JPH1137753A - Apparatus and method for measuring geologically discontinuous surface - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To easily and accurately measure a geologically discontinuous surface even by a person having no expertise, by moving a measuring instrument along a geologically discontinuous surface, measuring its time-sequential bearing and inclination, measuring a position of the instrument, an measuring roughness of the surface from the bearing, inclination and position data. SOLUTION: A displacement meter 60 is fixed onto a scanning line, connected to an initialized measuring unit 10, and set to a starting point. Then, the unit 10 is moved on the line to continuously measure to obtain aging bearing and inclination data of a geological discontinuous surface on the line and to obtain aging positional data of the unit 10 by the meter 60. After this operation is executed on all the scanning line, the aging bearing and indignation data of the discontinuous surface measured by the nit 10 are input to a memory in a controller 20 at a predetermined sampling time. And, aging positional data signal of the unit 10 measured by the meter 60 is digitized, and input to the memory. A three-dimensional shape of the discontinuous surface is obtained from these data.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for continuously measuring the orientation and inclination of a discontinuous plane such as a fault plane or a joint plane and measuring the roughness of the discontinuous plane.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When constructing an underground power plant or underground storage tank, etc., in order to secure the stability of a long rock mass structure, it is necessary to accurately evaluate geological discontinuities such as faults and joints existing in the rock mass. It is important to take appropriate measures based on the evaluation. In investigating and evaluating a discontinuous surface, items related to the directionality (tilt direction, inclination, etc.) and roughness (surface shape of the discontinuous surface) of the discontinuous surface are important.

[0003] As these investigation methods, methods applying image processing technology are being studied. However, using a measuring device called a "clinometer" equipped with a magnet, a weight and a level, measurement is performed in the following manner. doing.

(A) The long side of the clinometer is applied to the direction of intersection (strike) between the discontinuous surface and the horizontal plane, and the angle formed between the magnetic needle and the strike is read.

(B) The long side of the clinometer is aligned with the maximum inclination direction (the direction perpendicular to the running direction), and the angle between the weight and the horizontal direction is read.

(C) The above (a) and (b) are measured by measuring strike and dip at a number of points on the rock surface, and averaging the measured values at each of these recorded information points.
They know the direction and number of joints that are dominant.

As for the degree of roughness (surface shape of the discontinuous surface), the observer at the site has a discontinuous surface at the site and a plurality of roughness models which represent the roughness of the discontinuous surface stepwise. The mainstream is the method of evaluating by comparing with the figure.

[0008]

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

(1) There are the following problems in the measuring method using the above-mentioned clinometer. <A> Since the use of clinometers requires specialized knowledge, not everyone can measure freely. <B> Usually, measurement is performed several hundred times at one point. However, since it takes about two to three minutes to measure one point, much time and effort are required for the measurement. <C> Since the performance of the magnet built in the clinometer is affected by the location of the magnetic field being disturbed or the presence of metal equipment such as heavy equipment and piping, the reliability of the measured values is low. <D> Since the measurement is performed at a point on the surface, the measurement result differs depending on the measurement point on a discontinuous surface having large waves, and it is difficult to accurately grasp the entire image. <E> Various electronic clinometers incorporating a gravity sensor or a magnetic sensor and capable of outputting azimuth / inclination (strike / inclination) information of a discontinuous surface as an electric signal have been proposed. However, even in this type of clinometer, the aforementioned <
There are problems similar to c> and <d>.

(2) The method for evaluating the degree of roughness of a discontinuous surface has the following problems. <B> A geological engineer with specialized knowledge is required for comparison, and it is not easy for anyone to perform. <B> Even a person who has specialized knowledge tends to be subjectively influenced by the judgment result of the degree of roughness, and remains uneasy in terms of accuracy.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and it is an object of the present invention to make it easy for even a person having no special knowledge about the azimuth, inclination and roughness of a discontinuous surface. It is an object of the present invention to provide a system for measuring geological discontinuities that can be measured accurately. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a measurement system for a geological discontinuity, which can be quickly measured with a small number of samplings. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a measuring device and a measuring method of a geological discontinuity surface, which can provide data for performing a higher degree of discontinuity analysis such as key block analysis.

[0011]

According to the present invention, as a means for solving the above-mentioned problems, a measurement is performed by moving the surface along a discontinuous surface of geology and measuring the azimuth and inclination of the discontinuous surface over time. , A displacement meter for measuring the position of the measuring device, and an interface for digitally converting the position data of the measuring device measured by the displacement meter and outputting the data to a control unit of the measuring device.
The measuring device includes a measuring unit that moves along the surface of the discontinuous surface to be measured, and a control unit that is electrically connected to the measuring unit and performs arithmetic processing on measurement data. Further, the measuring unit includes a gyro sensor for detecting an angular velocity, and an acceleration sensor for detecting a gravitational direction and an acceleration.

Further, the measuring device is moved along the discontinuous surface of the geology to measure the azimuth and inclination of the discontinuous surface over time, and the position of the measuring device is measured by a displacement meter. Provided is a method of measuring a geological discontinuity, characterized by measuring the roughness of a discontinuity from orientation data, inclination data, and position data.

In addition, two sets of scanning lines that are not parallel to the discontinuous surface of the geology are set in a grid pattern, and the measuring instrument is moved along each scanning line, and the azimuth and inclination of the discontinuous surface with time. , The position of the measuring device is measured by a displacement meter, the two-dimensional shape of each scanning line cross section is obtained from the azimuth data, the inclination data, and the position data. A method for measuring a geological discontinuity surface, characterized in that the three-dimensional shape of the discontinuity surface is obtained by numerically or graphically obtaining the three-dimensional shape of the discontinuity surface by combining the two-dimensional shapes of the above.

Furthermore, it is not parallel on the discontinuous surface of the geology.
A set of scanning lines is set in a grid, the measuring device is moved along each scanning line, the azimuth and inclination of the discontinuous surface with time are measured, and the position of the measuring device is measured by a displacement meter. Then, the two-dimensional shape of each scanning line cross section is obtained from the azimuth data, the inclination data, and the position data, and the two-dimensional shape of each scanning line is combined to form the three-dimensional shape of the discontinuous surface. Is numerically or graphed, and the two-dimensional shape of the discontinuous surface perpendicular to the average direction of the three-dimensional shape of the discontinuous surface and in the cross section in an arbitrary direction is numerically or graphed. A method for measuring a geological discontinuity is provided.

[0015]

Embodiment 1 Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. <A> Overall Configuration of Apparatus FIG. 1 shows an overall view of the apparatus. The measuring device includes a measuring unit 10 that scans a discontinuous surface and a control unit 2 that is separated from the measuring unit 10.
0, a displacement gauge 60 for measuring the position data of the measuring unit 10 over time, and an interface 70 are basic components. The measurement unit 10 and the control unit 20, the control unit 20 and the interface 70, and the interface 70 and the displacement meter 60 are configured to transmit signals by a communication code or a cordless format. Hereinafter, each part will be described.

<B> Measuring Unit FIG. 2 shows a configuration diagram of the measuring unit 10 and the control unit 20. The measuring unit 10 has a gyro sensor 12 and an acceleration sensor 13 built in a main body 11, and a bottom surface or a side surface of the main body 11 is a measurement surface. The control unit 20 has a built-in operation power supply 14 for supplying power to the measuring unit 10 and the control unit 20, and power can be supplied to the measuring unit 10 through a cord 40. It is a matter of course that the measuring section 10 and the control section 20 may be individually provided with operating power supplies.

The gyro sensor 12 is a sensor for detecting an angular velocity, and outputs a sensitive voltage proportional to an angular velocity about each axis of a relative coordinate system (x, y, z) described later. In particular, the gyro sensor 12 is employed to measure the angular velocity continuously while moving the measuring unit 10. As the gyro sensor 12, various known sensors that can detect angular velocity, such as a vibration gyro sensor and an optical fiber gyro sensor, can be used.

The acceleration sensor 13 is a known three-axis sensor for detecting the direction of gravity and acceleration, and outputs a sensitive voltage proportional to the acceleration in each of the x, y, and z axes of the relative coordinate system. The information on the angular velocity of the measuring unit 10 is obtained by the two sensors, the gyro sensor 12 and the acceleration sensor 13 described above.

<C> Control Unit The control unit 20 calculates a temporal rotation angle (azimuth angle and inclination angle) of the movement locus of the measurement unit 10 based on at least the detection signals of the sensors 12 and 13. Means. The control unit 20 shown in FIG. 3 will be described. The control unit 20 includes an A / D converter 22 and a C
A computing device 23 such as a PU, a control device 24, and a storage device 2
5, a display device 26, and an external input / output device 27, and are assembled into one unit so as to be portable by an operator.

The A / D converter 22 converts an analog signal measured by each of the sensors 12 and 13 in the measuring section 10 into a digital signal. The arithmetic unit 23 mathematically calculates each signal input through the A / D converter 22 and moves the moving measuring unit 1.
Rotational angle (azimuth and tilt angle) over time in locus 0
Is calculated and input to the control device 24. The information output from the arithmetic unit 23 is as follows. θij: j-th azimuth angle of discontinuous surface i φij: j-th inclination angle of discontinuous surface i Vxij, Vyij, Vzij: Measurement in each axis direction of the local coordinate system at the j-th measurement of discontinuous surface i Part moving speed

When directly or indirectly controlling the measurement data, the control device 24 can switch between operation and non-operation according to the judgment of the measurer. Further, the control device 24 receives direction information serving as a reference from a direction reference table 30 described later. From the control device 24 to the storage device 25
And the information input from the storage device 25 to the external input / output device 27 are the following
Two pieces of information are added. θi: average azimuth angle of discontinuous surface i φi: average inclination angle of discontinuous surface i

The display device 26 is for confirming to the operator whether or not the continuous measurement operation of the discontinuous surface by the measuring unit 10 is normally performed. It is possible to display an average azimuth angle, an average inclination angle, and the like. The external input / output device 27 is capable of connecting to external electronic devices (such as a general-purpose computer) and exchanging data. , The orientation and inclination are continuously measured to determine the degree of roughness of the discontinuous surface (surface shape of the discontinuous surface). Note that the above two processes may of course be performed by the arithmetic unit 23 having a higher performance of the control unit 20 without using an external electronic device.

On the other hand, the position data of the measuring unit 10 measured by the displacement meter 60 is input from the interface 70, and the rotation angle (azimuth angle and tilt angle) measured by the measuring unit 10 is obtained. Synchronized with.

<D> Interface The interface 70 is a device that calculates the position of the measuring unit 10 based on a signal input from the displacement meter 60 and transfers the result to the control unit 20. Although not shown, this device is an input device for taking in an output signal from the displacement meter 60, an arithmetic device for converting the input signal into position data (digital), and a calculated position data (digital). And an external output device for outputting power to the control unit 20, a battery for supplying power to the displacement meter 60, and supplying power to the interface 70 itself.

<E> Orientation Reference Base As shown in FIG. 2, the azimuth reference base 30 is constituted by providing an azimuth meter 32 on a plate-like base body 31. The base body 31 is formed with a recess 33 capable of accommodating the measurement surface of the measurement unit 10, and a part of the side surface of the recess 33 is formed as an azimuth reference plane 34. The azimuth reference plane 34 is a plane that serves as a reference plane for pressing the measurement unit 10 and setting a reference azimuth of an instrument (gyro sensor 12 and acceleration sensor 13) in the measurement unit 10.
For example, the compass 32 includes a side surface parallel to the center line 35, a side surface orthogonal to the center line 35, or a plurality of these side surfaces.

<F> Displacement meter The displacement meter 60 is for measuring the position of the measuring unit 10 over time. Known instruments such as a contact type (wire-type encoder or potentiometer) or a non-contact type (displacement gauge using light waves, sound waves, electromagnetic waves, etc.) can be used,
A signal proportional to the moving distance of the measuring unit 10 (for example, a pulse wave in the case of an encoder) is output to the interface 70. Note that a roller type displacement gauge may be built in the measuring unit 10 integrally.

[0027]

Next, a method for continuously measuring the direction and inclination of a discontinuous surface using a measuring device and a method for grasping the roughness of the discontinuous surface (surface shape of the discontinuous surface) will be described.

[Continuous Measurement of Azimuth and Tilt] <A> Initial Setting (FIGS. 2 and 4) Before the measurement, the azimuth reference plane 34 of the azimuth reference base 30 has a specific magnetic pole (for example, N pole) in a place where there is no influence of the magnetic field. ) And set by the compass 32 so as to be in parallel with each other. A gyro sensor 12 for detecting an angular velocity around an axis in the measuring unit 10;
Acceleration sensors 13 for detecting accelerations in the axial direction are respectively incorporated in three axial directions. These sensors have the characteristic that they are not affected by a magnetic field. Then, the reference azimuth of the measuring unit 10 is initially set by the following operation using the azimuth reference stand 30.

The lower side surface of the measuring unit 10 is lightly pressed against the azimuth reference plane 34 of the azimuth reference base 30 to obtain a relative coordinate system (x, y,
z) is the magnetic north coordinate system (X, Y, Z) (the magnetic north direction is X
Axis, the vertical upward direction coincides with the X-axis direction of the Z-axis), and this relative coordinate system (x, y, z) is referred to as a reference coordinate system (X ′, Y ′, Z).
′). At this time, the azimuth (rotation) relationship between the magnetic north coordinate system (X, Y, Z) and the reference coordinate system (X ′, Y ′, Z ′) is obtained and stored using the data of the acceleration sensor 13.

<B> Movement of the measuring unit (FIGS. 3, 5, and 6) When the above initial settings are completed, as shown in FIG. 6, the measuring unit 10 is brought into contact with the discontinuous surface of the rock, Move along. The measuring principle will be described.
A gyro sensor determines how many times the relative coordinate system (x, y, z) corresponding to the inclination of the measuring unit 10 at a certain point of 0 has rotated with respect to the reference coordinate system (X ′, Y ′, Z ′). The azimuth (rotation) relationship between the relative coordinate system (x, y, z) and the reference coordinate system (X ′, Y ′, Z ′) is determined from the measurement data signals of the acceleration sensor 13 and the reference coordinate system 12. At this time, a rapid change in angular velocity is detected using the gyro sensor 12, and a gradual change in angular velocity is detected using the acceleration sensor 13.

That is, when detection is performed using the gyro sensor 12, the rotation angle is obtained from the angular velocity value ω detected from the gyro sensor 12. When the detection is performed by using the acceleration sensor 13, an angle β between the direction of the acceleration sensor 13 and the direction of gravity is obtained, the β is differentiated and converted into an angular velocity value, and then the rotation angle is obtained. Further, the reference coordinate system (X ′, Y
(', Z') to the relative coordinate system (x, y, z) is obtained by integrating the acceleration output value from the acceleration sensor 13 with respect to time.

<C> Calculation The relationship between the above-described reference coordinate system (X ', Y', Z ') and the magnetic north coordinate system (X, Y, Z), and the reference coordinate system (X', Y
', Z') and the relative coordinate system (x, y, z),
The azimuth (rotation) relationship between the relative coordinate system and the magnetic north coordinate system is obtained, and the azimuth and inclination of the measurement plane (xy plane of the relative coordinate system) are calculated.

<D> Evaluation of dominant surface As shown in FIG. 7, in the conventional type in which the direction is captured by a point, all discontinuous surfaces having a certain length or more are measured.
Many points had to be measured while still. Therefore, as can be seen from the degree of concentration of the discontinuous plane group as seen in the stereo projection, it was necessary to collect information from a large number of measurement points in order to evaluate the dominant plane. On the other hand, according to the present invention in which the measuring unit 10 is moved and the average direction is captured, as shown in FIG. 8, the predominant surface can be evaluated with at least the same number of sampling numbers as the conventional one.

[Method of Measuring Three-Dimensional Shape of Discontinuous Surface]
As shown in FIG. 9, two groups of scanning lines that are not parallel to the surface of the discontinuous surface are set as preparation. The direction of one set of scanning lines is defined as the X-axis direction, and the direction of the other set of scanning lines is defined as the Y-axis direction. Hereinafter, the following procedure is performed.

One scanning line is selected, and the displacement meter 60 (when a wire-type displacement meter is used) is fixed on the extension of the scanning line as shown in FIG.

After the azimuth of the measuring unit 10 is initialized as described above, the end of the wire 61 of the displacement meter 60 is connected to the measuring unit 1.
0, and sets the measuring unit 10 to the starting point of the scanning line.

By moving the measuring unit 10 on the scanning line and performing continuous measurement, data on the azimuth and inclination of the discontinuous surface over time on the scanning line can be obtained as described above. With 60, the position data of the measuring unit 10 over time can be obtained.

The above operation is performed on all scanning lines. FIG.
Is the case where scanning lines are set at 10 cm intervals,
The interval between scanning lines is set arbitrarily according to the construction purpose and conditions. Further, in order to accurately dispose the displacement gauge 60 at a reference point on the extension of each scanning line, it is preferable to use a set jig 80 as shown in FIG. The setting jig 80 may be a jig in which a partition plate 81 is joined to an angle material or the like at predetermined intervals.

The data of the azimuth and inclination of the discontinuous surface over time measured by the measuring unit 10 are taken into the storage device 25 in the control unit 20 at a fixed sampling time. Further, a time-dependent position data signal of the measuring unit 10 measured by the displacement meter 60 is processed and digitized in the interface 70, and the azimuth and inclination of the discontinuous surface are calculated.
The data is synchronized with the data and is taken into the storage device 25 in the control unit 20. Therefore, based on these data, FIG.
As shown in (3), a three-dimensional shape of the surface of the discontinuous surface can be obtained.

[Method of Calculating Two-Dimensional Shape] The two-dimensional shape of the discontinuous surface in the scanning line section (for example, AA section) shown in FIG. 10 is obtained as an approximate shape as shown in FIG. By the continuous measurement on the scanning line, as shown in FIG. 11, the position data (LI)
(I = 1 to N)) and the azimuth and inclination data of the discontinuous surface at that position from the measuring unit 10 and the rotation angle data of the measuring unit 10 around the X axis (θI (I = 1 to N)). N)) over time. The rotation angle data θI (I = 1 to N) is the intersection angle between the y-axis direction at the time of the I-th measurement and the y-axis direction at the start of the measurement. Position data, orientation of discontinuous plane, tilt data
The data and the rotation angle data are data acquired in synchronization.

The average orientation and average inclination of the discontinuous surface obtained from the continuous measurement of each scanning line are arithmetically averaged, and the surface in the average direction of the discontinuous surface is defined as an H surface (FIG. 10).

A plane perpendicular to the H plane and including the scanning lines is defined as a V plane. In this V plane, as shown in FIG.
Take a coordinate system. The η axis is in the direction of the intersection of the V plane and the H plane, and the ξ line is in the direction orthogonal to the η axis. α is the measurement unit 1 at the start of measurement
The angle between the y-axis and the η-axis at 0, which is calculated from the direction of the V plane and the discontinuous plane at the start of measurement.

Then, the coordinate value at the I-th measurement point can be calculated using the equation shown in FIG.

[Method of calculating three-dimensional shape of discontinuous surface]
A three-dimensional shape of the discontinuous surface is obtained based on the two-dimensional shape on the scanning line. Perform the following procedure.

As shown in FIG. 13, the X and Y planes are set on the surface in the average direction of the discontinuous surfaces. Z perpendicular to that plane
Take the axis.

Based on the two-dimensional shape of the scanning line on the Y axis, the coordinate value (X, Y, Z) of the discontinuous surface is calculated from the two-dimensional shape of the scanning line in the X-axis direction (the Since the shape of the continuous surface is a reference, the shape is determined by measuring the scanning lines about three times).

With reference to the two-dimensional shape of the scanning line on the X axis, the coordinate value (X, Y, Z) of the discontinuous plane is calculated from the two-dimensional shape of the scanning line in the Y-axis direction. Since the shape of the continuous surface is a reference, the shape is determined by measuring the scanning lines about three times).

At each grid point of the scanning line, the coordinate value calculated from the scanning line in the X direction does not completely match the coordinate value calculated from the scanning line in the Y direction. I do.

[Method of Calculating Two-Dimensional Shape in Cross Section in Specified Direction] As shown in FIG. 14, the two-dimensional shape of cross section BB in the specified direction is captured. That is, the two-dimensional shape in the section in the designated direction is approximately determined from the three-dimensional shape. Hereinafter, an example of the calculation method will be described.

A section in the specified direction is defined as an M plane, and is perpendicular to a plane (H plane) in the average direction of the discontinuous planes.

A grid in the X and Y planes where the M plane intersects is selected, and a local coordinate system (ξ, η coordinate system) is set in the grid as shown in FIG. The number of grid points is eight, and their coordinate values (X _k , Y _k , Z _k ) (k = 1 to 8) are 3
It is given from coordinate values (X, Y, Z) obtained at the time of calculating the dimensional shape.

The intersection line between the lattice plane and the M plane is divided into, for example, every 1 cm, the X and Y coordinates of each division point are obtained, and these are converted into the ξ and η coordinates of the local coordinate system.

Coordinate values (X _I , Y _I , Z _I ) in the grid
(I = 1 to N) are local coordinate values (内_I , η _I ) in the grid.
(I = 1 to N), grid point coordinate values X _k , Y _k , Z _k ) (k
= 1 to 8) and a quadratic interpolation function g _k given for each node
From (k = 1 to 8), it is given by the equation shown in FIG.

[0054]

[Embodiment 2] In the above embodiment, the case where the azimuth reference table 30 is used for initial setting of the azimuth of the measuring unit 10 has been described. The azimuth may be confirmed by resetting the measurement unit 10 on the azimuth reference stand 30 that is settled at the position. If the azimuth has shifted due to the resetting, the stored measurement value can be easily corrected based on the azimuth shift.

[0055]

Third Embodiment The initial setting of the measuring unit 10 is not limited to the azimuth reference table 30. For example, the side of the measuring unit 10 is aligned with the azimuth reference line displayed on the ground surface using a surveying instrument. May be initialized.

[0056]

[Fourth Embodiment] As shown in FIG.
The measurement surface may be covered with a plate-like protective body 50 in order to protect the device from wear and damage during use. In addition to performing the protective function, the protective body 50 replaces the protective body 50 having a different size with respect to the measurement surface of the measuring unit 10 so that the surface of the geological discontinuity such as a fault surface or a joint can be changed depending on the degree of undulation. And high-precision measurement becomes possible.

[0057]

[Fifth Embodiment] The present invention has been described by taking as an example the measurement of geological discontinuities such as fault planes and joints. However, the present invention is also used for measurement of rock surface roughness after fracture in a rock shear test. You can also. In addition, it goes without saying that the present invention can be applied to a discontinuous surface other than geology as a measurement target.

[0058]

As described above, the present invention has the following effects. <A> In the measurement technology using a clinometer, the reference direction is limited to only magnetic north, but in the present invention,
Any orientation can be used as a reference.

<B> The azimuth initial setting operation of the measuring unit can be performed very simply and in a short time.

<C> The azimuth angle, the inclination angle, and the degree of roughness of the discontinuous surface can be measured quickly and accurately only by moving the measuring unit along the discontinuous surface.

<D> The azimuth / inclination angle and the degree of roughness of the discontinuous surface can be measured with high accuracy even by those who do not have geological expertise.

<E> Even if the measurement site is a site where the magnetic field is disturbed, the azimuth and inclination of the discontinuous surface can be measured without being affected by the disturbance of the magnetic field.

<F> The average azimuth and average inclination angle of the discontinuous surface can be obtained from data continuously measured along the discontinuous surface having irregularities.

<G> Since the degree of roughness of the discontinuous surface is measured mechanically irrespective of the naked eye, it can be objectively measured at the original position.
It can be evaluated quantitatively.

<H> The dominant direction, such as joints on discontinuous surfaces, can be grasped accurately with a smaller number of samplings than in the past.

<R> The roughness of the discontinuous surface in any direction can be measured, and the shear strength characteristics in any direction can be estimated based on the roughness.

<N> Shear strength characteristics of discontinuous surfaces (C and φ
By estimating peak) more accurately, a reliable stability analysis can be performed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a measuring device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a measurement unit, a control unit, and a reference azimuth table.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a measurement unit and a control unit.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a measurement principle, and is a model diagram showing a relationship of each axis direction of a measurement unit at an initial setting.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a measurement principle, and is a model diagram showing a relationship between each axis direction of the measurement unit when the control unit is moved.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a measurement state in which a control unit is moved along a discontinuous surface.

FIG. 7 is a stereo projection diagram showing a distribution and a concentration degree of a discontinuous surface group according to a conventional technique for collecting information from a large number of measurement points based on the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a stereo projection diagram showing the distribution and concentration degree of the discontinuous surface group according to the present invention in which the measuring unit is moved to capture the average direction.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of a method for measuring a three-dimensional shape of a discontinuous surface.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing a relationship between a plane (H plane) in the average direction of the discontinuous plane and a scanning line cross section (V plane).

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing a two-dimensional shape of a discontinuous surface in a scanning line cross section;

FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing a formula for calculating a coordinate value at an I-th measurement point.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing a three-dimensional shape of a discontinuous surface.

FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram showing a cross section (BB) in a specified direction.

FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram showing a two-dimensional shape approximation in a cross section in a specified direction.

FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram showing a calculation formula of coordinate values in a grid.

FIG. 17 is a partial cross-sectional view of another embodiment in which a protective body is provided in the measuring unit.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. moving along a discontinuous surface of geology,
A measuring device for measuring the azimuth and inclination of the discontinuous surface over time, a displacement meter for measuring the position of the measuring device, and digitally converting position data of the measuring device measured by the displacement meter, An interface for outputting to a control unit of the measurement device, wherein the measurement device is configured to move along a surface of the discontinuous surface of the measurement target, and electrically connected to the measurement unit to perform measurement. A control unit for calculating and processing data, wherein the measuring unit includes a gyro sensor for detecting an angular velocity and an acceleration sensor for detecting a direction of gravity and an acceleration. measuring device. 2. A measuring instrument is moved along a discontinuous surface of the geology to measure an azimuth and an inclination of the discontinuous surface with time, and a position of the measuring instrument is measured by a displacement meter. A method for measuring a surface of a geological discontinuity, comprising measuring roughness of a discontinuous surface from azimuth data, inclination data, and position data. 3. A set of two sets of scanning lines that are not parallel to a geological discontinuity are set in a grid pattern, and a measuring instrument is moved along each scanning line, and the azimuth and inclination of the discontinuity over time. And the position of the measuring device is measured by a displacement meter, and the two-dimensional shape of each scanning line cross section is obtained from the azimuth data, the inclination data, and the position data. A method for measuring a geological discontinuity surface, characterized in that the three-dimensional shape of the discontinuity surface is obtained by numerically or graphically obtaining the three-dimensional shape of the discontinuity surface by combining the two-dimensional shapes of the above. 4. A two-line scanning line group that is not parallel to a geological discontinuity is set in a grid pattern, a measuring instrument is moved along each scanning line, and the azimuth and inclination of the discontinuity over time. And the position of the measuring device is measured by a displacement meter, and the two-dimensional shape of each scanning line cross section is obtained from the azimuth data, the inclination data, and the position data. The three-dimensional shape of the discontinuous surface is quantified or graphed by combining the two-dimensional shapes obtained in Steps (1) and (2). A method for measuring a geologically discontinuous surface, characterized in that a two-dimensional shape of the discontinuous surface is obtained by digitizing or graphing.