JPH1150432A - Fender device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To increase the maximum reactive force, by providing a receive part for compressive forces and a pair of support legs opened in the state that an angle against the fitting face is set at a specified value to support the receive part from the back side and also providing an auxiliary spring constantly keeping the reactive force as the whole device after the buckling deformation of the support legs resulting from the compressive force, together with a protective member. SOLUTION: This fender is provided with a protective member 1 of the fender and an auxiliary spring member 2. The protective member 1 is constituted of a buffering part 11 for a compressive force from a vessel or the like and support legs 12, 12 arranged in their opened state. The opened angle θ is set at 75 degrees or larger. When the angle θ is set at 90 degrees, the buckling deformation of the legs becomes difficult. When a compressive force acts on the buffering part 11, the support legs 12, 12 are elastically deformed and a reactive force is brought. The reactive force increases gradually until the compressive displacement reaches a specified value, but when it becomes larger than the value, the support legs 12, 12 are deformed to buckle and the reactive force decreases. And hence, the maximum reactive force can be increased by the combination of the protective member and the auxiliary spring member 2.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fender functioning as a cushioning material when berthing to a quay of a ship or the like and when mooring.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Various types of fenders are known as a fender that functions as a cushioning material when a ship or the like berths at a quay of a harbor or when a moored ship or the like is moored to the quay. In particular, solid-type fenders formed of thick rubber are widely and generally used because of their simple structure and hard to break.

The above-mentioned solid type fenders are classified into a gradually increasing type and a constant reaction type on the basis of the compression amount-reaction characteristic. The constant reaction type has the same size. Due to the increased absorption energy, it is more widespread than the incremental type. As shown in FIG. 9, for example, as shown in FIG. 9, the constant-reaction-type fender 9 has a flat receiving portion 91 which receives a compressive force (indicated by a white arrow in the figure) from a ship or the like. , A pair of plate-shaped supporting leg portions 9 which are arranged with the legs spread in a divergent shape.
2, 92 have a shape supported from behind.

The constant-reaction-type fender 9 is provided with a receiving portion 91.
When the above-mentioned compression force is applied, as shown by the solid line curve in FIG. 8, the reaction force gradually increases due to the elastic deformation of the support legs 92, 92 according to the compression amount up to a certain compression amount. But
Ideally, when the compression amount exceeds a certain value, the two supporting leg portions 92 buckle and deform, and as the name suggests, the subsequent reaction force becomes almost constant.

[0005]

However, in the actual constant reaction type fender 9, as shown by the two-dot chain line curve in FIG. 8, the supporting leg portions 92, 92 are buckled and deformed. Later reaction force tends to decrease. This phenomenon increases the angle (θ in FIG. 9) of the supporting leg portions 92, 92 with respect to the mounting surface 3 such as the quay in order to improve the maximum reaction force (S1 in FIG. 8) of the fender. In particular, as shown in FIG. 7, when the angle θ is 75 ° or more, the reduction in the reaction force is so remarkable that it can no longer be said to be a constant reaction force type as compared to the case of an angle smaller than 75 °. It may become too large to function sufficiently as a cushioning material.

For this reason, a fender in which the angle θ of the supporting leg with respect to the mounting surface is 75 ° or more can improve the maximum reaction force in the same size as compared with a fender having an angle smaller than 75 °. Nevertheless, it has not yet been put to practical use. An object of the present invention is to provide a fender in which an angle θ of a supporting leg with respect to a mounting surface is set to 75 ° or more in order to improve a maximum reaction force, and furthermore, a constant reaction type compression amount-reaction force. An object of the present invention is to provide a new fender having characteristics.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the inventor made various studies and found that the above-mentioned fenders had
It has been found that an auxiliary spring member for assisting the reaction force after the bearing leg is buckled may be combined. That is,
A compressive force acts on the receiving part of the fender, causing the supporting leg to buckle and the amount of compression corresponding to the inflection point at which the reaction force of the fender changes from increasing to decreasing, or less. When the fender is compressed to a predetermined compression amount and deformed, if both are arranged so that a compressive force acts on the auxiliary spring member, the reaction force after the bearing leg buckles and deforms will be reduced. It has been clarified that a constant reaction force type compression amount-reaction force characteristic can be obtained while being suppressed.

