JPH1166462A - House - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a house where the input/output of the indoor and outdoor heat is minimized, the heating/cooling efficiency and the durability are improved, and the barmful compounds that adversely affect the human health are detected to quickly give a warning to the dwellers against a high-airtight structure of the house. SOLUTION: The adiabatic airtight layers are added to the outer wall and also the roof to prevent the input/output of indoor and outdoor heat of a house A, and a heat exchanger C is prepared in an attic space 1 or a space 3 under the floor. Thus, the indoor and outdoor air of the house are inputted and outputted via the exchanger C to attain ventilation for the house with no deterioration of the energy efficiency and also to prevent dew condensation. As a result, the house durability is improved. At the same time, a sensor is placed at least at a part in the house to detect the hazardous chemical materials contained in the air together with a warning device which produces a warning based on the signal received from the sensor. If a hazardous chemical material exceeds a fixed level, a warning is quickly given to the dwellers of the house to urge them to perform ventilation and also to show a necessary level of ventilation. Thus, it's possible to consider the health of dwellers of the house while saving the house energy.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention minimizes the inflow and outflow of heat inside and outside a house, efficiently heats and cools the house, and increases the durability of the house. The present invention relates to a house that can detect harmful compounds that have an adverse effect on the human body, such as VOCs, pesticide-based preservatives, insect repellents, termite pesticides, etc., and can promptly alert and alert residents.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional house, a livability has been improved by arranging a heat insulating material on a wall or the like and making it airtight. At present, when energy conservation is called out, air-tight layers and heat-insulating layers are placed on the outer walls and roofs, aluminum and resin are used for the openings, and sashes made of double-glazed glass are used. Airtight houses are becoming common, and energy-saving houses with low heat loss rates are becoming more common.
When a house with high heat insulation and high airtightness is used as described above, the outside air and the inside air inside the house are shut off by the airtight layer, so that ventilation between the outside air and the inside air must be performed systematically. However, only insulation and air-tightness were considered important, and unbalanced houses were being constructed without regard to ventilation.

[0003]

However, in such a house, the moisture generated from the main pillars, studs, etc., and the moisture generated from the occupants and heaters in the living space, are generated in the back space of the hut and in the wall. There was a disadvantage of dew condensation and damage to the house and durability. In recent years, indoor air pollution in houses has become a social problem. In other words, various adhesives used for building components of houses, harmful compounds discharged over time from preservatives, insect repellents, termite repellents, etc., which are pre-treated on wood, are converted into highly airtight indoor air. There has been a problem that the stagnation occurs and the resident's brain, nervous system, respiratory system, and immune system are damaged without being ventilated.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention forms a heat-insulating airtight layer on an outer wall and a roof to prevent heat from flowing in and out of a house.
By installing a heat exchanger in the space behind the hut or the space under the floor, and sucking and exhausting air inside and outside the house through the heat exchanger,
Ventilation is performed without impairing thermal efficiency to prevent condensation and improve durability, and at least one place in the house,
A sensor that detects harmful chemicals contained in the air,
By providing a house equipped with a warning and alarm device that warns and warns based on signals from sensors, when a harmful chemical substance in the air exceeds a certain value, the resident is immediately warned and warned of that fact. It promotes ventilation and teaches the required amount of ventilation, and proposes a house that considers the health of residents while maintaining energy saving.

[0005]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a house according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. 1 and 2 show the house A.
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a typical example of a house, 1 is a space behind a cabin, 2 is a living space, 3 is a floor space, and is an internal space of a house A divided by a ceiling 4 and a floor 5, respectively.

Reference numeral 6 denotes a roof heat-insulating airtight layer, and 7 denotes an outer wall heat-insulating airtight layer, which blocks at least the inside and outside of the house A from entering and exiting air and heat. It has fireproof and moistureproof properties. More specifically, the roof heat-insulating and air-tight layer 6 and the outer wall heat-insulating and air-tight layer 7 are each in the form of a board, mat, or sheet, or are integrated with a roof material or an outer wall material.

Examples of the former are polystyrene boards,
Polyurethane board, polyisocyanurate foam board, sheathing board, sheathing insulation board, wood chip cement board, wood wool cement board, glass wool mat, etc., or a composite board thereof, etc. The roof, metal panels, tiles, ceramic panels, AL
An outer wall is formed by disposing a C plate or the like.

[0008] Examples of the latter include a panel in which a front surface material, a heat insulating core material and, if necessary, a back surface material are integrally formed.
An ALC exterior panel, a wood chip cement panel, a wood wool cement panel, or the like is used to form a roof heat-insulating airtight layer 6 and an outer wall heat-insulating airtight layer 7 by disposing them on a main body such as a main pillar or a stud.

