光層の積層等の２層以上
の積層であっても良い。This photosensitive layer may be a single layer or a laminate of two or more layers, such as a laminate of a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer, or a laminate of photosensitive layers having different absorption wavelength regions.
保護層と感光層の間には中間＋４ ｔ−設けても良い。An intermediate +4t- layer may be provided between the protective layer and the photosensitive layer.
この中１場層としては、保護層と感光層との密着性を高
める接着層や帯電電荷を保護層と感光層との界面に止め
る為のバリヤ一層がある。Among these, the first field layer includes an adhesive layer that increases the adhesion between the protective layer and the photosensitive layer, and a barrier layer that stops the electrical charges at the interface between the protective layer and the photosensitive layer.
感光層の支持体としては、アルミ二一一ム、二、ケル、
ステンレス等の金属、導電ａｔ−有するグラスチックノ
ートあるいはガラス、導電化処理した紙等を用いること
ができる。As a support for the photosensitive layer, aluminum 211, 2, Kel,
Metals such as stainless steel, glass notebooks or glass having conductivity, paper treated with conductivity, etc. can be used.
本発明に係る保護層は上述の如く、導電性金属酸化物の
微細粒子、特に粗大粒子と超微細粒子を特定緻以下含む
微細粒子を分散して用いる点に％微づけられる。この様
な特徴を有する保１層を用いた感光体は種々の利点を有
する。丁なわち、＾い機械的強度をもち、あらゆる湿度
範囲で適切な電気抵抗値を有し、透明性および表面の平
滑性に丁ぐれた保護層が得られ、結果として、高解像度
、高クリーニング性、長寿命かつ低残留電位で感度の低
Ｆがおさえられた感光体を得ることができる。以下、比
較例と実施列により本発明を具体的に説明する。As mentioned above, the protective layer according to the present invention is characterized by the use of dispersed fine particles of the conductive metal oxide, particularly fine particles containing coarse particles and ultrafine particles below a certain fineness. A photoreceptor using a protective layer having such characteristics has various advantages. In other words, a protective layer with high mechanical strength, appropriate electrical resistance in all humidity ranges, excellent transparency and surface smoothness is obtained, resulting in high resolution and high cleaning properties. It is possible to obtain a photoreceptor that has low sensitivity, long life, low residual potential, and suppressed low F sensitivity. The present invention will be specifically explained below using comparative examples and examples.
比較例 ｌ
アルミパイプ上ＫＡ−ｚｓｅｘ を約６０μの膜厚で真
空蒸着し、さらにその上にジイングロボキシチタンビス
（アセチルアセトネート）２重量部、γ−アクリロキシ
グロビルトリメトキ７７ラン１重量部および龍−ブタノ
ール加重置部からなる溶液を塗布し、１００’Ｃ！にて
２時間乾燥して０．６μｍ厚の中間層を設け、さら（そ
の上にポリアクリルウレタン６５重量部と粒径５μ以上
のもの約１０ Ｊｔｔ ％含む酸化スズ／＃ｌ化アンチ
モン微粉末３５重量部をセロソルブアセテートとＩｌｌ
ブチルとともにボールミルに入れて分散させ、これに硬
化剤を適緻〃口えたものを塗布し、乾燥させた。このよ
うにして約ｌＯμｍ＃の保護層を設けた感光体は、表面
に光沢がなく、微細な凹凸を持っているが、電気特性は
初期電位９６０ｖ、残留電位４０ Ｖで安定していた。Comparative Example l KA-zsex was vacuum-deposited on an aluminum pipe to a thickness of about 60 μm, and on top of that, 2 parts by weight of di-ingloboxytitanium bis(acetylacetonate) and 1 weight of γ-acryloxyglobyl trimethoxy77ran. 100'C! 2 hours to form an intermediate layer with a thickness of 0.6 μm, and on top of that, 65 parts by weight of polyacrylic urethane and 35% tin oxide/antimony chloride fine powder containing about 10 Jtt % of particles with a particle size of 5 μm or more. Weight parts are cellosolve acetate and Ill.
It was put into a ball mill with butyl and dispersed, and a suitable amount of hardening agent was applied thereto and dried. The photoreceptor having a protective layer of about 10 μm # in this manner had a dull surface and fine irregularities, but its electrical properties were stable with an initial potential of 960 V and a residual potential of 40 V.
しかしコピーテストによると解像力は４．５４／−程度
であった。However, according to a copy test, the resolution was about 4.54/-.
又、ブレード・クリーニング装置を持つ複写機では、保
護層表面付近の粗大粒子によりブレード端部が傷つけら
れ、また、表向の凹凸のためクリーニングがうまくでき
なかった。In addition, in a copying machine equipped with a blade cleaning device, the blade end was damaged by coarse particles near the surface of the protective layer, and the cleaning could not be done properly due to surface irregularities.