Accordingly, the present invention provides (a) a receiving portion for receiving a compressive force and a state in which the angle θ to the mounting surface is set to 75 ° ≦ θ <90 ° in order to support the receiving portion from behind. A pair of support legs, which are arranged in a flared shape and are arranged in a flared shape, and which are formed in a plate shape entirely of an elastic material, and when the receiving portion receives a compressive force, the pair of support legs Is elastically deformed to generate a reaction force, and the reaction force gradually increases in accordance with the amount of compression up to a certain amount of compression, but when the amount of compression exceeds a certain value, the support leg buckles and the reaction force is reduced. A fender having a decreasing compression amount-reaction force characteristic, and (b) the fender, which is disposed in a space surrounded by the receiving portion and the pair of supporting legs, and is provided together with the fender. Auxiliary spring part that keeps the reaction force of the whole device almost constant after the bearing leg of the fender is buckled and deformed by the compressive force A fender comprising: a supporting member that receives no compression force on the receiving portion of the fender and does not compressively deform the support leg; And the amount of compression corresponding to the inflection point at which the reaction force of the fender turns from increasing to decreasing due to the compression force acting and the supporting leg buckling, or less When the fender is compressed to a predetermined compression amount, the auxiliary spring member contacts only the receiving portion from behind while maintaining a non-contact state with the pair of supporting legs, thereby preventing the fender. It is characterized in that both of the above are arranged so as to receive a compressive force together with the port material.

[0009]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings showing an example of the embodiment. As shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b), the fender of this example includes a fender 1 and an auxiliary spring member 2. Among them, the fender 1 reduces a compressive force from a ship or the like. The receiving portion 11 includes a pair of support legs 12, 12, which are arranged so as to spread out in a divergent manner in order to support the receiving portion 11 from behind.

The receiving portion 11 includes, but is not limited to, a frame made of a steel plate and a surface layer made of a synthetic resin having a small friction coefficient such as polyethylene and nylon laminated on the surface of the frame. And the like. Further, at a position opposite to the auxiliary spring member 2 at the center of the back surface of the receiving portion 11, when the fender 1 is compressed and deformed by a predetermined amount, it comes into contact with the receiving portion 21 of the auxiliary spring member 2, In order to transmit a compressive force from a ship or the like to the auxiliary spring member 2 as indicated by a white arrow in the drawing, a flat spacer 13 for adjusting the timing of the contact is provided.

On the other hand, the supporting leg portion 12 is integrally formed in a plate shape with an elastic material such as rubber, and has a base end on the side of the receiving portion 11 with a flange extending in both the inner and outer directions. The portions 12a and 12b are formed so as to protrude, and in the base end portion including both the flange portions 12a and 12b, when the support leg portion 12 is deformed due to berthing of a ship or the like, these portions are also deformed. A washer Z1 is buried to prevent this.

The two flange portions 12a, 12b
The bolt B is inserted into a through hole formed in the washer Z1, and is screwed into a screw hole (not shown) formed on the back surface of the receiving portion 11, so that the pair of supporting leg portions 12, 12
Are fixed to the back surface of the receiving section 11 to form the fender 1. Flanges 12c and 12d are formed at the tip of the support leg 12 in both the inner and outer directions, and the tip including both flanges 12c and 12d is also provided with a ship or the like. A washer Z2 is buried to prevent the support leg 12 from being deformed to these portions when the support leg 12 is deformed by berthing.

The two flange portions 12c, 12d
A bolt (not shown) buried in the mounting surface 3 such as a quay is inserted into a through hole formed in the washer Z2, and a nut N is screwed onto the protruding bolt to thereby provide the fender 1
Is fixed to the mounting surface 3. In addition, the bearing leg 1
2, the base end portion including both flange portions 12a and 12b and washer Z1, and the front end portion including both flange portions 12c and 12d and washer Z2 are both in the same direction and at the same angle with respect to the main body of bearing leg portion 12. It is provided only at an inclination.

The two support legs 12, 12
Are configured to be arranged with the legs spread apart from the receiving portion 11 in a state of being set at a predetermined angle θ with respect to the mounting surface 3. The angle θ is set to 75 ° or more as described above. The reason is as described above. When the angle θ is 90 °, the buckling deformation of the support leg 12 becomes difficult, and the direction and shape of the buckling deformation become inconsistent (if the angle θ is less than 90 °,
The direction and the shape of the buckling deformation are defined by the direction of the inclination), so that the angle θ needs to be less than 90 °.

As described above, the fender 1 is provided with a pair of support legs 12, 12 when the receiving portion 11 receives a compressive force.
Is elastically deformed to generate a reaction force, and the reaction force gradually increases according to the amount of compression up to a certain amount of compression, but when the amount of compression exceeds a certain value, the bearing legs 12, 12 buckle and deform. It has a compression amount-reaction characteristic in which the reaction force is reduced. Therefore, the auxiliary spring member 2 combined with the fender 1 receives a compressive force together with the fender 1 so as to achieve a constant reaction force type compression amount-reaction characteristic as a whole of the device. In this state, in order to function so as to keep the reaction force of the apparatus as a whole substantially constant, its compression amount-reaction characteristic is defined. More specifically, for example, the fender 1 shown by hatching in FIG.
In order to compensate for the decrease in the reaction force after the supporting leg portions 12 buckle and deform, a member having a constant reaction force type compression amount-reaction force characteristic is preferably used as the auxiliary spring member 2. You.

In the example shown in the drawing, the auxiliary spring member 2 has a receiving portion 21 that receives a compressive force from the fender 1, and the supporting portion 21 is opened in a divergent shape to support the receiving portion 21 from behind. A small-sized unit in which a pair of arranged support legs 22, 22 and flanges 23, 23 formed outward from the distal ends of both support legs 22, 22, are integrally formed of an elastic material such as rubber. Fenders are used.

When the support legs 22, 22 are deformed by receiving the compressive force from the fender 1, the front ends of the two support legs 22, 22, including the flanges 23, 23, respectively, Washers Z3, Z3 for preventing deformation to these parts are buried. The above-mentioned auxiliary spring member 2 includes two flange portions 23, 23 and washers Z3, Z3.
A bolt (not shown) buried in the mounting surface 3 such as a quay is inserted into a through hole formed in the pier, and a nut N is screwed onto the protruding bolt to be fixed to the mounting surface 3.

The mounting position is in the space surrounded by the receiving portion 11 and the pair of supporting legs 12 and 12 of the fender 1 as shown in the figure. 1 and the auxiliary spring member 2 need to be arranged so as to satisfy the following conditions. In a state in which no compressive force is applied to the receiving portion 11 of the fender 1 and the supporting legs 12 are not compressed and deformed, the auxiliary spring member 2 moves the receiving portion 11 and the supporting legs 12, 12. Does not contact any of them. A compressive force acts on the receiving portion 11 of the fender 1 as shown by a white arrow in the figure, and the supporting legs 12 and 12 buckle and the reaction force of the fender 1 increases. When the fender 1 is compressed and deformed to a compression amount corresponding to the inflection point at which the fender turns to decrease or a predetermined compression amount less than that, the auxiliary spring member 2
However, while maintaining a non-contact state with the pair of supporting legs 12, 12, the receiving unit 21 is attached to the spacer 13 on the rear surface of the receiving unit 11.
And receives compressive force together with the fender 1.

The most important of the above conditions is the fender 1
This is the timing of contact between the spacer 13 and the receiving portion 21 of the auxiliary spring member 2. In other words, if the pair of supporting legs 12, 12 of the fender 1 is buckled and deformed, and the reaction force of the fender 1 is greatly reduced, the two contact each other. The compression-reaction characteristics of the reaction type cannot be achieved.

Both correspond to an inflection point at which the pair of supporting legs 12, 12 of the fender 1 is buckled and deformed as described above, and the reaction force of the fender 1 changes from increasing to decreasing. When the fender 1 is compressed and deformed to a predetermined amount of compression or less, it is necessary to contact each other. In order to adjust the contact timing as described above, the dimensions and shapes of the fender 1, particularly the bearing legs 12 and 12, or the dimensions and shapes of the auxiliary spring member 2 may be adjusted. In such a case, the compression amount-reaction force characteristics of both may be affected.

Therefore, the fender 1 and the auxiliary spring member 2 are dimensioned so as to exhibit ideal compression-reaction characteristics, and the thickness of the spacer 13, that is, the lower surface of the spacer 13, as described above. It is desirable to adjust the contact timing between the auxiliary spring member 2 and the upper surface of the receiving portion 21 by adjusting the distance between the two (G in FIG. 1A).

In some cases, depending on the dimensions and shapes of the fender 1 and the auxiliary spring member 2, the timing of contact may be most suitable without the spacer 13, and in that case, the spacer 13 may be omitted. Good. In addition, the auxiliary spring member 2 needs to maintain a non-contact state with the pair of support legs 12, 12 of the fender 1 in any of the above-described states.

If the above two members come into contact with each other in any state, deformation of one or both of the fender 1 and the auxiliary spring member 2 due to compression is impeded. The device cannot have an ideal constant reaction type compression amount-reaction characteristic. For example, as shown in FIG. 5 of JP-A-56-100914, an auxiliary spring member 5 'is connected to a fender 2'.
When the auxiliary spring member 5 'is completely brought into close contact with the pair of supporting legs, the portion of the auxiliary spring member 5' which expands outward by compression is
Since the supporting leg portion of the fender 2 'is located at a position close to the tip portion fixed to the quay, the compression deformation of the auxiliary spring member 5' is inhibited, and the designed compression amount-reaction characteristic is exhibited. Predicted to be impossible.

The configuration of the fender according to the present invention is not limited to the above-described example shown in the drawings. For example, fender 1
The receiving portion 11 and the two support legs 12, 12 may be integrally formed of an elastic material such as rubber. Conversely, the auxiliary spring member 2 may be formed by combining a rigid flat plate-shaped receiving plate and a support leg formed of an elastic material such as rubber.

Alternatively, as the auxiliary spring member 2, other than the small fender shown in the figure, a spring member having another structure such as a coil spring may be employed. Others
Various design changes can be made without changing the gist of the present invention.

[0026]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below based on embodiments. Example 1 <Manufacture of fender 1> A washer Z1 in which a rubber composition having a base rubber of a mixed rubber of natural rubber and butadiene rubber at a weight ratio of 60:40 is embedded in the base end of the bearing leg 12. 2 of thickness 25mm, width 690mm, length 980mm as
25 mm in thickness, 690 mm in width, and 98 in length as washers Z <b> 2 embedded in the tip of the support leg 12
By charging the base rubber together with two 0 mm steel plates and heating under pressure to vulcanize the base rubber, it has the shape shown in FIGS. 1 (a) (b) and 2 (a) (b). And the thickness D11 of the main body of the bearing leg 12 is 265 mm, the height H12 is 1000 mm,
Two bearing legs 12 having a length L11 of 1000 mm, an angle θ of 76 ° with respect to the mounting surface, and a hardness of 67 ° in JIS A hardness were manufactured.

The pair of bearing legs 12, 12 are
Thickness 215mm, width 2800mm, length 1500mm
Is fixed to the back surface of the plate-shaped receiving portion 11 using bolts B, the overall height H11 is 1215 mm, and the outer flange portions 12c, 12 of the pair of support legs 12, 12 on the distal end side.
The width W11 between c is 2800 mm, and the inner flange 12
A fender 1 having a width W12 between d and 12d of 1400 mm was manufactured.

The fender 1 was fixed to the bed of a 500-ton hydraulic press and compressed. And the reaction force (ton) at that time was measured, and the result shown by the solid curve in FIG. 4 was obtained. 4, in the fender 1 described above, the point where the compression amount is 280 mm corresponds to the inflection point at which the bearing legs 12, 12 undergo buckling deformation and the reaction force changes from increasing to decreasing. It was confirmed that. <Manufacture of Auxiliary Spring Member 2> The same rubber composition as described above was charged into a mold together with two steel plates having a thickness of 19 mm, a width of 480 mm, and a length of 980 mm (washers Z3 embedded at the base end of the support leg 23). By heating under pressure and vulcanizing the base rubber, it has the shape shown in FIGS. 1 (a) (b) and 3 (a) (b), and the thickness T21 of the receiving portion 21 is 158mm, width W23
Is 390 mm, the thickness D21 of the support leg 22 is 158 mm,
Flange portions 23, 2 at the tips of a pair of support leg portions 22, 22
The width W21 between the three is 1200 mm, and both flange portions 23, 23
Width W22 between through holes into which bolts for fixing are inserted
Is 960 mm, height H21 is 600 mm, and length L21 is 10
The auxiliary spring member 2 having a thickness of 00 mm and a hardness of 67 ° in JIS A hardness was manufactured.

The auxiliary spring member 2 is fixed to a bed of a 500-ton hydraulic press to perform compression (m
m, the height of the auxiliary spring member 2 is 600 mm, which is the initial value.
Mm), and the reaction force (t
on), the result of FIG. 5 was obtained. When this result is compared with the result of FIG. 4 described above, assuming that the reaction force of the auxiliary spring member 2 is about 90% of the present, the bearing legs 12, 12 of the fender 1 after the buckling deformation. It has been found that the reaction force of the entire apparatus can be kept almost constant.

Therefore, except that the overall length L21 is 900 mm and the length of the washer Z3 embedded in the flange portion 23 is 880 mm, the auxiliary spring member 2 having the same shape and dimensions as described above is used.
Was newly manufactured and used for the following compression test. <Compression Test> The newly manufactured auxiliary spring member 2 having a length of 900 mm and the fender 1 were both 500
A fender of Example 1 was fixed to a bed of a ton hydraulic press so as to have a positional relationship shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b). In the center of the back surface of the receiving section 11 of the fender 1, the distance G in FIG.
A spacer 13 having a thickness T11 of 120 mm so as to be 0 mm (width W13 is 600 mm and length L12 is 1000
mm) was fixed.

The amount of compression (mm, indicating how many mm the height of the auxiliary spring member 2 was compressed from the initial value of 600 mm) when compression was performed by the hydraulic press, and the reaction force (ton) As shown by the broken line in FIG. 4, the decrease in the reaction force (the hatched portion in the figure) after the bearing legs 12, 12 of the fender 1 buckled and deformed is indicated by the auxiliary spring. This was compensated for by the reaction force of the member 2, and an ideal constant reaction force type compression amount-reaction characteristic was obtained for the entire apparatus.

Example 2 <Manufacture of fender 1> A fender having the same shape and dimensions was the same as that of Example 1 except that the angle θ of the bearing leg 12 with respect to the mounting surface was 85 °. Port material 1 was manufactured. The amount of compression (mm, the height of the fender 1 was reduced from the initial value of 1215 mm when the fender 1 was fixed to the bed of a 500-ton hydraulic press and compressed, and the mm was shown. )
And the reaction force (ton) at that time was measured.
The result shown by the solid curve was obtained. Also, from FIG.
In the fender 1 described above, similarly to the first embodiment, the point where the compression amount is 280 mm is an inflection where the bearing legs 12 and 12 undergo buckling deformation and the reaction force changes from increasing to decreasing. It was confirmed that they corresponded to points. <Manufacture of Auxiliary Spring Member 2> When the result of FIG. 5 is compared with the result of FIG. 6, when the reaction force of the auxiliary spring member 2 is about 132%, the support legs 12, 12 of the fender 1 are provided.
It was found that the reaction force of the device as a whole after buckling deformation could be kept almost constant.

Therefore, the total length L21 is set to 1320 mm,
The length of the washer Z3 embedded in the flange portion 23 is 1300 m.
An auxiliary spring member 2 having the same shape and the same dimensions as described above was manufactured except that m was used. <Compression test> The fender 1 and the auxiliary spring member 2 were fixed to the bed of a 500-ton hydraulic press so that the positional relationship shown in FIGS. Fender.

The center of the back surface of the receiving part 11 of the fender 1 is shown in FIG.
The thickness T11 is set to 1 so that the middle gap G becomes 280 mm.
In order to apply a compressive force to the entire auxiliary spring member 2 longer than the fender 1, the spacer 13 having a length L12 of 1400 mm (width W13 is 6
00 mm).

The amount of compression (mm, which indicates how much the height of the auxiliary spring member 2 was compressed from the initial value of 600 mm) when compression was performed by the hydraulic press, and the reaction force (ton) 6), as shown by the broken line in FIG. 6, the reduction in the reaction force after the bearing legs 12, 12 of the fender 1 has buckled and deformed (the hatched portion in the drawing) is the auxiliary spring. This was compensated for by the reaction force of the member 2, and an ideal constant reaction force type compression amount-reaction characteristic was obtained for the entire apparatus.

[0036]

As described in detail above, according to the present invention,
In order to improve the maximum reaction force, the fender in which the angle θ of the supporting leg with respect to the mounting surface is set to 75 ° or more, the reduction of the reaction force after buckling deformation of the bearing leg in the fender By combining the auxiliary spring members that compensate for the above, there is an effect that a specific fender having a constant reaction force type compression amount-reaction force characteristic can be obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a view showing an example of an embodiment of a fender device of the present invention, wherein FIG. 1 (a) is a front view and FIG. 1 (b) is a side view.

FIG. 2 is a view showing a fender in the fender, wherein FIG. 2 (a) is a front view and FIG. 2 (b) is a side view.

FIG. 3 is a view showing an auxiliary spring member of the fender, wherein FIG. 3 (a) is a front view and FIG. 3 (b) is a side view.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the compression amount-reaction force characteristics of the fender of the first embodiment and the fender used in the first embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing a compression amount-reaction characteristic of an auxiliary spring member having a length of 1 m, which is a base of the auxiliary spring member used in the fenders of Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing compression-reaction characteristics of the fender of the second embodiment and the fender used in the second embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a graph showing a relationship between an angle θ of a bearing leg of a fender with respect to a mounting surface and a compression amount-reaction force characteristic.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing ideal and actual compression amount-reaction characteristics of a constant-reaction-type fender.

FIG. 9 is a front view showing an example of a conventional fender.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fender 11 Receiving part 12 Bearing leg 2 Auxiliary spring member

Claims (1)

[Claims] (A) A receiving portion for receiving a compressive force and a diverging portion in which the angle θ with respect to the mounting surface is set to 75 ° ≦ θ <90 ° in order to support the receiving portion from behind. And a pair of support legs formed entirely of an elastic material in a plate shape, and the pair of support legs are elastically deformed when the receiving portion receives a compressive force. A reaction force is generated, and the reaction force gradually increases in accordance with the amount of compression up to a certain compression amount, but when the compression amount exceeds a certain value, the support leg buckles and the reaction force decreases. A fender having a mass-reaction force characteristic; and (b) the fender is disposed in a space surrounded by a receiving portion and a pair of supporting legs, and compresses the fender together with the fender. And an auxiliary spring member that keeps the reaction force of the entire device substantially constant after the bearing leg of the fender is buckled and deformed. In a state where no compressive force acts on the receiving portion of the fender and the supporting leg is not compressed and deformed, the auxiliary spring member does not contact either the receiving portion or the supporting leg, and The compressive force acts to buckle the supporting leg, and the fender reaches the inflection point corresponding to the inflection point at which the reaction force of the fender turns from increasing to decreasing or less than the specified amount of fender When the member is compressed, the auxiliary spring member contacts only the receiving portion from behind, while maintaining a non-contact state with the pair of supporting legs, and receives the compressive force together with the fender. And a fender having both of the above arrangements.