JPH1171159A - Reinforced cement composition - Google Patents
Reinforced cement compositionInfo
- Publication number
- JPH1171159A JPH1171159A JP10095122A JP9512298A JPH1171159A JP H1171159 A JPH1171159 A JP H1171159A JP 10095122 A JP10095122 A JP 10095122A JP 9512298 A JP9512298 A JP 9512298A JP H1171159 A JPH1171159 A JP H1171159A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- particles
- cement
- water
- fine
- resin emulsion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/0045—Polymers chosen for their physico-chemical characteristics
- C04B2103/0053—Water-soluble polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/0075—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for road construction
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、食品飲料用並びに建材
等に用いられ利用価値を失ったガラス屑廃材を再活用
し、高強度ポリマーセメント固化体を得る強化セメント
に関するものである。さらに詳しくは、ガラス屑廃材を
粉砕して微細ガラス粉粒とし、これを天然ケイ酸塩鉱物
の微細粉粒と共に水硬性セメントの強化骨材として用い
ることにより、高強度ポリマーセメント固化体が得ら
れ、多量の微細ガラス粉粒を骨材として用いた場合でも
道路、建築等の材料に利用可能な強化セメント組成物に
関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a reinforced cement for recycling high-strength polymer cement solidified by recycling waste glass waste used for foods and beverages, building materials and the like, which has lost its utility value. More specifically, a high-strength polymer cement solidified product can be obtained by crushing waste glass waste into fine glass particles and using it together with fine particles of natural silicate minerals as reinforcing aggregate for hydraulic cement. The present invention relates to a reinforced cement composition that can be used for roads, buildings, and other materials even when a large amount of fine glass particles are used as aggregate.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来技術】主に家庭用食品、飲料容器として用いられ
た使用後のガラス屑廃材は、回収、集積場所の確保が困
難になっており、国、自治体ともその再利用が急務とな
っている。現在、ガラス屑廃材の処理方法および再利用
の手段としては、産業廃棄物に山砂と硬化剤、アスファ
ルト、セメント等と共に混合して、固化物として採掘場
跡地の埋立（特開平５−１５４４５８号）を試みたり、
あるいはガラスビーズ入りコンクリートとして、構造物
の光の反射板増強材としての利用（特開平６−３４０４
５８号）が提案されている。特開平６−３４０４５８号
公報は、セメント、砂、砂利混合の生コンクリートの中
にガラスビーズを全体比の３〜５％程度混合せしめた構
造物の反射と強度の強化に関するものである。この提案
は、ガラスの混入割合がコンクリート全体比の３〜５％
程度と低く、ガラス廃材の再利用の面では有効ではある
が、ガラス混入量が少量であるために、ガラス廃材多量
活用の面では効果が小さい。2. Description of the Related Art It has become difficult to collect and secure a collection place of used glass waste materials mainly used for household food and beverage containers, and it is urgently necessary to reuse the waste materials at the national and local governments. . At present, as a method of treating and recycling waste glass waste, industrial waste is mixed with mountain sand, a hardening agent, asphalt, cement, and the like, and the solidified product is landfilled at the site of the mining site (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-154458). )
Alternatively, it is used as a concrete containing glass beads and used as a light reflector enhancing material for a structure (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-3404).
No. 58) has been proposed. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-340458 relates to enhancement of the reflection and strength of a structure in which glass beads are mixed in a ready-mixed concrete of cement, sand and gravel in an amount of about 3 to 5% of the total ratio. This proposal suggests that the mixing ratio of glass is 3-5% of the total concrete.
Although it is as low as possible, it is effective in recycling glass waste material, but the effect is small in terms of large use of glass waste material because the amount of mixed glass is small.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本来、ガラス屑を水硬
性セメントに混入すると、強度低下をきたすとの欠点が
あり、ガラス廃材をコンクリート固化体の骨材として多
量に再活用できない。Originally, if glass dust is mixed with hydraulic cement, there is a disadvantage that the strength is reduced, and glass waste cannot be reused in a large amount as aggregate of solidified concrete.
