JPH1187022A - Surface heater - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a heater with less power consumption and easily controllable by providing plural insulating heating sheets formed by overlapping insulating resin sheets in both surfaces of a heating material for generating heat with electrifying, and arranging heat insulating material between the insulating heating sheets. SOLUTION: A surface heater 18 has a heating material 10 for generating heat with electrifying. The heating material 10 is formed of a porous surface heating sheet formed by mixing the linear carbon fiber and irregular shaped Japanese paper raw material and forming it through the adhesive agent. An insulating resin sheet 12 is formed of a film-like polyester resin and FRP, and pinches an upper and a lower surfaces of the heating material 10 so as to form an insulating heating sheet 14. A heat insulating material 16 for prevent heat transfer is provided adjacent to a lower surface of the insulating heating sheet 14. Plural insulating heating sheets 14 and plural heat insulating material 16 are overlapped with each other so as to form a surface heater 18, and this surface heater 18 is arranged adjacent to a surface material of a target position. With this structure, control is performed so as to generate the heat in the only plural heating material 10, and power consumption is thereby reduced.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a planar heating element used for heating, heating and keeping warm by electric heat.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a heating element composed of an electric heating device employs a heating wire or a sheet-shaped resistor, and is used for rugs such as tatami mats, floors, walls, roofs of buildings, and sidewalks. And has been used for heating, heating, drying, and the like. For example, in the case of the conventional floor heating and the heating of the tatami mat shown in FIG. 4, a heating sheet 22 is provided between grass 19 and a straw 20 which are the covering material of the tatami mat, and the heat generated from the heating sheet 22 is rush 19 The straw 20 was radiated from the surface and warmed the tatami, and the straw 20 became a heat insulating material, and the generated heat was accumulated.

[0003]

In the case of the above-mentioned conventional technology, for example, in a tatami room, a heating element is formed near the surface,
When an electric current is applied, heat is generated from the heating element to warm the surface. Heat is mainly radiated from the surface, but the corners and edges of the tatami tend to accumulate heat, and if a desk is placed on the tatami for a long time,
There was a problem that heat was trapped in the contact portion with the tatami mat and the temperature rose, causing burns and burns.

Further, due to heat conduction in which heat is transmitted from a high temperature portion to a low temperature portion, in the case of a heating element arranged near the surface, the surface temperature rises quickly, but much heat is released when the outside air is cold. Therefore, the energy consumption increases, and when the heating is stopped, the temperature rapidly decreases.

The present invention has been made in view of the conventional problems, and has as its object to provide a safe and inexpensive planar heating element which can easily heat a target portion with little energy consumption and is easy to control. It is intended.

[0006]

According to the present invention, there are provided a plurality of insulating heat generating sheets each having an electric resistor and having an insulating resin sheet laminated on both surfaces of a heat generating material having a surface shape or the like for generating heat by energization. This is a planar heating element in which a heat insulating material is arranged between the insulating heating sheets.

[0007] The heating material is a sheet in which a raw material fiber of Japanese paper and carbon fibers are irregularly joined in a mesh shape with many voids, and is a conductive sheet which is thinly and uniformly arranged in a plane. .

The heat insulating material blocks the transfer of heat generated from the insulating heat generating sheet, and may also have a heat storage function. Further, the plurality of insulating heating sheets included in the sheet heating element can be controlled in temperature for each insulating heating sheet, and the insulating heating sheet to be used can be selected by a sensor or manually.

[0009]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention. The planar heating element according to this embodiment includes:
Heating material 10 having an electric resistor and generating heat when energized
The heating material 10 is preferably a porous sheet-like heat generation sheet in which carbon fibers are uniformly arranged in a sheet on the raw material fibers of Japanese paper. The porous sheet-like heat generating sheet is composed of a mixture of straight carbon fibers and irregularly shaped Japanese paper material grooves at a predetermined mixing ratio, and an irregular mesh-like porous material through an adhesive (not shown). Formed into a quality sheet. The thickness of the porous sheet heating sheet is, for example, 30 μm. Many voids are formed between the carbon fibers and the grooves, and the void ratio of the voids when the conductive sheet is projected in a direction perpendicular to the sheet surface is 20 to 80%.

Here, the carbon fiber has a length of 6 to 3 for example.
0 mm and a diameter of 5 to 15 μm. Further, the volume blending ratio (vol%) of the carbon fiber changes according to the use of the porous sheet heating sheet.
13 to 80% for various shielding materials.

Other heating materials 10 include metal alloy wires (such as nichrome), metal etching materials (platinum, aluminum, other alloys), carbon black coating materials, carbon fiber thread-like laminate materials, various types of short fibers and carbon fibers. Any shape may be used as long as it is a thin sheet-like shape, such as a non-porous heating material, a material formed from a ceramic material, or the like.

The insulating resin sheet 12 is made of polyester resin, phenol resin, epoxy resin, or other FRP.
This insulating resin sheet 12 is a film formed of (fiber reinforced plastic) or the like, and forms the insulating heat generating sheet 14 with the upper and lower surfaces of the heat generating material 10 interposed therebetween. Further, a heat insulating material 16 is provided adjacent to the lower surface of the insulating heat generating sheet 14 to block transfer of generated heat.

The heat insulating material 16 is formed of a material generally used as a heat insulating material. For example, straw for tatami mats, foamed resin, glass wool, wood, cement for walls, soil, cement, pavement materials for sidewalks and roads, and the like. is there. A plurality of the insulating heat generating sheets 14 and the heat insulating materials 16 are alternately stacked to form a planar heat generating element 18. The sheet heating element 18 is provided adjacent to the skin material at the target location, and the insulating heating sheet 14 and the heat insulating material 16 are repeatedly overlapped.
More than one layer, and preferably, the final surface of the sheet heating element 18 is formed of the heat insulating material 16.

Further, the heat insulating material 16 also serves as a heat storage material by selecting a material having a large heat capacity. Further, a heat insulating material and a heat storage material may be laminated.

[0015]

2 and 3 show a tatami mat having a planar heating element 18 according to an embodiment of the present invention. This planar shape is the heating element 18
As shown in FIG. 2, it has a structure in which two layers of an insulating heat generating sheet 14 and a straw 20 as a heat insulating material are alternately laminated adjacent to the lower surface of grass 19 as a skin material. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, a structure may be adopted in which three layers of the insulating heating sheet 14 and the straw 20 are alternately laminated.

FIG. 4 shows a conventional thermal tatami mat.
A conventional heating sheet 22 is provided between the straw 9 and the straw 20. Here, in these three types of tatami mats, the effective area of the heating element is 1.
36m ² , power density for raising the tatami surface temperature to 60 ° C at room temperature 20 ° C, current and rising temperature per heating element, power consumption and usage fee per hour

The results are shown in Table 1.

[0017]

[Table 1]

As described above, when the number of the insulating heat generating sheets 14 increases, the current and power density required for each heat generating sheet decrease, the electrical safety is improved, and the mounting parts are set at a low cost. Can be. In addition, the straw 20
Has a function as a heat storage material, so that once the temperature rises, the temperature of the entire tatami mat is hardly decreased, and the power consumption required to keep the tatami mat temperature constant decreases, and the running cost also decreases. In consideration of the use of heat storage, it is possible to use late-night power, and a further reduction in running costs can be expected.

Also, the insulating heating sheet 14 can be controlled by a control device according to the purpose, such as only one set, or only the second set, the third set, etc., and heat is stored inside the tatami mat. In this case, heat is generated only from the insulating heat generating sheet 14 provided at a position close to the skin material, or heat is generated from the second or third set of insulating heat generating sheets 14 to remove moisture, ticks and the like inside the tatami mat. , Can be used efficiently.

In addition to the tatami mats, these planar heating elements 18 can be used for rugs such as carpets and carpets, floors, walls and roofs of buildings for heating and snow removal in winter, or for road heating for road heating. Use is also possible.

[0021]

The planar heating element of the present invention requires less electric power by laminating a plurality of heating materials and heat insulating materials, and can be made electrically safe. Also, of the plurality of heating materials, it is possible to control only the intended heating material to generate heat, and since the heat insulating material has a heat storage effect,
Power consumption can also be reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a sheet heating element according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a tatami mat having two layers of planar heating elements according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a tatami mat having a three-layer planar heating element according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional thermal tatami mat.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Heating material 12 Insulating resin sheet 14 Insulating heating sheet 16 Heat insulating material 18 Planar heating element

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A plurality of insulating heating sheets each having an electric resistor and having an insulating resin sheet overlapped on both surfaces of a heating material which generates heat by energization, and a heat insulating material is provided between the insulating heating sheets. A planar heating element arranged. 2. The heating material has a mixture of fibers of a raw material of Japanese paper and carbon fibers irregularly, and has many voids between fibers on a projection plane perpendicular to a sheet surface of the heating material. 2. The sheet heating element according to claim 1, wherein the washi raw material fiber and the carbon fiber are bonded in an irregular mesh, and the washi raw material fiber and the carbon fiber are thinly and uniformly arranged in a plane. 3. The sheet heating element according to claim 1, wherein the heat insulating material also serves as a heat storage material for storing heat generated from the insulating heat generating sheet. 4. The heat insulating sheet having a plurality of layers laminated,
The sheet heating element according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the sheet heating element is connected to an energization control device that individually energizes and is provided so as to generate heat for each layer.