JP2001182037A - Fender - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a novel fender capable of unusually increasing an absorbable energy more without damaging a ship and a structure for constituting an installing surface. SOLUTION: Installing parts 12, 12 for installing support leg parts 11, 11 compressively deformed by applying a load at alongside time of a ship on an installing surface Q of a quay, are installed on the installing surface Q via sliding means 13, 13 for sliding the support leg parts 11, 11 in the mutually separating direction when compressively deformed when the load is applied.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fender functioning as a cushioning member for reducing an impact at the time of berthing on a quay of a ship.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For example, as shown in FIG. 8 (a), a shock receiving portion 90 having a flat plate shape is used as a buffer for absorbing energy when a ship berths at a quay or the like and mitigating the impact. A pair of supporting leg portions 91 extending rearward from the back surface of the receiving portion 90 and having distal ends formed as mounting portions 92 on the mounting surface Q such as a quay, and formed of an elastic material such as rubber. ,
The fender 9 provided with 91 is widely and generally used.

[0003] When a load is applied to the receiving portion 90 by the ship's berthing, the fender 9 first acts on the supporting legs 91, 91 as shown in FIG. While generating a reaction force, the bending starts at a position in the middle of the reaction, and finally buckles as shown in FIG. Then, the two supporting leg portions 91, 91 are deformed so that the gap between the receiving portion 90 and the mounting surface Q is crushed. Each of the supporting leg portions 91 is compressed and deformed as one rubber mass.

[0004] Fig. 9 shows the result of this process as a strain-reaction curve showing the amount of distortion of the fender 9 due to compression and the reaction force generated in the fender 9 at that time. That is, FIG.
From the normal state of FIG. 9 to the bent state of FIG. 9C via the state of FIG.
During this time, the supporting legs 91, 91 bent by receiving the load generate a reaction force to return to the original position, and the overall reaction force of the fender 9 increases.

However, the supporting legs 91, 91 almost lose the above-mentioned reaction force in the buckled state shown in FIG. Until the gap almost disappears, the reaction force of the fender 9 decreases. That is, the course from the maximum point A to the minimum point C is traced. When there is almost no gap between the receiving portion 90 and the mounting surface Q, the supporting legs 91, 91 behave as one rubber mass as described above, and again generate a large reaction force. After the minimum point C, the reaction force unilaterally increases.

[0006]

The range in which the fender having the characteristic curve as described above can be actually used is usually from the origin O, after the point C, the reaction force starts to increase again, and In terms of the amount of distortion up to the point B having the same reaction force value, the range is restricted from the origin O to the amount of distortion D. This is because, after the distortion amount D, the reaction force becomes too high, which may cause a problem such as damaging the hull.

Further, depending on the structure of the quay or the like constituting the mounting surface Q, the allowable reaction force may be limited. In such a case, a high reaction force exceeding the allowable reaction force is generated. When the fenders are compressed, the structure itself may be damaged. Therefore, the amount of energy that the fender 9 can absorb within the range of the allowable strain amount D is
This is equivalent to the area S _{1 of} a region partitioned by the above characteristic curve and the vertical axis passing through the point B.

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel fender capable of absorbing a larger amount of energy than before without damaging a ship or a structure constituting a mounting surface. It is in.

[0009]

Means for Solving the Problems and Effects of the Invention To solve the above problems, the fender of the present invention is formed by (a) a flat receiving portion and (b) an elastic material such as rubber. And
A pair of supporting legs, which extend rearward from the receiving portion and whose distal ends serve as mounting portions to a mounting surface such as a quay, are compressed and deformed when a load due to the ship's berthing is applied. When the load is applied and the pair of supporting legs are compressed and deformed, at least one of the mounting portions of the both supporting legs is slid in a direction in which the mounting portions are separated from each other. , And is attached to the mounting surface via sliding means.

In the fender according to the present invention, at least one of the two mounting portions at the ends of the pair of supporting legs fixed so as not to move with respect to the mounting surface is replaced by the above-mentioned one. As shown in FIG. 8 (c), when the load due to the ship's berthing is applied, the two mounting portions are slid in the direction away from each other by the sliding means, so that the bent both supporting legs are shown in FIG. The buckling state and the timing from the buckling state to a state in which the gap between the receiving portion and the mounting surface almost disappears can be delayed.

Therefore, the range of the allowable distortion D from the maximum point A to the point B is expanded to the distortion D 'up to the point B' as shown in FIG. The amount of energy that can be absorbed by the fender can be increased. Although not shown, the above timing can be further delayed as the amount of sliding of the mounting portion with the same amount of distortion is increased, so that the upper limit of the reaction force generated when a load due to the ship's berthing is applied. It is possible to further increase the amount of energy that can be absorbed by the fender while maintaining the same.

Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to increase the amount of energy that can be absorbed by a fender without, for example, causing damage to a structure having a prescribed allowable reaction force or a ship. When the amount of energy that can be absorbed is the same, the size of the fender can be made smaller than before. In addition, the fender of the present invention preferably includes a slide suppressing unit that generates a force in a reverse direction according to the amount of sliding in order to suppress sliding of the mounting portion when a load is applied. .

According to this configuration, the amount of energy that can be absorbed by the fender can be increased by the amount of the force for suppressing the sliding of the mounting portion by the above-mentioned sliding suppressing means, and the rapid sliding of the mounting portion can be achieved. There is an advantage that the impact can be reduced and damage to the sliding means, the mounting portion, the supporting leg portion, and the like can be prevented.

[Detailed Description of the Invention] The present invention will now be described with reference to embodiments thereof.
FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b), which show one example, and FIGS.
I will tell. As shown in these figures, the fender 1 of this example
Is a long flat plate receiving section 10 and a rear side of the receiving section 10
Towards the fixed angle with respect to the mounting surface Q such as quay
θ ₁It was extended to each other, and this is also a long
A pair of support legs 11, 11 in the form of a scale plate, and both support legs 1
Also a long flat plate provided at the tip of 1 and 11, respectively
Mounting portions 12, 12 on the mounting surface Q, the fender material body
1a is formed integrally with an elastic material such as rubber.
And both mounting portions 12, 1 of the fender body 1a.
2 each other when the load due to the ship's berthing is applied.
Slide in the direction in which they are separated (indicated by solid arrows in each figure)
Not directly against the mounting surface Q,
It is configured by attaching via the moving means 13, 13
I have.

[0015] Of the above, the receiving unit 10 is used to check the ship's berth.
This is the member that receives the contact,
There are no rigid members, such as steel plates, for reinforcement.
It may be buried. Also, the inside of the mounting portions 12
Although not shown, a reinforcing plate such as a steel plate
Rigid members may be embedded. The sliding means 13, 13
In the case of the example shown in the figure, a plurality of
Rails 131 and through holes formed in the mounting portion 12
12a ... fixed on the rail 131 ...
And a ball joint 132 that slides
The load is applied to the receiving part 10, and the supporting legs 11, 11
When bent, the supporting legs 11, 11
Fixed angle θ with respect to the mounting surface Q ₁With each other
FIG. 2
As shown in (a) to (c), a pair of mounting portions 12
Slide in the direction away from each other, as indicated by arrows.

The sliding means 13 is not limited to the combination of the rail 131 and the ball joint 132, and any other known sliding means can be used. In addition, the fender 1 in the example shown in the figure has a reverse direction (indicated by a dashed arrow in each figure) according to the amount of sliding in order to suppress the sliding of the mounting portion 12 by the sliding means 13, 13. And a sliding restraint means 14 for generating a force to the sliding member.

In the case of the example shown in the figure, the slide suppressing means 14 is fixed at an intermediate position between the two legs 11, 11 on the mounting surface Q.
A long plate-like spring fixing base 141 along the longitudinal direction of the fender 1
And a plurality of tension springs 142, one end of which is fixed to the spring fixing base 141 and the other end of which is fixed to the mounting portions 12, 12.
When the load is applied to the receiving portion 10 as described above and the pair of mounting portions 12, 12 are slid in a direction away from each other, the tension springs 142 are stretched. As shown by dashed arrows in each drawing,
By generating a force in the direction opposite to the sliding direction of 2, the sliding of the mounting portions 12, 12 is suppressed.

At this time, if tension springs having normal linear characteristics are used as the tension springs 142, for example, the tension springs are used at the final stage of sliding of the mounting portions 12, 12 as shown in FIG. 142 ... the force generated is too strong,
As a result of the rapid increase in the reaction force of the fender 1 as a whole, the allowable distortion amount D from the maximum point A to the point B in the characteristic curve of FIG. Therefore, as the tension springs 142, it is preferable to use a so-called softening spring having a characteristic that the amount of increase in the reaction force gradually decreases as the amount of strain increases as shown in FIG.

As such a softening spring, for example, a spring utilizing a part of the characteristics of a leaf spring, a combination of a plurality of coil springs, or a rubber spring whose cross-sectional area decreases with extension by tension is used. And the like. In addition, as the sliding suppressing means 14, the tension spring 14 is used.
2 and, for example, a pair of mounting portions 12, 1
It is also possible to employ a combination of a pair of spring fixing bases arranged outside each of the two, and a compression spring interposed between the spring fixing base and the mounting portions 12, 12. In that case, it is also preferable to use a so-called softening spring having a characteristic that the amount of increase in the reaction force gradually decreases in accordance with the increase in the amount of strain, as the compression spring.

Among the above components, the receiving portion 10, the supporting legs 11, 11 and the mounting portion 12, which constitute the fender body 1a,
Reference numeral 12 denotes, for example, charging an unvulcanized rubber compound and, if necessary, a plate-shaped rigid member embedded in the receiving portion 10 and the mounting portions 12 and 12 in a mold corresponding to the shape of each of the above-described portions. By heating and pressing, the rubber is vulcanized to be integrally formed as described above. Note that the receiving portion 10 is formed separately from a metal frame or the like, and two sets of supporting legs 11, 11 (each of which has a mounting portion 12, 1 at the tip thereof).
2 integrally formed) may be fixed with bolts or the like to form the fender body 1a.

When a load is applied to the receiving unit 10 by the berthing of a ship from the normal state shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b), ), The supporting legs 11, 11 start to bend, and by the action of the sliding means 13, 13, the mounting portions 12, 12 are separated from each other as shown by solid arrows in FIG. , And while receiving a force in the direction indicated by a broken-line arrow, which is opposite to the above-described sliding direction, by the slide suppressing means 14, 14.
The compression and deformation are performed in the order of FIG. 2 (b) → (c).

When the load is released, the support leg 11,
11 restores in the order of FIG. 2 (c) → (b) → (a) by its own restoring force, and the mounting portions 12, 12 slide in the direction approaching each other due to the restoring force. (a) (b)
Is restored to the normal state shown in FIG. Also, at this time, the sliding suppressing means 14 and 14 function to assist the mounting portions 12 and 12 in sliding in a direction approaching each other. The configuration of the fender according to the present invention is not limited to the above-described examples in the drawings, and various design changes can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.

[0023]

The present invention will be described below based on examples and comparative examples. Example 1 A rubber compound using a mixed rubber of natural rubber and butadiene rubber at a weight ratio of 6: 4 as a base rubber, and a thickness of 25 m
m, width 800 mm, length 980 mm, one steel plate (a rigid member embedded in the receiving portion 10), thickness 28 mm, width 68
0 mm and two 980 mm long steel plates (mounting parts 12, 1
2 are buried in the mold 2 and a rigid member having a through hole at a position corresponding to the through hole 12a) is charged into a mold, and the base rubber is vulcanized by heating and pressurizing. ), And each part has the following dimensions and angles.
0, the supporting legs 11, 11 and the mounting portions 12, 12 were integrally formed. And each part has the following dimensions and angles,
A longitudinal fender body 1a having a length of 1000 mm was integrally formed. <Dimensions and angles> Height H ₁ of fender body 1a: 1000 mm Thickness T ₁ of receiving portion 10: 50 mm Thickness T ₂ of supporting leg 11: 265 mm Thickness T _{3 of} mounting portion 12: 50 mm 10 width W ₁ : 1060 mm Angle θ ₁ of the supporting leg 11: 73.3 ° Next, the mounting portions 12 and 12 of the fender body 1a
The through holes 12a at a total of 16 places, 8 places on each side (4 places outside the support leg 11 and 4 places inside the support section 12) of the mounting section 12 ...
Are mounted on the surface of the head of a 500-ton hydraulic press simulating the mounting surface Q. A total of eight rails 131, four on each side, are provided.
To form the sliding means 13 and a spring fixing base 141 disposed between the pair of mounting portions 12, 12.
And the mounting portions 12 and 12 are connected by five tension springs 142 on one side, that is, a total of ten tension springs 142 to constitute the sliding restraining means 14. From each of the portions shown in FIGS. The fender 1 of Example 1 was assembled.

The rail 131 and the ball joint 13
FIG. 4 shows the arrangement of the tension spring 142 and the spring fixing base 141 at the mounting portion 12 on one side. Note that the tension springs 142...
When a load is applied to zero, the compression ratio (%) obtained by the following equation (1) is obtained by the action of a total of ten tension springs 142.
6 and the sliding amount (M ₁ in FIG. ₁ ) of one of the mounting portions 12 at that time have characteristics that result in the results shown by the solid curve in FIG.

Compressibility (%) = (H ₀ −H ₀ ′) / H ₀ × 100 (1) [where H ₀ is the height of the fender body 1a in the initial shape, and H ₀ ′ is the value in the compressed state. This is the height of the fender body 1a. Example 2 When a load is applied to the receiving portion 10 in a compression test described later, a total of ten tension springs 142 are used as the tension springs 142.
By the action of 2, the compression ratio (%) obtained by the above equation (1) and the sliding amount (M ₁ in FIG. ₁ ) of the one-side mounting portion 12 at that time are represented by a broken line curve in FIG. A fender 1 of Example 2 was assembled in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a material having the characteristics shown in the results (low spring stiffness) was used.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 Of the same fender body 1a produced in the first embodiment, the mounting portions 12, 12 of the fender body 1a were directly
The mounting surface Q is fixed to the surface of a simulated 500-ton hydraulic press head, and the sliding prevention means 14 is not installed between the mounting portions 12, 12. Port material was used. Compression Test The amount of strain (compression rate) -reaction characteristic when the fenders of the above Examples and Comparative Examples were compressed using a 500-ton hydraulic press was measured. The compression ratio was determined by the above equation (1). FIG. 7 shows the results.

As shown in the figure, after the maximum point, the range of the allowable distortion amount from when the reaction force once decreases and then increases to the same value as the maximum point again is represented by the compression ratio.
%, It was increased to 70% in Example 1 and 79% in Example 2. Therefore, the fenders of Examples 1 and 2 were compared with Comparative Example 1 in comparison with Comparative Example 1. It has been confirmed that the amount of energy that can be absorbed can be increased without increasing the reaction force by the above-described amount.

The cross-sectional shapes of the fenders of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 during the compression test were observed.
2 (a) to 2 (c) and Comparative Example 1 with the results shown in FIGS. 5 (a) to 5 (c). FIGS. 2 (a) and 5 (a) and FIGS. 2 (b) and 5
(b), FIG. 2 (c) and FIG. 5 (c) show the cross-sectional shapes at the same compression ratio, respectively.
Compared to Comparative Example 1, the timing of bending of the supporting leg due to compression is delayed by the action of the sliding means, which has expanded the range of the allowable distortion amount described above. The cause was confirmed.

Further, from the result of comparison between the first and second embodiments, when a tension spring having a low spring stiffness is used as the slide suppressing means to increase the sliding amount of the mounting portion at the same compression ratio, It was also confirmed that the compression rate could be increased to increase the amount of energy that the entire fender could absorb.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 (a) is a cross-sectional view showing an example of an embodiment of a fender according to the present invention, and FIG. 1 (b) is a perspective view showing an appearance of the fender of the above example. .

FIGS. 2A to 2C are cross-sectional views each showing a cross-sectional shape at a predetermined compression ratio when the fender of Example 1 of the present invention is compressed.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing an example of a characteristic of a tension spring suitably used as a slide suppressing means in the fender of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a specific arrangement of each part constituting a sliding means and a sliding control means in the fenders of the first and second embodiments of the present invention.

FIGS. 5A to 5C are cross-sectional views each showing a cross-sectional shape at a predetermined compression ratio when the fender of Comparative Example 1 is compressed.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing a relationship between a compression ratio when the fenders of Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention are compressed and a sliding amount of a mounting portion on one side.

FIG. 7 is a graph showing a compression ratio-reaction force characteristic when the fenders of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1 are compressed.

FIGS. 8A to 8C are cross-sectional views each showing a state of deformation when a conventional fender is compressed.

FIG. 9 explains the strain-reaction characteristics of the conventional fender and the amount of absorbed energy required therefrom,
4 is a graph showing the principle by which the amount of absorbed energy can be increased in the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 fender 10 receiving part 11 supporting leg part 12 mounting part 13 sliding means 14 sliding suppressing means

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Jun Ochi 3-6-9, Wakihama-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture Within Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. (72) Inventor Hiroshi Noiri Wakihama-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture 3-6-9 Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. An abutting portion in the form of a flat plate, and (b) an elastic material such as rubber, which extends rearward from the abutting portion and whose tip is attached to a mounting surface such as a quay. And a pair of supporting legs that are compressed and deformed when a load due to the ship's berth is applied, and when the pair of supporting legs are compressed and deformed by applying the load. In order to slide at least one of the mounting portions of both support leg portions in a direction in which both mounting portions are separated from each other,
A fender attached to a mounting surface via sliding means. 2. A fender according to claim 1, further comprising: a sliding restraint means for generating a force in a reverse direction according to the amount of sliding in order to suppress the sliding of the mounting portion when a load is applied. .