JPH11347376A - Porous ceramic filter, and fluid cleaning method and apparatus using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To contrive an increase of filter area per unit area and a reduction of filter scum adhesion by installing radially arranged circular cylindrical filter sections so as to dispose tubular porous ceramic filter membrane cells having a triangular section shape or the like in an outer peripheral part of a columnar space formed at a central part. SOLUTION: A porous ceramic filter 20 comprises a columnar filter section 43 formed by disposing a plurality of tubular porous ceramic filter membrane cells 42 having a triangular section shape or the like radially with a vertex 42a of a triangle oriented toward a center side, columnar space forming a central through hole 44 and a plurality of ribs 46a, 46b disposed on both ends and an intermediate part for connecting gaps 45 between the neighboring membrane cells 42. Raw water is allowed to reversibly flow between the central through hole 44 and the columnar filter section 43 so as to filter impurities during the passage of the gaps 45 between the neighboring membrane cells 42. Adhesion of scum onto edges of the membrane cells 42 located along the gaps 45 is avoided by accelerating the raw water at the gaps 45.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for removing these substances from fluids such as gases and liquids containing impurities such as organic and inorganic substances, polluting (hazardous) substances, and off-flavor substances.
Or a high-performance, high-capacity porous ceramic filter for recovering these substances from a fluid containing a trace amount of useful substances, and a fluid purification method and apparatus using the same, specifically, tap water, river water, seawater, Filtering these substances from water contaminated with organic and inorganic substances such as pool water and drainage water to obtain clean drinking water and clean water, or filtering various solids and impurities to filter beer, wine, and sake , Soy sauce, sauces, juices, fruit juices, food oils, etc., or to obtain clean gas by filtering these substances from exhaust gas containing air pollutants such as soot, or liquid from fuel gas containing liquid component High performance and high efficiency for removing dry fuel gas to obtain a dry fuel gas or filtering and recovering these useful metals from a fluid containing useful metals such as lithium and gold. It relates to a porous ceramic filter and fluid purification method and fluid purification device using the same force.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in order to obtain drinking water from river water, seawater, or wastewater, filtration using a porous ceramic filter as a filtering material for filtering various pollutants, malodorous substances, and impurities unsuitable for drinking. A device has been proposed and used. On the other hand, recently, many water purifiers have been put on the market to remove bad smells (offensive smell) and unpleasant taste due to organic substances and inorganic substances contained in small quantities in well water and tap water. Filters using ceramic filters are widely used.

[0003] In addition, when removing solids and impurities from fermentation products, such as when brewing beer, wine, sake, soy sauce, etc., solids are used to obtain sauces, juices, fruit juices, cooking oils, etc. from foods. Porous ceramic filters are also used for removing impurities and impurities. As described above, since the drinking water, liquor, fruit juice, juice, sauce, and cooking oil described above are used for drinking or edible use, the filtration accuracy of the purification device is required to be extremely high, and industrial scale is required. In the case of performing with, large-scale processing is required.

[0004] On the other hand, due to the recent growing interest in environmental pollution, strict regulations are imposed on the water quality of factory effluent, and there is a demand for a high-performance and large-sized purification device for effluent purification. Furthermore, in the future, there is a movement to regulate drainage from various business activities, drainage from schools, facilities, etc., domestic drainage and domestic wastewater, and various types of high-performance and low-cost purification devices from small to large. Is required.

Conventionally, sand filtration has been used in large-scale water purification devices, but it cannot be said that the filtration accuracy is sufficient. Therefore, it is preferable to use a porous ceramic filter for high-precision water purification. . However, since porous ceramic filters are generally used after being fired into a cylindrical tube, although filtration accuracy is excellent, the filtration area is determined by the size (inner diameter, outer diameter, length) of the cylindrical tube. In order to perform large-scale treatment of industrial wastewater, a large amount of porous ceramic filters are required. For this reason,
Water purification equipment for large-scale treatment will be extremely large.

For this reason, it is necessary to increase the filtration area of the porous ceramic filter. In order to satisfy such a demand, a multi-tube filter in which a plurality of cylindrical porous ceramic filters are bundled and integrally formed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 59-525).
No. 11), and a multi-tube filter in which a large number of through-holes for flowing a stock solution are formed in a cylindrical or prismatic porous ceramic filter (Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-54482, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H05-54482).
No. 1446618). However, these multi-tubular filters cannot perform sufficient backwashing to remove filter cake attached to the filter wall,
There is a problem that the filtration performance, for example, the amount of treated water is rapidly deteriorated depending on the target treated water. Therefore,
There is a problem that the quality of treated water to be treated is limited.

For this reason, a plurality of cylindrical porous ceramic membranes are arranged at predetermined intervals, both ends of which are fixed with a square header (face plate), and a porous plate having a guide plate passed between the two headers. A ceramic membrane module is disclosed in
JP-A-634, JP-B-7-34853, JP-B-6
No. 4,104,186. The ceramic membrane module disclosed herein can be backwashed with a bubble stream and back-pressure air washing to remove filter cake adhering to the ceramic membrane. Adhesion layer, for example, Fe, M
An adhesion layer (thickness: 5 μm) composed of inorganic substances such as n, Ca, K, S, P, Cl, and Al, and organic substances such as protein.
(Degree) cannot be removed much (No. 4).
Proceedings of the 4th National Water Supply Research Conference, May 1993, p.
357-359).

[0008] Therefore, in order to remove these deposits, it is necessary to periodically clean with an oxidizing agent such as sodium hypochlorite solution or chlorine water or a chemical solution such as acid base such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide. There is a problem that it is necessary to carry out the process (JP-A-7-313850, JP-A-7-12444).
No. 8). Such a chemical solution has a strong reactivity, so that the above-mentioned deposits can be removed, but the handling is troublesome and cannot be discharged as it is. If the chemical solution is an oxidizing agent, the oxidizing power is lost by the reducing agent. In the case of an acid-base, a secondary treatment for neutralization is required. There is also a problem that the backwashing time becomes longer due to such a secondary treatment. Furthermore, in order to make such chemical cleaning possible, the materials of the header and the guide plate constituting the capacity of the ceramic membrane module are limited, and there is a problem that the material cannot be made of, for example, metal.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A first object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, to greatly increase the filtration area per unit volume, and to maintain high filtration accuracy. , A porous material that can greatly increase the throughput of the fluid to be treated, and has little adhesion of filter cake to the filtration surface, and can easily wash and remove the attached filter cake, and can be washed while purifying. It is to provide a high quality ceramic filter.

A second object of the present invention is to filter impurities in liquids such as drinking water, alcoholic beverages, liquid seasonings, pool water and sewage, and to remove titanium (Li) and gold in mining suspended water and treated water. A fluid purification method capable of significantly improving filtration performance, particularly filtration efficiency, such as recovery of useful metals such as (Au) and removal of air pollutants in exhaust gas such as soot and liquid in fuel gas; Another object of the present invention is to provide a fluid purification device which is small and compact, which is easy to handle and install, and which has a lower cost than conventional filters in terms of both filtration accuracy and throughput.

[0011]

In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention has a columnar space formed in a central portion and a substantially triangular, substantially trapezoidal, or substantially sectorial sectional shape. A long tubular porous ceramic filter membrane cell
And a cylindrical filter portion arranged radially in a predetermined number such that a top portion to be reduced is directed toward a center side and on the outer periphery of the columnar space. is there.

Here, the porous ceramic filter membrane cells are preferably arranged at predetermined intervals. Preferably, the radial gaps between adjacent porous ceramic filter membrane cells are parallel. Preferably, the porous ceramic filter membrane cell has at least one reinforcing beam therein.

Further, the present invention provides the above porous ceramic filter, further comprising a rib connecting radial gaps of the adjacent porous ceramic filter cells. Things. . Here, it is preferable that the ribs are provided in a cylindrical shape at both ends of the porous ceramic filter membrane cell so as to connect all the porous ceramic filter membrane cells. Preferably, the ribs are provided at predetermined intervals in a longitudinal direction of the porous ceramic filter membrane cell. Preferably, the rib is made of a porous ceramic.

The present invention also relates to the above porous ceramic filter, further comprising an end portion of all the porous ceramic filter membrane cells, and communicating with the inside of each porous ceramic filter membrane cell. On the other hand, the present invention provides a porous ceramic filter having a mount having a flow path communicating with one outlet.
Further, the present invention provides a porous ceramic filter, further comprising a gap adjusting means for adjusting a gap between adjacent porous ceramic filter membrane cells. Here, it is preferable that the gap adjusting means is provided on the mount.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided the porous ceramic filter of the first aspect, wherein an unpurified fluid is caused to flow into the columnar space at the center of the porous ceramic filter. Fluid is passed from the cylindrical space through the radial gap of the cylindrical filter portion to the outside of the cylindrical filter portion, and cross-flow filtration is performed by the porous ceramic filter membrane cell. A fluid purification method is provided. Further, the present invention uses the porous ceramic filter of the first aspect, in which an unpurified fluid flows into a space outside the cylindrical filter portion of the porous ceramic filter, and the unpurified fluid is formed into the cylindrical shape. A fluid purification method, comprising passing the radial gap of the cylindrical filter portion from the outside of the filter portion and flowing out to the central cylindrical space, and performing cross-flow filtration by the porous ceramic filter membrane. To provide.

Further, the present invention is the above-mentioned fluid purification method, further comprising stopping the inflow of unpurified water into the porous ceramic filter at a predetermined time, and causing a backflow to the outer surface of the porous ceramic filter membrane cell. A jet of a working fluid is blown back to remove the filter cake attached to the outer surface of the porous ceramic filter membrane cell, and then unpurified water is again introduced into the porous ceramic filter to perform cross flow filtration. It is intended to provide a fluid purification method characterized by the above. Here, it is preferable that at least one of a high-pressure bubble and an abrasive is mixed in the jet.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fluid having at least one of the porous ceramic filters of the first aspect arranged in a filtration tank and a washing means for the filtration means. A purifying device is provided.
Further, the present invention provides the above-mentioned fluid purifying apparatus, further comprising an adsorption purifying means and a sterilizing means. Further, the present invention provides the above-mentioned fluid purifying apparatus, further comprising an ultrafiltration means.

Here, the cleaning means is rotatably provided at the center of the columnar space at the center of the porous ceramic filter, and jets a jet of a cleaning fluid toward the porous ceramic filter membrane cell. Is preferably a tube having a plurality of nozzles. Alternatively, the cleaning means is provided so as to be able to revolve along a circumference separated from the outer periphery of the cylindrical filter portion of the porous ceramic filter by a predetermined distance, and jets a cleaning fluid jet to the porous ceramic filter membrane cell. It is preferably a tube having a plurality of nozzles for jetting toward the same.

[0019]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a porous ceramic filter according to the present invention, a method for purifying fluid using the same, and a fluid purifying apparatus will be described in detail based on preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. In the following description, a pool water purifying apparatus for purifying pool water will be described as a typical example of the purifying apparatus. However, it is needless to say that the present invention is not limited to this.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a basic configuration of an embodiment of a pool water purification apparatus according to a third aspect of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the pool water purification apparatus 10 of the present invention
Is an overflow tank 14 for storing pool water overflowing from the pool 12, and a pre-filter 16
a, 16b and pool water circulation pumps 18a, 18b
And a microfiltration device 20 using a large number of the porous ceramics filters 20a of the first aspect of the present invention, an ultrafiltration device 22, a sterilization device 24, an adsorption purification device 26, and a cleaning device 28 of the microfiltration device 20. , A backwashing device 30 of the ultrafiltration device 22. The porous ceramic filter of the present invention is basically used without coating a filter aid on the surface of the filter membrane, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the filter aid is coated depending on the water quality. You may use it. In this case, as shown in FIG.
The pool water purification device 10 further includes a filter aid supply device 32.
And a slurry pump 34. Here, since FIG. 1 shows only the basic configuration of the pool water purification apparatus of the present invention, the pool water purification apparatus of the present invention may include various tanks normally used in the pool water purification apparatus as necessary, for example, for example, Of course, it has tanks such as a chlorine tank and an alkaline tank, valves, piping, and equipment such as a heat exchanger.

The overflow tank 14 is provided for the pool 12
Pool water that has overflowed from the pool, or pool water that has been forcibly drained by natural drainage or a pump or the like, and temporarily stores a predetermined amount of pool water to the pre-filters 16a and 16b through piping.

The pre-filters 16a and 16b are formed by placing a carbon filter or the like in a tank. The pre-filters 16a and 16b are included in the pool drainage flowing out of the overflow tank 14, or are floating hair, lint, litter, trash and the like. For removing coarse impurities of
It is provided in order to perform fine filtration smoothly by the porous ceramics filter 20 of the latter stage. The number of pre-filters may be one or three or more.

The pumps 18a and 18b may be any type of circulating pumps as long as they provide energy for flowing pool water in the flow path of the pool water purification apparatus 10 of the present invention. This circulation pump may be a single pump, or a plurality of pumps arranged in parallel or in series.

The sterilizer 24 sterilizes, sterilizes, and inactivates bacteria and viruses such as Escherichia coli and staphylococci contained in the pool water, and includes an ozone lamp and an ultraviolet lamp inserted into a transparent quartz glass tube. By
In addition to sterilizing the filtered pool water circulating outside the quartz glass tube, dry air is blown into the quartz glass tube to generate ozone by the ozone lamp and the ultraviolet lamp, and the air containing ozone generated. Is thoroughly bubbled into the pool water and stirred, mixed as small bubbles, and the pool water is oxidized and sterilized with ozone. As will be described later, the pool water is usually sterilized with chlorine, and the ultraviolet sterilization and the ozone sterilization make the effect of the chlorine agent mixed into the pool water even more effective.

The adsorption purifying device 26 is a tank filled with an adsorbent such as zeolite, activated carbon, silica gel, etc., and removes ammonia generated from sweat, urine and the like contained in pool water after filtration and sterilization, and sterilizer. This is for adsorbing and removing bacteria, pigments, bound chlorine and the like decomposed in step 24 by the adsorbing action of the adsorbent. Any adsorbent may be used as long as it does not dissolve substances harmful to the human body in the pool water, but zeolite and activated carbon, and silica gel are preferred. Here, in particular, zeolite is one that adsorbs and removes the above-mentioned ammonia,
Activated carbon, in particular, adsorbs and removes odor components, pigments, bound chlorine in pool water, etc., and silica gel, in particular, selectively removes proteins.

The ultrafiltration device 22 separates and removes viruses, such as AIDS virus, influenza virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, hepatitis virus, and proteins, which are smaller than bacteria that cannot be separated and removed by the ceramics filter 20. In which a large number of ultrafiltration membranes such as hollow fiber membranes are arranged. By the way, among impurities generated from the human body or the like and mixed into the pool water, the porous ceramics filter 20 allows the bacteria such as bacteria such as Escherichia coli, cholera, Salmonella typhi, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
The impurity particles having a diameter of 0.2 to 0.5 μm or more are removed, but the impurity particles having a diameter less than 0.2 μm cannot be removed. Therefore, in the ultrafiltration device 22, proteins having a particle size of about 0.001 to 0.2 μm (for example, 0.002 to 0 μm) remaining in the pool water by the ultrafiltration membrane 36 such as a hollow fiber membrane are used. .01 μm) and viruses (eg, 0.01-0.2 μm) and bacteria (eg, 0.2-0.5 μm) that could not be completely removed by the ceramics filter. However, ions and molecules such as ions required in the pool water, for example, metal ions such as Na ⁺ , anions such as Cl ⁻ , pass through the ultrafiltration membrane.

Conventionally, when a large amount of pool water is to be filtered using a fine filter such as the ultrafiltration membrane 36, clogging occurs immediately and filtration is impossible. In the invention, prior to ultrafiltration, the pool water is preliminarily filtered with a ceramics filter,
For the first time, it enables ultrafiltration of a large amount of pool water.

The ultrafiltration device 22 used in the present invention prevents a reduction in the filtration efficiency of the ultrafiltration membrane 36, maintains a high efficiency at all times, and reduces the frequency of replacement of expensive ultrafiltration membranes. For this purpose, a backwashing device 30 is provided. Although not shown, the backwashing device 30 includes a tank 3 for supplying washing water.
7, an ultrasonic generator 39 connected to a pump 38 and a driving source (not shown). The back washing of the ultrafiltration device 22 is performed by closing the valves 40a and 40b, opening the closed valves 40c and 40d, and discharging the washing water from the tank 37 by the action of the pump 38 to the outlet of the ultrafiltration device 22. Side, and backflows from the inside to the outside of the ultrafiltration membrane 36, so that the impurity fine particles captured by the ultrafiltration membrane 36 flow out, and the washing water containing the fine impurity particles is passed through an ultrafiltration device. 22 from the bypass pool outlet to valve 40
It is discharged outside through d. At this time, ultrasonic waves are oscillated from the outer periphery of the ultrafiltration device 22 toward the center by the ultrasonic generator 39, and the ultrafiltration membrane 36 is ultrasonically oscillated to backwash and remove the trapped impurity fine particles. It facilitates and increases backwashing efficiency.

Here, the ultrafiltration membrane used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be a known ultrafiltration membrane, that is, a hollow fiber membrane. For example, a typical Kuraray UF filter (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.) ). Further, such a hollow fiber membrane may be one that performs ultrafiltration from the outside to the inside or one that performs ultrafiltration from the inside to the outside.

The ultrasonic generator used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and ultrasonic waves are applied to the ultrafiltration membrane, such as those in which an ultrasonic vibrating plate is arranged on the entire periphery of the ultrafilter or at predetermined intervals. Any type can be used as long as it can be provided.

The microfiltration device 21 is provided with fine particles such as organic substances such as metal salts, oil and dirt, impurities, bacteria, etc. which are brought into or produced in the pool water.
For example, filtering to fine particles of about 0.25 to 1 μm,
It is a device for purifying pool water. A plurality of, for example, several tens, of the porous ceramics filters 20a according to the first embodiment of the present invention capable of filtering fine particles of about 0.25 to 1 μm are mounted inside the filtering device 21.

The porous ceramic filter according to the first embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as a ceramic filter) 20
Is a filter that has very fine pores three-dimensionally and is capable of filtering not only microparticles such as bacteria but also oil and the like released from the human body.
It has the structure shown in (a) and (b).

As shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b), the ceramic filter 20 of the present invention is a tube-shaped porous ceramic filter membrane cell (hereinafter referred to as ceramic) having a substantially triangular cross section. A cylindrical filter unit 43 in which a plurality of 42) are radially arranged at predetermined intervals radially with a triangular vertex 42a facing the center side;
A cylindrical space forming a central through-hole 44 formed in the center portion, and a gap 4 between the ceramic membrane cells 42 provided at both ends and in the middle thereof and adjacent to the cylindrical filter portion 43.
5 and ribs 46a and 46b. Here, the number of the ceramic membrane cells 42 arranged in the cylindrical filter portion 43 is 12 in the illustrated example, but the number and size are not particularly limited in the present invention, and the number and the size of the required filtration area are not limited. What is necessary is just to select suitably according to it. The thickness of the ceramic membrane cell 42 is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately set according to the filtration pressure, the backwash pressure, and the like.
Although it may be uniform as a whole, the top 42a and the side 42
The necessary strength can be obtained by making the protrusions such as both ends of b slightly thicker than others.

The cross-sectional shape of the ceramic membrane cell 42 in the illustrated example is a triangle having an apex 42a and a bottom 42b, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the width of the top (4) is reduced.
Any shape may be used as long as it has a side portion (42b) that widens as in 2a), and may be, for example, a trapezoid, a sector, or a modification of these shapes, in addition to a triangle.
Here, the apex 42a of the ceramic membrane cell 42 constitutes the inner periphery of the envelope of the cylindrical filter part 43, and is preferably a point, but it is better not to be sharp from the point of strength of the ceramic membrane cell 42 itself. Therefore, it is preferable that the tip is an arc-shaped protrusion having a predetermined radius. Side 42 of cross-sectional shape of ceramic membrane cell 42
“b” constitutes the outer periphery of the envelope of the cylindrical filter portion 43, and may be a straight line or an arc. However, both ends of the side portion 42b have the same strength as the apex 42a. It is better to roll it into an arc shape.

When the pool water is purified using the ceramic filter 20 shown in FIG. 3, the ceramic filter 20 introduces unpurified pool water into the stop through-hole 44, The unpurified pool water is introduced toward the outside of the cylindrical filter section 43 or conversely to the outside of the cylindrical filter section 43,
The cross-flow filtration can be performed while passing through the gap 45 between the adjacent ceramic membrane cells 42 from the outside toward the center through-hole 44 side. At this time, since the gap 45 between the adjacent ceramic membrane cells 42 is narrower than other portions, the unpurified water passing through the gap 45 is accelerated. Therefore, the filter residue hardly adheres to the ridge portion 42c along the gap 45 where the cross-flow filtration is most performed in the ceramic membrane cell 42. As a result, the ceramic filter of the present invention has less deterioration of the filtration capacity and maintains high filtration accuracy and high processing capacity (throughput) over a long period of time as compared with a ceramic filter in which conventional cross-flow filtration is performed. Can be.

As described above, the ceramic filter of the present invention is inherently difficult to adhere to the filter cake and the like and can be used for a long period of time. However, the ceramic filter continuously filters a large amount of unpurified water for a long period of time. Of course, the ceramic membrane cell 4
2 top 42a and bottom 42b as well as ridge 42c
In addition, filter residue such as filtered impurities adheres little by little, thereby deteriorating the filtration ability. Therefore, in the ceramic filter 20 of the present invention, at least one of the center of the center through-hole 44 and the outer circumference of the cylindrical filter portion 43 is provided on the membrane surface of the ceramic membrane cell 42, particularly the top portion 42a and the ridge line 42C or the side. It is preferable to arrange a cleaning means including a rotatable (rotating or revolving) tubular body 47 having a plurality of cleaning water jet nozzles 47a for forcibly cleaning the portion 42b and the ridgeline 42c.

The washing water jetted from the jet nozzle 47a of the tubular body 47 of the washing means is not particularly limited as long as it is clean water. For example, purified water by the ceramic filter 20 may be used. In order to physically and strongly remove the filter cake attached to the membrane surface of the ceramic membrane cell 42, it is preferable to jet the jet as a jet jet mixed with high-pressure bubbles such as high-pressure air. Further, the deposits on the membrane surface of the ceramic membrane cell 42 are physically peeled off,
For forcible removal, an abrasive or the like may be mixed into the cleaning water. The abrasive is not particularly limited, but a powdery filter aid such as diatomaceous earth or coal used as a filter aid described later can be used.

As described above, the ceramic filter 20 of the present invention is used for filtering unpurified water as it is without coating a filter aid on the membrane surface of the ceramic membrane cell 42. Depending on the quality of purified water, it is preferable to use a filter aid precoated. In such a case, if a filter aid is used as the abrasive mixed in the washing water ejected from the ejection nozzle 47a of the tubular body 47 of the washing means, it is not necessary to provide a special abrasive supply device,
It is convenient.

The size of the tubular body 47 serving as the cleaning means and the number and size of the ejection nozzles 47a provided in the tubular body 47 are not particularly limited, and may be set as appropriate as needed. Further, the tubular body 47 is provided in the center through hole 44 to clean the top 42a and the ridge 42c, or the tubular body 47 is provided outside the cylindrical filter 43 to provide the side 42b and the ridge 4
2c may be washed, or both may be provided to wash the entire membrane surface of the ceramic membrane cell 42, or may be appropriately set according to the required degree of washing. Furthermore, it is only necessary to appropriately set whether the tubular body 47 is arranged at the center of the center through hole 44 and rotated (rotated) or arranged inside the center through hole 44 and rotated (revolved) along the inner circumference. The tubular body 47
Although not shown, the rotation driving means for rotating (spinning or revolving) the rotation is not particularly limited, and a known rotation driving means can be used.

By the way, the ceramic filter 2 of the present invention
In addition to the jetting nozzle 47a of the tubular body 47 in the illustrated example, the backwashing device 28 described below may be mentioned as the cleaning means 0, and any one of them may be used, but most preferably both are used. Good to use. In particular, when the ceramic filter 20 of the present invention is used by pre-coating a filter aid, the backwashing device 28 is preferably used in combination. In addition, it is preferable that the washing water or the jet jet spouted from the ejection nozzle 47a be used together with the jet of the washing water or the jet generated by the backwashing device 28 described later.

In the ceramic filter according to the first embodiment of the present invention, a large number of ceramic membrane cells 42 are radially arranged to form a cylindrical filter portion 43, and the area in contact with the pool water to be treated, that is, the treatment area is reduced. It is an increase.
Therefore, it can be seen that the ceramic filter of the present invention has a processing area and, therefore, a processing capacity of several to ten and several times, respectively, as compared with the conventional cylindrical ceramic filter.

As shown in FIG. 2, the porous ceramic filter 20 of the present invention is provided at the bottom 48a of the housing tank 48 of the microfiltration apparatus 21 or at a collecting pipe (not shown) disposed at the bottom 48a. The pool water purification filter assembly (hereinafter, referred to as a filter unit) 50 sandwiched between the cover 51 and the mount 52 is screwed (fixed) by a screw (not shown) at the bottom of the mount 52. The cover 51 and the mount 52 for forming the filter unit 50 of the ceramic filter 20 of the present invention are particularly limited as long as the size, shape, and position of the corresponding hole match the ceramic membrane cell 42 and the center through hole 44. Instead, any one may be used. For example,
A cover and a mount disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 8-4716 filed by the present inventor can be used. Also,
The filter unit 50 may be configured by connecting a plurality of ceramic filters 20 of the present invention.

The illustrated ceramic filter 20 has two ribs 46a at both ends for connecting a plurality of radially arranged ceramic membrane cells 42 and at least two intermediate ribs 46b. The present invention is not limited to this. The number of intermediate ribs 46b may be one or none, and if there is at least one intermediate rib 46b, both ends 46a may be only one. The ribs 46a at both ends and the intermediate ribs 46b may not be provided at all. In such a case, a plurality of radially arranged ceramic membrane cells 42 are connected and supported by mounts (not shown) at both ends, and the ceramic filter of the present invention is configured as a filter unit. In this case, the position of the mount supporting the ceramic membrane cell 42 can be made movable, and the gap (interval) between the adjacent ceramic membrane cells 42 can be adjusted.

The ceramic filter 2 of the present invention shown in FIG.
Although 0 is basically configured as described above, the present invention is not limited to this, and various modifications are possible. 4 and 5
(A), (b), FIGS. 6 (a) and (b) show that 24 ceramic membrane cells 4 like ceramic filter 60 are shown.
2, a cylindrical filter portion 43 may be formed, and ribs 46b may be provided in the longitudinal direction of the ceramic membrane cell 42 at substantially the same intervals in the gaps 45 between the cells 42 to form a rectangular flow path 62. . Here, FIGS. 5A and 5B are schematic cross-sectional views taken along lines AA and BB of FIG. 4, respectively.
(A) and (b) are a partial cross-sectional enlarged perspective schematic view and a partial enlarged cross-sectional schematic view of a ceramic filter 60 of the present invention, respectively, and schematically show a rectangular channel 62. By configuring like the illustrated ceramic filter 60, the strength of the filter can be increased, so that the size, particularly the width, of the ceramic membrane cell 42 can be reduced, and the cylindrical filter portion 43 of the same size (size) is formed. Since the number of ceramic membrane cells 42 to be formed can be increased, the filtration area can be increased, and the filtration capacity can be further increased.

Further, as shown in a ceramic filter 70 shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B,
In this case, the strength of the ceramic membrane cell 42 can be increased when the beam (beam) 72 is provided inside, so that the thickness of the ceramic membrane cell 42 can be reduced. Therefore, in the illustrated ceramic filter 70, the size, that is, the width of the ceramic membrane cell 42 can be reduced, so that the number of ceramic membrane cells 42 constituting the cylindrical filter portion 43 having the same dimension can be increased. In the illustrated ceramic filter 70, the number of ceramic membrane cells 42 can be increased to 36. Therefore, the filtration area is dramatically increased, and the filtration capacity can be significantly improved.

The number of beams 72 provided inside the ceramic membrane cell 42 is not particularly limited, and is not limited to two in the present invention, and may be one or three or more.
The porous ceramic filter according to the first aspect of the present invention is basically configured as described above.

The filter aid supply device 32 is a fine filtration device 2
The filter is filled with a filter aid for forming a filter aid layer which keeps the filtration ability of the ceramic filter 20 in a good condition and facilitates washing.
4 supplies to the ceramic filter 20 in the filtration device 21. That is, since the ceramic filter 20 has fine pores, if it is used directly for filtration, the fine pores are immediately clogged, and the filtering capacity is reduced in a short time, so that purification cannot be performed. . For this reason, the ceramic filter generally uses a filter aid layer which is easy to remove on the inflow side surface. As a filter aid,
It is preferable to use a powdery filter aid such as diatomaceous earth and lime, a fibrous filter aid such as cellulose, pulp fiber and asbestos, and a silica gel capable of selectively removing proteins. Therefore, it is preferable to form a release layer made of a powdery filter aid which can be easily removed on the inflow side surface of the ceramic filter, and a filter layer made of a fibrous filter aid and a silica gel layer formed on the release layer.

The backwashing device 28 accumulates on the ceramic filter 20 at regular intervals before the filtration efficiency decreases, for example, so that the filtering ability of the ceramic filter 20 in the filtering device 21 is always kept in a good state. In order to remove the filter cake and wash the ceramic filter, a high-pressure air-containing washing water stream for backflow and jetting, that is, a jet water stream consisting of washing water and high-pressure air supplied from a high-pressure air source (not shown) is generated. Although not shown in the figure, it comprises a circulation circuit for accelerating the flow rate of the washing water, and a mixer for the high-pressure air and the accelerated washing water, but is not particularly limited thereto.

In the pool water purifying apparatus 10 according to the third embodiment of the present invention basically configured as described above, the pool water overflowing from the pool 12 flows into the overflow tank 14 and is filled with a pre-filter such as a carbon filter. After relatively large impurities such as hair and rubber are removed by the filters 16a and 16b, the circulation pumps 18a and 18b are removed.
By the action of b, the porous ceramic filter 20 of the first embodiment flows into the fine filter 21 arranged in a large number of filtration tanks. Next, the pool water finely filtered by the ceramic filter 20 flows into the ultrafilter 22 and is ultrafiltered, and then flows into the sterilizer 24 using ultraviolet light and ozone to be sterilized, and is activated carbon or the like. After adsorbing and removing unpleasant odor molecules, such as ammonia, and viruses and bacteria killed by the sterilizing device 24, the water is returned to the pool 12 as purified water.

Incidentally, the pool water purification apparatus 1 shown in FIG.
0, the microfiltration device, the adsorption purification device and the sterilization device using the porous ceramics filter 20 according to the first embodiment of the present invention are constituted by separate tanks, but the present invention is not limited to this. JP-A-7-112 according to the inventor's invention
182, it may be integrated and made compact. This makes it possible to reduce the size and size of the purification device without deteriorating the performance of the purification device, which is more preferable when using the ceramic filter of the present invention. Further, as disclosed in the aforementioned Japanese Patent Publication No. 8-4716, the ceramic filter of the present invention may be applied to an integrated water purification device.

In the pool water purifying apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention, the ultrafiltration apparatus 22 does not always need to be provided. In particular, when the first purpose is to increase the purification processing amount, it is not necessary to provide.

As described above, pool water is given as a purifying fluid.
Although a pool water purification device is a representative example of the fluid digestion device, the porous ceramic filter for fluid purification according to the present invention, the fluid purification method using the same, and the fluid purification device have been described, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The target fluid may be a liquid or a gas. The liquids targeted by the present invention include river water, seawater, tap water and well water requiring purification, and further drainage, especially factory drainage, household (home) drainage, beer, wine, sake, etc. Brewed sake, soy sauce, sauces, juices, fruit juices, food oils, etc., as long as impurities need to be removed. Further, the liquid targeted by the present invention may be a suspension water for mining and recovering rare and useful metals such as lithium (Li) and gold (Au).

Further, the gas targeted by the present invention includes factory exhaust gas and combustion exhaust gas containing impurities such as smoke and air pollutants, particularly exhaust gas from rubber incinerators and rubber incinerators, and liquids as impurities. Any material, such as a fuel gas, that needs to remove impurities may be used.
In addition, various filtration devices other than the filtration device using a porous ceramic filter, sterilization device, adsorption filtration device, etc.
Only a part thereof may be used, all of them may be used, or they may not be used at all, and may be appropriately selected according to the target fluid.

As described above, the porous filter for fluid purification according to the first embodiment of the present invention has been described using a porous ceramic filter as a representative example. However, the present invention is not limited to this. The material is not particularly limited to ceramic as long as it has three-dimensionally fine pores and can also filter fine particles such as bacteria and oil released from living bodies. The size of the pores of the filter may be appropriately selected according to the particle size of the impurities to be removed in the liquid to be treated. For example, porous filters of various materials such as a compressed stainless pile obtained by press-compressing a fibrous material having a three-dimensional structure, a compressed metal pile, a material obtained by compressing carbon fibers, a material obtained by hardening sintered metal, and resin beads are used. Can be mentioned.

[0055]

As described above in detail, according to the porous ceramic filter of the first aspect of the present invention, the contact area, that is, the filtration area can be greatly increased as compared with the conventional one. Liquid residue such as pool water, drinking water, liquor, and gas such as exhaust gas and fuel gas can be used because the filter residue adheres little to the filtration surface and is easy to remove. The purification capacity, purification degree and throughput of the fluid can be greatly improved.

According to the fluid purification method of the second aspect of the present invention, liquids such as pool water, sewage, drinking water, liquor, mining suspended water and treated water, and gases such as exhaust gas and fuel gas are used. Fluid purification processing amount (recovery amount) and purification degree (recovery rate) can be greatly improved. Further, if the processing amount (recovery amount) or the purification degree (recovery rate) is the same as the conventional one, the apparatus configuration can be made small and compact.

Further, according to the fluid purification apparatus of the third aspect of the present invention, the purification amount (recovery amount) and the purification degree (recovery amount) of liquids such as pool water, drinking water, alcoholic beverages, and suspended water, and gases such as exhaust gas. Ratio), the device configuration of not only the filtration device but also the entire purification device can be made smaller and more compact. In addition, it is possible to backwash the porous filter during the cleaning operation,
Even if the continuous operation is performed without stopping the operation, the processing performance is not significantly reduced due to clogging or the like.

Further, according to the fluid purifying apparatus of the third aspect of the present invention, the purifying equipment can be integrated into a unit, so that the unit can be installed on site after the unit is manufactured. , Easy to handle and low cost,
Moreover, not only the installation work is easy, but also the throughput and the degree of purification can be made extremely large.

In a liquid purifying apparatus such as a pool water purifying apparatus having an ultrafiltration means, in addition to the above effects,
Organic substances such as oils and bacteria that are generated from the human body and contained in liquids such as pool water can be filtered, as well as viruses and proteins, so that liquids such as pool water can always be kept clean. it can. In addition, by back washing the ultrafiltration membrane, it is possible to always use high filtration efficiency without deteriorating the expensive ultrafiltration membrane for a long period of time, and to constantly remove liquids such as pool water with high accuracy. Can be purified.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of an example of a pool water purification device which is an embodiment of a fluid purification device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic explanatory view of an example of a main part of the pool water purification device shown in FIG.

3 (a) and 3 (b) are a partial sectional front view and a sectional view, respectively, of one embodiment of the porous ceramic filter of the present invention, and (c) is shown in (a) and (b). It is a front view of one Example of the tubular washing | cleaning means attached to a porous ceramic filter.

FIG. 4 is a partial front view of another embodiment of the porous ceramic filter of the present invention.

5 (a) and 5 (b) are cross-sectional views of the porous ceramic filter shown in FIG.
It is a B sectional view.

FIGS. 6 (c) and (d) are a partially enlarged perspective view and a partially enlarged sectional view of the porous ceramic filter shown in FIG. 4, respectively.