【０００４】本発明では、ガラス屑廃材を微細ガラス粉
粒とし、天然ケイ酸塩鉱物の微細粉粒と共に水硬性セメ
ントの強化骨材として用い、水溶性合成樹脂エマルジョ
ンと混合することにより、多量の微細ガラス粉粒を骨材
として用いた場合でも極めて強度の高いポリマーセメン
ト固化体となることを見いだした。[0004] In the present invention, a large amount of waste glass waste is made into fine glass particles, used together with fine particles of natural silicate minerals as a reinforcing aggregate of hydraulic cement, and mixed with a water-soluble synthetic resin emulsion. It has been found that even when fine glass particles are used as an aggregate, a solidified polymer cement having extremely high strength can be obtained.
【０００５】すなわち、天然ケイ酸塩鉱物である鉄電気
石［ＮａＦｅ３Ａｌ６Ｂ３Ｓｉ６（ＯＨ）３０］および
ザクロ石［Ｆｅ３Ａｌ２（ＳｉＯ４）３］はそれぞれ二
極性結晶体であるため、粉砕した微細粉が独立した二極
性結晶体を有し、これが水と接触するとき天然ケイ酸塩
鉱物のもつ電気特性により水を電気分解し、水が水素イ
オン（Ｈ＋）と水酸イオン（ＯＨ−）に分解する。その
際、プラスイオン（Ｈ＋）はイオン移動度が大きいた
め、水素ガス（Ｈ２）として放出されるが、水酸イオン
（ＯＨ−）は周囲の水分子（Ｈ２Ｏ）と結合し［Ｈ２Ｏ
＋ＯＨ−＝（Ｈ３Ｏ２）−］、ヒドロキシルイオン（Ｈ
３Ｏ２）−と呼ばれる界面活性物質に変化し、界面活性
効果を発生することがわかっている。That is, tourmaline [NaFe 3 Al 6 B 3 Si 6 (OH) 30 ] and garnet [Fe 3 Al 2 (SiO 4 ) 3 ], which are natural silicate minerals, are each bipolar crystals. Because of this, the crushed fine powder has independent bipolar crystals, which when contacted with water, electrolyzes water due to the electrical properties of the natural silicate mineral, and the water is converted into hydrogen ions (H + ) and water. Decomposes into acid ions (OH − ). At that time, the positive ions (H + ) are released as hydrogen gas (H 2 ) because of their high ion mobility, but the hydroxyl ions (OH − ) combine with surrounding water molecules (H 2 O) [ H 2 O
+ OH − = (H 3 O 2 ) − ], hydroxyl ion (H
It has been found that the substance changes into a surfactant called 3 O 2 ) - , which causes a surfactant effect.
【０００６】本発明においてはこの特性を利用し、水硬
性セメントに強化骨材として、天然ケイ酸塩鉱物の微細
粉粒と微細ガラス粉粒を用い水溶性合成樹脂エマルジョ
ンと混合すると、この水溶性合成樹脂エマルジョンの界
面活性効果が促進され、その結果、水硬性セメントと樹
脂成分との親和力が高まり、さらには微細ガラス粉粒の
粒子界面のぬれ性が向上される等の相乗効果により、骨
材として多量の微細ガラス粉粒を添加した場合でも、極
めて高強度のポリマーセメント固化体が得られることが
わかった。これまで、ガラス屑を水硬性セメントに混入
すると固化体の強度低下が見られたが、水硬性セメント
の骨材として添加した天然ケイ酸塩鉱物の極微細粒子と
水溶性合成樹脂エマルジョンの相乗効果を活かしたガラ
ス廃材の多量活用の可能性のあることがわかり、本発明
を完成するに至った。In the present invention, utilizing this property, when a fine particle and a fine glass particle of a natural silicate mineral are used as a reinforcing aggregate in a hydraulic cement and mixed with a water-soluble synthetic resin emulsion, The surface active effect of the synthetic resin emulsion is promoted, and as a result, the affinity between the hydraulic cement and the resin component is increased, and further, the wettability of the particle interface of the fine glass powder particles is improved, and the aggregate effect is improved. It was found that even when a large amount of fine glass particles were added, an extremely high-strength solidified polymer cement could be obtained. Until now, when glass swarf was mixed with hydraulic cement, the strength of the solidified body was reduced.However, the synergistic effect of ultra-fine particles of natural silicate mineral added as aggregate of hydraulic cement and water-soluble synthetic resin emulsion It was found that there is a possibility of utilizing a large amount of glass waste material utilizing the above, and the present invention has been completed.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明の水硬性セメント
