JPS58104402A - Flusher - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Technical Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a flasher used in geothermal power plants and the like.

Specifically, the present invention relates to a flasher that generates steam from hot water generated underground, which is used in geothermal hot water utilization plants such as geothermal power generation.

Technical Background of the Invention Since flashers are the most commonly used equipment in geothermal power plants, the following explanation will be based on the geothermal power generation cycle as an example.As a technology for extracting steam from hot water, there are other technologies other than geothermal power generation. Figure 1 shows an overview of the main system of a geothermal power plant, which is based on exactly the same principle even though it is used in the following application fields. In FIG. 1, a mixed fluid of hot water and steam generated from a geothermal well 1 flows into a separator 3 through a pipe 2. In FIG.

Both fluids with different specific gravities are separated in the Yabareta 3 using gravity and centrifugal force, and the steam with low specific gravity flows upwards and the hot water with high specific gravity accumulates in the lower part of the container.The steam separated in this way is The steam turbine 5 is introduced into the steam turbine 5 through the high pressure steam pipe 4, and the steam turbine 5 is operated.
Electricity is generated by connecting the 'i'' Lt to the five launchers and the five launchers and the six shutoffs.

The steam flowing inside the steam turbine 5 operates and rotates the steam turbine 5 and the generator 6, so as it goes downstream, the steam becomes low pressure and flows out from the steam turbine 5, and flows out from the steam turbine 5 to a connected condenser 7. flows into. water type 7
Usually, a type in which turbine exhaust steam and cooling water come into direct contact to exchange heat is often used. In the condenser 7, the steam is condensed by cooling water and pumped out with the cooling water.
The cooling tower (not shown) is a device that exchanges heat by bringing water and air into contact with each other. The cooling water whose temperature has increased is cooled by air and is again sent to the condenser 7 as cooling water.

By the way, since the hot water separated by the separator 3 is still a high temperature liquid, it can be used more effectively. The enthalpy that a liquid can hold under normal pressure has a maximum value and becomes constant with temperature. The liquid at that time is said to be in a saturated state, and when the 0 pressure, which is a constant value relative to the internal pressure of the separator 3, is high, both the temperature and enthalpy are high, and when the pressure is low, Both have low values and are in a stable state.

When high-pressure saturated water is introduced into a low-pressure space, the liquid no longer retains the enthalpy it previously held and attempts to maintain a stable temperature and enthalpy state at the pressure of that space. At this time, the surplus enthalpy is used for the evaporation of saturated IB water.

The hot water separated by the separator 3 is sent to the flasher 9. Since the internal pressure of the flasher 9 is maintained at a lower pressure than that of the separator 3, steam is generated according to the principle described above. This steam is made to flow into the low pressure stage of the steam turbine 5 through the low pressure steam pipe 10 and is used as power for power generation.

Saturated hot water corresponding to the internal pressure of Flasher 9 accumulates in the lower part of the container of Flasher 9, but because it is at a low temperature, it is not reused and is returned underground from Kanmoto Ika. be done.

Next, the structure of the flasher 9 will be explained. FIG. 2 shows a general structure. In FIG. 2, separator 3 (
The hot water from Figure 1) flows in from the hot water inlet 11, and the end of the hot water flows into the spherical or semi-elliptical end plate 12 at the end of the horizontal container.
At the zero nozzle 13, which is ejected from a horizontally mounted nozzle 13 toward the center of the hot water, the pressure of the hot water is drastically reduced, so that it self-evaporates and ejects toward the surface of the mirror plate 12 as a high-speed two-phase fluid.

Therefore, on the inner surface of the mirror plate 12, there exists a gas-liquid two-phase flow that flows radially from the center to the outer surface.

In this case, the liquid having a large specific gravity flows while contacting the surface of the end plate 12 as indicated by the solid line arrow in FIG. 2, and enters the drain catcher 14 attached to the inner surface of the flasher main body. This drain catcher 14 guides the inflowing liquid to a drain orifice 16 at the bottom of the cylindrical container through a circular pocket 15 that communicates with the bottom of the cylindrical container. The vapor flows radially through the space away from the gas-liquid interface toward the opposite side of the cylindrical container, and is taken out of the flasher 9 through the vapor outlet port 17 provided at the top near the opposite end.

Furthermore, the low-temperature hot water accumulated in the drain pool 16 at the bottom of the container is taken out to the outside of the 7 latches 9 through a hot water outlet wi18 provided at the bottom of the container.

Problems with the Background Art The above-mentioned conventional structure 7-Ratsunya has a performance problem in that evaporated steam and hot water are separated.

To explain further, when the hot water flows out from the nozzle 13, it self-evaporates as described above and becomes a gas-liquid two-phase flow, which flows through the end plate 12.
flows towards. This gas-liquid two-phase flow is reduced in pressure within the nozzle 13 so that f! The specific volume of the mixed fluid increases at a special speed due to the generation of steam, so the hot water is accelerated by the steam and flows at a high speed of about 100 m/s. It is a well-known fact, as shown by various previous studies on gas-liquid two-phase flows, that when acceleration to this degree occurs, hot water and steam become a completely heated spray flow. However, while this spray stream flows along the head plate 12, the liquid with a high specific gravity is pushed out toward the wall surface, and the vapor with a low specific gravity is pushed out in a direction far from the wall surface, and separated.

Figure 3 shows a mirror plate 12 of a gas-liquid two-phase flow ejected from a nozzle 13.
Shows the flow in the vicinity. In the same figure, steam bubbles 1 inside the nozzle.
9, indicating that it is almost uniformly mixed with the hot water.

As the bubbles 19 emerge from the nozzle 13 and flow radially against the mirror plate 12, they are separated and released into the space. When the bubbles 19 are released into the space, small droplets are also taken with them and released into the space, just as the liquid surface is separated. This phenomenon is similar to that observed at the gas-liquid interface during pool boiling. but,
These entrained droplets increase the amount of steam generated and cause a decrease in the performance of the turbine, so it is necessary to reduce them as much as possible.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been developed in view of the above-mentioned problems, and an object thereof is to provide a flasher which can effectively and reliably perform gas-liquid separation in a 7-ray tank and has a simple structure. . .

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a container with a hot water inlet, a nozzle W with a diameter that communicates with the hot water inlet, and a nozzle pipe with a bending radius of 3D or more and a spread angle of 20. A curved diffuser of more than 100 degrees is installed in a row, and the cross section is semi-circular and the width is curved, and the width is curved at the same angle as the □1' diffuser. A curved diffuser with a shape that can reliably separate gas and liquid in relation to the diameter of the nozzle tube, which is formed by connecting a series of plates and a drain catcher at the tip of the guide plate to catch the liquid in the fluid. Because of this provision, the liquid is completely separated into gas and liquid while passing through the nozzle pipe and this curved diffuser section, resulting in a gas-liquid two-phase flow. This gas-liquid two-phase flow is further separated into a liquid component and a gas component while passing through a guide plate, the gas component steam is sent to the next steam turbine, and the liquid droplets are captured by a drain catcher. Embodiment FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate conceptual diagrams of the structure of a hook to which the present invention is applied.

A nozzle pipe 21 is attached vertically downward in the flasher 9, along with a hot water inlet 11 arranged at the upper part of the flasher. The nozzle pipe 21 is assembled so that its cross section changes from a circular cross section to a rectangular cross section, and the cross sectional area increases further downstream. Furthermore, the nozzle pipe 2] is connected to the curved diffuser η at a position near the bottom of the rough shaft 9. When facing the direction of the curved diffuser head plate 12, its outlet has a rectangular cross section. Further, the curved diffuser n is curved with a radius of a certain value or more, and has a wide force angle at a certain position. The bending radius and spread angle will be described in more detail later. The plate at the bottom of the outlet of the curved diffuser n spreads out while maintaining the spread angle of the curved diffusers, and as shown in the fifth W, the cross section in the plane including the central axis of the flasher 9 and the central axis of the nozzle pipe 21 is half. It is connected to a circular rice bowl. At the tip of the rice cooker,
The cross-sectional shape is similar to that shown in FIG. 2, but a drain catcher is connected thereto, which is perpendicular to the central axis of the flasher 9 and is disposed so that the water can flow horizontally.

Further, reference numeral 5 is a separation plate for avoiding interference at the interface with hot water accumulated at the bottom of the flasher 9 when the generated steam flows to the steam outlet 17 (Fig. 2) installed near the other end of the flasher 9. It is.

Next, the characteristics of the flasher in this structure will be explained.

The hot water flowing in from the hot water inlet 11 starts to self-evaporate while flowing down the nozzle pipe 21, and a considerable amount of evaporation progresses in the portion connected to the curved diffuser n.

Next, the curved diffuser B completely separates the gas and liquid into a gas-liquid two-phase flow. However, when the spread angle of the curved diffuser η is small, the steam flow rate is accelerated and the state of spray flow is maintained at the outlet, but as the angle is widened, the steam flow rate is decelerated. It becomes the same state as when the duct loses its softness and suddenly expands from the nozzle pipe 2.

Therefore, in order to reliably penetrate the gas-liquid two-phase flow using the curved diffuser 22, it is necessary to set its bending radius and spread angle to appropriate sizes. i.e. curved diffuser 2
2 separates gas and liquid by utilizing the uniform expansion and deceleration effect in the passage cross section of the steam flow velocity and the density difference when the gas-liquid two-phase flow flows through the curved part. It is necessary to maximize the separation effect. When examining this separation effect experimentally by varying the bending radius and spread angle of the curved diffuser, the characteristics shown in Figure 6 were obtained. That is, in FIG. 6, the horizontal axis represents the spreading angle C of the diffuser part, and the vertical axis represents the bending radius of the diffuser part.The curve in the figure shows the stable separation region ( above the curve] and the unstable separation region (below the curve).

As can be seen from FIG. 6, a stable separation effect can be obtained by setting the bending radius of the curved diffuser ρ to 3D or more (however, the diameter of the nozzle pipe 21) and the spreading angle to 20° or more.

In this way, at the outlet of the curved diffuser 22, a gas-liquid separated two-phase flow with almost complete evaporation is created, so re-entrainment of droplets into the vapor at the gas-liquid interface is extremely reduced. We can supply flashers with good performance. In addition, the fact that the gas-liquid two-phase flow in the pipe at a rotational speed becomes a separated flow is as follows.
There are clear signs from previous research.

The gas-liquid separated two-phase flow that exited the curved outlet, -yx, is shown in Figure 5. The hot water stayed in the guide rice bowl and rose, as shown by the solid arrow, and flowed into the drain catcher row at the top. It falls from both sides of the rear and ends up in the drain pool 16 at the bottom. The steam flows toward the steam outlet (17 in FIG. 2) as indicated by the dashed arrow.

In addition, the nozzle pipe 21, the curved diffuser n2 guide board,
The relative position of the drain catcher and the like to the bottom of the container can be changed as appropriate depending on design conditions and the like.

Effects of the Invention The present invention can completely separate the high-temperature liquid passing through the curved diffuser into a two-phase gas flow,
After that, the fluid flow is reversed by a guide plate, the outside gas and the liquid are separated, the liquid is captured by a drain catcher and used as drain, and the outside gas is sent to the low-pressure side inlet of the steam turbine as steam gas. , gas-liquid separation efficiency is improved,
In turn, the operating efficiency of the turbine can be improved,
Further, the structure is simple and manufacturing is easy.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a main system diagram of a geothermal power generation plant called a double flash cycle, Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the structure of a conventional flasher, and Figure 3 is the air ejected from the nozzle of a conventional flasher. Figures 4 and 5, which show the flow grooves near the end plate for liquid two-phase fluid, show the structure of the seven lashers of the present invention, especially the parts that are different from conventional ones, and Figure 4 shows the three-dimensional structure. Figure 5 is a sectional view, Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view, and Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view.
The figure is a graph showing how much the spread angle and bending radius of the curved diffuser, which is the gist of the present invention, affect the gas-liquid separation effect. 9...Flasher, 11...Hot water input account, 12...
- End plate, 2]... Nozzle pipe, 22... Bent diffuser, vessel... Guide plate, U... Drain yatcha. Applicant's agent Kiyota Inomata 2 Figure 17 11- Figure 3

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A hot water inlet is provided in a container, a nozzle pipe with a diameter of -2 is provided inside the container and communicates with the heated water inlet, and this nozzle pipe has a bending radius of 3D or more and a spreading angle. Connect curved diffusers of m degrees or more. A guide plate is connected to the lower part of the outlet of the target diffuser, and has a semicircular cross section, a width, and a width that spreads out at the same angle as the curved diffuser, for reversing the fluid flowing out from the curved diffuser force;
7. A drain catcher is characterized in that a drain catcher is connected to the tip of the guide plate to catch the outside of the liquid in the fluid. 2. The hot water inlet is provided at the top of the container near the container head plate, and the nozzle pipe is suspended from the hot water inlet.
A patent claim characterized in that the curved diffuser is provided with its outlet facing the end plate, and its outlet cross section is rectangular, and the drain catcher is disposed in a direction perpendicular to the central axis of the container. Flasher 0 of range 1 violation