JPH11324587A - Thinly spraying construction method - Google Patents
Thinly spraying construction methodInfo
- Publication number
- JPH11324587A JPH11324587A JP10151910A JP15191098A JPH11324587A JP H11324587 A JPH11324587 A JP H11324587A JP 10151910 A JP10151910 A JP 10151910A JP 15191098 A JP15191098 A JP 15191098A JP H11324587 A JPH11324587 A JP H11324587A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- mortar
- liquid
- weight
- accelerating agent
- quick
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/10—Accelerators; Activators
- C04B2103/12—Set accelerators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
- C04B2111/00577—Coating or impregnation materials applied by spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00724—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 in mining operations, e.g. for backfilling; in making tunnels or galleries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明が属する技術分野】本発明は、道路、鉄道、導水
路等のトンネルにおいて、露出した地山面に、モルタル
を２〜４ｃｍの薄さに吹付けながら、高強度の吹付面が
得られる吹付工法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a high-strength spraying surface of a road, a railroad, a headrace or the like while spraying a mortar to a thickness of 2 to 4 cm on an exposed ground surface. Related to spraying method.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】近時、直径が２〜５ｍの小断面の導水路
等は、トンネルボーリングマシーン（ＴＢＭ）で掘削さ
れることが多く、掘削後の岩盤の安定化にモルタル吹付
工法が使用されている。しかしながら、従来の工法では
施工機械が大型であって作業スペースが不足したり、使
用するコンクリートを坑外から搬入しなければならない
ため、コンクリートのライフタイムに制約され易い問題
があった。また、大量の空気で圧送、吹付けるため発生
する粉塵量も多く、作業環境の悪化に問題があった。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, headraces and the like having a small cross section having a diameter of 2 to 5 m are often excavated by a tunnel boring machine (TBM), and a mortar spraying method is used for stabilizing rock after excavation. ing. However, the conventional construction method has a problem that the working machine is large and the working space is insufficient, and the concrete to be used must be carried in from outside the mine, so that there is a problem that the lifetime of the concrete is easily restricted. In addition, a large amount of dust is generated due to a large amount of air being fed and blown, which causes a problem of deterioration of the working environment.
【０００３】特開平３−１２２０４０号公報にはセメン
ト、砂及び繊維を含有してなるモルタルとカルシウムア
ルミネートを含有するスラリーを吹付ける技術が開示さ
れた。この技術は薄吹付モルタルであっても長期強度発
現性に優れた急結剤を使用し、繊維を配合しているため
初期、長期共に高強度が得られるが、吹付直後のダレが
生じることがあり、吹付け厚さの確保に安定を欠くこと
や表面の仕上がりが粗雑となる場合があり、また、急結
剤が少量であると初期強度発現性が充分でなかった。特
開平９−２２７１９８号公報には、セメント、砂、水等
を含有してなるＡ液とアルカリ金属アルミン酸塩を含有
してなるＢ液とを個別に圧送して硬化させる吹付工法が
提案されているが、使用する急結剤がアルカリ金属アル
ミン酸塩であるため、強度の増大、長期の耐久性に問題
があった。Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-122040 discloses a technique of spraying a mortar containing cement, sand and fibers and a slurry containing calcium aluminate. This technology uses a quick-setting agent with excellent long-term strength development properties even with thin spray mortar, and blends fibers, so high strength can be obtained both early and long term, but sagging immediately after spraying may occur In some cases, insufficiency in securing the sprayed thickness or lack of surface finish may occur, and when the amount of the quick-setting admixture is small, the initial strength development is insufficient. JP-A-9-227198 proposes a spraying method in which a liquid A containing cement, sand, water and the like and a liquid B containing alkali metal aluminate are separately pumped and hardened. However, since the quick-setting agent used is an alkali metal aluminate, there are problems in increasing strength and long-term durability.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、小断面のト
ンネルのような狭い作業空間においてもリバウンドを低
減して作業環境を改善し、吹付直後及び長期の強度発現
性を高め２〜４ｃｍの薄さで掘削後の地山や岩盤を安定
化させることができる工法を提供するものである。更
に、トンネルの補修にも適用可能で、連続ミキサーポン
プを使用することにより作業効率を高める技術を提供す
ることを目的とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention improves the working environment by reducing rebound even in a narrow working space such as a tunnel having a small cross section, and increases the strength development immediately after spraying and for a long period of 2 to 4 cm. An object of the present invention is to provide a construction method capable of stabilizing a ground and a bedrock after excavation with a small thickness. Further, it is an object of the present invention to provide a technique which can be applied to repair of a tunnel and enhances working efficiency by using a continuous mixer pump.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明の構成は、薄吹付
工法において、モルタルを圧送する配管内に、カルシウ
ムアルミネート等のスラリー化した粉末急結剤と、アル
カリアルミン酸塩水溶液又は硫酸アルミニウム水溶液等
の液体急結剤を合流させながら吹付けることを特徴とす
る。According to the structure of the present invention, in a thin spraying method, a slurried powder quick-setting agent such as calcium aluminate, an alkali aluminate aqueous solution or aluminum sulfate is placed in a pipe for pumping mortar. It is characterized in that a liquid quick-setting agent such as an aqueous solution is sprayed while being combined.
【０００６】すなわち、本発明はスラリー化した粉末急
結剤と液体急結剤を個別に空気圧送して合流させ、直ち
に圧送されている配管内のモルタルと合流させて吹付け
るものである。液体急結剤の作用により吹付直後の凝結
を可能にし、スラリー化した粉末急結剤の作用によりそ
の後の凝結及び強度の増大を可能にし、それぞれの急結
剤の使用量が少量であっても単独で使用するよりもはる
か大きな急結力を発現する。その結果、全体の急結剤使
用量が少量であるにもかかわらず初期及び長期共に高い
強度を発現する。That is, according to the present invention, the powdered quick-setting agent and the liquid quick-setting agent which have been slurried are individually pneumatically fed and merged, and immediately merged with the mortar in the pipe being fed and sprayed. The action of the liquid quick-setting agent enables the setting immediately after spraying, and the action of the slurried powder quick-setting agent enables the subsequent setting and increase in strength. Expresses a much faster snap force than when used alone. As a result, high strength is exhibited both in the initial stage and in the long period, even though the entire amount of the quick-setting agent used is small.
【０００７】[0007]
【発明の実施の形態】本発明に使用するセメントとして
は、市販されている普通、早強、中庸熱及び超早強等の
各種ポルトランドセメント、並びにこれらのポルトラン
ドセメントにフライアッシュや高炉スラグ等を混合した
各種混合セメントが挙げられる。吹付に要求される低リ
バウンド率、粉塵量の低減、圧送性、強度発現性及び施
工容易性等の性能に適したセメントを選択できる。一般
には普通ポルトランドセメントや早強ポルトランドセメ
ントが好ましい。また、フルオロカルシウムアルミネー
トを含有するフルオロセメントも使用できる。更に、セ
メント中の鉱物組成の含有量を適正な比率にして焼成し
たクリンカーに、硫酸カルシウム、硫酸カリウム、硫酸
ナトリウム等の硫酸塩を併用した特殊セメントも使用で
きる。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION As the cement used in the present invention, various portland cements such as ordinary, fast, moderate heat and super fast, which are commercially available, and fly ash, blast furnace slag, etc. are added to these portland cements. Various mixed cements that have been mixed are exemplified. It is possible to select a cement suitable for performance such as a low rebound rate required for spraying, a reduction in dust amount, pumpability, strength development, and ease of construction. Generally, ordinary Portland cement and early-strength Portland cement are preferred. Also, a fluorocement containing fluorocalcium aluminate can be used. In addition, a special cement in which sulfates such as calcium sulfate, potassium sulfate, and sodium sulfate are used in combination with clinker fired at an appropriate ratio of the mineral composition content in the cement can be used.
【０００８】本発明で使用する骨材は、天然砂、珪砂、
石灰砂のいずれも使用可能であり、その最大粒径は２．
５ｍｍ以下、好ましくは１．５ｍｍ以下である。最大粒
径が２．５ｍｍを越えるとポンプ圧送性が低下し、吹付
時の跳ね返りが多くなりがちである。特に、この傾向は
連続ミキサー式ポンプを使用する場合に顕著である。骨
材の使用量は、セメント１００重量部に対して５０〜３
００重量部であり、作業性、初期強度発現性及び耐久性
の面から１００〜２５０重量部が好ましい。５０重量部
未満では耐久性が低く、３００重量部を越えるとポンプ
圧送性や初期強度発現性が低くなり、跳ね返りも多くな
る。[0008] The aggregate used in the present invention is natural sand, quartz sand,
Any of lime sand can be used, and its maximum particle size is 2.
It is 5 mm or less, preferably 1.5 mm or less. When the maximum particle size exceeds 2.5 mm, the pumping property is reduced, and the rebound at the time of spraying tends to increase. This tendency is particularly remarkable when a continuous mixer pump is used. The amount of aggregate used is 50 to 3 per 100 parts by weight of cement.
00 parts by weight, preferably 100 to 250 parts by weight from the viewpoints of workability, initial strength development and durability. If the amount is less than 50 parts by weight, the durability is low. If the amount exceeds 300 parts by weight, the pumping property and the initial strength expression are reduced, and the rebound is increased.
【０００９】本発明においては繊維を配合するとひび割
れの発生を低減できる。繊維としては、セラミックファ
イバーや耐アルカリガラスファイバー等の無機系繊維、
カーボンファイバー、ポリエチレンファイバー、ビニロ
ンファイバー、アラミドファイバー、ポリアクリルファ
イバー等の有機系繊維、更にスチールファイバー等が挙
げられる。中でも耐アルカリガラスファイバー、ビニロ
ンファイバー及びポリアクリルファイバーが好ましい。
繊維の長さは特に限定がなく、施工性の面から３〜１２
ｍｍ、好ましくは５〜１０ｍｍである。繊維の使用量
は、混合したモルタル１００重量部に対して０．４〜
１．５重量部、好ましくは０．５〜１．２重量部であ
る。０．４重量部未満では目的とする靱性やひび割れ抵
抗性、剪断強度が得られず、１．５重量部を越えるとモ
ルタル原料の混合時の混合分散性が悪化したり、強度発
現性が低下するおそれがある。In the present invention, the occurrence of cracks can be reduced by blending fibers. As the fibers, inorganic fibers such as ceramic fibers and alkali-resistant glass fibers,
Examples include organic fibers such as carbon fiber, polyethylene fiber, vinylon fiber, aramid fiber, and polyacryl fiber, and steel fiber. Among them, alkali-resistant glass fibers, vinylon fibers and polyacryl fibers are preferred.
The length of the fiber is not particularly limited, and is 3 to 12 in terms of workability.
mm, preferably 5 to 10 mm. The amount of the fiber used is 0.4 to 100 parts by weight of the mixed mortar.
1.5 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 1.2 parts by weight. If the amount is less than 0.4 parts by weight, the desired toughness, crack resistance, and shear strength cannot be obtained. If the amount exceeds 1.5 parts by weight, the mixing and dispersibility at the time of mixing the mortar raw material is deteriorated, and the strength expression is reduced. There is a possibility that.
【００１０】本発明で使用するカルシウムアルミネート
とは、ＣａＯ原料やＡｌ2 Ｏ3 原料等を混合したものを
キルンで焼成したり、電気炉で溶融する等の熱処理によ
り得られるものであり、初期にセメント成分の凝結を起
こさせる急結成分である。カルシウムアルミネートとし
ては、ＣａＯをＣ、Ａｌ2 Ｏ3 をＡとすると、Ｃ2 Ａ、
Ｃ12Ａ7 、ＣＡ及びＣＡ2 等の鉱物組成で示されるカル
シウムアルミネート熱処理物が挙げられ、これらの粉砕
物の１種又は２種以上を使用することができる。更にそ
の他の成分として、ナトリウム、カリウム、リチウム等
のアルカリ金属を一部含有したカルシウムアルミネート
等も使用できる。中でも非晶質のカルシウムアルミネー
トは反応活性の点で好ましく、Ｃ12Ａ7 組成に対応する
熱処理物を急冷した非晶質のカルシウムアルミネートが
特に好ましい。The calcium aluminate used in the present invention is obtained by heat-treating a mixture of a CaO raw material, an Al 2 O 3 raw material, etc., by firing in a kiln or melting in an electric furnace. It is a quick setting component that causes the cement component to set. As calcium aluminate, if CaO is C and Al 2 O 3 is A, C 2 A,
Calcium aluminate heat-treated products having a mineral composition such as C 12 A 7 , CA and CA 2 can be mentioned, and one or more of these pulverized materials can be used. Further, as other components, calcium aluminate partially containing an alkali metal such as sodium, potassium and lithium can be used. Among them, amorphous calcium aluminate is preferred in terms of reaction activity, and amorphous calcium aluminate obtained by quenching a heat-treated product corresponding to the C 12 A 7 composition is particularly preferred.
【００１１】また、ＳｉＯ2 成分を含有するアルミノケ
イ酸カルシウム、Ｃ12Ａ7 の１つのＣａＯをＣａＦ2 等
のハロゲン化物で置き換えたＣ11Ａ7 ・ＣａＸ2 （Ｘは
フッ素等のハロゲン）、ＳＯ3 成分を含有するＣ4 Ａ3
・ＳＯ3 やアルミナセメントも同様に使用できる。カル
シウムアルミネートの粒度はブレーン値５０００ｃｍ2
／ｇ以上が好ましい。５０００ｃｍ2 ／ｇ未満だと急結
性や初期強度発現性が低下するおそれがある。Also, calcium aluminosilicate containing a SiO 2 component, C 11 A 7 .CaX 2 (X is a halogen such as fluorine) in which one CaO of C 12 A 7 is replaced by a halide such as CaF 2 , SO C 4 A 3 containing 3 components
· SO 3 and alumina cement may be used as well. The particle size of the calcium aluminate is a Blaine value of 5000 cm 2
/ G or more is preferred. If it is less than 5000 cm 2 / g, the quick setting property and the initial strength expression property may be reduced.
【００１２】カルシウムアルミネートのみでもよいが、
カルシウムアルミネートに石こう等の凝結硬化を促進す
る混和材を配合してもよい。中でも石こうとカルシウム
アルミネートの混合物は凝結開始時間や長期強度発現性
の面から好ましい。石こうとしては、無水石こう、半水
石こう、二水石こう等が挙げられ、これらの１種又は２
種以上を使用できる。中でもII型無水石こうが強度発現
性の面から好ましい。石こうの粒度は強度発現性の点で
ブレーン値で３０００ｃｍ2 ／ｇ以上、好ましくは５０
００ｃｍ2 ／ｇ以上である。３０００ｃｍ2 ／ｇ未満だ
と強度発現性が低下するおそれがある。石こうの使用量
はカルシウムアルミネート１００重量部に対して５０〜
２００重量部、好ましくは１００〜１５０重量部であ
る。５０重量部未満だと強度発現性が低下するおそれが
あり、２００重量部を越えると初期凝結が遅れ、地山に
対する付着性が低下する。Although calcium aluminate alone may be used,
An admixture that promotes setting and hardening such as gypsum may be added to calcium aluminate. Among them, a mixture of gypsum and calcium aluminate is preferred from the viewpoint of the setting start time and long-term strength development. Examples of the gypsum include anhydrous gypsum, hemihydrate gypsum, dihydrate gypsum and the like.
More than species can be used. Above all, type II anhydrous gypsum is preferable from the viewpoint of developing strength. The particle size of the gypsum is 3000 cm 2 / g or more, preferably 50, in terms of Blaine value in terms of strength development.
00 cm 2 / g or more. If it is less than 3000 cm 2 / g, the strength development may be reduced. The amount of gypsum used is 50 to 100 parts by weight of calcium aluminate.
It is 200 parts by weight, preferably 100 to 150 parts by weight. If the amount is less than 50 parts by weight, the strength development may decrease. If the amount exceeds 200 parts by weight, the initial setting is delayed, and the adhesion to the ground decreases.
【００１３】スラリー化した粉末急結剤の使用量は、粉
末急結剤としてモルタル中のセメントに対して３〜１５
重量部、好ましくは５〜１０重量部である。粉末急結剤
をスラリー化することにより、吹付中の粉塵を極めて少
なくすることができる。また、粉末急結剤そのものに水
硬性があり、反応生成物がエトリンガイト系のためモル
タルの収縮率の低減が可能であり、ひび割れの発生を防
止でき、モルタルに耐久性を付与できる。The amount of the slurryed powder quick setting agent used is 3 to 15 with respect to the cement in the mortar as the powder quick setting agent.
Parts by weight, preferably 5 to 10 parts by weight. By making the powder quick-setting agent into a slurry, dust during spraying can be extremely reduced. In addition, the powder quick-setting agent itself has hydraulic properties, and since the reaction product is an ettringite-based material, it is possible to reduce the mortar shrinkage, prevent the occurrence of cracks, and impart durability to the mortar.
【００１４】本発明の凝結遅延剤は急結剤の練り置き性
を２時間以上保持するために必要であり、具体的にはク
エン酸、酒石酸、リンゴ酸、グルコン酸等のオキシカル
ボン酸やショ糖、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム等が挙
げられる。凝結遅延剤の使用量は特に限定されるもので
はないが、例えばクエン酸と炭酸カリウムを使用したと
きは、粉末急結剤に対して５重量部以下、好ましくは
０．３〜２重量部である。本発明において、粉末急結剤
と凝結遅延剤は水に懸濁した状態のスラリーとして使用
することが好ましい。ここで使用する水の量は施工条件
によって異なるが、初期強度発現性を重視した場合は粉
末急結剤１００重量部に対して５０〜１００重量部が好
ましい。The setting retarder of the present invention is necessary for maintaining the setting property of the quick setting agent for 2 hours or more, and specifically, oxycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid and gluconic acid, and succinic acid. Sugar, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and the like can be mentioned. The amount of the setting retarder used is not particularly limited. For example, when citric acid and potassium carbonate are used, the amount is 5 parts by weight or less, preferably 0.3 to 2 parts by weight, based on the powder quick setting agent. is there. In the present invention, the powder quick setting agent and the setting retarder are preferably used as a slurry suspended in water. The amount of water used here varies depending on the application conditions, but when importance is placed on the initial strength development, 50 to 100 parts by weight is preferable with respect to 100 parts by weight of the powder quick-setting binder.
【００１５】本発明で使用するアルカリ金属アルミン酸
塩（以下、アルミン酸アルカリという）としては、アル
ミン酸ナトリウムやアルミン酸カリウムが挙げられ、溶
解性の面からアルミン酸カリウムの使用が好ましい。ア
ルミン酸アルカリは一般に液状として使用する。アルミ
ン酸アルカリはそのＮａ2 Ｏ／Ａｌ2 Ｏ3 モル比又はＫ
2 Ｏ／Ａｌ2 Ｏ3 モル比は、１．５〜２．０のものが好
ましい。Ｎａ2 Ｏ／Ａｌ2 Ｏ3 モル比又はＫ2 Ｏ／Ａｌ
2 Ｏ3 モル比が１．５未満の場合は１００℃において溶
解し難い場合がある。アルミン酸アルカリの水溶液は、
水酸化ナトリウムと水酸化アルミニウム又は水酸化カリ
ウムと水酸化アルミニウムを、Ｎａ2 Ｏ／Ａｌ2 Ｏ3 モ
ル比又はＫ2Ｏ／Ａｌ2 Ｏ3 モル比が１．５〜２．０と
なるように配合し、１００℃で加熱溶解し、４０〜６０
重量％の濃度に調整して使用する。Examples of the alkali metal aluminate (hereinafter, referred to as alkali aluminate) used in the present invention include sodium aluminate and potassium aluminate, and use of potassium aluminate is preferred in view of solubility. The alkali aluminate is generally used as a liquid. The alkali aluminate has a Na 2 O / Al 2 O 3 molar ratio or K
The 2 O / Al 2 O 3 molar ratio is preferably from 1.5 to 2.0. Na 2 O / Al 2 O 3 molar ratio or K 2 O / Al
If the 2 O 3 molar ratio is less than 1.5, it may be difficult to dissolve at 100 ° C. The aqueous solution of alkali aluminate is
Sodium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide or potassium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide are mixed so that the molar ratio of Na 2 O / Al 2 O 3 or K 2 O / Al 2 O 3 is 1.5 to 2.0. Mix, heat and dissolve at 100 ° C, 40-60
Adjust to a concentration of weight% before use.
【００１６】本発明においては、アルミン酸アルカリの
水溶液に炭酸ナトリウム又は炭酸カリウムの５０重量％
水溶液を、アルミン酸アルカリの５０重量％水溶液１０
０重量部に対して２０〜１００重量部混合したものも使
用できる。アルミン酸アルカリの使用量は、セメント１
００重量部に対して０．５〜５重量部、好ましくは１〜
３重量部である。０．５重量部未満では目的とする凝結
力が得られず、特に低温下ではこの傾向が顕著である。
５重量部を越えると大きな凝結力が得られるが、長期耐
久性が低下するおそれがある。In the present invention, 50% by weight of sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate is added to the aqueous solution of alkali aluminate.
The aqueous solution is treated with a 50% by weight aqueous solution of alkali aluminate 10
A mixture of 20 to 100 parts by weight with respect to 0 parts by weight can also be used. The amount of alkali aluminate used is 1 cement
0.5 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 100 parts by weight
3 parts by weight. If the amount is less than 0.5 part by weight, the desired coagulation force cannot be obtained, and this tendency is particularly remarkable at low temperatures.
If it exceeds 5 parts by weight, a large coagulating force is obtained, but the long-term durability may be reduced.
【００１７】本発明で使用する硫酸アルミニウム水溶液
は、一般に市販されている硫酸アルミニウムが使用可能
である。市販品に通常含まれる不純物には影響されな
い。硫酸アルミニウムを溶解する水は、溶解性の面で硫
酸アルミニウム１００重量部に対して１５０重量部が好
ましい。硫酸アルミニウム水溶液の使用量は、セメント
１００重量部に対して０．５〜５重量部、好ましくは１
〜３重量部である。０．５重量部未満では目的とする凝
結力が得られず、特に低温下ではこの傾向が顕著であ
り、５重量部を越えると大きな凝結力が得られるが、長
期耐久性が低下するおそれがある。アルミン酸アルカリ
の水溶液及び硫酸アルミニウムの水溶液を圧送するポン
プは特に限定はないが、ピストン式ポンプ、スクイズ式
ポンプ又はスネイク式ポンプを挙げることができる。As the aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate used in the present invention, commercially available aluminum sulfate can be used. It is not affected by impurities normally contained in commercial products. Water for dissolving aluminum sulfate is preferably 150 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of aluminum sulfate in terms of solubility. The amount of the aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate is 0.5 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 100 parts by weight of cement.
３3 parts by weight. If the amount is less than 0.5 part by weight, the desired coagulation force cannot be obtained, and this tendency is particularly remarkable at a low temperature. If the amount exceeds 5 parts by weight, a large coagulation force can be obtained, but the long-term durability may decrease. is there. The pump for pumping the aqueous solution of alkali aluminate and the aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a piston type pump, a squeeze type pump and a snake type pump.
【００１８】本発明では、セメント、最大粒径２．５ｍ
ｍの骨材、必要に応じて配合する繊維、その他の混和剤
を乾燥状態でドライ混合し、ドライ混合したモルタルと
水を混合してＡ液とし、スラリー化した粉末急結剤をＢ
液とし、アルミン酸アルカリ水溶液をＣ液とし、硫酸ア
ルミニウム水溶液をＤ液とし、このＡ液にＢ液と、Ｃ液
又はＤ液を圧送して吹付ける。In the present invention, the cement has a maximum particle size of 2.5 m.
m, aggregates, fibers to be blended as necessary, and other admixtures are dry-mixed in a dry state, the dry-mixed mortar and water are mixed to form a liquid A, and the slurryed powder quick-setting admixture B
A solution, an alkali aluminate aqueous solution is used as a liquid C, an aluminum sulfate aqueous solution is used as a liquid D, and the liquid A and the liquid C or the liquid D are pressure-fed and sprayed on the liquid A.
【００１９】混練り圧送されたモルタルＡ液と個別に圧
送されたスラリー急結剤Ｂ液とアルミン酸アルカリ水溶
液Ｃ液又は硫酸アルミニウム水溶液Ｄ液とを混合する方
法は特に限定はない。例えばニュー・オーストリアン・
工法（ＮＡＴＭ）で使用されているように、Ｙ字管を用
いてモルタルにスラリーとアルミン酸アルカリ水溶液を
空気で混合する際、各液を吸引排出するポンプ出口でＹ
字管等から空気を入れて搬送し、モルタルと合流させて
吹付けることが可能である。このように空気搬送するこ
とにより、配管内のスラリー急結剤の水洗が容易にな
り、モルタルとの混合性が向上し、急結力や強度発現性
が良好となる。There is no particular limitation on the method of mixing the mortar A solution kneaded and fed, the slurry quick-setting agent B solution separately fed and the alkali aluminate aqueous solution C solution or the aluminum sulfate aqueous solution D solution. For example, New Austrian
When a slurry and an alkali aluminate aqueous solution are mixed with air in a mortar using a Y-shaped tube as used in the NATM method (NATM), the pump outlet for sucking and discharging the respective liquids has a Y-shape.
It is possible to introduce air from a pipe or the like, convey the air, merge it with mortar, and spray it. By carrying the air in this way, the slurry quick-setting agent in the pipe is easily washed with water, the mixing property with the mortar is improved, and the quick-setting force and strength development are improved.
【００２０】例えば、図１に示すように、配管ＡからＡ
液を、先端の吹付ノズル１まで圧送する。Ｂ液の圧送方
法は、空気圧送管２ａ又は３ａから空気を供給し、供給
管２ｂ又は３ｂからＢ液を供給して配管Ｂ又は配管Ｃよ
りＢ液を空気圧送する。Ｃ液又はＤ液の圧送方法は、空
気圧送管３ａ又は２ａから空気を供給し、供給管３ｂ又
は２ｂからＣ液又はＤ液を供給して配管Ｃ又は配管Ｂよ
りＣ液又はＤ液を空気圧送する。配管Ｂ及び配管Ｃは急
結剤合流部４で合流し、モルタル合流部５において合流
した２種類の急結剤はモルタルと合流して吹付けられ
る。For example, as shown in FIG.
The liquid is pumped to the spray nozzle 1 at the tip. In the method of pumping the liquid B, air is supplied from the air pressure pipe 2a or 3a, the liquid B is supplied from the supply pipe 2b or 3b, and the liquid B is supplied from the pipe B or the pipe C. The method of pumping the C liquid or the D liquid is as follows: air is supplied from the air pressure feeding pipe 3a or 2a, and the C liquid or the D liquid is supplied from the supply pipe 3b or 2b, and the C liquid or the D liquid is pneumatically supplied from the pipe C or the pipe B. Send. The pipe B and the pipe C are joined at the quick-curing agent merging unit 4, and the two types of quick-curing agents merged at the mortar merging unit 5 are merged with the mortar and sprayed.
【００２１】モルタルの混練に使用するミキサーとして
は、タライ型ミキサー、ホーバー型ミキサー、二軸ミキ
サー及びオムニミキサー等のバッチ練りミキサーの使用
が可能である。ここで、混練に使用する水の量は特に限
定されるものでないが、ポンプで圧送可能な流動性が得
られるように、例えばフロー値として１８０〜２６０ｍ
ｍになるように水を加えることが好ましい。混練りした
モルタルを圧送するポンプは特に限定はなく、ピストン
式ポンプ、スクイズ式ポンプ又はスネイク式ポンプを使
用することができる。また、供給されたドライ混合した
吹付材料を混合機の先端の羽で圧入された水と混練し、
それに連結しているスネイク式ポンプで連続的に圧送す
る連続混練圧送装置で混練り圧送する方法があり、特に
この方法は作業性がよく、小断面トンネルでは作業環境
や作業能率が著しく改善される。As a mixer used for kneading the mortar, a batch kneading mixer such as a Talai mixer, a hover mixer, a twin-screw mixer and an omni mixer can be used. Here, the amount of water used for kneading is not particularly limited, but, for example, a flow value of 180 to 260 m so as to obtain fluidity that can be pumped by a pump.
It is preferable to add water so as to obtain m. The pump for pumping the kneaded mortar is not particularly limited, and a piston type pump, a squeeze type pump or a snake type pump can be used. In addition, the supplied dry-mixed spray material is kneaded with water press-fit with the blade at the tip of the mixer,
There is a method of kneading and pumping with a continuous kneading pumping device that continuously pumps with a snake type pump connected to it, especially this method has good workability, and the working environment and working efficiency are remarkably improved in small section tunnels .
【００２２】[0022]
【実施例】使用材料 セメント ：普通ポルトランドセメント、電気化学工業社製 骨材 ：６号珪砂と７号珪砂等量混合品、最大粒径２．５ｍｍ 粉末減水剤 ：ナフタレンスルホン酸系、市販品 有機繊維 ：ビニロンファイバー６ｍｍ、クラレ社製 カルシウムアルミネート：Ｃ12Ａ7 、非晶質、ブレーン値4200ｃｍ2 ／ｇ 石こう ：II型無水石こう、ブレーン値７１００ｃｍ2 ／ｇ 凝結遅延剤ａ：クエン酸試薬一級 凝結遅延剤ｂ：炭酸カリウム試薬一級 アルカリアルミン酸水溶液（Ｃ液）：Ｋ2 Ｏ／Ａｌ2 Ｏ3 のモル比１．５で調 製した濃度５０重量％のアルミン酸カリウム水溶液 硫酸アルミニウム水溶液（Ｄ液）：市販品１００重量部を水１５０重量部で溶 解[Examples] Materials used : Cement: ordinary Portland cement, manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd. Aggregate: Equivalent mixture of No. 6 silica sand and No. 7 silica sand, maximum particle size 2.5 mm Powder water reducing agent: Naphthalene sulfonic acid, commercially available organic Fiber: Vinylon fiber 6 mm, calcium aluminate manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd .: C 12 A 7 , amorphous, Blaine value 4200 cm 2 / g Gypsum: Type II anhydrous gypsum, Blaine value 7100 cm 2 / g Setting retarder a: Citric acid reagent primary Setting retarder b: Potassium carbonate reagent primary alkali aqueous solution of alkali aluminate (solution C): aqueous solution of potassium aluminate having a concentration of 50% by weight prepared at a molar ratio of K 2 O / Al 2 O 3 of 1.5 aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate (D Liquid): Dissolve 100 parts by weight of a commercial product in 150 parts by weight of water
【００２３】測定方法 凝結試験 ：ＡＳＴＭ Ｃ４０３に準拠して測定 圧縮強度 ：ＪＩＳ Ｒ ５２０１に準じて、２０℃、所定の材令で測定 （Ｎ／ｍｍ2 ） Measurement Method Coagulation test: Measured in accordance with ASTM C403 Compressive strength: Measured at 20 ° C. and a prescribed material age in accordance with JIS R 5201 (N / mm 2 )
【００２４】実施例１ セメント１００重量部に対して、骨材２２０重量部、減
水剤０．５重量部、有機繊維１．５重量部を配合し、セ
メント１００重量部に対して水６０重量部を加え、ＪＩ
Ｓ Ｒ ５２０１に準じてモルタルミキサーで混合りし
てモルタルを調製しＡ液とした。非晶質のＣ12Ａ7 とII
型無水石こうとの等量混合物（真比重２．９）よりなる
ブレーン値５８００ｃｍ2 ／ｇの粉末急結剤と、クエン
酸と炭酸カリウムを重量比で１：３の割合で混合した凝
結遅延剤を混合物１００重量部に対して０．５重量部を
混練りする水に溶解して、水７０重量部でスラリー化し
Ｂ液とした。Ｃ液として、水酸化ナトリウムと水酸化ア
ルミニウムをＮａ2 Ｏ／Ａｌ2 Ｏ3モル比が１．７とな
るように配合し、アルミン酸ナトリウムの５０％水溶液
を調製した。 Example 1 220 parts by weight of aggregate, 0.5 parts by weight of water reducing agent, and 1.5 parts by weight of organic fiber were mixed with 100 parts by weight of cement, and 60 parts by weight of water was mixed with 100 parts by weight of cement. And JI
A mortar was prepared by mixing with a mortar mixer according to SR5201 to obtain a liquid A. Amorphous C 12 A 7 and II
Retarder consisting of an equimolar mixture (an actual specific gravity of 2.9) with a type of anhydrous gypsum and having a Blaine value of 5800 cm 2 / g, and a setting retarder in which citric acid and potassium carbonate are mixed at a weight ratio of 1: 3 Was dissolved in water in which 0.5 part by weight was kneaded with respect to 100 parts by weight of the mixture, and slurried with 70 parts by weight of water to obtain a liquid B. As the liquid C, sodium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide were mixed so that the molar ratio of Na 2 O / Al 2 O 3 was 1.7 to prepare a 50% aqueous solution of sodium aluminate.
【００２５】混練りしたモルタルにモルタル中のセメン
ト１００重量部に対して、表１に示す量のスラリー化し
た急結剤Ｂ液と表１に示す量のアルカリアルミン酸水溶
液Ｃ液を加えて直ちに上記モルタルに添加し、１０秒間
混練りし、素早く型枠（４ｃｍ×４ｃｍ×１６ｃｍ）に
充填してつき固め、２０℃でプロクター貫入抵抗値及び
圧縮強度を測定した。その結果を表１に示した。To the kneaded mortar, 100 parts by weight of cement in the mortar were added a slurry-forming quick-setting agent B solution in the amount shown in Table 1 and an alkali aluminate aqueous solution C solution in the amount shown in Table 1 and immediately added. The mixture was added to the above mortar, kneaded for 10 seconds, quickly filled in a mold (4 cm × 4 cm × 16 cm) and solidified, and measured at 20 ° C. for resistance to penetration by a proctor and compressive strength. The results are shown in Table 1.
【００２６】[0026]
【表１】[Table 1]
【００２７】実施例２及び比較例１ 硫酸アルミニウム１００重量部を１５０重量部の水に溶
解してＤ液を調製した。実施例１におけるＣ液に代え
て、表２に示す量のＤ液を添加した以外は実施例１と同
様にして実験を行い、その結果を表２に示した。比較例
１として、急結剤Ｂ液、Ｃ液及びＤ液を、実施例１と同
様にして単独でＡ液に添加して、実施例１と同様に試験
を行い、その結果を表３に示した。 Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 A solution D was prepared by dissolving 100 parts by weight of aluminum sulfate in 150 parts by weight of water. An experiment was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of the liquid D shown in Table 2 was added instead of the liquid C in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 2. As Comparative Example 1, a quick setting agent solution B, solution C and solution D were separately added to solution A in the same manner as in Example 1, and a test was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 3. Indicated.
【００２８】[0028]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００２９】[0029]
【表３】 [Table 3]
【００３０】実施例３ セメント１００重量部に対して、骨材２２０重量部、粉
末減水剤０．５重量部、繊維１．５重量部をナウターミ
キサーで混合してプレミックスのドライモルタル２００
ｋｇを製造した。このドライモルタルを、ドイツ国、Ｐ
ＦＴ社製Ｇ４連続ミキサーポンプに投入し、フロー値２
００ｍｍになるように水を加えてモルタル（Ａ液）と
し、２．３ｍ3 ／時間の能力で連続混練り圧送した。 EXAMPLE 3 220 parts by weight of aggregate, 0.5 parts by weight of powder water reducing agent, and 1.5 parts by weight of fiber were mixed with 100 parts by weight of cement using a Nauta mixer to prepare a dry mortar 200 of premix.
kg was produced. This dry mortar, Germany, P
Charge into FT G4 continuous mixer pump, flow value 2
Water was added to make the mortar (solution A) so as to be 00 mm, and the mixture was continuously kneaded and pumped at a capacity of 2.3 m 3 / hour.
【００３１】図１に示すように、実施例１と同様のスラ
リー化した粉末急結剤Ｂ液はＢ液供給管２ｂから供給
し、空気圧送管２ａと合流して配管Ｂ内をスクイズ式ポ
ンプで空気圧送した。Ｃ液又はＤ液はＣ液又はＤ液供給
管３ｂから供給し、空気圧送管３ａと合流して配管Ｂ内
をプランジャー式ポンプで吸引圧送した。ポンプ吐出口
から５０ｃｍの位置において、Ｙ字管で３／４Ｂホース
１０ｍを空気搬送した。モルタル（Ａ液）中のセメント
１００重量部に対してＢ液中の粉末急結剤が１０重量部
になるように、Ｃ液又はＤ液が２重量部になるように、
モルタルに添加した。すなわち、空気搬送されたＢ液と
Ｃ液又はＤ液を急結剤合流部４で合流させ、モルタル合
流部５でモルタルを圧送している配管Ａと合流させ、吹
付ノズル１から厚さ２〜４ｃｍ程度になるよう１ｍ2 の
広さに吹付けた。また、４×４×１６ｃｍの三連型枠に
実施例２の方法で吹付け、所定の材令ごとの圧縮強度を
測定した。As shown in FIG. 1, the same powdered quick-setting agent B as in the first embodiment is supplied from a liquid B supply pipe 2b, merges with an air pressure supply pipe 2a, and a squeeze pump Pneumatically pumped. The liquid C or liquid D was supplied from the liquid C or liquid D supply pipe 3b, merged with the air pressure supply pipe 3a, and suctioned and pumped in the pipe B with a plunger pump. At a position 50 cm from the pump discharge port, 10 m of the 3 / 4B hose was pneumatically conveyed by a Y-tube. In order that the powder quick setting agent in the liquid B becomes 10 parts by weight and the liquid C or the liquid D becomes 2 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the cement in the mortar (liquid A),
Added to mortar. That is, the air-conveyed liquid B and liquid C or liquid D are merged at the rapid-consolidating agent merging section 4 and merged with the mortar merging section 5 at the pipe A for feeding mortar. It was sprayed over an area of 1 m 2 so as to be about 4 cm. In addition, a 4 × 4 × 16 cm triple mold was sprayed by the method of Example 2 to measure the compressive strength for each predetermined material age.
【００３２】吹付けの状況は、Ｂ液と、Ｃ液又はＤ液を
併用することにより粉塵の発生も少なく、ダレもなく、
跳ね返りも少なく、吹付け直後の凝結力も高く、急結剤
の全使用量も少なく目的とする諸特性を満足した。圧縮
強度も室内実験とほぼ同様で、Ｂ液とＣ液を使用した場
合には１時間で２．１Ｎ／ｍｍ2 、１日で２２．２Ｎ／
ｍｍ2 、２８日で５１．３Ｎ／ｍｍ2 であり、Ｂ液とＤ
液を使用した場合には１時間で１．６Ｎ／ｍｍ2 、１日
で２０．３Ｎ／ｍｍ2 、２８日で４９．７Ｎ／ｍｍ2 で
あった。The spraying condition is as follows. By using the liquid B and the liquid C or the liquid D together, the generation of dust is small, and there is no dripping.
The rebound was small, the setting power immediately after spraying was high, and the total amount of the quick setting agent used was small, satisfying the desired properties. The compressive strength is almost the same as in the laboratory experiment. When the liquids B and C are used, 2.1 N / mm 2 in one hour and 22.2 N / day in one day.
mm 2 , 51.3 N / mm 2 for 28 days, solution B and D
In the case of the use of the liquid it was 49.7N / mm 2 at 20.3N / mm 2, 28 days 1.6 N / mm 2, 1 day at 1 hour.
【００３３】[0033]
【発明の効果】本発明により、小断面トンネルのような
狭い作業空間においてもリバウンドを低減して作業環境
を改善し、少ない急結剤使用量で吹付け後の強度発現を
高め２〜４ｃｍの薄さでも掘削後の地山や岩盤を安定化
させることができる。更に耐久性も有するため、トンネ
ルの補修にも適用可能となり、連続ミキサーポンプを使
用すれば作業効率を更に高めることができる。According to the present invention, even in a narrow work space such as a small-section tunnel, the rebound is reduced to improve the work environment, and the strength after spraying is increased by using a small amount of a quick-setting binder to increase the strength of 2 to 4 cm. Even if it is thin, the ground and bedrock after excavation can be stabilized. In addition, since it has durability, it can be applied to repair of tunnels, and if a continuous mixer pump is used, the working efficiency can be further improved.
【図１】図１は吹付ノズルに供給される配管構成を示す
説明図である。FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of piping supplied to a spray nozzle.
１ 吹付ノズル ２ａ、３ａ 空気圧送管 ２ｂ Ｂ液供給管 ３ｂ Ｃ液又はＤ液供給管 ４ 急結剤合流部 ５ モルタル合流部 Ａ 配管Ａ Ｂ 配管Ｂ Ｃ 配管Ｃ DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Spray nozzle 2a, 3a Air pressure feed pipe 2b B liquid supply pipe 3b C liquid or D liquid supply pipe 4 Quick binder merging part 5 Mortar merging part A Pipe A B Pipe B C Pipe C
【表１】 [Table 1]
【表１】 [Table 1]
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 鹿野 和博 大阪府大阪市阿倍野区松崎町２丁目２番２ 号 株式会社奥村組内 (72)発明者 寺島 勲 新潟県西頸城郡青海町大字青海2209番地 電気化学工業株式会社青海工場内 (72)発明者 平野 健吉 新潟県西頸城郡青海町大字青海2209番地 電気化学工業株式会社青海工場内 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Kazuhiro Kano 2-2-2 Matsuzaki-cho, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka Prefecture, Japan Okumura Gumi Co., Ltd. Inside the Aomi Plant of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Kenkichi Hirano 2209 Aomi, Aomi-cho, Nishikubiki-gun, Niigata Pref.
Claims (5)
た後に圧送し、モルタルの圧送管において、空気圧送さ
れた液体急結剤と空気圧送されたスラリー化した粉末急
結剤とを合流させながら吹付けることを特徴とする薄吹
付工法。1. A mortar component excluding a quick-setting agent is premixed and then fed under pressure, and in a mortar feeding tube, the pneumatically fed liquid quick-setting agent and the pneumatically fed slurry quick-setting agent are combined. Thin spraying method characterized by spraying while blowing.
添加されていることを特徴とする請求項１記載の薄吹付
工法。2. The thin spraying method according to claim 1, wherein a delaying agent is added to the powdered quick setting agent made into a slurry.
を含有する急結剤であることを特徴とする請求項１又は
２記載の薄吹付工法。3. The thin spraying method according to claim 1, wherein the powder quick setting agent is a quick setting agent containing calcium aluminate.
液であることを特徴とする請求項１ないし３のいずれか
に記載する薄吹付工法。4. The thin spraying method according to claim 1, wherein the liquid quick setting agent is an aqueous alkali aluminate solution.
あることを特徴とする請求項１ないし３のいずれかに記
載する薄吹付工法。5. The thin spraying method according to claim 1, wherein the liquid quick setting agent is an aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15191098A JP3809891B2 (en) | 1998-05-18 | 1998-05-18 | Thin spray method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15191098A JP3809891B2 (en) | 1998-05-18 | 1998-05-18 | Thin spray method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH11324587A true JPH11324587A (en) | 1999-11-26 |
| JP3809891B2 JP3809891B2 (en) | 2006-08-16 |
Family
ID=15528877
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15191098A Expired - Lifetime JP3809891B2 (en) | 1998-05-18 | 1998-05-18 | Thin spray method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3809891B2 (en) |
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