JPH1181849A - Excavating device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve soil and sand discharging efficiency without the excavated soil and sand to get in contact with a excavating wheel again. SOLUTION: At an outer circumferential part of an excavating wheel 48, plural excavating parts 100 are formed at an interval in a circumferential direction, and the excavating part 100 has an opening 101 facing the downstream side in the rotatory direction of the excavating wheel 48. A discharge part is provided on the upstream side in the rotatory direction of the excavating part 100, and a guide part 108 is formed from the excavating part 100 to the discharge part. An opening 103 of the discharge part is covered by a cover body 104 at an angle position of the rotation wheel 48 where the boring part 100 is applied to the ground, and a slurry pump 110 sucks soil and sand in the cover body 104. Soil and sand excavated by the excavating part 100 by rotation of the excavating wheel 48 is thus sucked to the opening 101 in the excavating part 100 to be guided through a guide part 108 to be sucked through the cover body 104 to the slurry pump 110.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an excavator for excavating a ground, and more particularly to an excavator for a shaft used in an open caisson method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When excavating a large depth and large diameter shaft for the purpose of constructing an underground building or foundation of an above-ground building, it is necessary to prevent the collapse of the ground against the earth pressure and water pressure. ,
An open caisson method is used in which a cylindrical concrete caisson is sunk in the ground while gradually excavating the bottom of the shaft. In the open caisson method, the space inside the caisson is filled with groundwater because the upper part of the caisson is open to the atmosphere.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a first prior art excavator 1 used in such an open caisson method. The excavator 1 has three disc-shaped excavating wheels 2, 3 and 4, and the outer excavating wheels 2 and 4 are supported by arms 5 and 6. Each of the wheels 2 to 4 has a plurality of cutter bits on the entire bottom surface.
Caisson frame 7 with caisson frame 7
Fixed to When excavating by such an excavator 1, the excavating wheels 2 to 4 revolve around the wheel 3 while rotating, and the excavating device 1 is displaced downward, so that each of the wheels 2 to 4 Is pressed against the ground at the bottom where the lower end of the caisson frame 7 faces, whereby the entire cross section inside the caisson frame 7 can be excavated. The excavated earth and sand is sucked together with the groundwater from the center of the central excavating wheel 3 and discharged to the outside. In addition, the excavating diameter of the excavator 1 can be changed by bending the arms 5 and 6 that support the outer wheels 2 and 4.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing a part of a digging apparatus 10 which is a second technique used in the open caisson method. The excavator 10 is disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 4-17661. The excavator 10 is fixed to a lower end portion of the caisson body 7 by a fixing means 11, has a turning support member 12 at a lower portion, a base end of a telescopic arm 13 is connected to the turning support member 12, and a drum is Cutter 1
4 are provided. The ground is excavated by rotating the drum cutter 14 in contact with the ground. Therefore, the ground below the caisson skeleton 7 can be excavated along with the groundwater by rotating the drum cutter 14 while swinging the swing support member 12 and swinging the arm 13. The excavated earth and sand is sucked together with the groundwater by a suction pipe 15 opened near the drum cutter 14 and discharged to the outside.

[0005]

In the first prior art shown in FIG. 9, the excavated earth and sand is applied to the central excavating wheel 3.
From the center of the caisson body 7 so that the earth and sand excavated at the outer periphery of the caisson body 7
The cutter bit is worn by contact with the cutter bit of ~ 4,
Furthermore, this has the disadvantage that power loss is also caused.

In the second prior art shown in FIG. 10, the ground is excavated by rotation of the drum cutter 14, and the excavated earth and sand is sucked from a suction pipe 15 opened near the drum cutter 14. Although there are relatively few drawbacks such as excavated earth and sand coming into repeated contact with the drum cutter 14 as in the technique, since a cover or the like is not provided between the drum cutter 14 and the suction pipe 15, excavation by the drum cutter 14 is not performed. The sediment is diffused before the sucked soil is sucked from the suction pipe 15, and the suction pipe 15 has to suck and discharge the sand in a thin slurry containing a large amount of water in the spread soil. I can't get it. For this reason, most of the power required for earth and sand discharge is consumed for water discharge, and there is a problem that the efficiency of earth and sand discharge is very poor.

[0007] An object of the present invention is to provide a drilling device with improved soil discharging efficiency without the excavated soil contacting the excavating wheel again.

[0008]

According to the present invention, there is provided a digging portion which is open to the downstream side in the rotation direction and excavates the ground in contact with the ground; A digging wheel provided with a discharge unit for discharging the excavated earth and sand, a guiding unit provided from the digging unit to the discharging unit, and guiding the gravitational force from the digging unit to the discharging unit by a pushing force by rotation, and a wheel for driving the digging wheel to rotate. At the angular position of the drive source and the excavating wheel at which the excavating section contacts the ground, a cover body covering the opening of the discharging section, and a suction force is guided to a space in the cover body, and the sucked earth and sand is transferred to a predetermined discharge position. An excavating device comprising: earth and sand transfer means.

According to the present invention, when the excavating wheel is rotated by the wheel driving source, the excavated portion is opened facing the downstream side in the rotational direction, so that the earth and sand excavated by the rotation of the excavated wheel is moved to the opening of the excavated portion. Taken off. At the angular position of the excavation wheel where the excavation part contacts the ground and excavates the ground, the opening of the discharge part is covered with a cover body, so the sediment taken in the excavation part guides, discharges and the cover body The water is sucked by the earth and sand transferring means and discharged to a predetermined discharge position. At this time, since the guide portion is provided from the excavation portion to the discharge portion provided on the upstream side in the rotation direction from the excavation portion, the excavated earth and sand is effectively guided to the discharge portion by the rotation of the excavation wheel.

[0010] As described above, the excavating wheel scoops and sucks the excavated earth and sand immediately after excavating the ground.
Excavated earth and sand can be prevented from repeatedly contacting the excavation wheel.

Since the excavating wheel rotates to excavate and take in earth and sand at the excavation part, the earth and sand are prevented from being diffused, and the earth and sand is efficiently sucked and transferred without sucking a large amount of water. be able to. In addition, since the cover body covers the opening of the discharge unit at the angular position of the excavating wheel excavated by the excavating unit, it is not sucked from the opening of the excavating unit at the angular position of the wheel where the excavating unit does not excavate, and only moisture is removed. A large amount of suction can be prevented.

[0012]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a state in which a shaft 31 is formed by an open caisson method using an excavator 30 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The excavating device 30 includes an excavating head 41, a fixing unit 43, and a vertical displacement driving unit 45.
It has a swivel arm 47 with excavating wheels 48, 49 and a fixed arm 46 with third and fourth excavating wheels 50,51.

In the open caisson method, a cylindrical caisson frame 32 made of reinforced concrete is laid down, and the excavator 3 is fixed below the caisson frame 32 by fixing means 43.
0 is fixed and the bottom of the caisson skeleton 32 is excavated. Since the upper part of the caisson frame 32 is open to the atmosphere, and the caisson frame 32 is filled with groundwater by seepage water, the excavator 30 performs an excavation operation underwater.
A crane 33 is installed above the shaft 31, and the excavator 30 is suspended from the crane 33 so that the caisson frame 3
On the inner surface of No. 2, it is lowered along the guide rail 34 extending in the vertical direction to the vicinity of the lower end of the caisson frame 32. At this time, the excavator 30 is lowered in a state where the diameter of the excavator 30 is reduced by turning the turning arm 47 inward. Then, the fixing means 43
The drilling rig 30 is fixed to the caisson drive 32 by
The ground in the caisson frame 32 is excavated over the entire cross section while the excavating diameter is enlarged, and the swiveling arm 47 is displaced downward by the vertical displacement driving means 45 in a state of being swung outward. The excavated earth and sand is sucked together with the muddy water by the earth and sand transferring means and discharged to a wastewater treatment facility 35 provided on the ground. In the wastewater treatment facility 35, the separated water is separated into sediment and water. It is returned into the frame 32.

When one-stroke excavation is completed by the excavator 30, the turning arm 47 is turned to reduce the diameter, and the excavating head 41 is pulled up by the vertical displacement driving means 45.
Thereafter, a new caisson frame 32a is mounted on the uppermost caisson frame 32, and the caisson frame 32 is lowered by its own weight to the bottom of the shaft 31 in which the caisson frame 32 has been excavated. Thereafter, excavation work is performed again by the excavator 30.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the excavator 30. The digging device 30 includes a digging head 41 for digging the ground,
The excavating head 41 is rotatably supported around a rotation axis L <b> 1 coaxial with the vertical axis of the caisson body 32 and is rotatably supported. Fixing means 43 for detachably fixing the excavator 30 to the caisson frame 32.