比較例 ２
粒径が０５０３μｍ以下のもの１３０重量％含む酸化ス
ズ／＃化アンチモン微粉末を用いて比較例１と同様に感
光体上Ｋ １０４ｉの膜厚の保護層を設けたところ、表
面性及びクリーニング性を工良好であり、解像力は７４
１／■であったが、残留電位が５５０■と高く、又この
残留電位はコピ一枚数とともに上昇して不安定であった
。Comparative Example 2 A protective layer with a thickness of K 104i was formed on the photoreceptor in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 using tin oxide/antimony fine powder containing 130% by weight of particles with a particle size of 0503 μm or less. Cleanability is good and resolution is 74.
1/■, but the residual potential was as high as 550■, and this residual potential increased with the number of copies and was unstable.
実施例 １
粒径０．０３μｍ以下のものを１０１１［ｔチ含みかつ
粒径５．０μｍ以上の粒子を実質的には含まない酸化ス
ズ／酸化アンチモン微粉末を用いた以外は、比較例１と
同じ材料、同じ手順により感光体上に１０μｍの保護層
を設けた。この感光体の初期電位は９７０Ｖ、残留電位
は５０ Ｖで安定しており、表面性も良く、解像力はｃ
７ｔｐ７■であり、１０００００枚のコピー後でもりｒ
） −二’７．グ不良その他の欠陥はみられなかった。Example 1 The same procedure as Comparative Example 1 was used except that tin oxide/antimony oxide fine powder containing 1011[t] having a particle size of 0.03 μm or less and substantially no particles having a particle size of 5.0 μm or more was used. A 10 μm protective layer was provided on the photoreceptor using the same material and the same procedure. The initial potential of this photoreceptor is 970 V, the residual potential is stable at 50 V, the surface properties are good, and the resolution is c.
7tp7■, and after 100,000 copies
) -2'7. No defects were found.
又３０℃湿度（Ｒ■）８５％の環境下でも初期電位９８
０ｖ、残留電位４５Ｖで安定しており、画質に変化はみ
られなかった。In addition, the initial potential is 98 even in an environment of 30℃ and humidity (R) of 85%.
It was stable at 0 V and residual potential of 45 V, and no change in image quality was observed.
実施例 ２
アルミパイプ上に設けたＳ＠（５５μｍ）蒸着膜及びＳ
＠−Ｔ＠合金蒸着ＩＩ （１ｉｍ ） ！ ’） ｔｔ
ル二ｊｌ ｌｉの光導電体上にジルコニウムテトラ−
ｎブチレート２重置部、ジメチル（ジメトキシ）７ラン
１重を部、イングロビルアルコール２０１ ｆｔ ｇ
カらなる溶液をスグレー塗布し、４０℃で３時間乾燥し
て、０．５μ厚の中間層を設けこの上に実施例１と実質
的に同一の保護層１０μｍを設けた。この感光体は初期
電位８５０■、残留電位９５．■で安定しており、表面
性も良く、解像力は７Ｌｐ／■であり、１０００００枚
のコピー後でもクリーニング不良その他の欠陥はみもれ
なかった。また、３０℃、湿度８５％の環境下でも初期
電位９００Ｖ、残留電位９０Ｖで安定しており、画質に
実質的な変化はみられなかった。Example 2 S@(55μm) vapor deposited film and S provided on aluminum pipe
@-T@Alloy Deposition II (1im)! ') tt
zirconium tetra on the photoconductor of
2 parts n-butyrate, 7 parts dimethyl (dimethoxy) 1 part, Inglovir alcohol 201 ft g
A sugley solution was coated on the substrate and dried at 40° C. for 3 hours to form an intermediate layer with a thickness of 0.5 μm, on which a 10 μm protective layer substantially the same as in Example 1 was provided. This photoreceptor has an initial potential of 850 cm and a residual potential of 95. It was stable (3), had good surface properties, had a resolution of 7 Lp/2, and showed no cleaning defects or other defects even after copying 100,000 sheets. Further, even in an environment of 30° C. and 85% humidity, the initial potential was stable at 900 V and the residual potential was 90 V, and no substantial change in image quality was observed.
実施例 ３
粒径０．０３μｍ以丁の粒子お裏び粒径５μｍ以上の粒
子を実質的に含まない酸化スズ／＃１化アンチモン微粉
末を用いたこと以外は実施例２と同じ材料、同じ手順に
より１０μｍ厚の保護層を設けた。この感光体は初期電
位９２０Ｖ、残弯電位１０５ Ｖで安定しており、表面
性もよく、７Ｌ１ｙ’ｇｍの解像力が得られ、１０００
００枚コピー後でもクリ−二／グ不良その他の欠陥は与
られなかった。Example 3 The same materials as in Example 2, except that tin oxide/antimony #1 fine powder was used, which did not substantially contain particles with a particle size of 0.03 μm or more and particles with a particle size of 5 μm or more. A protective layer with a thickness of 10 μm was provided by the procedure. This photoreceptor is stable with an initial potential of 920 V and a residual potential of 105 V, has good surface properties, has a resolution of 7 L1y'gm, and has a resolution of 1000 V.