Further, the roof heat-insulating airtight layer 6 and the outer wall heat-insulating airtight layer 7 may be of an in-situ foaming type formed by directly blowing a synthetic resin foam material at a construction site. That is, the in-situ foaming type is made of a hard urethane foam, a phenol polyol + isocyanate + a flame retardant (phenol urethane), etc. which has passed the second and third flame retardant (JIS-A-1321). .

The house A shown in FIG. 1 is a house A having a general wooden frame structure. In addition, a house A having a panel structure, a two-by-four (2 × 4) structure, a prefabricated structure, a steel house structure, etc. House A. The arrangement of the roof heat-insulating airtight layer 6 and the outer wall heat-insulating airtight layer 7 also shows an example of a general external heat-insulating structure. The space created by the thickness of the skeleton such as rafters may be filled with a heat-insulating airtight material to form the roof heat-insulating airtight layer 6 and the outer wall heat-insulating airtight layer 7.

In the living space 2, a detection / warning unit B incorporating a sensor for detecting harmful chemical substances contained in the air and a warning / warning device 16 for giving a warning / warning based on a signal from the sensor is provided. Is what is being done.
The detection warning unit B is provided at an arbitrary position on the ceiling 4, the floor 5, and the inner wall 8 in the living space 2.

The sensors constituting the detection / warning unit B detect and qualitatively and quantitatively detect various harmful chemical substances contained in the air in the living space 2.
It is composed of at least one of a chromatography device (gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, column chromatography, thin layer chromatography), a nuclear magnetic resonance device, an ion exchange resin device and the like.

The sensor sends a signal to the warning / alarm device 16 when a predetermined harmful chemical substance is detected in a certain amount. When receiving a signal from the sensor, the warning / alarm device 16 displays a warning, a warning, and a danger to the occupant by means of a display display, a warning, an alarm, an audio signal, or the like, and displays a danger, and prompts ventilation. -It does not adversely affect the nervous system, respiratory system and immune system, and prevents sick building syndrome.

The harmful chemicals include those used in the manufacture of building components, formaldehyde and VOCs (volatile organic compounds) that are discharged over time from furniture, daily necessities, etc., and pesticide preservatives, insect repellents, termites. And pesticides. More specifically, formaldehyde contained in adhesives for laminated wood, plywood, wallpaper, carpet and the like. Toluene, xylene, trimethylbenzene, nonane, decane, acetone, ISO-propyl alcohol, n-butanol, and butyl acetate contained in solvents for paints, aqueous varnishes and lacquers. Phthalates (DB) contained in plasticizer of vinyl cloth
P, DOP), tricresyl phosphate (TCP). Phosphoric triesters (TB) contained in flame retardants for wallpaper
C, TCEP). Methyl acetate contained in woodworking adhesives,
Vinyl acetate, ethyl acetate. Ethyl toluene contained in floor wax.

Naphthalene, fenthion, fenitrothion (Sumithion) and diazinon contained in the insect repellent for tatami mats. Chlorpyrphos, S-421, Foxime contained in wood and soil termiticides.

Further, DDT contained in organochlorine pesticides,
BHC, dieldrin, chlordane, lindane, mannock, endrin, PCP. Selesan lime and alkylmercury contained in organic mercury pesticides. Zineb, Maneb wettable powder, dicrontiuram, ziram contained in organic sulfur-based pesticides. Parathion, phoxim, contained in organophosphorus pesticides
Chlorpyrifos, pyridafenthion, tetrachlorvinphos, fenitrothion (MEP), propenaphos, diazinon, MPP (fenthion).

Sampras, IF-1000 contained in organic halogen-based pesticides. Tris contained in organotin pesticides
n-butyl, tin phthalate. Aresulin, permethrin, and tralomethrin, which are contained in viresroid pesticides. Propoxur and basser contained in carbide pesticides. Tripropyl isocyanurate contained in triazine pesticides, and monochloronaphthalene contained in naphthalene pesticides. Creosote contained in tar pesticides. Other examples include dioxins generated when organic substances are burned.

Reference numeral C denotes a heat exchanger which is disposed in the back space 1 or the underfloor space 3 to exchange and ventilate the air and outside air in the house A with less heat flow. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, when the heat exchanger C is disposed in the cabin back space 1, the heat exchanger C takes in outside air through an air supply duct 8 and discharges inside air through an exhaust duct 9. ,
The heat exchange is performed when the inside and outside air is sucked and exhausted.

For this reason, the moisture generated inside the house A is released to the outside, so that dew condensation can be prevented. In addition, harmful chemical substances generated inside the house A are also released to the outside, and the house is considered to be healthy.

Further, in the figure, a space 11 is formed between the inner wall 10 and the outer wall heat-insulating and airtight layer 7 so that a space is formed between the inner wall 10 and the inner wall 10 and the space 11 inside the wall and the space 3 below the floor are connected. Thus, no matter where the heat exchanger C is installed in the house, the space 1 behind the hut and the space 1
1, and all the air in the underfloor space 3 is to be ventilated. In addition, it is preferable that the outer wall heat insulating layer 7 is disposed even on the surface of the base β in order to improve heat insulation and airtightness. Note that the arrows in FIGS. 1 and 2 indicate the flow of air.

FIGS. 3 and 4 are explanatory diagrams showing examples of the heat exchanger C. FIG. That is, the heat exchanger C shown in FIG. 3 is a stationary heat exchanger C, and exchanges heat while the supply air and the exhaust air intersect at right angles in such a manner that the partition plate 13 is backed between the orthogonal fins 12. Things. In addition, if the elements of the partition plate 13 are made to be moisture permeable, they also exchange steam (latent heat), so that total heat exchange is performed, and if they are made impermeable to moisture, sensible heat exchange is performed.

The heat exchanger C shown in FIG. 4 is a rotary heat exchanger C. As shown in FIG.
The rotor 14 having a laminated honeycomb structure rotates at a speed of about 8 revolutions per minute, and the rotor 14 exchanges heat and humidity in a form that receives heat and humidity in an exhaust part and transfers it in an air supply part. . Of course, if the rotor 14 is made to be moisture permeable, it also exchanges water vapor (latent heat) to perform total heat exchange, and if it is made to be moisture impermeable, it becomes sensible heat exchange.

What has been described above is one embodiment of the house A according to the present invention, and a house A as shown in FIGS. 5 to 11 may be used. That is, the house A shown in FIG. 5 is an example of the house A in which the air supply duct 8 and the exhaust duct 9 extending from the heat exchanger C are formed on the facing wall surfaces of the wife, respectively, and the ventilation efficiency is improved. FIG. 6 shows the underfloor space 2.
FIG. 7 shows an example of a house A in which a heat exchanger C is arranged in the space 11 in the wall.

A house A shown in FIG.
This is an example of a house A in which a sensor 15 and a warning / alarm device 16 are separated from each other, and signals are exchanged between the sensor 15 and the warning / alarm device 16 using a lead wire or a radio wave (not shown).

FIG. 9 shows a sensor A in which a sensor 15 is arranged at one or more of the space behind the hut 1, the space under the floor 3, and the space 11 in the wall, and a house A capable of detecting harmful chemical substances in a space other than the living space 2. This is an example.

FIG. 10 shows a structure in which a roof insulating airtight layer 6 similar to the roof heat insulating airtight layer 6 and the outer wall heat insulating airtight layer 7 is installed between the foundations β on the ground α (soil) of the underfloor space 3. This is an example of a house A with further improved properties.

FIG. 11 shows an exhaust port 18 on the ceiling 4 of the living space 3.
And the air supply port 19 is formed in the floor 5 or the lower part of the window D, so that the air in the underfloor space 3 can be taken into the living space 2 and the air in the living space 2 can be exhausted to the back space 1 of the hut. A is an example. In addition, it is needless to say that a house A in which these configurations are combined can also be provided.

[0028]

As described above, according to the house according to the present invention, since the inside of the house can be ventilated without involving the entrance and exit of heat, cooling and heating can be performed efficiently. Since moisture is released to the outside, dew condensation is prevented, and durability is greatly improved. By installing a sensor that detects harmful chemicals contained in the air inside the house and a warning and alarm device that warns and warns based on signals from the sensor, when the harmful chemicals in the air exceeds a certain value Promptly alerts and alerts residents to that effect,
Along with encouraging ventilation, it provides guidance on the required amount of ventilation, and it is possible to create a house that considers the health of residents while maintaining energy conservation. There are features and effects such as.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a typical example of a house according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing another example of a house according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing another example of the heat exchanger.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing another example of the heat exchanger.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing another example of a house according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing another example of a house according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing another example of a house according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing another example of a house according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing another example of a house according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing another example of a house according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing another example of a house according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List A House B Detection / warning unit C Heat exchanger D Window α Ground β Foundation 1 Space behind hut 2 Living space 3 Underfloor space 4 Ceiling 5 Floor 6 Roof heat-insulated airtight layer 7 Outer wall heat-insulated airtight layer 8 Air supply duct 9 Exhaust duct 10 Inner wall 11 Wall space 12 Fin 13 Partition plate 14 Rotor 15 Sensor 16 Warning / alarm device 17 Insulated airtight layer between soil 18 Exhaust port 19 Supply port

Claims (1)

[Claims] In a house having at least a back space, a living space, and an underfloor space, a heat-insulating airtight layer is formed on an outer wall and a roof, and a heat exchanger is disposed in the back space or underfloor space. A house provided with a sensor for detecting harmful chemical substances contained in air and a warning / alarm device for giving a warning / warning by a signal from the sensor at one place in the house.