JPH1152485A - Display device for picture - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide the display device of a virtual environmental video using a concave mirror so that a virtual image can be observed in the state that the distortion is reduced and with high presence. SOLUTION: This display device is constituted so that a ring-like concave mirror consisting of one part of a spherical surface as the radius of curvature is R2 is used, a ring-like original picture being made as an object to be displayed is enlarged and reflected and a virtual image formed on an image surface is made into a display picture. When the shortest distance between the installing position of the original picture 12 of being made as the object to be displayed and the reflection surface of the concave mirror 1 is defined as αR2, the value of α is set within the range of 0.35<=α<=0.45. Thus, the powerful virtual image in the state that the visual field margin is sufficient, the high presence is obtained and the distortion is reduced, can be recognized on an image surface 15 by plural observers riding in a car.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an image for enabling a plurality of observers to observe a virtual environment image having a high sense of reality in the field of bodily sensation games, simulators and other virtual environment images. Related to a display device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A still image or moving image presentation, a game machine, various simulators, and other images displayed for various purposes can be provided to a viewer of the image with high realism. Various display means have been proposed as display means for displaying images. By the way, since the outdoor scenery is generally in a range of several meters to several hundred meters from the observer, when trying to display the outdoor scenery described above, observe a large display capable of displaying a large screen. It is difficult to obtain a high sense of realism and a feeling of immersion in the screen when installed near the user. That is, as described above, the observer's recognition of the image displayed on the large display installed near the observer is based on the convergence operation of the binocular parallax of the eye and the distance adjustment of the crystalline lens of the eye. This is because it is recognized as a distance image.

[0003] The displayed image can be recognized by a viewer as a long-distance image by the convergence operation of the binocular parallax of the eye and the distance adjustment of the crystalline lens.
By reflecting the image being displayed by the concave mirror so that the observer can observe the virtual image generated on the image plane, even if the actual space used for displaying the image is small, As a display device that enables an observer to observe a large display image at a distance in a large visual field, for example, a display device having a configuration as illustrated in FIG. 3 has been considered. In the display device shown in FIG. 3, reference numeral 1 denotes a concave mirror composed of a part of a spherical surface, and reference numeral 2 denotes a transmission screen on which an image (original image) to be displayed is projected. On the transmissive screen 2, an image to be displayed projected from the projector 3 of the original image is formed via the reflecting mirror 4.

As the projector 3 for the original image, for example, a slide projector including an illumination light source, an illumination optical system, and a projection optical system, and a projector for a moving image film (projector) are used. Used or transmissive (or reflective)
Of any configuration from among projectors and the like configured using a light valve (active matrix liquid crystal light valve, electric writing light reading type spatial light modulator, optical writing light reading type spatial light modulator) May be used, and a cathode ray tube display, a plasma display, or the like may be used. In the display device illustrated in FIG. 3, the transmission screen 2 is transmitted from the projector 3 of the original image.
Are reflected by the concave mirror 1, the observers 5, 5... Move to an image plane 6 indicated by a dotted line in the drawing, which is farther from the installation position of the concave mirror 1. The enlarged virtual image 6f is observed as being present.

Although the parallax stereoscopic sensation of a human can be effectively perceived at a short distance, the parallax stereoscopic sensation of a distant image of a certain degree or more is invalidated, and the operation of adjusting the distance of the crystalline lens of the eye is performed as described above. Due to the reflection of the concave mirror 1, the virtual image 6f of the image plane 6 indicated by the dotted line in the figure, which is farther from the installation position of the concave mirror 1, is performed in the same manner as in the case of the distant real scene. Is difficult to distinguish between the virtual image 6f by the concave mirror 1 and the distant real scene, and the virtual image 2of also provides the same high realism and screen as in the case of the distant real scene. The distance between the virtual image 6f and the virtual image 6f recognized by the observers 5, 5,... Does not exist. There is believed to be superior in terms of an indication of whether the kind of image is present in the long distance can be easily realized.

However, even if the display device described with reference to FIG. 3 attempts to make all of the plurality of observers 5, 5...
However, it is not easy in terms of the distortion inherent in. In other words, in order to make the display device recognize an image with a high sense of reality without distortion, the reflecting surface of the concave mirror 1 used in the display device must be a part of a highly accurate spherical surface having a uniform curvature distribution. It is necessary to be formed by, for example, even if you look at the spherical mirror for traffic safety provided on the street, since general market products can not be said to have good surface accuracy, It is difficult to accurately and economically produce a concave mirror having a large curvature.

Since a display device including a concave mirror having a large curvature is manufactured in consideration of economy, the concave mirror used has a non-uniform curvature distribution on the reflection surface. If the distance between the image to be displayed and the concave mirror is not precise, a virtual image with a partially distorted state will be generated, resulting in a high realistic effect and an immersive effect on the screen. A state in which only a display image that does not exist is obtained. Therefore, in order to suppress the image distortion to such an extent that an image with a high sense of reality can be recognized, measures such as lowering the enlargement ratio are required. In addition, FIG.
However, even if the display device described above with reference to is used, the observer cannot observe the image in such a state that the entire surroundings of the plurality of observers are wrapped in the virtual environment image.

As a means for constructing a virtual environment image that wraps around a plurality of observers, for example, a display device as illustrated in FIG. 5 is known. In FIG. 5, reference numeral 7 denotes an ultra-wide-angle projector using a fish-eye lens as a projection optical system. The image projected from the ultra-wide-angle projector 7 is projected on a hemispherical dome screen 8, and is observed by observers 5, 5,. The image projected on the hemispherical dome screen 8 is observed.

[0009]

However, as shown in FIG.
The display device illustrated in FIG. 1 allows an observer to recognize, from an image projected on the hemispherical dome screen 8, an image that provides a high sense of realism and a feeling of immersion on the screen as in the case of a distant real scene. In order to achieve this, a hemispherical dome screen 8 to be used in the configuration of the display device needs to have an actual size of several tens of meters. In fact, planetariums, omnimax movies, etc. use huge dome screens to give viewers a high sense of reality, but such a display device is expensive. Is a problem. The present invention effectively utilizes the configuration principle of the display device described with reference to FIG. 3 described above without using a huge dome screen or the like as described above, and provides a high sense of realism to a plurality of observers. The present invention provides an image display device capable of observing a virtual environment image capable of giving an image.

[0010]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, the radius of curvature is R
A first spherical surface and a second spherical surface concentric with the first spherical surface and having a radius of curvature R2 less than twice the radius of curvature R1 of the first spherical surface. Means for forming an original image to be displayed on a part of one spherical surface, and an original image formed on a part of the first spherical surface described above on a part of the second spherical surface. In the image display device in which the virtual image of the original image generated by the concave mirror is reflected by the concave mirror formed so that a plurality of observers can observe the virtual image, the radius of curvature is R1 in the image display device. A first spherical surface and a second spherical surface concentric with the first spherical surface and having a radius of curvature R2 less than twice the radius of curvature R1 of the first spherical surface.
The longest arc of the original image forming region formed on a part of the spherical surface and the longest arc of the concave mirror formed on a part of the second spherical surface define respective central angles formed with respect to the center of the sphere. In the image display device configured to have a maximum of 200 degrees, and the image display device described above, R1 = β is defined between the radius of curvature R1 of the first spherical surface and the radius of curvature R2 of the second spherical surface.
-When there is a relationship of R2, the value of β is set to 0.
In the image display device set in the range of 55 ≦ β ≦ 0.65 and the image display device described above, the formation region of the original image formed on a part of the first spherical surface is directly visually recognized by the observer. An image display device in which a light-blocking member is provided around the formation region of the original image, a first spherical surface having a radius of curvature of R1;
And a second spherical surface concentric with the spherical surface and having a radius of curvature R2 less than twice the radius of curvature R1 of the first spherical surface. Means for individually forming the target original image, and a concave mirror for forming the original image individually formed on a plurality of portions of the first spherical surface on a plurality of portions of the second spherical surface. And a virtual image of the original image generated by the concave mirror can be observed by a plurality of observers.

[0011]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, specific contents of an image display device according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing a schematic configuration of an image display device according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a top view of the image display device shown in FIG. In the image display apparatus of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, reference numeral 12 denotes a transmission screen formed by a part of a first spherical surface having a radius of curvature of R1, and 11 denotes the first spherical surface. And a radius of curvature R less than twice the radius of curvature R1 of the first spherical surface described above.
2 is a concave mirror formed on a part of a second spherical surface having a second surface. Reference numeral 13 denotes a projector for an original image. The projector 13 uses a wide-angle lens 9 as a projection lens system.

The projector 13 is, for example, a slide projector including an illumination light source, an illumination optical system, and a projection optical system, and a moving image film, similarly to the projector 3 described above. Or a transmissive (or reflective) light valve (active matrix liquid crystal light valve, electric writing light reading spatial light modulator, optical writing light reading spatial light modulator). In addition to selecting and using an arbitrary configuration mode from among projectors and the like configured by using, a cathode ray tube display, a plasma display and the like may be used.

The transmission screen 12, which is constituted by a part of the first spherical surface having a radius of curvature R1, has a longest arc of the first spherical surface.
The center angle of the center of curvature of the spherical surface (same as the center of curvature of the second spherical surface) is 200 degrees at the maximum. The concave mirror 11 formed on a part of the second spherical surface concentric with the first spherical surface and having a radius of curvature R2 less than twice the radius of curvature R1 of the first spherical surface is The central angle formed by the longest arc with respect to the center of curvature of the second spherical surface (same as the center of curvature of the first spherical surface) is configured to be at most 200 degrees. In the configuration example shown in FIG.
The case of 04 degrees is shown. The concave mirror 11 and the transmission screen 12 are arranged such that their respective center points are located on the optical axis of the projection lens system of the projector 13.

The concave mirror 11 described above is a large-sized one constructed by using a part of a sphere having a large diameter so that a plurality of observers can observe an image in a favorable state. It is economically difficult to manufacture it using a material such as glass. Therefore, the concave mirror 11 is formed by evaporating a metal thin film on the surface and extending the periphery of the polymer material film serving as the reflection surface in an airtight manner to the vacuum box 10, and the back surface of the polymer film in the vacuum box 10. It can be configured using the pressure difference between the front and back surfaces of the polymer film caused by reducing the pressure in the space on the side.

The concave mirror 11 has a reflective surface formed by depositing a metal thin film on a surface of the polymer material film. While depressurizing the space on the back side of the membrane,
It is also possible to increase the pressure in the observation chamber 16 where the observers 5, 5,... Are located, and to use the resulting pressure difference between the front and back surfaces of the polymer film. Reference numeral 18 denotes a light-shielding member for making it difficult for a plurality of observers to directly recognize the original image forming area of the transmission screen 12 formed on a part of the first spherical surface. Indicates a step-like standing seat used when observing an image.

In the image display apparatus shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of observers are formed by reflecting an original image 12of, which is formed on a transmission type screen 12 from a projector 13 and is to be displayed, by a concave mirror 11. 5, 5,..., The image boundary 15 indicated by a dotted line in the figure, which is farther from the installation position of the concave mirror 1
Is used as a peripheral edge, and a virtual image magnified farther away is observed, so that a transmission type screen on which the original image 12of to be displayed is to be projected is displayed. It is necessary that the installation position of 12 is set to a position closer to the reflection surface side of the concave mirror 11 than the position of the focal point of the concave mirror 11 formed by a part of the second spherical surface.

As described above, when the transmission type screen 12 on which the original image 12of is to be projected is provided at a position closer to the reflection surface side of the concave mirror 11 than the position of the focal point of the concave mirror 11, Original image projected on the screen 12 of the type (in the following description, "the original image projected on the screen 12 of the transmission type" is simply referred to as "the original image 12o").
.. may be described as a virtual image (hereinafter, referred to as a virtual image 15f) enlarged by the plurality of observers 5, 5,. Is sometimes observed),
The size of the virtual image 15f recognized by the observer becomes smaller as the position of the original image 12of approaches the reflecting surface of the concave mirror 11, and the position of the original image 12of becomes closer to the focal position of the concave mirror 11. It gets bigger as you get closer.

When the virtual image 15f of the image plane 15 observed by the observers 5, 5,... Is recognized by the observer so as to occupy the entire visual field of the observer, a powerful impression of immersion is obtained. The image will be recognized by the observer as a certain image. Contrary to the above, the virtual image 15f of the image plane 15 exists only in a part of the visual field of the observer 5, 5,.
When the external scene is seen around f, the apparent virtual image 15f moves with the movement of the positions of the eyes of the observers 5, 5,. Since the virtual image 15f moves in the sight, and the virtual image 15f is recognized as a component of the above-described external sight, the observers 5, 5,... Will be done.

On the other hand, the position of the original image 12of is
When the virtual image 15f is enlarged by approaching the focal position of the eye, the virtual image 15f disappears from the visual field even if the observers 5, 5,. As the phenomenon occurs, the distortion of the image sharply increases. And an image with large distortion becomes poor. Conversely, when the position of the original image 12of is brought closer to the reflecting surface of the concave mirror 11 and the virtual image 15f is made smaller, the virtual image 15f can be moved even if the observers 5, 5,. It does not disappear from the field of view, and the field of view margin becomes large. Also, although the image distortion is small,
As described above, the viewers 5, 5,.

The observers 5, 5,... Observing the virtual image 15f of the original image 12of which is to be displayed are located on the side facing the concave surface of the concave mirror 11 as described above. Original image 12of which is displayed
Are to be displayed by the observer 5, 5,...
It must be installed at a position that does not obstruct the field of view when observing the virtual image 15f of of. As described above, in order for the observer to observe the virtual image 15f in a favorable state by using the image display device in which the virtual image 15f of the original image 12of can be observed using the concave mirror 11 shown in FIG. In addition, it is necessary that each of the above-mentioned conditions is appropriately set.

In the image display device according to the present invention, as described above, the transmission screen which is a part of the first spherical surface having the radius of curvature R1 and is a region for forming an original image to be displayed is provided. 12 and concentric with the first spherical surface,
In addition, the center point of the concave mirror 11 formed on a part of the second spherical surface having a radius of curvature R2 smaller than twice the radius of curvature R1 of the first spherical surface is determined by the light of the projection lens system of the projector 13. The relationship between the radius of curvature R1 of the first spherical surface and the radius of curvature R2 of the second spherical surface where the transmissive screen 12 is partially formed is given by: R1 = β
When the value of β is expressed as R2,
By setting the range of 0.55 ≦ β ≦ 0.65, a plurality of observers 5, 5,... Can be recognized by the observer as a powerful image with a large immersive feeling.
The curve in FIG. 4 shows the measurement result of the force (psychological value) in a state where β is changed from 1 to 0.5 with the value of β described above as the horizontal axis.

The curve in FIG. 4 shows the measurement results of the distortion (psychological value) when the value of β is changed from 1 to 0.5 with the value of β as the horizontal axis. The curve in 5 shows the measurement result of the visual field margin in a state where the value of β is changed from 1 to 0.5 with the value of β as the horizontal axis. In FIG. 4, a curve ′ indicated by a dotted line indicates an actual measurement of distortion (psychological value) in a state where the value of β is changed from 1 to 0.5 when the concave mirror 11 is a large and highly accurate one. Although the results are shown, the distortion in this case is smaller than the distortion indicated by the curve shown by the solid line.

FIG. 2 is a top view of the image display device shown in FIG. In FIG. 2, a concave mirror 11, a transmissive screen 12 which is an area for forming an original image, and an image plane 1 are shown.
5, the virtual image edge 15 is shown as an ellipse,
This is because the image display device shown in FIG. 1 employs an inclined virtual image display space, and the virtual image 15f observed by the observers 5, 5,... Can be visually recognized as having a normal shape.

The image display apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 shows an example of a configuration in which one projector 13 is used. Machine 1
Using the plurality of projectors 13, 13,.
By using a composite image of a plurality of images projected on the transmissive screen 12 serving as an original image forming area,
A high-resolution display image may be formed in the area where the original image is formed. Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, the first spherical surface having a radius of curvature of R1 is concentric with the first spherical surface and less than twice the radius of curvature R1 of the first spherical surface. Means for individually forming original images to be displayed on a plurality of portions of the first spherical surface with respect to a second spherical surface having a radius of curvature R2; and a plurality of portions of the first spherical surface. The original image that was individually formed on the part,
The virtual image of the original image generated by the concave mirror may be observed by a plurality of observers by being reflected by the concave mirror formed on the plurality of portions of the second spherical surface. When the present invention is implemented, the observer 5, 5,... Is caused to observe virtual images both above and below, or virtual images are formed around the observers 5, 5,. Can be observed.

[0025]

As is clear from the above description, the image display apparatus of the present invention can easily produce a display image having a high realistic sensation even when a concave mirror having relatively low accuracy is used. This makes it possible to provide a display device of the obtained image without impairing the economy, and the present invention can satisfactorily solve the conventional problems described above.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing a schematic configuration of an image display device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a top view of the image display device shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the display device for explaining the configuration principle and operation principle of the image display device of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a characteristic example diagram for explaining the operation of the image display device.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a conventional display device that enables an observer to observe an image in a state where the entire surroundings of a plurality of observers are wrapped in a virtual environment image.

[Explanation of symbols]

Reference numerals 1, 11: concave mirror, 2, 12: transmissive screen on which the original image to be displayed is projected, 3, 13: projector, 4: plane mirror, 5: observer, 6, 15: image plane , 6
f, 15f: virtual image, 9: wide-angle lens, 10: decompression box, 1
4 ... Stair-shaped standing seat, 16 ... Observation room, 18 ... Shade plate

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A first spherical surface having a radius of curvature of R1 and a radius of curvature R2 concentric with the first spherical surface and having a radius of curvature R2 less than twice the radius of curvature R1 of the first spherical surface. Means for forming an original image to be displayed on a part of the first spherical surface of the second spherical surface; and an original image formed on a part of the first spherical surface. An image display device, characterized in that a virtual image of an original image generated by the concave mirror is reflected by a plurality of observers by being reflected by a concave mirror formed on a part of the second spherical surface. 2. A first spherical surface having a radius of curvature R1 and a second spherical surface concentric with the first spherical surface and having a radius of curvature R2 less than twice the radius of curvature R1 of the first spherical surface. The longest arc of the formation area of the original image formed on a part of the first sphere and the longest arc of the concave mirror formed on a part of the second sphere are formed with respect to the center of the sphere. 2. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein the central angles of the tensions are set to a maximum of 200 degrees. 3. When the radius of curvature R1 of the first spherical surface and the radius of curvature R2 of the second spherical surface have a relationship of R1 = β · R2, the value of β is 0.55 ≦ β ≦ 0.6
The image display device according to claim 1, wherein the image display device is set in a range of 5. 4. A light-shielding member is provided around the original image forming area so that an original image forming area formed on a part of the first spherical surface is not directly visible to an observer. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein: 5. A first spherical surface having a radius of curvature of R1 and a first spherical surface having a radius of curvature R2 concentric with the first spherical surface and having a radius of curvature less than twice the radius of curvature R1 of the first spherical surface. Means for individually forming original images to be displayed on a plurality of portions of the first spherical surface of the second spherical surface, and means for individually forming the original images to be displayed on the plurality of portions of the first spherical surface. The reflected original image is reflected by a concave mirror formed on a plurality of portions of the second spherical surface, so that a virtual image of the original image generated by the concave mirror can be observed by a plurality of observers. Image display device.