としては、普通ポルトランドセメント、早強セメント、
ホワイトセメント、アルミナセメントのいずれでもよい
が、本発明では、ホワイトセメントを用いた。天然ケイ
酸塩鉱石の微細粉粒の粉砕と、ガラス屑廃材の微細ガラ
ス粉粒の粉砕は、回転叩解式粉砕機により粉砕した。微
細ガラス粉粒の粒度は１５０μｍ〜３ｍｍ程度でよい。
また天然ケイ酸塩鉱石の微細粉粒の粒度は５μｍ〜２５
０μｍ程度でよい。水溶性合成樹脂エマルジョンとして
は、酢酸ビニール系エマルジョン、酢酸ビニール・アク
リル共重合樹脂エマルジョン、酢酸ビニール・エチレン
共重合樹脂エマルジョン、アクリル系共重合樹脂エマル
ジョン、アクリル・スチレン共重合樹脂エマルジョンが
用いられる他、これらのパウダーを水硬性セメント、天
然ケイ酸塩鉱石の微細粉粒、微細ガラス粉粒と共に混合
した混合物を適量の水を添加して、セメント−水溶性合
成樹脂エマルジョンとして調整することができる。本発
明では、水溶性合成樹脂エマルジョンとして、酢酸ビニ
ル・エチレン・塩化ビニル共重合樹脂、アクリル共重合
樹脂を水に溶かし２０〜４０重量％の水溶液を用いた。The hydraulic cement of the present invention includes ordinary Portland cement, early-strength cement,
Either white cement or alumina cement may be used, but in the present invention, white cement was used. The pulverization of the fine particles of the natural silicate ore and the pulverization of the fine glass particles of the waste glass waste were pulverized by a rotary beating pulverizer. The particle size of the fine glass particles may be about 150 μm to 3 mm.
The particle size of the fine particles of the natural silicate ore is 5 μm to 25 μm.
It may be about 0 μm. Examples of the water-soluble synthetic resin emulsion include a vinyl acetate emulsion, a vinyl acetate / acryl copolymer resin emulsion, a vinyl acetate / ethylene copolymer resin emulsion, an acrylic copolymer resin emulsion, and an acrylic / styrene copolymer resin emulsion. A mixture obtained by mixing these powders with hydraulic cement, fine particles of natural silicate ore, or fine glass particles can be added to a proper amount of water to prepare a cement-water-soluble synthetic resin emulsion. In the present invention, as a water-soluble synthetic resin emulsion, a 20 to 40% by weight aqueous solution obtained by dissolving a vinyl acetate / ethylene / vinyl chloride copolymer resin and an acrylic copolymer resin in water was used.
【０００８】また、本発明のコンクリート固化体は、天
然ケイ酸塩鉱物の微細粉粒１０〜９０重量部、微細ガラ
ス粉粒２０〜１８０重量部、ホワイトセメント１０〜９
０重量部に対し、水溶性合成樹脂エマルジョン２０〜５
０重量部を混合することで強化セメント組成物を得るも
のである。水溶性合成樹脂エマルジョンは、２０〜５０
重量部の範囲内であればよいが、好ましくは４３重量部
とするとよい。以下実施例によりさらに詳しく説明す
る。The solidified concrete of the present invention comprises 10 to 90 parts by weight of fine particles of natural silicate mineral, 20 to 180 parts by weight of fine glass particles, and 10 to 9 parts of white cement.
Water-soluble synthetic resin emulsion 20 to 5 parts by weight
By mixing 0 parts by weight, a reinforced cement composition is obtained. The water-soluble synthetic resin emulsion is 20 to 50
It may be within the range of parts by weight, but preferably 43 parts by weight. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.
【０００９】[0009]
【実施例１】水硬性セメント（ホワイトセメント）７０
重量部、強化骨材として天然ケイ酸塩鉱石の微細粉粒
（鉄電気石）７０重量部、微細ガラス粉粒６０重量部を
水溶性合成樹脂エマルジョンとして酢酸ビニル・エチレ
ン・塩化ビニル共重合樹脂（３０重量％）４３重量部と
混合してクリーム状とした後、金属製型枠に流し込ん
だ。固化脱型し、養生１４日後に強度試験をおこなっ
た。比較例として、天然ケイ酸塩鉱石の代わりに天然砂
を用いた場合の強度試験結果を併記する。圧縮強度試験
はＪＩＳ Ｒ−５２０１、曲げ強度試験はＪＩＳ Ａ−
１４０８に準じた。その結果、圧縮強度６８５Ｋｇｆ／
ｃｍ２、曲げ強度１７１Ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２を得た。天然ケ
イ酸塩鉱石の代わりに天然砂を用いた比較試験の値は、
圧縮強度２８３Ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２、曲げ強度９５Ｋｇｆ／
ｃｍ２であった。Embodiment 1 Hydraulic cement (white cement) 70
Parts by weight, 70 parts by weight of fine particles of natural silicate ore (iron tourmaline) as reinforcing aggregate, and 60 parts by weight of fine glass particles are used as a water-soluble synthetic resin emulsion of vinyl acetate / ethylene / vinyl chloride copolymer resin ( (30% by weight) and mixed with 43 parts by weight to form a cream, and then poured into a metal mold. After solidification and demolding, a strength test was conducted 14 days after curing. As a comparative example, a strength test result when natural sand is used instead of natural silicate ore is also described. JIS R-5201 for compressive strength test and JIS A- for flexural strength test
1408. As a result, the compressive strength was 685 kgf /
cm 2 and a flexural strength of 171 kgf / cm 2 . The value of the comparative test using natural sand instead of natural silicate ore
Compressive strength 283Kgf / cm 2 , Flexural strength 95Kgf /
cm 2 .
【００１０】[0010]
【実施例２】実施例１に従い、水溶性合成樹脂エマルジ
ョンにはアクリル共重合樹脂（３０重量％）と天然ケイ
酸塩鉱石の微細粉粒にザクロ石を用いた場合の、微細ガ
ラス粉粒の混入量のちがいにより得られた固化体の強度
試験を実施した。ガラス粉粒添加量と圧縮並びに曲げ強
度の関係を表１に示す。Example 2 According to Example 1, a water-soluble synthetic resin emulsion was prepared by using an acrylic copolymer resin (30% by weight) and a natural silicate ore. A strength test was performed on the solidified body obtained depending on the mixing amount. Table 1 shows the relationship between the amount of glass powder added and the compression and bending strengths.
【００１１】[0011]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００１２】[0012]
１）水硬性セメントに強化骨材として天然ケイ酸塩鉱物
とガラス粉粒を用い、水溶性合成樹脂エマルジョンと混
合することで高強度ポリマーセメント固化体を得ること
ができた。 ２）多量にガラス粉粒を含んだ試料ＮＯ．１−６に於い
ては、微細な空隙が多数存在しつつも使用に耐えうる程
度の強度が確保できている。用途として、水の浸透性に
すぐれていることから歩道用の敷石等に最適である。 ３）その結果、多量のガラス粉粒を骨材として再活用で
きる道が開けたことにより、ガラス廃材の多量活用が可
能となった。1) A high-strength solidified polymer cement was obtained by mixing a water-soluble synthetic resin emulsion with a natural silicate mineral and glass powder as a reinforcing aggregate in a hydraulic cement. 2) Sample NO. In the case of 1-6, it is possible to secure enough strength to withstand use even though there are many fine voids. It is most suitable for paving stones for sidewalks because of its excellent water permeability. 3) As a result, a way was opened for reusing a large amount of glass particles as aggregate, which enabled large use of glass waste.