The lower end of the excavating head 41 has a rotation axis L1.
A fixed arm 46 extending radially outward with respect to
It has a fixed arm 46 and a swivel arm 47 extending on the opposite side to the rotation axis L1. The swivel arm 47 is provided with first and second excavation wheels 48 and 49 for excavating the vicinity of the outer periphery of the shaft 31. The fixed arm 46 has a shaft 31
3rd and 4th excavation wheels 50 excavating near the center of the
51 are provided. First and second excavating wheels 48,
49 is driven to rotate on a substantially horizontal plane around the rotation axes L4 and L5, and the third and fourth excavation wheels 50 and 51 have substantially horizontal rotation axes L2 and L3, respectively, and are driven to rotate in an upright state. Note that the first and second excavation wheels 48 and 49 are not accurately rotated on a horizontal plane, but are provided so as to be inclined downward toward the downstream side in the rotation direction of the excavation head 41 as described later.

The excavating head 41 is driven to rotate around a rotation axis L1 in the direction of an arrow A (counterclockwise as viewed from above in FIG. 2), and the first and second excavating wheels 48 and 49 are respectively driven by the arrows B1 and B1. B2 (counterclockwise as viewed from above in Fig. 2)
The third and fourth excavating wheels 50 and 51 are rotated by a wheel drive source 56 provided on the upper part of the revolving arm 47, and are respectively attached to the fixed arm 46 by arrows C1 and C2 (clockwise in FIG. 2). It is rotationally driven by a provided wheel drive source 57.

Each of the wheel drive sources 56 and 57 is composed of, for example, a hydraulic motor. Rather than providing two wheel drive sources, the four excavation wheels 48 to 51 are rotationally driven by one wheel drive source by a gear mechanism. You may do so.

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the vicinity of the first excavation wheel 48, FIG. 4 is a front view thereof, and FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a state viewed from the cutting line VV in FIG. FIG. The first excavation wheel 48 has a substantially truncated conical shape, is fixed at the center to a drive shaft 107 connected to the wheel drive source 56 via a gear train, and is driven to rotate in the direction of arrow B1.

On the outer peripheral portion of the first excavating wheel 48, a plurality of, in this embodiment, eight excavating portions 100 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.
Is provided. The excavating part 100 is rotated in the rotation direction B1.
It has an opening 101 facing the downstream side, and has a peripheral portion of the opening 101 facing the outside of the first excavating wheel 48, that is, an outer peripheral portion 111 of the excavating wheel 48 and an upper portion 112 and a lower portion 113 of the excavating portion 100 in FIG. , A plurality of cutter bits 114 are respectively fixed. In addition, instead of the cutter bit 114 for cutting the ground, a crushing unit such as a roller cutter may be provided in the excavation unit 100.

Discharge units 102 are provided for each of the excavating units 100, each of which is open on the upstream side of the excavating unit 100 in the rotation direction B 1 and above the rotation axis L 4 of the first excavating wheel 48. A tubular guide portion 108 is provided which extends smoothly from the opening 101 of the excavation portion 100 to the opening 103 of the discharge portion 102. Therefore, when the first excavation wheel 47 is driven to rotate in the direction of the arrow B <b> 1, the earth and sand excavated by the cutter bit 114 in contact with the ground is first scooped by the excavation unit 100. The scooped earth and sand is guided to the discharge unit 102 by the guide unit 108 by the pushing force by the rotation of the first excavation wheel 47 and the suction force of the slurry pump 110 described later. At this time, since the discharge unit 102 is provided radially inward of the excavation unit 100, the earth and sand are efficiently guided to the discharge unit 102 along the inner peripheral surface of the guide unit 108 by the action of the centrifugal force.
In addition, since the excavation part 100 excavates the ground most at the outer peripheral part 111 pressed against the ground, the side wall of the guide part 108 extending from the outer peripheral part 111 to the discharge part 102 is twisted to be the bottom part in the discharge part 102, The excavated earth and sand excavated at the outer peripheral portion 111 may be provided so as to be guided to the discharge portion 102 smoothly by the side wall.

Since the excavation head 41 excavates downward while rotating in the direction of arrow A about the rotation axis L1, the excavated surface 87 has an angle θ with respect to the horizontal plane as shown in FIG. Make. On the other hand, the swing arm 47 is angularly displaced about the angular displacement axis L12 perpendicular to the rotation axis L1, and the first excavation wheel 48 is lowered as the rotation direction A of the excavation head 41 becomes downstream. Is provided at an angle α to the horizontal plane. The relationship between the angle θ and the angle α is selected so that α> θ. Therefore, only the outer peripheral portion of the first excavation wheel 48 on the downstream side in the rotation direction A comes into contact with the ground due to the rotation of the excavation head 41, and the other cutter bits 114 that are not excavated do not come into contact with the ground. Excavation can be performed efficiently with reduced wear.

A cover body 104 facing the upper surface of the first excavation wheel 48 is provided below the pivot arm 47 on the downstream side of the excavation head 41 in the pivot direction A, that is, in FIG.
The cover body 104 is fixed to a side portion of the turning arm 47 by a mounting member 106 and has an opening 105 facing the opening 103 of the discharge portion 102 of the first excavating wheel 48. A slurry pump 110 is connected to the cover body 104, and the slurry pump 110 guides a suction force to a space in the cover body, sucks soil from the cover body, and discharges the soil below the excavation head 41.

The cover body 104 is provided at the angular position of the first excavating wheel 48 at which the excavating section 100 comes into contact with the ground.
The second opening 103 is covered. That is, while the excavation unit 100 excavates the ground, the discharge unit 1 corresponding to the excavation unit 100
The opening 103 of 02 is covered with the cover body 104. In FIG. 3, an opening 103a of the discharge unit 102a corresponding to the excavation unit 100a that has begun to contact the ground has one end opening toward the opening 105 of the cover body 104, and in FIG. And a discharge unit 102b corresponding to each of the digging units 100c that have just finished digging,
c of the cover body 10
4 and completely faces the opening 105 of the cover body 104. Such a cover body 104 keeps the excavated part until the last excavated soil reaches the discharge part 102 so that the sediment remaining in the guide part 108 can be sucked even after the excavation part 100 completes excavation. The opening area of the cover body 104 is defined so that the cover body 104 covers the opening 103 of the portion 102. At this time, the rotation speed of the first excavation wheel 48 is also considered. As a result, the earth and sand excavated in the excavation section 100 is surely transferred to the slurry pump 1 through the cover body 104.
Aspirated by 10. By providing the cover body 104 in this way, without sucking extra moisture,
Excavated earth and sand can be reliably sucked, and the efficiency of earth and sand discharge is improved.

The opening area of the opening 105 of the cover body 104 is not limited to the above-described one, and at least
While the opening 101 of the discharge unit 102 corresponding to the opening 100 is completely closed by the excavated earth and sand,
03 is selected so as to be completely covered by the cover body 104.

As described above, when the first excavating wheel 48 is driven to rotate and sucked by the slurry pump 110, the earth and sand excavated by the excavating unit 100 is removed as shown in FIG.
Is sucked through the cover body 104 along the guide part 108 as shown by the arrow F in FIG. Since the first excavating wheel 48 sucks the earth and sand while being driven to rotate, the arrow F is shown to be greatly curved in FIG. You will be guided to 104.

As shown in FIG. 5, the lower end of the cover body 104 is expanded and is in surface contact with the upper surface of the first excavating wheel 48. Therefore, the liquid-tightness between the cover body 104 and the first excavation wheel 48 is improved, whereby the cover body 1
It is possible to prevent excess water from being sucked from between the top surface of the first excavation wheel 48 and the top surface of the first excavation wheel 48. The cover body 10
A seal member may be provided between 4 and the upper surface of the first excavation wheel 48 to further improve liquid tightness.

The excavating section 100 of the first excavating wheel 48
Is selected to be, for example, about 75 cm, and the depth of digging during one rotation of the digging head 41 is, for example, 50 cm.
cm, so that when the excavating head 41 makes one rotation, the upper surface of the first excavating wheel 48 is lower than the excavating surface on one circumference, so that the excavating wheel 48 sunk into the ground and excavated. Can be prevented.

With the first excavating wheel 48, the cover body 104, and the slurry pump 110, the earth and sand excavated by the excavating unit 100 is removed by the slurry pump 110.
Due to the suction force generated by the first excavation wheel 48 and the rotation of the first excavation wheel 48, the slurry is quickly sucked from the opening 101 of the excavation unit 100 along with the flow of the muddy water, guided along the guide unit 108 with the rotation of the first excavation wheel 48, and Sucked by pump 110. Therefore, the excavated earth and sand is efficiently sucked without spreading. When the excavated earth or stone or the like is clogged in the guide unit 108, the clogged stone or the like is removed by injecting the slurry pump 110 in the reverse direction and rotating the first excavation wheel 48 in the direction opposite to the arrow B1. Drilling unit 100
Can be easily discharged from Such a configuration is the same for the second excavation section wheel 49.

FIG. 6 is a simplified cross-sectional view showing a state viewed from the section line VI-VI in FIG. Since the third excavation wheel 50 has the same configuration as the first and second excavation wheels 48 and 49, corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals. The drilling rig 30 includes the drilling head 41 as described above.
Since the digging is performed while displacing downward while rotating the digging surface, the digging surface is inclined. In particular, the inclination of the digging surface 88 of the third and fourth digging wheels 50 and 51 for digging near the central portion is set near the outer peripheral portion. It becomes larger than the excavation surface 87 of the first and second excavation wheels 48 and 49 to be excavated. However, as shown in FIG. 6, the third and fourth excavation wheels 50 and 51 are provided with the rotation axes L2 and L3 substantially horizontally, respectively, and the third and fourth excavation wheels 50 and 51 are respectively provided.
Will be excavated in a substantially upright state. Therefore, the excavation is always performed with the outer peripheral portion only being reliably brought into contact with the ground, thereby reducing the wear of the cutter bit 114.

The third excavating wheel 50 is also similar to the first and second excavating wheels 48 and 49 in the excavating section 100.
The earth and sand excavated by the guide unit 108 and the discharge unit 10
The slurry is sucked from the cover body 104 by the slurry pump 110 through the cover 2 and discharged below the excavation head 41.

Unlike the first to third excavating wheels 48 to 50, the fourth excavating wheel 51 disposed closest to the center is different from the first to third excavating wheels 48 to 50 in that the opening 101 and the guide part 108 of the excavating part 100, the discharging part 102, the cover 104, Slurry pump 11
0 is not provided, and the earth and sand excavated by the excavation unit 100 is directly scraped below the excavation head 41 by the rotation of the fourth excavation wheel 51.

As described above, each of the first to fourth excavating wheels 48
51 are respectively discharged below the excavating head 41 by the slurry pump 110, and the sediment discharged below the excavating head 41 is supplied to the mud discharge pipe 95 of the sediment transferring means having a slurry pump or an air lift pump. And is discharged to an external wastewater treatment facility 35. The slurry pump 110 and the muddy water discharge pipe 95 constitute earth and sand transfer means.

As shown in FIG. 2, the first and second excavating wheels 48, 49 are provided so that their outer peripheral portions are vertically overlapped, and similarly, the third and fourth excavating wheels 50, 51 are provided.
Are also arranged so that the outer peripheral portions overlap each other in front and rear. The third and fourth excavation wheels 50 and 51 are disposed closer to the rotation axis L1 than the excavation paths of the first and second excavation wheels 48 and 49, and are disposed inside the turning arm 47. 49 and the third digging wheel 50 arranged outside the fixed arm 46
The excavation path inside 9 and the excavation path outside the third excavation wheel 50 are arranged so as to overlap each other. In addition, a part of the outer peripheral portion of the fourth excavation wheel 51 exceeds the rotation axis L1. Therefore, when the excavation head 41 rotates around the rotation axis L1, each excavation wheel 48, 51
Thus, the bottom of the shaft 31 can be reliably excavated without leaving any excavation. Further, since the first excavating wheel 48 is provided substantially horizontally instead of standing upright like the third and fourth wheels 50 and 51, the outer peripheral portion does not contact the inner peripheral portion of the caisson frame 32, and the caisson It is possible to excavate immediately below the frame 32 effectively.

The speed at which the excavating head 41 rotates is defined by the first excavating wheel 48 which is provided most radially outward and has the largest amount of excavating per rotation of the excavating head 41. Is selected to be, for example, about 20 to 100 m / min, preferably 30 to 100 m / min.
You can choose about 50m / min.

FIG. 7 is a plan view showing the excavator 30.
Another configuration of the excavator 30 will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

The bearing means 42 has a bearing body 53 and a rotation drive means 55. The bearing body 53 surrounds the upper part of the excavating head 41, and the upper end of the excavating head 41 has a radial bearing 58.
The bearing body 53 is rotatably supported by the bearing body 53 around a rotation axis L1.
Thereby, the excavating head 41 is rotatably supported around the rotation axis L1.

The excavating head 41 is provided at the upper end of the bearing body 53.
Is provided. The rotation drive means 55 includes a rotation drive source 55 such as a hydraulic motor provided at the upper end of the bearing body 53 and a gear 60 fixed to the upper end of the excavation head 41 about the rotation axis L1. Then, a pinion 61 fixed to an output shaft of the rotation drive source 62 meshes with the gear 60, and by rotating this pinion 61, the excavation head 41 is rotated around the rotation axis L1 via the gear 60. be able to.

The fixing means 43 has a fixing frame 40 and a plurality of grippers 68 which are detachably fixed to the caisson frame 32. The fixed frame 40 is substantially formed in a substantially cylindrical shape, and is provided so as to surround the bearing means 42. The fixed frame 40 and the bearing means 4
2, the guide means 44 and the vertical displacement drive means 4
The excavating head 41 is supported by the fixed frame 40 via the bearing means 42 so as to be vertically displaceable by the guide means 44 and the vertical displacement driving means 45. The gripper 68 extends radially outward from the fixed frame 40 about the rotation axis L1. By extending the gripper 68, the fixed frame 40
Is fixed in a state of being pulled on the inner peripheral surface of the.

The fixed frame 40 is suspended from the crane 33 by a plurality of, for example, four wires 73. The four grippers 68 provided on the fixed frame 40 are formed at an angle of 90 ° to each other on the same horizontal plane, and are provided so as to extend radially outward around the rotation axis L1.
The gripper 68 has a built-in hydraulic cylinder 67, which can extend and contract the gripper 68. By extending each gripper 68, the gripper shoe 69 at the tip of the gripper 68 is moved to the inner periphery of the caisson body 32. The excavator 30 is fixed in contact with the surface.
At this time, mechanical or electrical means for adjusting the stroke of each gripper 68 so that the rotation axis L1 of the excavator 30 and the axis of the caisson frame 32 coincide with each other so that the excavator 30 is fixed to the caisson frame 30. May be used. Also, a mechanism for adjusting the vertical position of each gripper 68 is provided, and the direction of the rotation axis L1 of the excavating head 41 is adjusted by adjusting the vertical position of each gripper, whereby the rotation axis L1 is accurately adjusted. The adjustment may be made so as to coincide with the axis of the caisson. The fixing means 43 can be separated from the caisson body 32 by contracting each gripper 68. In this embodiment, four grippers 68 are provided, but it is sufficient that two or more grippers are provided opposing each other with the rotation axis L1 as a center, and preferably three or more grippers are provided.

The guide means 44 for guiding the bearing means 42 up and down with respect to the fixed frame 40 in the direction of the rotation axis L1 is provided with a pair of hinges 72 which form a pair above and below each gripper 68 in the circumferential direction.
Have a pair. Each hinge 72 has one end fixed to the fixed frame 42.
And one hinge piece 70, one end of which is connected to the bearing means 42 so as to be angularly displaceable about the angular displacement axis L5.
The other end of one hinge piece 70 and the other end of the other hinge piece 71 are connected so as to be angularly displaceable about the angular displacement axis L6. Each of the angular displacement axes L4 to L6 is parallel to each other, and intersects perpendicularly to the radial direction about the rotation axis L1. The hinge piece 70 is connected so as to be vertically angularly displaceable about the angular displacement axis L4, so that lateral displacement is prevented. Similarly, the hinge piece 71 and the bearing means 42 and the hinge piece 70 and the hinge piece 71 respectively correspond to the angular displacement axes L5 and L5.
6 are connected so as to be freely displaceable up and down, and angular displacement in the left-right direction is prevented. By providing such hinges 72 at intervals in the circumferential direction, the bearing means 42 is supported by the guide means 44 so as to be displaceable only in the vertical direction along the rotation axis L1. At least two hinges 72 of such a guide means need only be displaced in the circumferential direction, not on the same diameter line. The guide means 44 is not constituted by such a hinge 72, but is provided by the fixed frame 40.
May be provided vertically, and the bearing means 42 may move up and down along the guide rail.

The vertical displacement means 45 comprises a plurality of, in this embodiment four, hydraulic cylinders 64 spaced apart in the circumferential direction as shown in FIG. In each hydraulic cylinder 64, the base end of the cylinder body 65 is connected to the upper end of the fixed frame 40 so as to be angularly displaceable about the angular displacement axis L <b> 7, and the distal end of the cylinder rod 66 is connected to the lower end of the bearing main body 53. It is connected so as to be angularly displaceable about the displacement axis L8. Angular displacement axis L
Reference numerals 7 and L8 are parallel to each other and are provided perpendicular to the radial direction about the rotation axis L1. Such four hydraulic cylinders 64 are provided at an intermediate portion in the circumferential direction of each hinge 72 of the guide means 44 at an angle of 90 ° to each other. By extending each of these hydraulic cylinders 64, the excavating head 41 is guided by the guide means 44 via the bearing means 42 and is driven to be displaced downward. By retracting the hydraulic cylinder 64, the excavation head 41 is driven to be displaced upward.

The excavator 30 is suspended by the crane 33 and lowered. For example, a gripper is provided on the bearing body 53 so that the bearing body 53 can be directly fixed to the caisson frame 32. The drilling head is changed downward in the fixed state, and in this state, the drilling rig 30 is fixed to the caisson body 32 by the gripper of the bearing body 53, and the gripper 68 of the fixed frame 40 is fixed.
Is removed to move the fixed frame 40 downward. Then, the fixed frame 40 is fixed to the caisson body 32 again by the gripper 68 and the gripper of the fixed frame 40 is released. By repeating such an operation, the excavator 30 may move up and down independently of the crane 33.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line VIII-VII of FIG.
It is sectional drawing which shows the state seen from I in a simplified manner. The swing arm 47 is provided so as to be angularly displaceable about an angular displacement axis L10 parallel to the rotation axis L1.
As a result, angular displacement is driven in the direction of an arrow D (counterclockwise in FIG. 8) about the angular displacement axis L10. The turning arm driving means 81 has a hydraulic cylinder 82. The base end of a cylinder body 86 of the hydraulic cylinder 82 is connected to the excavating head 41 so as to be angularly displaceable about an angular displacement axis parallel to the rotation axis L1. One end of the first and second links 83 and 84 connected to the turning arm 47 is connected to the distal end of the piston rod 85 of the cylinder 82 so as to be angularly displaceable about an angular displacement axis parallel to the rotation axis L1. You. The first and second links 83 and 84 have substantially the same length, and the other end of the first link 83 is connected to the swing arm 47 so as to be angularly displaceable about an angular displacement axis parallel to the rotation axis L1. And the second
The link 84 forms an angle of about 60 ° with the first link 83, and the other end thereof is coaxial with the angular displacement axis L10 of the pivot arm 81 so that the other end can freely be angularly displaced about the angular displacement axis L10.
7 is connected. Therefore, by extending the hydraulic cylinder 82, the turning arm 47 can turn in the arrow D direction. By contracting the hydraulic cylinder 82, the turning arm 47 can turn in the direction opposite to the arrow D.

Therefore, when the swivel arm 47 is swung from the position of the swivel arm shown by the solid line in FIG. 8 to the position shown by the phantom line in FIG. 8, the maximum excavation radius of the excavation head 41 becomes the reference numeral E1 in FIG. The diameter is reduced from the indicated length to the length indicated by reference numeral E2. By turning the turning arm 47 in this manner, the maximum digging diameter of the digging head 41 can be adjusted. As shown in FIG. 8, the swing arm 47 is bent at about 30 ° in the direction of arrow D at the center in the length direction. Accordingly, the maximum excavation diameter E2 when the turning arm 47 is turned to the position indicated by the imaginary line can be made smaller than that in the case where the turning arm 47 is not bent.

Since the fixed arm 46 and the swivel arm 47 extend in substantially opposite directions about the rotation axis L1,
When excavating while excavating the excavation head 41 around the rotation axis L1 in the direction of arrow A, the reaction forces received by the fixed arm 46 and the rotation arm 47 are opposite to each other about the rotation axis L1. That is, the reaction forces received by the fixed arm 46 and the turning arm 47 are balanced with each other, and the load on the turning drive source 62 that drives the excavating head 41 to turn is reduced.

Such excavating wheels 48 to 50 can be used not only for a vertical pile excavating apparatus but also for an apparatus for excavating the ground such as a shield excavator.

[0048]

As described above, according to the present invention, when the excavating wheel is rotated by the wheel drive source, the excavated portion is open to the downstream side in the rotation direction, so that the earth and sand excavated by the rotation of the excavating wheel. Scoops efficiently into the opening of the excavation. At the angular position of the excavation wheel where the excavation part contacts the ground and excavates the ground, the opening of the discharge part is covered with a cover body, so the sediment taken in the excavation part guides, discharges and the cover body The water is sucked by the earth and sand transferring means and discharged to a predetermined discharge position. On this occasion,
Since the guide portion is provided from the excavation portion to the discharge portion provided on the rotation direction upstream side of the excavation portion, the excavated earth and sand is effectively guided to the discharge portion by the pushing force due to the rotation of the excavation wheel.

As described above, since the excavation wheel sucks the excavated earth and sand immediately after excavating the ground, it is possible to prevent the excavated earth and sand from coming into contact with the excavation wheel again.

Since the excavating wheel rotates to excavate and take in earth and sand at the excavation portion, the earth and sand are prevented from being diffused, and the earth and sand is efficiently sucked and transferred without sucking a large amount of water. Can improve the efficiency of earth and sand discharge. Also, since the cover body covers the opening of the discharge unit at the angular position of the excavation wheel excavated by the excavation unit,
At the angular position of the wheel where the excavation part does not excavate, it is not sucked from the opening of the excavation part, and it is possible to prevent a large amount of only water from being sucked.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a state where a shaft 31 is excavated by an open caisson method using an excavator 30 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the excavator 30.

3 is a plan view showing the vicinity of a first excavation wheel 48. FIG.

4 is a front view showing the vicinity of a first excavation wheel 48. FIG.

FIG. 5 is a simplified cross-sectional view showing a state viewed from a section line VV in FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is a simplified cross-sectional view showing a state viewed from a section line VI-VI in FIG. 2;

FIG. 7 is a plan view showing the excavator 30.

FIG. 8 is a simplified cross-sectional view showing a state viewed from a cutting plane line VIII-VIII in FIG. 2;

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing an excavator 1 according to a first related art.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of a drilling apparatus 10 according to a second conventional technique.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 30 excavator 31 shaft 32 caisson frame 33 crane 35 drainage treatment equipment 40 fixed frame 41 excavating head 42 bearing means 43 fixing means 44 guide means 45 vertical displacement driving means 46 fixed arm 47 turning arm 48 first excavating wheel 49 second excavating wheel Reference Signs List 50 third excavation wheel 51 fourth excavation wheel 55 rotation drive means 56, 57 wheel drive source 62 rotation drive source 81 turning arm drive means 100 excavation unit 101, 103, 105 opening 102 discharge unit 104 cover body 108 guide unit 110 slurry Pump 114 cutter bit

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An excavating part that opens toward the downstream side in the rotation direction and excavates the ground in contact with the ground, and a discharge part that opens on the upstream side in the rotation direction from the excavation part and discharges excavated earth and sand. An excavating wheel provided from the excavating section to the discharging section, the excavating wheel having a guide section for guiding earth and sand from the excavating section to the discharging section by a pushing force due to rotation; a wheel drive source for rotating and driving the excavating wheel; A cover body that covers the opening of the discharge unit at an angular position of the excavating wheel that abuts on the excavating wheel, and a sediment transporting unit that guides a suction force to a space in the cover body and transports the sucked soil to a predetermined discharge position. Drilling rig featured.