Even after copying 00 sheets, there were no cleaning/guing defects or other defects.
また、３０’Ｃ！、湿度（ＲＨ）８５憾の環境下でも初
期電位９２０Ｖ、残留電位１０５ Ｖで安定しており、
画質に実質的な変化はみられなかった。Also, 30'C! It is stable with an initial potential of 920V and a residual potential of 105V even in an environment with humidity (RH) of 85V.
No substantial change in image quality was observed.
Claims (1)
一層が結着樹脂中に導電性金属酸化物微粉末を分散した
層であり、かつ導電性金属酸化物微粉末の粒径分布が粒
径５＃１以上のもの５重ｔｑＩＩ以下で粒１１０．０３
μｍ以下のもの２０重ｔＳ以下であることを特徴とする
電子写真感光体。 ２）導電性金属酸化物が酸化スズと酸化アンチモンとを
同−粒子中に含有することを特徴とする特許請求の範囲
第１項記載の電子写真感光体。[Scope of Claims] l) In an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a protective layer on the surface, the protective layer is a layer in which conductive metal oxide fine powder is dispersed in a binder resin, and the conductive metal oxide fine powder is dispersed in a binder resin. If the particle size distribution is 5 #1 or more, 5-fold tqII or less is 110.03 particles.
An electrophotographic photoreceptor characterized in that it has a particle size of 20 times tS or less in μm or less. 2) The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, wherein the conductive metal oxide contains tin oxide and antimony oxide in the same particles.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP282582A JPS58121044A (en) | 1982-01-13 | 1982-01-13 | Electrophotographic receptor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP282582A JPS58121044A (en) | 1982-01-13 | 1982-01-13 | Electrophotographic receptor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS58121044A true JPS58121044A (en) | 1983-07-19 |
| JPH0343618B2 JPH0343618B2 (en) | 1991-07-03 |
Family
ID=11540185
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP282582A Granted JPS58121044A (en) | 1982-01-13 | 1982-01-13 | Electrophotographic receptor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS58121044A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5171480A (en) * | 1988-08-29 | 1992-12-15 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Electrophotographic photosensitive member containing a conductive layer which comprises a resin and a conductive zinc oxide having a tetrapad structure |
| US5183594A (en) * | 1988-08-29 | 1993-02-02 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Conductive resin composition containing zinc oxide whiskers having a tetrapod structure |
| US5310612A (en) * | 1991-03-11 | 1994-05-10 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Image-holding member and production method thereof, method for forming image-forming master using the image-holding member and the forming apparatus, and image-forming method using them |
| US5447812A (en) * | 1992-12-28 | 1995-09-05 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Electrophotographic photoreceptor and process for preparing the same |
| US6562531B2 (en) | 2000-10-04 | 2003-05-13 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Electrophotographic photoreceptor, and image forming method and apparatus using the photoreceptor |
| US7060404B2 (en) | 2001-05-01 | 2006-06-13 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Electrophotographic photoreceptor, method for manufacturing the electrophotographic photoreceptor and image forming apparatus using the electrophotographic photoreceptor |
-
1982
- 1982-01-13 JP JP282582A patent/JPS58121044A/en active Granted
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5171480A (en) * | 1988-08-29 | 1992-12-15 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Electrophotographic photosensitive member containing a conductive layer which comprises a resin and a conductive zinc oxide having a tetrapad structure |
| US5183594A (en) * | 1988-08-29 | 1993-02-02 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Conductive resin composition containing zinc oxide whiskers having a tetrapod structure |
| US5310612A (en) * | 1991-03-11 | 1994-05-10 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Image-holding member and production method thereof, method for forming image-forming master using the image-holding member and the forming apparatus, and image-forming method using them |
| US5411826A (en) * | 1991-03-11 | 1995-05-02 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Image-holding member and production method thereof, method for forming image-forming master using the image-holding member and the forming apparatus, and image-forming method using them |
| US5464716A (en) * | 1991-03-11 | 1995-11-07 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Image-holding member and production method thereof, method for forming image-forming master using the image-holding member and the forming apparatus, and image-forming method using them |
| US5447812A (en) * | 1992-12-28 | 1995-09-05 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Electrophotographic photoreceptor and process for preparing the same |
| US5635327A (en) * | 1992-12-28 | 1997-06-03 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Electrophotographic photoreceptor and process for preparing the same |
| US6562531B2 (en) | 2000-10-04 | 2003-05-13 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Electrophotographic photoreceptor, and image forming method and apparatus using the photoreceptor |
| US7060404B2 (en) | 2001-05-01 | 2006-06-13 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Electrophotographic photoreceptor, method for manufacturing the electrophotographic photoreceptor and image forming apparatus using the electrophotographic photoreceptor |
| US7127196B2 (en) | 2001-05-01 | 2006-10-24 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Electrophotographic photoreceptor, method for manufacturing the electrophotographic photoreceptor and image forming apparatus using the electrophotographic photoreceptor |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0343618B2 (en) | 1991-07-03 |
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