Claims (2)
イ酸塩鉱物の微細粉粒、微細ガラス粉粒を用い、水溶性
合成樹脂エマルジョンと混合して高強度ポリマーセメン
ト固化体となる強化セメント組成物。1. A reinforced cement which becomes a solidified high-strength polymer cement by mixing fine particles or fine glass particles of a natural silicate mineral as a reinforcing aggregate in a hydraulic cement and mixing with a water-soluble synthetic resin emulsion. Composition.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1095122A JP2853087B1 (en) | 1997-06-17 | 1998-03-04 | Reinforced cement composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9-196330 | 1997-06-17 | ||
| JP19633097 | 1997-06-17 | ||
| JP1095122A JP2853087B1 (en) | 1997-06-17 | 1998-03-04 | Reinforced cement composition |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2853087B1 JP2853087B1 (en) | 1999-02-03 |
| JPH1171159A true JPH1171159A (en) | 1999-03-16 |
Family
ID=26436408
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1095122A Expired - Fee Related JP2853087B1 (en) | 1997-06-17 | 1998-03-04 | Reinforced cement composition |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2853087B1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001316556A (en) * | 2000-05-10 | 2001-11-16 | Shigeaki Shinpo | Composite acrylic resin composition |
| WO2002102737A1 (en) * | 2000-05-10 | 2002-12-27 | Hi-Bx Co., Ltd | Composite acrylic resin composition |
-
1998
- 1998-03-04 JP JP1095122A patent/JP2853087B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001316556A (en) * | 2000-05-10 | 2001-11-16 | Shigeaki Shinpo | Composite acrylic resin composition |
| WO2002102737A1 (en) * | 2000-05-10 | 2002-12-27 | Hi-Bx Co., Ltd | Composite acrylic resin composition |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2853087B1 (en) | 1999-02-03 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA2352926C (en) | Binder for mine tailings | |
| JP3582263B2 (en) | Hydrated product using steelmaking slag | |
| CN105753411B (en) | The method that regeneration concrete is prepared using waste concrete as raw material wet-grinding technology and relative device | |
| KR101256834B1 (en) | Geopolymeric concrete and manufacturing method for eco-friendly non-cement of new construction materials using recycled aggregate from waste of constrcution | |
| CN112142406A (en) | Soil curing agent for high-flow solidified soil | |
| Justnes et al. | Mechanism for performance of energetically modified cement versus corresponding blended cement | |
| CN102634343B (en) | Mineral slag based soil stabilizer and preparation method and application thereof | |
| JP2858003B1 (en) | High-strength glass polymer cement solidifying material and method for producing the same | |
| JP2853087B1 (en) | Reinforced cement composition | |
| KR100886726B1 (en) | High-strength ultrafine cement, early-strength admixture, and grout for reinforcement of ground using those | |
| CN116253543A (en) | Concrete containing recycled concrete aggregate and wood fiber aggregate | |
| JPH10259042A (en) | Cement-based injection material | |
| JPH02160895A (en) | Foundation conditioner | |
| JP3575561B2 (en) | Ground consolidated material | |
| JP3565062B2 (en) | Hardened body using steelmaking slag | |
| KR100528539B1 (en) | Process for the conversion of iron bearing residues into a synthetic rock | |
| KR100407119B1 (en) | The method of constructing the surface layer of road by soil cement | |
| Renuka et al. | The partial replacement of fine aggregate by glass powder | |
| JP3242623B2 (en) | Wall structure | |
| JPH0680449A (en) | Production of concrete product having abrasion resistance and ultrahigh strength | |
| JP2001039746A (en) | Cement admixture, cement composition containing the same and concrete using the same composition | |
| CN115521092B (en) | Drainage asphalt mixture and preparation method thereof | |
| JP3310944B2 (en) | Floor structure | |
| JP2858004B1 (en) | High strength polymer cement composition | |
| JPH0686318B2 (en) | Hydraulic paving material |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20071120 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20081120 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20081120 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20091120 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20101120 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20101120 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20111120 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20111120 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121120 Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121120 Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20131120 Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |