JPH11513057A - Smokeless two-stroke engine lubricant - Google Patents

Abstract

  (57) [Summary] An ester basestock of a two-cycle gasoline engine lubricating oil composition is disclosed. This ester basestock has a low observable amount of smoke in the exhaust gas emitted as a result of combustion in a two-stroke gasoline engine, does not require a miscibility enhancing solvent, and has a viscosity of about 3.0 cSt to 20.0 cSt at 100 ° C. And at least a smoke index of 75. Some esters are biodegradable.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTIONTitle of invention Smokeless two-stroke engine lubricant                 35U.SC Earlier application date benefits under §119 (e)   This application is a pending and co-filed provisional application filed August 22, 1995. You get the benefit of real number 60 / 002,655.                                Background of the Invention 1.Field of the invention   The present invention relates to a two-cycle gasoline engine lubricating oil composition and S Regarding Tel Base Stock. Two-cycle gasoline engine lubrication according to the present invention Oil is present in small amounts in the exhaust gas emitted by the combustion of a two-stroke gasoline engine No smoke, no need for miscible solvents, and A solution is possible. 2.Description of related technology   Two-cycle (two-stroke) gasoline engines are outboard motors, snowmobiles, Motorcycles, motorized vehicles, lawnmowers, chainsaws, string trimmers, It has become quite popular as a power source for equipment such as various landscaping tools such as blowers. 2 The cycle gasoline engine has a simple design and a lightweight structure. The main factors are that it can produce a high output that starts quickly and that it is relatively low cost. Widely used.   A two-stroke gasoline engine is a mixture of gasoline and lubricating oil in specified proportions. Works with Since the fuel contains a gasoline-lubricating oil mixture, large amounts of Smoke is generated and released into exhaust gas. Lubricants are satisfactory under harsh working conditions Performance characteristics must be demonstrated. The lubricating oil of a two-stroke gasoline engine Generally, mineral or synthetic based fluids, performance additives, gasoline / lubricating oils Includes solvents to improve miscibility (usually relatively low boiling petroleum distillates) and the like.   Suppresses exhaust emissions from gasoline engines of 4-cycle automobiles and trucks The technology that has been developed to date to control Was not very appropriate. Since hydrocarbons do not readily biodegrade, Of the high levels of hydrocarbon emissions from small gasoline engines in the Interest between them is growing.   The source of hydrocarbon emissions is in the basic design of gasoline engines. In particular, In the explosion process of a typical two-stroke gasoline engine, air, oil, and fuel are cranked. Introduced into the case, these mixtures are compressed at the top of the piston. In the exhaust process Burned gas is exhausted through the exhaust and fresh combustible mixture is To the space above the piston. Vent open and move before transfer of fresh combustible mixture As it closes later, as much as 20% of the fresh mixture is discharged with the exhaust gas without burning. As a result, the emissions of hydrocarbons are comparable to those released from an equivalent four-stroke engine. Far beyond.   Water-cooled outboard motors discharge directly into the water, causing water pollution. On the other hand, air-cooled 2-cycle The other systems mentioned above with gasoline engines can cause significant air pollution You. For example, the California Air Research Board has found many 2-stroke gasoline engines Gin emits up to 50 times more pollution than truck engine pollution per horsepower hour Reported.   The emission of visible smoke in the exhaust gas of two-stroke gasoline engines has recently been increasing. Strict inspections and regulations. In addition, a two-cycle gasoline engine The emission of smoke from smoke is becoming a problem from an aesthetic point of view.   The pollution and smoke problems mentioned above are exacerbated by the presence of volatile organic solvents in lubricating oils . Some organic solvents further used as miscibility enhancers such as Stodard solvents Has a relatively low flash point and has the potential to start a fire. It is of particular interest in the storage and transportation of goods.   Thus, in order to prevent the release of harmful hydrocarbons to the environment and to prevent pollution, To reduce the potential dangers of solvent-containing lubricating oils and at least reduce smoke emissions. For a two-stroke gasoline engine lubricating oil composition prepared to minimize Demand has arisen. However, these objectives are at the same time strict performance criteria, for example, especially Good lubricity and detergency to piston ring, excellent anti-seizure and high gel / foil Optimum lubrication oil and fuel in the range where operating conditions can be applied while satisfying lock resistance, etc. It must be achieved while providing miscibility.                                Summary of the Invention   Certain types of esters are a base for cycle gasoline engine lubricants. Useful as a stock. These esters are used in two-stroke gasoline engines Produces less visible smoke as a result of the combustion of S according to the present invention Tell base stock is explained below.   Two-stroke gasoline engine basestock and lubricating oil composition according to the present invention Is effective for water-cooled and air-cooled two-cycle gasoline engines, respectively. Departure According to the lubricating oil composition of the present invention, a conventional lubricating oil-free composition can be prepared. In addition to the potential contamination from cycle gasoline engine lubricating oil, Intrinsically reduces the hazard risk inherent.   The two-stroke gasoline engine lubricating oil composition of the present invention comprises Ter base stock and detergent / dispersant additives, extreme pressure additives, antifoaming agents, pour points Performance additives such as rust or corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants, etc. Including a cage. Ester basestocks according to the present invention are typically A flash point of at least about 100 ° C, determined under TMD-92, and Kinematic viscosity in the range of 3.0 to 20.0 cSt at a fixed 100 ° C and below ASTM D-97 Pour point below about 0 ° C. Bases according to the invention The stock has an excellent fuel / lube capacity ratio between 10: 1 and 300: 1 Shows miscibility. Some of the base stocks according to the invention are two-stroke engines Coordinating E, the most commonly used biodegradability test for lubricants uropean Counsel Standard Test Method L-33-A-94 (2-stroke cycle outboard gasoline Biodegradability of engine oil in water, C.E.C. L-33-A-94) Is biodegradable when measured.   