JPH11325753A - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a heat exchanger wherein replacing or repairing a broken tube is able to be conducted simply when a part of tubes for heat exchange is broken. SOLUTION: Tube units 2 are formed, wherein heat exchange tubes 1 are formed into zigzag shapes by a plurality of straight pipe parts and folded pipe parts so as for a first fluid to flow inside of the heat exchange tubes 1, and plural numbers of the heat exchange tubes 1 are integrally framed in parallel in a direction crossing a flowing direction of the first fluid at a right angle. A plurality of the tube units 2 are fabricated and disposed in a multi-stage shape so that each of flow outlets 6a and each of flow inlets 7a of each of the tube units 2 are provided oppositely inside a heat exchanger body 3 through which a second fluid flows. Each of the flow outlets 6a and each of the flow inlets 7a of each of the tube units 2 provided oppositely are detachably communicated with and connected with each other by each of connecting tubes 10.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Recently, the problem of dioxins generated from combustion exhaust gas from incinerators has been highlighted. It is known that this dioxin disappears by burning at about 900 ° C. or higher. However, hitherto, the combustion temperature of the incinerator was 900 ° C. or less, so that generation of dioxin could not be prevented. In order to solve this, it is natural that the combustion temperature of the incinerator should be raised to 900 ° C. or more. However, it is extremely uneconomical to discharge such high heat energy combustion gas as it is. Therefore, it is preferable to recover such high heat energy in some form.

The present invention pays attention to such a point, and for example, a heat exchange device is interposed in a portion of an exhaust gas passage at 900 ° C. or higher from an incinerator to efficiently recover high heat energy. About the vessel.

[0003]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a heat exchanger for recovering high heat energy of an incinerator as described above, a large number of straight pipes and a folded pipe connecting these pipes are folded in a rectangular heat exchanger body. A plurality of large-sized heat exchange tubes formed by the tube portion are arranged in parallel, and the tubes are connected and connected to each other, high-temperature exhaust gas is passed through the inside of the heat exchanger body, and one end thereof is inserted into the heat exchange tube. There is known an apparatus in which water is passed through a section to cause an exchange between hot exhaust gas and water, and the water is taken out as steam from the other end of the heat exchange tube.

In the above-described conventional heat exchanger, since the entire heat exchange tube is large and integrally formed, for example, when the heat exchange tube is partially damaged or corroded, or When the dust accumulates and the tube is clogged, the entire tube for heat exchange must be replaced, which is very uneconomical, and the work of replacing the tube requires a lot of trouble and time.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention divides a heat exchange tube, which has been conventionally formed as a large and integrally formed unit, into small tubes, and forms the small tubes. By constructing a plurality of units into a unit so that they can be removed for each unit, and also for each of the above small tubes, it is possible to replace or repair the tube if it is damaged or corroded. An object of the present invention is to provide a heat exchanger which can be easily performed and is economically advantageous.

[0006]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a heat exchanger which is formed in a zigzag shape by a plurality of straight pipes 4 and a folded pipe 5 so that a first fluid flows therein. A plurality of heat exchange tubes 1 are integrally framed in parallel in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the first fluid to form a tube unit 2, and a plurality of the tube units 2 are manufactured. Are arranged in a multi-stage such that the outlets 6a and 7a of the tube units 2 face each other in the heat exchanger body 3 through which the second fluid flows, and the tube units 2 face each other. The outflow ports 6a and 7a are detachably connected to each other by a connection tube 10.

A heat exchanger according to a second aspect of the present invention includes a heat exchanger tube 1 formed in a zigzag shape by a plurality of straight pipes 4 and a folded pipe 5 so that a first fluid flows therein. A plurality of tube units 2 are formed by providing predetermined gaps S in a direction orthogonal to the flow direction of the first fluid and integrally forming a plurality of tube units 2 in a frame. The plurality of tube units 2 are arranged in a multistage manner in the heat exchanger body 3 through which the second fluid flows so that the outflow ports 6a and 7a of the tube units 2 face each other. The outflow / inlet ports 6a and 7a facing each other are detachably connected to each other by a connecting tube 10, and the scrapers 15 for removing dust adhering to the tubes 1 of the tube units 2 are removed from each of the above empty spaces. Insert the S, those formed by providing a reciprocally driven along the tube 1 outer surface.

A third aspect of the present invention relates to the heat exchanger according to the first or second aspect, wherein each of the outlets and inlets 6 of the tube unit 2 is provided.
Reference numerals a and 7a are connected and connected to the merging pipe.

According to a fourth aspect, in the heat exchanger according to any one of the first to third aspects, each of the heat exchange tubes 1 of the tube unit 2 is formed such that an end of each straight pipe portion 4 is tapered. It has been done.

According to a fifth aspect, in the heat exchanger according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, each heat exchange tube 1 of the tube unit 2 can be separated from another heat exchange tube 1. .

[0011]

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a heat exchanger according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional side view thereof, and FIG. 3 is a partially cutaway front view thereof. In these figures, reference numeral 1 denotes a heat exchange tube through which a first fluid flows, and 2 denotes a tube unit including a plurality of heat exchange tubes 1. The second fluid is indicated by an arrow G in FIG. The heat exchanger main body 3 is disposed in the upper and lower stages in a rectangular tubular heat exchanger body 3 flowing in the direction. Of course,
The tube units 2 may be provided in the heat exchanger body 3 in three or more stages. In addition, on the inner peripheral surface of the heat exchanger body 3,
A heat resistant material 34 made of glass wool or the like and having a constant thickness is provided.

As can be seen from FIG. 2, each heat exchange tube 1 is formed in a zigzag shape by a plurality of straight pipes 4 parallel to each other and a plurality of folded pipes 5 connecting these straight pipes 4. You. A fluid outflow pipe 6 and a fluid inflow pipe 7 are connected to both ends of the tube 1, and the leading ends of the outflow and inflow pipes 6 and 7 are a fluid outlet 6a and a fluid inlet 7a.

Each of the tube units 2 is integrally formed in a state where a plurality of heat exchange tubes 1 are arranged side by side with a predetermined space S (see FIG. 6) provided in a direction orthogonal to the flow direction of the second fluid. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the frame is formed by each heat exchange tube 1.
The supply / discharge pipes 6 and 7 connected to both ends of the heat exchanger body 3 are supported and fixed by penetrating through a mounting substrate 8 which is detachable from the heat exchanger body 3 and, as shown in FIG. This is performed by placing the end of each heat exchange tube 1 on a support plate 42 fixed to the side surface.

The mounting board 8 has a thick plate-shaped fitting plate 8a fitted in a rectangular opening 9 formed in the side wall 3a of the heat exchanger body 3 and a peripheral surface of the rectangular opening 9 on the outer surface. An outer plate portion 8b which is in contact with and fixed to the side wall 3a by a bolt or the like. The tube unit 2 is taken out of the heat exchanger body 3 by detaching the mounting board 8 from the opening portion 9. Can be.

As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, the upper tube unit 2 and the lower tube unit 2 have a fluid inlet 7a of the upper unit 2 and a fluid outlet 6a of the lower unit 2. The fluid outlet 6a and the fluid inlet 7a, which are arranged so as to face each other up and down, are detachably connected to each other by a connecting tube 10 as shown in FIG. Each of the outlets 6a of the upper tube unit 2 is connected to a junction tube 11, and each of the inlets 7a of the lower tube unit 2 is connected to a junction tube 12 similar to the above. A fluid supply port 14 is provided, and a first fluid discharge port 13 is provided in the merging pipe 11.

The gaps S (see FIG. 6) between the adjacent heat exchange tubes 1, 1 arranged in parallel in the upper and lower tube units 2, 2 are shown in FIGS. As shown in FIG. 2, scrapers 15 for removing dust adhering to the heat exchange tubes 1 of each tube unit 2 are inserted and arranged, respectively.
5 is reciprocated along the outer surface of the heat exchange tube 1 by the drive mechanism 16A.

The scraper driving mechanism 16A includes an upper rotating shaft 18 and a lower rotating shaft 1 at upper and lower portions in the heat exchanger body 3.
8a and 18a, a plurality of arms 19 are integrally protruded from the upper rotating shaft 18 at a predetermined pitch, and the upper ends of the scrapers 15 are pivotally attached to the distal ends of the arms 19, respectively. Arms 21 and 21 are integrally protruded from opposed ends of 18a and 18a, and both arms 21 and 21 are pivotally attached to both ends of connecting rod 20. The lower end of each scraper 15 is pivoted to connecting rod 20. The upper rotating shaft 18 and one of the lower rotating shafts 18a are linked to a link mechanism 36 driven by a driving means 35 to rotate the rotating shafts 18 and 18a in a required angle range. Is reciprocatingly oscillated along the gap S between the heat exchange tubes 1 and 1.

FIGS. 4 and 5 are a partially cutaway perspective view and a longitudinal sectional side view of a heat exchanger provided with another drive mechanism 16B for driving the scraper 15, and the structure other than the drive mechanism 16B is illustrated. 1 and the same as the heat exchanger shown in FIG. The drive mechanism 16B has rotating shafts 37 and 38 mounted on upper and lower portions in the heat exchanger body 3, respectively, and sprockets 39 are mounted on the rotating shafts 37 and 38 at predetermined intervals, respectively. , 38, the chain 40 is hung on the opposing sprockets 39, 39, respectively.
The scraper 15 is reciprocated by connecting the upper and lower ends of the scraper 5 and rotating one of the rotating shafts 37 by a driving means 41. The driving means 41 drives the upper rotating shaft 37 and drives the lower rotating shaft 37 via a transmission chain (not shown).

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, in each of the heat exchange tubes 1 forming the tube unit 2, the end 4a of each straight pipe portion 4 is formed in a tapered shape. By forming the end portion 4a of each straight pipe portion 4 in a tapered shape in this manner, the gap S between the adjacent heat exchange tubes 1 and 1 has an increased gap width at both ends in the longitudinal direction, As a result, dust D adhering to the tip of the scraper 15 in the moving direction easily falls without adhering and remaining on the outer surface of the end of the straight pipe portion 4, and reduces the heat exchange efficiency at the end of the straight pipe portion 4. Can be prevented.

FIG. 8 shows a connecting tube for detachably connecting an outlet 6a of each heat exchange tube 1 in the lower unit 2 and an inlet 7a of each heat exchange tube 1 in the upper tube unit 2. 10 shows the structure of the detachable portion 24 of FIG. The attachment / detachment portion 24 has a tapered groove 25 having a groove bottom sloped upward toward the tip of the outflow / inlet port on the outer peripheral surface of the tip end of the outflow / inlet port 6a, 7a.
At the front end of the connecting pipe 26, a connecting pipe portion 26 which is fitted to the outflow inlets 6a, 7a is protrudingly provided. In the hole 27, a sphere 28 is held so as to be able to protrude and retract from the inner peripheral surface of the connecting tube 26.
And a female screw 31 of a fastening nut 30 externally fitted to the connecting pipe portion 26 is screwed into the female screw 31. A tapered portion 32 for pushing a sphere is provided at the tip of the female screw 31. An elastic ring 33 for sealing is attached to the inner part.

In order to connect the outlet 6a of each heat exchange tube 1 in the lower unit 2 with the inlet 7a of each heat exchange tube 1 in the upper tube unit 2, the connecting tube 10 is connected. Is connected to the outflow ports 6a and 7a of the heat exchange tube 1 as shown in FIG. 8, when the connecting tube 26 is fitted to the outflow ports 6a and 7a with the fastening nut 30 loosened. Each sphere 2
8 engages with the tapered groove 25 on the side of the outflow ports 6a and 7a as shown in FIG. In this state, when the fastening nut 30 is rotated in the tightening direction, the sphere pushing tapered portion 32 is rotated.
As a result, each sphere 28 is pressed against the tapered groove 25, whereby an attractive force acts on the outflow / inlet ports 6 a, 7 a and the connecting pipe section 26, and the connecting tube 1 on the movable side.
0 moves to the outlets 6a, 7a side, and as shown in the figure, the connecting pipe 26 is connected to the outlets 6a while the elastic ring 33 is pressed against and sealed at the distal end surfaces of the outlets 6a, 7a. 6a and 7a are integrally connected. by this,
Outlet 7a of heat exchange tube 1 and lower unit 2
And the inflow ports 6a of the heat exchange tubes 1 are connected to each other. When releasing the connection between the two, it is preferable to loosen the fastening nut 30 to separate the connecting tube 26 of the connecting tube 10 from the outflow ports 6a and 7a.

In the use of the heat exchanger having the above-described structure, the high-temperature exhaust gas of, for example, about 1400 ° C. discharged from the incinerator as the second fluid into the heat exchanger body 3 is shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. While flowing in the direction indicated by the arrow G, water as the first fluid is supplied from the first fluid supply port 14 to the merging pipe 12 that connects and connects the respective inlets 7a of the lower tube unit 2. The water supplied to the junction tube 12 is supplied to each of the heat exchange tubes 1 of the lower tube unit 2.
After flowing through each of the connecting tubes 10 through the outlet 6a.
And enters the inflow port 7a of each heat exchange tube 1 in the upper tube unit 2 through the above, and flows through each heat exchange tube 1.

Thus, the water is supplied to the lower tube unit 2
From each heat exchange tube 1 to the upper tube unit 2
During the flow of each heat exchange tube 1, heat exchange is performed with the high-temperature exhaust gas flowing inside the heat exchanger main body 3 to generate steam, and this steam flows from each outlet 6 a of the upper tube unit 2. The fluid flows out and merges in the merging pipe 11 and is discharged from the first fluid discharge port 13. The steam discharged from the first fluid supply port 13 is supplied to, for example, a steam turbine via a steam supply pipe.

In this embodiment, the outlet 6a of each heat exchange tube 1 of the lower tube unit 2 and the inlet 7 of each heat exchange tube 1 of the upper tube unit 2 are used.
are connected to each other detachably by a connecting tube 10, but the outlets 6 a of the respective heat exchange tubes 1 of the lower tube unit 2 are connected to the merging tubes 11, 1.
(2) In addition to being connected to the same junction pipe, the inlets 7a of the respective heat exchange tubes 1 of the upper tube unit 2 are connected to the same junction pipe and connected to the same junction pipe, and these two junction pipes can be attached and detached by an appropriate connection pipe. In such a case, a plurality of connecting tubes 10 may be connected to one.
Only one confluence pipe is required, and the production cost is low. Further, according to the illustrated embodiment, a plurality of heat exchange tubes 1 corresponding to each other between the tube units 2 can be connected to each other in the flow direction of the second fluid, whereby the first fluid can be transferred. It can be distributed smoothly.

During or before or after use of the heat exchanger, each scraper 15 inserted in the gap S between the heat exchange tubes 1 is moved by the driving mechanism 16 to the outer surface of each heat exchange tube 1. By reciprocating along, the dust adhering to the heat exchange tube 1 due to the flow of the second fluid can be effectively removed, and a decrease in heat exchange efficiency can be prevented.

In this heat exchanger, for example, when the heat exchange tubes 1 of the upper tube unit 2 are damaged and need to be replaced or repaired, the heat exchange tubes of the upper and lower tube units 2 are used. Each connecting tube 1 that connects and connects the outlets 6a, 7a of the tubes 1, 1
After detaching the upper tube unit 2 from the outlets 6a and 7a, the upper mounting substrate 8 attached to the opening 9 of the heat exchanger body 3 is removed. It can be easily taken out from the main body 3. Therefore, replacement or repair of the damaged heat exchange tube 1 can be performed easily and quickly. The same applies to the lower tube unit 2.

In the embodiment described above, the embodiment in which the tube units 2 can be separated from each other is illustrated.
Can be separated from each other. That is,
In the above embodiment, the lower tube unit 2
Are connected directly to the merging pipe 12 and the outlets 6a of the upper tube unit 2 are directly connected to the merging pipe 11, but in this case, each flow port of the lower tube unit 2 is connected. The inlet 7a is connected to the junction tube 12 through an attachment / detachment portion 24 as shown in FIG. 8, and the respective outlets 6a of the upper tube unit 2 are similarly connected to the junction tube 11 through the attachment / detachment portion 24. By connecting, each heat exchange tube 1 of the tube unit 2 can be cut off independently. By doing so, when one of the heat exchange tubes 1 of the tube unit 2 is damaged or corroded and needs to be replaced, only the tube 1 needs to be replaced, so that the replacement operation is even easier and economical. It is also very advantageous in terms of terms.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, an example has been described in which two tube units 2 are arranged in the upper and lower stages in the heat exchanger main body 3, but, of course, three or more tube units 2 may be provided. It can be arranged in three or more stages. Further, the outflow / inlet ports 6a, 7a of each tube unit 2 facing each other can be detachably connected to each other by a connecting tube 10 having a structure other than the above-described attaching / detaching portion 24. Further, as described above, the outlets 6a of the heat exchange tubes 1 of the lower tube unit 2 are removably connected to the junction tube, and the flow of the heat exchange tubes 1 of the upper tube unit 2 is connected. The inlets 7a may be removably connected to similar junction pipes, and the two junction pipes may be connected and connected by an appropriate connection pipe.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, the vertical heat exchanger body 3 is used, and the plurality of tube units 2 are arranged in a multi-stage shape. However, the horizontal heat exchanger body 3 is used. Thus, a plurality of tube units 2 may be arranged in multiple stages in the horizontal direction. Further, in this embodiment, the outflow / inlet ports 6a, 7 of each tube unit 2 facing each other.
a is detachably connected to the outside of the heat exchanger body 3 by a connecting tube 10, and the outlet 6
a and 7a may be detachably connected to each other by a connecting tube 10 inside the heat exchanger body 3.

[0030]

According to the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the present invention, a plurality of heat exchange tubes through which the first fluid flows are integrally arranged in parallel in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the first fluid. A tube unit is formed by framing, and a plurality of the tube units are arranged in a multi-stage shape in the heat exchanger main body through which the second fluid flows so that the outlets and the inlets of the tube units face each other. The outflow / inlet ports of the units facing each other are removably connected by connecting tubes. If any of the heat exchange tubes is damaged and needs to be replaced or repaired, the tube units face each other. By disconnecting the connecting tubes connecting the outflow and inlet ports to be connected, the tube units can be separated from each other, whereby the tube to which the damaged tube belongs Removed Knit only from the heat exchanger body, can be replaced or repaired damaged heat exchanger tubes easily and quickly.

Further, since the mutually facing outflow and inflow ports of each tube unit are connected and connected by the connection tube, a plurality of heat exchange tubes corresponding to each other between the tube units are mutually connected along the flow direction of the second fluid. The first fluid can be smoothly circulated.

According to the heat exchanger of the second aspect,
In addition to the effect of the invention according to claim 1, dust adhering to each heat exchange tube of each of the tube units arranged in a multi-stage can be effectively removed during or before and after use of the heat exchanger. Thus, a decrease in heat exchange efficiency can be prevented.

[0033] When each of the outflow and inlet ports of the tube unit is connected to the merging pipe as described in the third aspect, a plurality of connecting tubes need only be one merging pipe. The work can be done easily and the production cost is low.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, since the end of each straight pipe portion in each heat exchange tube is formed in a tapered shape, the gap between adjacent heat exchange tubes is reduced in the longitudinal direction. The gap width increases at both ends, so that the dust adhering to the tip of the scraper in the moving direction easily falls without adhering to the outer surface of the end of the straight pipe, and heat exchange at the end of the straight pipe A decrease in efficiency can be prevented.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, each of the heat exchange tubes of the tube unit can be separated from other heat exchange tubes, so that one of the heat exchange tubes of the tube unit is damaged or corroded. When the tube needs to be replaced, it is only necessary to take the tube, so the replacement operation is simpler and economically very advantageous.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially broken perspective view showing an example of a heat exchanger according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional side view of the heat exchanger shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a partially cutaway front view of the heat exchanger shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing another example of the heat exchanger according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional side view of the heat exchanger shown in FIG.

FIG. 6 is a partial plan view of the same heat exchanger.

FIG. 7 is an enlarged front view showing an end of the heat exchange tube.

8 is a sectional view showing a structure of a detachable portion between the outflow / inlet of the tube unit and the connecting tube and a series of operations thereof.

[Description of Signs] 1 heat exchange tube 2 tube unit 3 heat exchanger body 4 straight tube portion of heat exchange tube 5 folded tube portion 6a fluid outlet 7a fluid inlet 10 connecting tube 11 merging tube 12 merging tube 15 scraper 16 Drive mechanism 24 Connecting tube attaching / detaching part

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A heat exchange tube formed in a zigzag shape by a plurality of straight pipe portions and a folded pipe portion so that a first fluid flows therein, in a direction orthogonal to a flow direction of the first fluid. A tube unit is formed by integrally framed in this parallel state, a plurality of the tube units are manufactured, and the plurality of the tube units are placed in the heat exchanger body through which the second fluid flows. A heat exchanger in which outlets and outlets are arranged in a multi-stage so as to face each other, and the outlets and outlets of each tube unit facing each other are detachably connected to each other by connecting tubes. 2. A heat exchange tube which is formed in a zigzag shape by a plurality of straight pipe portions and a folded pipe portion so that a first fluid flows therethrough in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the first fluid. A plurality of tube units are formed by integrally forming a plurality of tube units by providing predetermined gaps, and a plurality of the tube units are manufactured, and the plurality of tube units are passed through a heat exchanger through which the second fluid flows. The outlets and inlets of each tube unit are arranged in a multi-stage so as to face each other in the vessel body, and the outlets and inlets of each tube unit facing each other are detachably connected to each other by connecting tubes, and attached to the tubes of each tube unit. A heat exchanger in which a scraper for removing dust generated is inserted into each of the above-mentioned gaps and is provided so as to be reciprocally driven along the outer surface of the tube. 3. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein each of the outlets and the inlets of the tube unit is connected to a merging pipe. 4. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein each of the heat exchange tubes of the tube unit has an end portion of each straight pipe portion tapered. 5. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein each of the heat exchange tubes of the tube unit is separable from other heat exchange tubes.