FIGS. 7A and 7B are a cross-sectional view of an intermediate portion and a cross-sectional view of a terminal portion of another embodiment of the porous ceramic filter of the present invention, respectively.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Pool water purification apparatus 12 Pool 14 Overflow tank 16a, 16b Pre-filter 18a, 18b Pump 20, 60, 70 Porous ceramics filter 21 Microfiltration apparatus 22 Ultrafiltration apparatus 24 Sterilization apparatus 26 Adsorption purification apparatus 28, 30 Backwashing apparatus 32 Filtration Aid Supply Device 34 Slurry Pump 42 Porous Ceramic Filter Membrane Cell 42a Top 42b Side 42c Ridge 43 Cylindrical Filter 44 Center Through Hole 45 Gap 46a, 46b Rib 47 Tubular Body 47a Spout Nozzle 48 Housing Tank 50 Filter Unit 51 Cover 52 Mount 62 Channel 72 Beam

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code FI B01D 71/02 B01D 71/02 C02F 1/28 C02F 1/28 F

Claims (20)

[Claims] 1. A cylindrical space formed in a central portion and an elongated tubular porous ceramic filter membrane cell having a substantially triangular, substantially trapezoidal or substantially sectoral cross-sectional shape, wherein a narrowing top portion is directed toward a center side. And a cylindrical filter portion radially arranged in a predetermined number so as to be on the outer periphery of the columnar space. 2. The porous ceramic filter membrane cell according to claim 1,
The porous ceramic filter according to claim 1, which is arranged at a predetermined interval. 3. The porous ceramic filter according to claim 1, wherein radial gaps between adjacent porous ceramic filter membrane cells are parallel. 4. The porous ceramic filter membrane cell according to claim 1,
The porous ceramic filter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the porous ceramic filter has at least one reinforcing beam therein. 5. The porous ceramic filter according to claim 1, further comprising a rib connecting radial gaps between adjacent porous ceramic filter cells. Quality ceramic filter. 6. The porous ceramic filter membrane cell is provided with cylindrical ribs at both ends of the porous ceramic filter membrane cell so as to connect all the porous ceramic filter membrane cells.
4. The porous ceramic filter according to item 1. 7. The porous ceramic filter according to claim 5, wherein the ribs are provided at predetermined intervals in a longitudinal direction of the porous ceramic filter membrane cell. 8. The porous ceramic filter according to claim 5, wherein said rib is a porous ceramic. 9. The porous ceramic filter according to claim 1, further comprising an end portion for all said porous ceramic filter membrane cells, while each of said porous ceramic filter membranes. A porous ceramic filter comprising a mount having a flow passage communicating with the inside of the cell and communicating with one outlet on the other hand. 10. The porous ceramic filter according to claim 1, further comprising a gap adjusting means for adjusting a gap between adjacent porous ceramic filter membrane cells. Porous ceramic filter. 11. The porous ceramic filter according to claim 9, wherein said gap adjusting means is provided on said mount. 12. The porous ceramic filter according to claim 1, wherein an unpurified fluid flows into said cylindrical space at the center of said porous ceramic filter, and said unpurified fluid is supplied to said circular space. A fluid purification method, comprising: passing through the radial gap of the cylindrical filter portion from the columnar space, flowing out of the cylindrical filter portion, and performing cross-flow filtration using the porous ceramic filter membrane cell. 13. A porous ceramic filter according to claim 1, wherein an unpurified fluid is introduced into a space outside said cylindrical filter portion of said porous ceramic filter. Through the radial gap of the cylindrical filter portion from the outside of the cylindrical filter portion to flow out into the central cylindrical space, and perform cross-flow filtration by the porous ceramic filter membrane. Fluid purification method. 14. The fluid purifying method according to claim 12, further comprising: stopping the flow of unpurified water into the porous ceramic filter at a predetermined time, and setting the outside of the porous ceramic filter membrane cell. After jetting a jet of a backflow fluid onto the surface to cause backflow, to remove the filter cake adhering to the outer surface of the porous ceramic filter membrane cell, unpurified water is again introduced into the porous ceramic filter, and crossflow is performed. A fluid purification method comprising performing filtration. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein at least one of a high-pressure bubble and an abrasive is mixed into the jet. 16. A fluid purifying apparatus comprising: a filtration means in which at least one porous ceramic filter according to claim 1 is arranged in a filtration tank; and a cleaning means for the filtration means. 17. The fluid purifying apparatus according to claim 16, further comprising an adsorption purifying means and a sterilizing means. 18. The fluid purifying apparatus according to claim 17, further comprising an ultrafiltration means. 19. The cleaning means is rotatably provided at the center of the columnar space at the center of the porous ceramic filter, and ejects a cleaning fluid jet toward the porous ceramic filter membrane cell. The fluid purification device according to claim 16, wherein the fluid purification device is a tube having a plurality of nozzles. 20. The cleaning means, which is provided so as to be able to revolve around a circumference of the porous ceramic filter at a predetermined distance from the outer periphery of the cylindrical filter portion, and which jets a cleaning fluid jet from the porous ceramic filter. 17. A tube having a plurality of nozzles for jetting toward a membrane cell.
19. The fluid purifying apparatus according to any one of claims to 18.