Further, the ester base stock according to the present invention is used in a next-generation two-cycle engine. Will be useful. The lubricating oil used for the current two-stroke engine is gasoline It is used by mixing with the prescribed ratio. The mixture itself is directly in the combustion chamber of the engine Sent to. As mentioned above, the fuel contains a gasoline-lubricating oil mixture Therefore, a large amount of smoke and pollutants are generated and released into exhaust gas. Two cycles of the future In an engine, metered gasoline and lubricating oil must be lubricated at all times. It will be sent separately to the combustion chamber so that it can be changed as needed. An example For example, when a cooled engine starts, a lot of lubrication oil is A relatively small amount of lubricating oil will be pumped in when operating at high temperatures Would. Overall, the use of lubricating oil is reduced, and the resulting smoke released into the atmosphere And the amount of pollutants is reduced.                           Description of the preferred embodiment Unless otherwise specified in the claims or examples, or unless otherwise specified, components used herein All numbers expressing quantities and reaction conditions should be qualified with the word "about". I want to be understood. Carbon chain length of the carboxylic acids and / or esters disclosed herein Are understood to be average numbers. This means that carboxylic acids and / or esters Some are derived from naturally occurring substances and therefore the compounds described are the main components. It reflects the fact that it contains a mixed compound. For example, 12 carbon atoms from coconut oil Carboxylic acids are mainly 45-55% by weight C₁₂Carboxylic acid, 15 to 23% by weight C₁₄Carvone Acid, 8-11% by weight C₁₆Carboxylic acid, 1-10% by weight C₁₈Carboxylic acid, 1-14 weight % C₈And C_TenCombination of carboxylic acids, 1-8% by weight C_{18: 1}Contains carboxylic acid, etc. .   The term smokeless as used herein refers to the JASO M342-92 test (here reference At least a smoke index rating of 75 in published test procedures) Equivalent to.   When certain esters are used as lubricating oil base stocks, two-cycle gasoline Surprising development that only a small amount of visible smoke is generated by combustion of the engine A look was made.   Ester basestocks according to the present invention fall into two general categories: . (1) A mixture of two esters.   Here, the first ester has a viscosity of 2 cSt or less at 100 ° C. and a flash point of 200 ° C. or less (Clev eland Open Cup), having 20 or less carbon atoms. The second ester is the first The mixture resulting from mixing with the ester, measured at 100 ° C., .0 cSt to 20.0 cSt viscosity and at least 75 smoke smoke as measured by the JASO M342-92 test. It has a viscosity that has an index. (2) A complex of one or more esters selected from the following group. (A) linear oligoesters having a molecular weight of 3000 daltons or less; (B) A complex in which the polyol component is a molecule having one or more beta hydrogen atoms. Unbound polyester; (C) the polyol component is an unhindered polyol having at least three OH groups Such composite and unrestrained polyester; (D) the polyol component is a constrained polyol, and the carboxylic acid component is a monocarboxylic acid. Esters such as acids or polycarboxylic acids and mixtures thereof.   The first type of ester basestock according to the invention, the ester blend The product may be any combination of at least two esters. First Has a viscosity of 2 cSt or less at 100 ° C and a flash point of 200 ° C or less (Cleveland Open  Cup), characterized as one or more esters having 20 or less carbon atoms. this Examples of such esters include isodecyl nonanoate and methyl octadecenoate (oleate). Methyl inmate) and the like, but are not limited thereto.   The second ester was obtained by mixing the first ester with the first ester to form a mixture of ASTM D-445. Viscosity of 3.0 cSt to 20.0 cSt at 100 ° C when measured under and measured by JASO M342-92 test Then one or more esthetics with a viscosity such that it has a smoke index of at least 75 It is characterized as The second type of ester is 3.0 cSt to 20.0 cSt at 100 ° C Any mixture that forms a mixture with a viscosity of at least 75 and a smoke index of above Esters may be used. Such esters are simple or complex esters. You may. As a simple ester, an ester of monool and monocarboxylic acid And complex esters such as pentaerythritol tetraoctadecenoate Polyol ester or linear oligoester having a molecular weight of 3000 dalton or less; Composite and unconstrained polyethers whose molecular components are molecules with one or more beta hydrogen atoms Ster; a compound according to the invention comprising an unhindered polyol having at least three hydroxyl groups. The unbound polyester and / or polyol component is a bound polyol and Polyesters such as esters in which the rubonic acid component is a monocarboxylic or polycarboxylic acid It may be a mer ester. An ester mixture contains two or more esters It may be. However, the resulting mixture has a viscosity of 3.0 cSt to 20.0 cSt at 100 ° C and low Must have a smoke index of at least 75.   Preferred ester mixtures are shown in Table 1 below.   The second general category includes four types of complex esters. This guru The loop includes one or more of the following: (A) linear oligoesters having a molecular weight of 3000 daltons or less; (B) A complex in which the polyol component is a molecule having one or more beta hydrogen atoms. Unbound polyester; (C) according to the present invention comprising an unhindered polyol having at least 3 OH groups Composite / unbound polyester; (D) the polyol component is a constrained polyol, and the carboxylic acid component is a monocarboxylic acid. Esters such as acids or polycarboxylic acids and mixtures of (a) to (d).   The first type of complex ester is a straight-chain orifice having a molecular weight of 3,000 daltons or less. Goesters. As the oligomer according to the present invention, a dihydric alcohol and It can contain any combination of dicarboxylic acids and can be used as chain terminators Contains either nools or monocarboxylic acids. Such oligomers are conventionally Known as technology, for example, The Principles of Polymer (P.J.Flory, Corn ell University Press, 1953), pages 69-105. It can be produced by a combined reaction or a stepwise growth polymerization reaction. Preferred oligomers include: Oligoesters containing dipropylene glycol-azelaic acid-isononanoic acid, Oligoesters containing dipropylene glycol-adipic acid-isononanoic acid, Oligoes containing propylene glycol-azelaic acid-2-ethylhexanol Tell and the like can be exemplified. The most preferred oligomer is dipropylene glycol Oligoester, dip containing col-azelaic acid-nonanoic acid (molar ratio 2/1/2) Oligoester containing propylene glycol-adipic acid-nonanoic acid (molar ratio 2/1/2) Containing diethylene glycol-azelaic acid-nonanoic acid (molar ratio 2/1/2) Rigoester and the like.   As the second type of complex ester, complex / unbound polyester can be exemplified. . As an unhindered polyester, a polyol component having one or more β hydrogen atoms The polyester which is a child is mentioned. β hydrogen atom is a carbon atom A hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom adjacent to an element atom. For polyols, β Hydrogen bound to a carbon atom adjacent to the carbon atom to which the hydrogen is attached to the alcohol function Is an atom. Examples of polyols having two β hydrogen atoms include 1,3-propanediamine Oars. Glycerol is a polyol having a total of 5 β hydrogen atoms. It is an example. On the other hand, trimethylolpropane has no β hydrogen atom. According to the invention One type of composite unhindered polyester that has at least three OH groups Unbound polyol and polycarboxylic acid having at least two carboxyl groups And monocarboxylic acids. Polyol / polycarboxylic acid The polymer ratio is from about 0.1 / 1.0 to about 4 / 1.2 and the polymer chains are used as chain terminators Stopped by monocarboxylic acid. Preferred composite / unbound polys of this type Ter has glycerin as an unhindered polyol having at least three hydroxyl groups, Adipic acid as a polycarboxylic acid having at least two carboxyl groups; It contains heptanoic acid as the nocarboxylic acid.   The third type of complex ester is a complex / unconstrained polyester. You. Unbound polyesters include unbound polyesters having at least three hydroxyl groups. And a polyol having at least two carboxyl groups A polycarboxylic acid component, which is a boric acid, a monocarboxylic acid component and a monol component. Including. The polyol / polycarboxylic acid molar ratio ranges from about 0.1 / 1.0 to About 1/1, polymer chain terminated with monool and monocarboxylic acid as chain terminators Is done. Preferred composite / unbound polyesters of this type include at least Glycerin as an unhindered polyol having three hydroxyl groups and at least two Adipic acid as a polycarboxylic acid having ruboxyl groups, monocarboxylic acid and polycarboxylic acid Nool chain terminators include those containing nonanoic acid and octanol. Small Preferred unhindered polyols having at least three hydroxyl groups include 3-10 carbon Those having elementary atoms are mentioned. Preferred with at least two carboxyl groups Suitable polycarboxylic acids include those having from 2 to 54 carbon atoms. Like Suitable monocarboxylic acid chain stoppers include those having 5 to 20 carbon chains. You. Preferred monol chain terminators include those having 2 to 20 carbon chains. It is. Particularly preferred composite unhindered polyesters include glycerin-adipic acid -Nonanoic acid / octanol (molar ratio -1/2/1/2) and glycerin-adipic acid- Oligoesters containing heptanoic acid / hexanol (molar ratio -1/2/1/2) No.   As the fourth type of complex ester, the polyol component is a bound polyol And the carboxylic acid component is a monocarboxylic acid or a polycarboxylic acid. Tell. A preferred ester of this type is pentanoic acid dipen Taerythritol ester, trimethylolpropane-isotridecanol-a Dipic acid, trimethylolpropane tristearate and the like.   The use of a single ester as a base stock for the lubricating oil according to the invention Is included in the present invention. In such a single component system, the ester would be 7 Has a smoke index of 5 or more, but less than the required viscosity for a two-cycle engine It may have a viscosity of less than 2 cSt at 100 ° C. Examples of such esters Isononyl isononanoate, dimethyl azelate and triisostearin Of monocarboxylic acids such as glyceryl glyceryl and glyceryl trioctadecenoate And all esters.   When preparing the two-stroke oil composition of the present invention, various detergent / dispersant additive The package may be mixed with the ester basestock described above. Ash for this purpose Additives with or without a minute may be used. As a suitable additive without ash Is polyamide, alkenyl succinimide, boric acid-modified alkenyl succinimide Or phenolic amine and succinic acid derivatives or two or more of such additives And the like.   Commonly used poly such as tetraethylenepentamine isostearate Amide detergent / dispersant additives are formed by the reaction of fatty acids with polyalkylene polyamines. U.S. Pat. No. 3,169,980 (the prior disclosure of this U.S. Pat. As incorporated herein by reference) It may be prepared as follows. When these polyamides are heated at high temperatures, Contains a measurable amount of cyclic imidazoline formed by internal condensation of linear polyamide May be. Another useful class of polyamide additives is described by R. Hartle et al. (JAOCS , 57 (5), 156-59 (1980)). Prepared from 9-C25 Koch acid.   Alkenyl succinimides are produced by a stepwise procedure. That is, polybute Of olefins such as ethylene (average molecular weight 1200) with maleic anhydride To form a butenyl succinic anhydride adduct, followed by an alkylamine or polyamine To obtain the desired product.   Phenolic amines are reacted with well-known Mannich reactions (C. Mannich and W. Kros che, Arch. Pharm., 250, 674, 1912). , Formaldehyde and polyalkylene polyamines.   Succinic acid derivatives react with olefins (eg polybutene) and maleic anhydride. To form a polybutenylsuccinic anhydride adduct, which is then It is obtained by reacting with a polyol such as thritol.   Suitable ash-containing detergent / dispersant additives include alkaline earth metals (eg, Gnesium, calcium, barium), sulfonate, phosphonate or Is phenate or a combination of two or more such adducts.   The aforementioned detergent / dispersant additives can be used in the lubricating oil compositions described herein in the composition. From about 1 to 25%, more preferably from about 3% to 20%, based on the total weight of May be.   Various other additives may be included in the lubricating oil composition as desired. these Additives include smoke suppressants such as polybutene or polyisobutylene, Extreme pressure additives such as kildithiophosphates or esters, antifoams such as silicone oil Standing agents, pour point depressants such as polymethacrylate, triazole derivatives, erosion Rust or decay such as propyl citrate or phenolic acid or sulfonic acid alkali metal salt Acids such as food inhibitors, substituted diallylamines, phenothiazines, hindered phenols, etc. And the like. Some of these additives are multifunctional, for example For example, polymethacrylate is an antifoaming agent as well as a pour point depressant. Ke Volatile combustible solvents such as rosin or Stoddard solvents should also be used as additives. Can be. Stoddard solvent has a minimum flash point of 100 ° F and 350 ° F according to ASTM D-484-52. %, Distillation range above 90% at 375 ° F, end point below 450 ° F and automatic generation at 450 ° F It is defined as a petroleum distillate with a fire point. JASO M342-92 test at least To have a smoke index of 75 and / or compatibility and / or dissolution of other additives To improve dissolvability, further improve low temperature characteristics such as viscosity and gasoline miscibility. For this purpose, volatile combustible solvents may be added to any type of ester.   Commercial two-cycle lubricating oil additive package, for example, LUBRIZOL^R400, ORONITE^RO LOA340A (Chevron), LUBRIZOL^R6827, LUBRIZOL^R6830, LUBRIZOL^R600, LUBRIZOL^R606, O RONITE^ROLOA9333 (Chevron), ORONITE^ROLOA9357 (Chevron) ester according to the present invention May be used in combination with.   Most of the above-mentioned additives comprise about 0.01% to 15%, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, Preferably, an amount of about 0.01% to 6% may be included in the lubricating oil composition. Polybutene In this case, this amount may be changed in the range of 1 to 50%. Desired performance characteristics of lubricating oil Should be selected in a particular area so as not to adversely affect Such an attachment The effect of the addition can be easily known by routine test .   The two-stroke gasoline engine lubricating oil composition of the present invention is mixed with a suitable fuel. And outboard motors, snowmobiles, motorcycles, mopeds, lawnmowers, chainsaws , String trimmer, etc. are particularly suitable.   The following examples are intended to illustrate, but not limit, the invention. Absent.                                 Example 1               Preparation of trimethylolpropane triisononanoate   691 g (5.16 mol) of trimethylolpropane, 2809 g (17.78 mol) of isono Mix the acid in the reactor and heat to about 230 ° C to esterify the contents. Carried out. When the rate of formation of continuously removed water at 230 ° C begins to slow, about 26 A vacuum was applied to assist the esterification. After reacting for 4.5 hours, the temperature was Is about 235 ° C., and as a result of ester analysis, the acid value (AV) is 48.4 and the hydroxyl value (OH) is 24. It was five. After reacting for 6 hours, analysis of the reaction mixture revealed that AV was 41.8 and OH Is 5.14 Met. After reacting for 6 hours, the contents are stripped off and filtered to obtain the crude ester product. Isolated. The product is caustic purified (NaOH), dried and filtered and has the following properties: One final ester was obtained.         Acid value, mgKOH / gm of sample 0.05         Hydroxyl number, mgKOH / gm of sample 2.15         Viscosity at 40 ° C, centistoke 52.79         Viscosity at 100 ° C, centistoke 7.13         Viscosity index 91         Flash point, ° F 450         Flash point, ° F 525         Cloud point, ° F Clear at pour point         Pour point, ° F -35                                   Example 2               Preparation of trimethylolpropane tristearate   Preparation of trimethylolpropane triisononanoate requires 1800 g (1.00 equivalent) of Performed by reacting aric acid with 300 g (1.035 eq) of trimethylolpropane . It is difficult to remove high molecular weight stearic acid by vacuum stripping. The reaction was carried out using excess polyol. The reaction vessel is described in Example 5. And the reaction proceeded successfully at 240-260 ° C. Reaction water is removed A high vacuum was used to complete the reaction. Crude ester has an acid value of 2.1 and 14 or less Was shown. Chemical treatment with Cardura E, a glycidyl ester, The crude ester was purified. Add about 12 g of Cardura E to the crude ester at 239 ° C for 2 hours Maintained. Excess Cardura E was stripped off at 239 ° C. for about 1 hour. Cool the product and filter I have. The properties of the final ester are shown below.   Trimethylolpropane tristearate         Acid value 0.085         Hydroxyl number 9.92         Viscosity at 100 ° C, cst 11.67         Pour point, ° F Solid at room temperature         Flash point, ° F 600         Ignition point, ° F 645         Color% transmission 440 / 550nm 76/96                                   Example 3                Preparation of diisotridecyl trimethyl adipate   986 g (1.00 equivalent) of dimethyltrimethyladipate Prepared by reacting pinic acid with 2414 g (1.15 equivalents) of isotridecyl alcohol Was. The reaction vessel was as described above. The reaction was performed while removing water of reaction. At 230 ° C. When the reaction water removal rate slows down, apply a low vacuum to continue the reaction. Subsequently, an acid value of 10.9 was obtained. Excess alcohol from ester by applying a vacuum of about 2 Torr Was slowly stripped off. The crude ester had an acid number of 6.2 and a hydroxyl number of 2.0. Next The crude ester was purified by alkali and filtered to obtain the final ester with the following properties: .          Diisotridecyl trimethyl adipate         Acid value 0.016         Hydroxyl value 5.21         Viscosity at 40 ° C, cst 36.96         Viscosity at 100 ° C, cst 5.95         Viscosity index 104         Pour point, ° F-50         Flash point, ° F 465         Ignition point, ° F 520         Color% transmission 440 / 550nm 5/45                                 Example 4                       Preparation of isononyl isononanoate   The preparation of isononyl isononanoate is 1660 g (1.00 equivalent) in a 5 L four-neck glass reaction vessel. Of isononanoic acid and 1740 g (1.15 equivalents) of isononyl alcohol Made by The vessel is equipped with a stirrer and condensed water to remove the reaction water, And a column for returning the reactor to the reaction vessel. About 230 ° C until the acid value reaches 5.0 Continued. Continue to remove excess alcohol from the ester until the hydroxyl value reaches 0.7. Was removed. At this point, the acid value of the crude ester was 1.5. Trace amount of crude ester In order to remove the acid content of the solution, the solution was alkali-purified with NaOH and filtered using a filter remover. Beauty treatment The final analytical values of the kit are shown below. Isononyl isononanoate         Acid value 0.006         Hydroxyl value 0.84        Viscosity at 40 °, cst 4.61        Viscosity at 100 ° C, cst 1.64        Viscosity at -40 ° C, cst 221        Pour point, ° F <-95        Flash point, ° F 310        Flash point, ° F 340        Color% transmission 440 / 550nm 100/100                                 Example 5                      Preparation of composite, unhindered polyester   A stirrer and a column to return excess alcohol to the reaction vessel while condensing out the reaction water 160.2 g of glycerol in a 5 L four-neck glass reaction vessel equipped with a Phosphorus (1.74 mol), 508.5 grams of adipic acid (3.48 mol), 278.6 grams of pella Lugonic acid (1.76 mol) and 452.7 g of octyl alcohol (4.00 mol) were charged. Heat the contents of the flask to 230 ° C until the acid number reaches 7.3 and the hydroxyl number reaches 7.1. The water was removed. The reaction product was purified by alkali to reduce the number of acids to 0.31. Last The product specifications were as follows: acid number 0.31, hydroxyl number 10.46, viscosity ＠ 40 C is 52.56 cSt, viscosity is 100 C 10.26 cSt, viscosity index is 187, flash point is 210 C., the ignition point was 224.degree. C. and the pour point was -21.degree.                                 Example 6                         Preparation of linear oligoester A stirrer and column to return excess alcohol to the reaction vessel while condensing out the reaction water And a nitrogen inlet and a 5 L four-neck glass reaction vessel Glycol (3.58 mol), 344.6 g of azelaic acid (1.83 mol) It is. Heat the contents of the flask to 225 ° C until the acid number reaches 4.8 and the hydroxyl number reaches 59.2 Reaction water was removed. At this point, 660.6 g of pelargonic acid (4.17 mol) was added and the acid added. Heating was continued until the number reached 28.4 and the number of hydroxyls reached 8.4, and the reaction water was continuously removed. Acid number 7.2 Excess acid and water were removed until the hydroxyl number reached 6.7. The reaction product is Repurification reduced the acid number to 0.10. The specification of the final product is that the acid number is 0.10, Hydroxyl number 9.95, viscosity ＠ 40 ° C 41.28 cSt, viscosity ＠ 100 ° C 8.08 cSt, viscosity index The flash point was 173 ° C, the flash point was 263 ° C, and the pour point was -54 ° C. Note 1-2911 Isodecyl nonanoate     2873 Diethylene acid ester of diethylene glycol     2301 Methyl octadecenoate     2898 Pentaerythritol tetraoctadecenoate     3528-8 Isononyl isononanoate     2914 Dimethyl azelate     2983 Dimer acid ester of neopentyl glycol and propylene glycol Le     3588-4 dipropylene glycol-azelaic acid-isononanoic acid (molar ratio 2/1/2) Oligoester     3588-9 Dipropylene glycol-adipic acid-isononanoic acid (molar ratio 2/1/2) Oligoester     3588-13 Diethylene glycol-azelaic acid-nonanoic acid (molar ratio 2/1/2) Oligoester     3588-19 Oligoes of glycerin-adipic acid-heptanoic acid (molar ratio 2/1/4) Tell     3588-33 Glycerin-adipic acid-nonanoic acid / octanol (molar ratio 1/2/1/2) Oligoester     3589-1A-TMP-05-320 / 2911 (48/52)     3589-1B-TMP-05-320 / 2301 (49/51)     TMP-05-320 Trimethylolpropane-dimer acid-octadecenoic acid Synthetic ester     3528-61 of dipropylene glycol-azelaic acid-nonanoic acid (molar ratio 2/1/2) Oligoester     3528-69 Dipropylene glycol-2-ethylhexanol azelate (Mo Ratio 1/2/2) oligoester     3528-76 Dipropylene glycol-adipic acid-nonanoic acid (molar ratio 2/1/2) Rigoester     3528-79 Dipropylene glycol-Adivic acid-Isodecyl alcohol (mole Oligoester of ratio 1/2/2) Note 2 ASTM D-445 (cSt ＠ 100 ℃) Note 3 ASTM D-97 Note 4 ASTM D-92 * 5 JASO M-342-92 Note 6 C.E.C.L-33-A-94

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Claims (1)

[Claims] Claim 1 (a) Has a viscosity of about 2 cSt or less at 100 ° C, a flash point of 200 ° C or less, and 20 or less carbon atoms. A first ester, (b) an ester base obtained by mixing the first ester with a second ester The stock is about 3. 0cSt ~ 20. Has a viscosity of 0 cSt and a smoke index of at least 75 A second ester having a viscosity An ester basestock of a smokeless two-stroke engine lubricant, including: Claim 2   2. The ester of claim 1, wherein said first ester is isodecyl nonanoate. Base stock. Claim 3   2. The ester according to claim 1, wherein said first ester is methyl octadecenoate. Le base stock. Claim 4   2. The method of claim 1, wherein said first ester is isononyl isononanoate. Ter base stock. Claim 5   Wherein the second ester is a dimer acid ester of diethylene glycol. The ester basestock of claim 1. Claim 6   Wherein the second ester is pentaerythritol tetraoctadecenoate. The ester basestock of claim 1. Claim 7   The second ester is trimethylolpropane-dimer acid-octadecenoic acid The ester base stock of claim 1 which is a complex ester of Claim 8   Extreme pressure additives, antifoaming agents, pour point depressants, rust or corrosion inhibitors, oxidation inhibitors, washing Additives selected from the group consisting of dispersants, dispersants, smoke suppressants, and hydrocarbon diluents. The ester basestock of claim 1, comprising: Claim 9   An ester basestock of a smokeless two-stroke engine lubricant, (a) a linear oligoester having a molecular weight of 3000 daltons or less; (b) one or more polyol components Composite, unhindered polyester such as a molecule having a beta hydrogen atom of Composites wherein the all component is an unhindered polyol having at least three hydroxyl groups (D) the polyol component is a constrained polyol, The acid component is a monocarboxylic acid or a polycarboxylic acid or a mixture thereof. Steal An ester basestock comprising one or more esters selected from the group consisting of: Claim 10   The complex ester is a linear oligoester having a molecular weight of 3000 daltons or less, An ester basestock according to claim 9. Claim 11   The oligoester is dipropylene glycol-azelaic acid-nonanoic acid 10. The ester basestock of claim 9, which is an oligoester comprising. Claim 12   The oligoester contains dipropylene glycol-adipic acid-nonanoic acid. 10. The ester basestock of claim 9, which is an oligoester. Claim 13   The oligoester contains diethylene glycol-azelaic acid-nonanoic acid. 10. The ester basestock of claim 9, which is an oligoester. Claim 14   The oligoester is a dimer acid ester of diethylene glycol. An ester base stock according to claim 9. Claim 15   Extreme pressure additives, antifoaming agents, pour point depressants, rust or corrosion inhibitors, oxidation inhibitors, washing Additives selected from the group consisting of dispersants, dispersants, smoke suppressants, and hydrocarbon diluents. 10. The ester basestock of claim 9, comprising: Claim 16   The complex ester is at least one polyol component having one or more β hydrogen atoms and A complex containing a polycarboxylic acid having two carboxyl groups and a monocarboxylic acid, Restrained polyester,   The polyester is about 3. 0cSt ~ 20. Kinematic viscosity of 0cSt and flow below about 0 ℃ Having a working point and a smoke index of at least 75, An ester basestock according to claim 9. Claim 17   The polyol component is an unhindered polyol having at least three hydroxyl groups. The polycarboxylic acid having at least two carboxyl groups and the monocarboxylic acid 17. The ester basestock of claim 16, comprising an acid. Claim 18   The polyol / polycarboxylic acid molar ratio is about 0. 1/1. 0 to 4/1, in claim 16 The described ester basestock. Claim 19   The polyol is glycerin and the polycarboxylic acid is adipic acid 17. The ester base of claim 16, wherein the monocarboxylic acid is heptanoic acid. Tok. Claim 20   Extreme pressure additives, antifoaming agents, pour point depressants, rust or corrosion inhibitors, oxidation inhibitors, washing Additives selected from the group consisting of dispersants, dispersants, smoke suppressants, hydrocarbon diluents, etc. 17. The ester basestock of claim 16, further comprising: Claim 21   The complex ester has a polyol component having at least three hydroxyl groups which are not bound. A polyol, a polycarboxylic acid having at least two carboxyl groups, A composite, unconstrained polyester containing a monocarboxylic acid and a monol; Steal is about 3. 0cSt ~ 20. Kinematic viscosity of 0cSt and pour point below about 0 ° C and at least 10. The ester basestock of claim 9, wherein the ester basestock also has a smoke index of 75. Claim 22   The polyol / polycarboxylic acid molar ratio is about 0. 1/1. 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the ratio is 0 to 1/1. The described ester basestock. Claim 23   The polycarboxylic acid has at least two carboxyl groups and 2 to 54 carbon atoms. 22. The ester of claim 21, wherein the monol has 2 to 20 carbon atoms. Base stock. Claim 24   The composite, unhindered polyester is glycerin-adipic-nonanoic acid / octane. The polyester according to claim 21, which is a polyester having a molar ratio of 1/2/1/2 of each of ethanol. Ester basestock. Claim 25   The composite, unhindered polyester is glycerin-adipic-heptanoic / The polyester of claim 21, wherein each of the xanols is a polyester in a molar ratio of 1/2/1/2. Ester basestock. Claim 26   Extreme pressure additives, antifoaming agents, pour point depressants, rust or corrosion inhibitors, oxidation inhibitors, washing Additives selected from the group consisting of dispersants, dispersants, smoke suppressants, and hydrocarbon diluents. 22. The ester basestock of claim 21, comprising: Claim 27   In the ester, the polyol component is a constrained polyol, and the carboxylic acid component is 10. The method according to claim 9, which is a monocarboxylic acid, a polycarboxylic acid, or a combination thereof. Ester basestock listed. Claim 28   The method according to claim 1, wherein the ester is a dipentaerythritol ester of pentanoic acid. 27. Ester basestock according to 27. Claim 29   The method according to claim 27, wherein the ester is trimethylolpropane tristearate. The described ester basestock. Claim 30   28. The ester of claim 27, wherein the ester is pentaerythritol tetraoctadecenoate. The ester base stock described in 1. Claim 31   The ester is a complex of trimethylolpropane-dimer acid-octadecenoic acid 28. The ester basestock of claim 27, which is an ester. Claim 32   The ester is trimethylolpropane-isotridecanol-adipic acid. 28. The ester basestock of claim 27, which is a complex ester. Claim 33   Extreme pressure additives, antifoaming agents, pour point depressants, rust or corrosion inhibitors, oxidation inhibitors, washing Additives selected from the group consisting of dispersants, dispersants, smoke suppressants, and hydrocarbon diluents. 28. The ester basestock of claim 27, comprising: Claim 34   Excludes observable smoke in exhaust gases emitted from two-cycle gasoline engines Or a method of reducing, (a) having a viscosity of about 2 cSt or less at 100 ° C, a flash point of 200 ° C or less, and a carbon atom of 20 or less. (B) obtained by mixing the first ester and the second ester The ester base stock is about 3. 0cSt ~ 20. 0cSt viscosity and at least 75 smoke Said second ester having a viscosity such as to have an index. A method comprising contacting a lubricating oil with a predetermined portion of the engine to be oiled. Claim 35   35. The method of claim 34, wherein said first ester is isodecyl nonanoate. Claim 36   35. The method of claim 34, wherein said first ester is methyl octadecenoate. . Claim 37   35. The method of claim 34, wherein the first ester is isononyl isononanoate. Law. Claim 38   Wherein the second ester is a dimer acid ester of diethylene glycol; 35. The method according to claim 34. Claim 39   Wherein the second ester is pentaerythritol tetraoctadecenoate. 35. The method according to claim 34. Claim 40   The second ester is trimethylolpropane-dimer acid-octadecenoic acid 35. The method of claim 34, which is a complex ester of Claim 41   Extreme pressure additives, antifoaming agents, pour point depressants, rust or corrosion inhibitors, oxidation inhibitors, washing Additives selected from the group consisting of dispersants, dispersants, smoke suppressants, and hydrocarbon diluents. 35. The method of claim 34, comprising: Claim 42   Excludes observable smoke in exhaust gases emitted from two-cycle gasoline engines Or reduce it, (a) a linear oligoester having a molecular weight of 3000 daltons or less; (b) one or more polyol components Composite, unhindered polyester such that it is a molecule with a β hydrogen atom; Complex, non-conjugated polyol whose component is an unhindered polyol having at least three hydroxyl groups Constrained polyester; (d) the polyol component is a constrained polyol, Wherein the component is a monocarboxylic or polycarboxylic acid or a mixture thereof. An effective amount of a lubricating oil containing one or more esters selected from the group consisting of A method comprising contacting a predetermined portion of said engine to be performed. Claim 43   The complex ester is a linear oligoester having a molecular weight of 3000 daltons or less. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein Claim 44   The oligoester contains dipropylene glycol-azelaic acid-nonanoic acid. 43. The method of claim 42, which is an oligoester. Claim 45   The oligoester includes dipropylene glycol-adipic acid-nonanoic acid 43. The method according to claim 42, which is an oligoester. Claim 46   The oligoester is diethylene len glycol-azelaic acid-nonanoic acid 43. The method of claim 42, which is an oligoester comprising. Claim 47   The oligoester is a dimer acid ester of diethylene glycol. 43. The method according to claim 42. Claim 48   Extreme pressure additives, antifoaming agents, pour point depressants, rust or corrosion inhibitors, oxidation inhibitors, washing Additives selected from the group consisting of dispersants, dispersants, smoke suppressants, and hydrocarbon diluents. 43. The method of claim 42, comprising: Claim 49   The complex ester is a molecule in which the polyol component has one or more β hydrogen atoms. A polycarboxylic acid having at least two carboxyl groups and a monocarboxylic acid A composite, unconstrained polyester, such that the polyester at 100 ° C. is about 3. 0 cSt ~ 20. Kinematic viscosity of 0cSt, pour point below about 0 ° C and smoke index of at least 75 43. The method of claim 42, comprising: Claim 50   The polyol component is an unhindered polyol having at least three hydroxyl groups. The polycarboxylic acid and the monocarboxylic acid having at least two carboxyl groups 50. The method of claim 49, comprising: Claim 51   The polyol / polycarboxylic acid molar ratio is about 0. 1/1. 50. The described method. Claim 52   The polyol is glycerin and the polycarboxylic acid is adipic acid 50. The method of claim 49, wherein said monocarboxylic acid is heptanoic acid. Claim 53   Extreme pressure additives, antifoaming agents, pour point depressants, rust or corrosion inhibitors, oxidation inhibitors, washing Additives selected from the group consisting of dispersants, dispersants, smoke suppressants, and hydrocarbon diluents. 50. The method of claim 49, comprising: Claim 54   The complex ester has a polyol component having at least three hydroxyl groups which are not bound. A polyol, a polycarboxylic acid having at least two carboxyl groups, Containing a monocarboxylic acid and a monol,   The polyester is about 3. 0cSt ~ 20. Kinematic viscosity of 0cSt and flow below about 0 ℃ 43. The method of claim 42, having points and a smoke index of at least 75. Claim 55   The polyol / polycarboxylic acid molar ratio is about 0. 1/1. The method according to claim 42, wherein the value is 0 to 1/1. The method described. Claim 56   The polycarboxylic acid has at least two carboxyl groups and 2 to 54 carbon atoms. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein the monol has 2 to 20 carbon atoms. Claim 57   The composite, unhindered polyester is glycerin-adipic-nonanoic acid / octane. 43. The polyester of claim 42, wherein each of the polyesters is a polyester in a molar ratio of 1/2/1/2. the method of. Claim 58   The composite, unhindered polyester is glycerin-adipic-heptanoic / 43.The polyester of claim 42, wherein each of the xanols is a polyester in a molar ratio of 1/2/1/2. the method of. Claim 59   Extreme pressure additives, antifoaming agents, pour point depressants, rust or corrosion inhibitors, oxidation inhibitors, washing Additives selected from the group consisting of dispersants, dispersants, smoke suppressants, and hydrocarbon diluents. 43. The method of claim 42, comprising: Claim 60   In the ester, the polyol component is a constrained polyol, and the carboxylic acid component is An ester which is a monocarboxylic acid and a polycarboxylic acid or a combination thereof; 43. The method according to claim 42. Claim 61   The method according to claim 1, wherein the ester is a dipentaerythritol ester of pentanoic acid. 54. The method according to 54. Claim 62   The method according to claim 54, wherein the ester is trimethylolpropane tristearate. The described method. Claim 63   55. The ester is pentaerythritol tetraoctadecenoate. The method described in. Claim 64   The ester is a complex of trimethylolpropane-dimer acid-octadecenoic acid 55. The method of claim 54, which is an ester. Claim 65   The ester is trimethylolpropane-isotridecanol-adipic acid. 55. The method of claim 54, which is a complex ester. Claim 66   Extreme pressure additives, antifoaming agents, pour point depressants, rust or corrosion inhibitors, oxidation inhibitors, washing Additives selected from the group consisting of dispersants, dispersants, smoke suppressants, and hydrocarbon diluents. 55. The method of claim 54, comprising: Claim 67   An improvement of a two-stroke internal combustion engine including lubricating oil,   The lubricating oil is (a) having a viscosity of about 2 cSt or less at 100 ° C, a flash point of 200 ° C or less, and 20 or less carbon atoms A first ester; (b) an ester base obtained by mixing the first ester and the second ester Stock is about 3. 0cSt ~ 20. A viscosity of 0 cSt and a smoke index of at least 75 The second ester having a viscosity having Improvements including. Claim 68   68. The two cycle of claim 67, wherein said first ester is isodecyl nonanoate. Engine. Claim 69   68. The method of claim 67, wherein the first ester is methyl octadecenoate. Kulu engine. Claim 70   68. The method of claim 67, wherein said first ester is isononyl isononanoate. Icle engine. Claim 71   Wherein the second ester is a dimer acid ester of diethylene glycol; A two-stroke engine according to claim 67. Claim 72   Wherein the second ester is pentaerythritol tetraoctadecenoate. A two-stroke engine according to claim 67. Claim 73   The second ester is trimethylolpropane-dimer acid-octadecenoic acid 67. The two-stroke engine of claim 67, which is a complex ester of Claim 74   Said lubricating oils are extreme pressure additives, antifoaming agents, pour point depressants, rust or corrosion inhibitors, Selected from the group consisting of oxidation inhibitors, detergents, dispersants, smoke suppressants, and hydrocarbon diluents 68. The two-stroke engine of claim 67, further comprising an additive. Claim 75   An improvement of a two-stroke internal combustion engine including lubricating oil,   The lubricating oil is (a) a linear oligoester having a molecular weight of 3000 daltons or less; (b) one or more polyol components Composite, unhindered polyester such as a molecule having a beta hydrogen atom of A composite in which the riol component is an unhindered polyol having at least three hydroxyl groups. If unbound polyester; (d) polyol component is a bound polyol; The carboxylic acid component may be a monocarboxylic or polycarboxylic acid or a mixture thereof. Ester, An improvement comprising one or more esters selected from the group consisting of: Claim 76   The complex ester is a linear oligoester having a molecular weight of 3000 daltons or less. 78. The two-stroke engine of claim 75. Claim 77   The oligoester contains dipropylene glycol-azelaic acid-nonanoic acid. 76. The two-stroke engine of claim 75, which is an oligoester. Claim 78   The oligoester includes dipropylene glycol-adipic acid-nonanoic acid 76. The two-stroke engine of claim 75, which is an oligoester. Claim 79   The oligoester is diethylene len glycol-azelaic acid-nonanoic acid 76. The two-stroke engine of claim 75, which is an oligoester comprising. Claim 80   The oligoester is a dimer acid ester of diethylene glycol. 75. The two-stroke engine according to claim 75. Claim 81   Extreme pressure additives, antifoaming agents, pour point depressants, rust or corrosion inhibitors, oxidation inhibitors, washing Additives selected from the group consisting of dispersants, dispersants, smoke suppressants, and hydrocarbon diluents. 78. The two-stroke engine of claim 75, comprising: Claim 82   The complex ester is a molecule in which the polyol component has one or more β hydrogen atoms. A polycarboxylic acid having at least two carboxyl groups and a monocarboxylic acid Composite, unconstrained polyester, including   The polyester is about 3. 0cSt ~ 20. Kinematic viscosity of 0cSt and flow below about 0 ℃ 78. The two-stroke cycle of claim 75, having a point and a smoke index of at least 75. Carrot. Claim 83   The polyol component is an unhindered polyol having at least three hydroxyl groups. The polycarboxylic acid and the monocarboxylic acid having at least two carboxyl groups 83. The two-stroke engine of claim 82, comprising: Claim 84   The polyol / polycarboxylic acid molar ratio is about 0. 1/1. Claim 82, wherein 0 to 4/1. On-board two-stroke engine. Claim 85   The polyol is glycerin and the polycarboxylic acid is adipic acid 83. The two-cycle engine of claim 82, wherein the monocarboxylic acid is heptanoic acid. N. Claim 86   Extreme pressure additives, antifoaming agents, pour point depressants, rust or corrosion inhibitors, oxidation inhibitors, washing Additives selected from the group consisting of dispersants, dispersants, smoke suppressants, and hydrocarbon diluents. 78. The two-stroke engine of claim 75, comprising: Claim 87   The complex ester has a polyol component having at least three hydroxyl groups which are not bound. A polyol, a polycarboxylic acid having at least two carboxyl groups, Carboxylic acid and a monol, wherein the polyester is about 3. 0cSt ~ 20. Has a kinematic viscosity of 0 cSt, a pour point below about 0 ° C, and a smoke index of at least 75 78. The two-stroke engine of claim 75. Claim 88   The polyol / polycarboxylic acid molar ratio is about 0. 1/1. Claim 87: wherein the value is from 0 to about 1/1. A two-stroke engine as described. Claim 89   The polycarboxylic acid has at least two carboxyl groups and 2 to 54 carbon atoms. 91. The two cycle of claim 87, wherein the monol has 2 to 20 carbon atoms. Engine. Claim 90   The composite, unhindered polyester is glycerin-adipic-nonanoic acid / octa. 90.The method of claim 87 wherein each of the phenols is a polyester in a molar ratio of 1/2/1/2. Law. Claim 91   The composite, unhindered polyester is glycerin-adipic-heptanoic acid / hexane. The polyester according to claim 87, which is a polyester with a molar ratio of 1/2/1/2 of each of the sanols. Two-cycle engine. Claim 92   Extreme pressure additives, antifoaming agents, pour point depressants, rust or corrosion inhibitors, oxidation inhibitors, washing Additives selected from the group consisting of dispersants, dispersants, smoke suppressants, and hydrocarbon diluents. 90. The two-stroke engine of claim 87, comprising: Claim 93   In the ester, the polyol component is a constrained polyol, and the carboxylic acid component is The monocarboxylic acid and the polycarboxylic acid or a combination thereof according to claim 75. On-board two-stroke engine. Claim 94   The method according to claim 1, wherein the ester is a dipentaerythritol ester of pentanoic acid. 93. Two-stroke engine according to 93. Claim 95   The ester of claim 93, wherein the ester is trimethylolpropane tristearate. A two-stroke engine as described. Claim 96   93.The ester is pentaerythritol tetraoctadecenoate 2. A two-stroke engine according to claim 1. Claim 97   The ester is a complex of trimethylolpropane-dimer acid-octadecenoic acid 68. The two-stroke engine according to claim 67, which is an ester. Claim 98   The ester is trimethylolpropane-isotridecanol-adipic acid. 68. The two-stroke engine of claim 67, which is a complex ester. Claim 99   Extreme pressure additives, antifoaming agents, pour point depressants, rust or corrosion inhibitors, oxidation inhibitors, washing Additives selected from the group consisting of dispersants, dispersants, smoke suppressants, and hydrocarbon diluents. 67. The two-stroke engine of claim 67, comprising: Claim 100   Smokeless 2-cycle engine lubrication produced through the following ester mixing process Oil ester basestock. (a) having a viscosity of about 2 cSt or less at 100 ° C, a flash point of 200 ° C or less, and a carbon atom of 20 or less. An ester of 1; (b) The product ester basestock at 100 ° C. is about 3. 0cSt ~ 20. 0cSt viscosity A second ester having a viscosity such that it has a degree and a smoke index of at least 75. Claim 101   The ester of claim 100, wherein said first ester is isodecyl nonanoate. Le base stock. Claim 102   110. The method of claim 100, wherein said first ester is methyl octadecenoate. Ter base stock. Claim 103   The method of claim 100, wherein the first ester is isononyl isononanoate. Steal base stock. Claim 104   Wherein the second ester is a dimer acid ester of diethylene glycol; An ester basestock according to claim 100. Claim 105   Wherein the second ester is pentaerythritol tetraoctadecenoate. An ester basestock according to claim 100. Claim 106   The second ester is trimethylolpropane-dimer acid-octadecenoic acid The ester basestock of claim 100, which is a complex ester of Claim 107   Extreme pressure additives, antifoaming agents, pour point depressants, rust or corrosion inhibitors, oxidation inhibitors, washing Additives selected from the group consisting of dispersants, dispersants, smoke suppressants, and hydrocarbon diluents. The ester basestock of claim 100, comprising: Claim 108   Dicarboxylic acid and diol in the presence of monocarboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid To produce linear oligoesters having a molecular weight of 3000 daltons or less The product is an ester basestock of smokeless two-stroke engine lubricating oil. Claim 109   The oligoester contains dipropylene glycol-azelaic acid-nonanoic acid. 111. The ester basestock of claim 108, which is an oligoester. Claim 110   The oligoester includes dipropylene glycol-adipic acid-nonanoic acid 111. The ester basestock of claim 108, which is an oligoester. Claim 111   The oligoester is diethylene len glycol-azelaic acid-nonanoic acid 111. The ester basestock of claim 108, which is an oligoester comprising. Claim 112   The oligoester is a dimer acid ester of diethylene glycol. 108. The ester basestock of claim 108. Claim 113   Extreme pressure additives, antifoaming agents, pour point depressants, rust or corrosion inhibitors, oxidation inhibitors, washing Additives selected from the group consisting of dispersants, dispersants, smoke suppressants, and hydrocarbon diluents. 109. The ester basestock of claim 108, comprising: Claim 114   An ester basestock for smokeless two-stroke engine lubricants, with one or more Polyols with at least two carboxyl groups A product of a step comprising reacting a carboxylic acid with a monocarboxylic acid, The polyester is about 3. 0cSt ~ 20. Kinematic viscosity of 0cSt and pour point below about 0 ° C And ester basestocks with a smoke index of at least 75. Claim 115   The polyol component is an unhindered polyol having at least three hydroxyl groups. A polycarboxylic acid having at least two carboxyl groups and a monocarboxylic acid 115. The ester basestock of claim 114, comprising an acid. Claim 116   The polyol / polycarboxylic acid molar ratio is about 0. 1/1. Claim 114. The described ester basestock. Claim 117   The polyol is glycerin and the polycarboxylic acid is adipic acid 115. The ester base of claim 114, wherein said monocarboxylic acid is heptanoic acid. stock. Claim 118   Extreme pressure additives, antifoaming agents, pour point depressants, rust or corrosion inhibitors, oxidation inhibitors, washing Additives selected from the group consisting of dispersants, dispersants, smoke suppressants, and hydrocarbon diluents. 115. The ester basestock of claim 114, comprising: Claim 119   An ester basestock for smokeless two-stroke engine lubricants, at least Unbound polyol with 3 hydroxyl groups and at least 2 carboxyl groups A process comprising reacting a polycarboxylic acid, a monocarboxylic acid and a monol. Product   The polyester is about 3. 0cSt ~ 20. Kinematic viscosity of 0cSt and flow below about 0 ℃ An ester basestock having points and a smoke index of at least 75. Claim 120   The polyol / polycarboxylic acid molar ratio is about 0. 1/1. Claim 119, wherein 0-1/1. The described ester basestock. Claim 121   The polycarboxylic acid has at least two carboxyl groups and 2 to 54 carbon atoms. 120. The ester of claim 119, wherein said monol has 2 to 20 carbon atoms. Le base stock. Claim 122   The composite, unhindered polyester is glycerin-adipic-nonanoic acid / octa. 119.The polyester of claim 119, wherein each of the polyesters is a polyester in a molar ratio of 1/2/1/2 of the phenol. Steal base stock. Claim 123   The composite, unhindered polyester is glycerin-adipic-heptanoic acid / hexane. Claim 119. Ester basestock. Claim 124   Extreme pressure additives, antifoaming agents, pour point depressants, rust or corrosion inhibitors, oxidation inhibitors, washing Additives selected from the group consisting of dispersants, dispersants, smoke suppressants, and hydrocarbon diluents. 120. The ester basestock of claim 119, comprising: Claim 125   In the lubricating oil, the polyol component is a bound polyol and the carboxylic acid component is Including esters such as carboxylic acids and polycarboxylic acids or combinations thereof. 43. The method of claim 42. Claim 126   The method according to claim 1, wherein the ester is a dipentaerythritol ester of pentanoic acid. 125. The method according to 125. Claim 127   126.The ester is trimethylolpropane tristearate. The method described in. Claim 128   13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the ester is pentaerythritol tetraoctadecenoate. The method according to 5. Claim 129   The ester is a complex of trimethylolpropane-dimer acid-octadecenoic acid 126. The method of claim 125, which is an ester. Claim 130   The ester is trimethylolpropane-isotridecanol-adipic acid. 126. The method of claim 125, which is a complex ester. Claim 131   Extreme pressure additives, antifoaming agents, pour point depressants, rust or corrosion inhibitors, oxidation inhibitors, washing Additives selected from the group consisting of dispersants, dispersants, smoke suppressants, and hydrocarbon diluents. 126. The method of claim 125, comprising: