JPH11314295A - Laminate, and sound absorbing-insulating material and damping material using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a laminate enabling attainment of sufficient effects of sound absorption and insulation and damping not only in a high-frequency region, but also in a low-frequency region, and a sound absorbing-insulating material and a damping material using the same. SOLUTION: A porous material is formed so that a reciprocal 1/K of a spring constant K determined from a compression load at the time of 50% compression is 0.02-1.0 cm/kg and that air permeability is 1-60 cc/cm<2> sec. A nonporous material is formed by kneading and partially cross-linking crystalline polybutene-1 and/or a copolymer of butene-1 and α olefin other than the butene-1 of 10-40 wt.%, butyl rubber of 60-90 wt.% and polyisobutylene of 0-30 wt.%. A laminate is formed by laminating the porous material and the nonporous material.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a laminate formed by laminating a porous material and a non-porous material, and a sound absorbing and insulating material and a vibration damping material using the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, noise and vibration from automobiles, home appliances, industrial machines and the like have been regarded as important environmental and health problems, and much attention has been paid to sound and vibration insulation in a wide range of fields. ing. Therefore, materials and technologies having a function of reducing noise and vibration have been developed and put to practical use. Generally, airborne sound is called noise, and a material corresponding to the noise includes a sound absorbing material and a sound insulating material.
The solid-borne sound is called vibration, and materials corresponding to the vibration include a vibration damping material and a vibration insulating material.

A sound absorbing material is a material that converts a part of acoustic energy of noise into heat energy and attenuates acoustic energy. Examples of the sound absorbing material include a fiber aggregate formed by entanglement of fibers such as natural fibers, synthetic fibers, rock wool, and glass wool, and a foamed polyurethane resin having open cells. These are porous materials having a myriad of small holes and gaps and having appropriate air permeability.
When sound waves are incident on such a material, air in the holes and gaps of the material is vibrated. Since the holes and gaps are small, the sound waves are subjected to viscous resistance, and a part of the acoustic energy is converted to heat energy and dissipated.

[0004] A sound insulating material is a material that attenuates energy due to internal friction when a sound wave passes through the inside of a material. The larger the mass is, the more effective it is from the viewpoint of deformation resistance. Therefore, lead, lead composites and concrete are commonly used.

[0005] The vibration damping material mainly dissipates vibration energy as heat energy by utilizing the dynamic viscoelastic behavior of a polymer material. The vibration insulating material absorbs vibration energy by deformation of the elastic body, and for example, rubber, spring, or the like is generally used.

The most effective method of reducing noise and vibration is to cut off sound sources and vibration sources, but it is impossible to cut them off completely. Therefore, a method of attaching the above-described material to a sound source or a vibration source, and a method of adding the above-described material to a wall or a partition of a building are generally used.

[0007]

However, if the effect of reducing noise and vibration is to be enhanced by the above-mentioned method, the thickness and weight of the material to be used are increased, and the original function of the target machine or the like is increased. Problems such as damage to the device and difficulty in maintenance.

On the other hand, due to the problem of the global environment, there is an increasing trend to reduce the weight of machines such as automobiles and industrial machines. However, weight reduction generally increases noise and vibration in many cases, and it is difficult to achieve weight reduction without increasing noise and vibration. Therefore, there is a strong demand for the development of materials and technologies that can reduce noise and vibration while suppressing an increase in weight.

In general, the above-mentioned materials have a characteristic that the higher the frequency of the sound wave or vibration wave, the higher the sound absorbing and insulating effect and the vibration damping effect. Therefore, a high effect is obtained for a sound wave or a vibration wave in a high frequency region (short wavelength), but a sufficient effect is not obtained for a sound wave or a vibration wave in a low frequency region (long wavelength). There's a problem. This is explained by the loss factor η. In the above-mentioned materials, the loss coefficient η can be expressed by the following equation 1, where f is the excitation frequency, K is the spring constant, and C is the viscous damping coefficient. here,
The spring constant K has the same physical meaning as a spring constant measured by a method described later.

[0010]

(Equation 1)

As is apparent from Equation 1, the loss coefficient η depends on the excitation frequency f. That is, it can be said that the lower the frequency of the sound wave or the vibration wave, the lower the energy attenuation rate.

As described above, in the sound absorbing material,
The incident sound waves vibrate the air in the pores and gaps of the porous material and receive viscous resistance, so that a part of the acoustic energy is converted into thermal energy. However, when the wavelength of the incident sound wave is long, the vibration speed is reduced, and as a result, the conversion rate of acoustic energy to heat energy is reduced, and the sound absorption rate is deteriorated.

As described above, the conventional materials have restrictions and conditions. An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems and provide a laminate capable of obtaining a sufficient sound absorbing and insulating effect and a vibration damping effect not only in a high frequency region but also in a low frequency region, and a sound absorbing and insulating material and a vibration damping material using the same. Is to do.

[0014]

Means for Solving the Problems The inventors of the present invention have focused on the fact that a material formed of a thermoplastic partially crosslinked elastomer exhibits a good damping ability in a low frequency range, and has developed a laminate of the present invention. It was completed. That is, in the present invention, by laminating the porous material and the non-porous material formed of the thermoplastic partially crosslinked elastomer, in addition to the high frequency region, the excellent sound absorbing and insulating effect and the vibration damping effect also in the low frequency region. The effect has been obtained.

Further, the inventors of the present invention have focused on the fact that the main cause of vibration damping in a porous material is the viscous resistance of the material, and have attempted to improve the vibration damping ability of a porous material in a low frequency region. Has reached. This will be specifically described below.

For example, attenuating acoustic energy corresponds to reducing the amplitude of acoustic vibration. Generally, vibration damping is performed by analyzing the equation of motion in a mass-spring-dashpot system. When the frequency is f, the natural frequency is fn, the viscous damping coefficient is C, and the critical viscous damping coefficient is Cc, and the terms relating to the amplitude X are arranged, the following equation 2 is obtained.

[0017]

(Equation 2)

The critical viscosity damping coefficient Cc is a viscosity damping coefficient at which a creep phenomenon starts to occur. Therefore, assuming an elastic range, the ratio (C / Cc) between the viscous damping coefficient C and the critical viscous damping coefficient Cc is in the range of 0 to 1. FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the normalized frequency (f / fn) and the amplitude X.

As is clear from FIG. 1, increasing C / Cc leads to decreasing amplitude X for the same frequency. That is, increasing the viscous damping coefficient C and / or decreasing the critical viscous damping coefficient Cc leads to an increase in vibration damping ability. Here, assuming that the excitation mass is m and the spring constant of the porous material is K, the critical viscosity damping coefficient Cc is expressed by the following equation (3).

[0020]

(Equation 3)

From the above equation (3), it can be seen that in order to reduce the critical viscosity damping coefficient Cc, the spring constant K of the porous material should be reduced.

On the other hand, the viscous resistance that determines the viscous damping coefficient C is determined by the internal frictional force of the molecules and structures constituting the porous material, and the airflow resistance when sound waves and vibration waves pass through the porous material. Is considered to be the sum of Among them, the airflow resistance depends on the air permeability of the sound absorbing and insulating material. Therefore, the setting of the viscous damping coefficient C is determined from the viewpoint of porous material production.
It is generally and practically performed by controlling the air permeability.

As described above, if the critical viscosity damping coefficient Cc is reduced by reducing the spring constant, and the viscous damping coefficient C is increased by increasing the flow resistance (reducing the air permeability), It can be seen that effective vibration damping ability can be imparted to the porous material.

However, generally, in a porous material, reducing the spring constant and reducing the air permeability have a trade-off relationship. Therefore, the inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies and have come to find a specific range of a spring constant and a gas permeability that can provide an effective vibration damping ability to a porous material. Furthermore, the inventors of the present invention can easily set the spring constant and the air permeability within a specific range by using a porous material having a multilayer structure, and cannot provide vibrations that cannot be obtained with a single-layer porous material. It has also been found that damping ability can be obtained.

In a porous material having a multilayer structure, if the spring constant of the porous material for each layer is Ki (i = 1 to n, n ≧ 2), the spring constant K of the porous material is expressed by the following equation (4). You. Note that n indicates the number of layers.

[0026]

(Equation 4)

As is apparent from Equation 4, the spring constant K of the synthesized porous material is smaller than that having the smallest value among K1 to Kn. In this case, the air permeability of the entire porous material is smaller than the air permeability of each layer. Such a multilayer structure of the porous material is advantageous in terms of vibration damping, because the air permeability can be reduced while the spring constant is reduced. That is, a multilayer structure having different spring constants in each layer is an effective means for realizing a high-performance porous material.

That is, the laminate of the present invention has the following features. (1) A laminate of a porous material and a non-porous material,
For the porous material, the reciprocal 1 / K of the spring constant K determined from the compression load when compressed by 50% is 0.02 cm / kg to 1.
0 cm / kg and air permeability is 1 cc / cm ² sec ~
60 cc / cm ² sec, and the non-porous material is crystalline polybutene-1 and / or butene-1
10 to 40% by weight of a copolymer of α-olefin other than butene-1 and 60% to 90% by weight of butyl rubber
And 0% to 30% by weight of polyisobutylene, and partially crosslinked.

(2) The laminate according to the above (1), wherein the porous material is made of polyester hard cotton.

(3) The porous material is composed of a plurality of layers, and the spring constant determined for each layer is represented by Ki (i = 1 to 1).
、 (1 / Ki) is 0.02 when n, n ≧ 2)
The laminate according to the above (1), wherein the thickness is from cm / kg to 1.0 cm / kg.

(4) The laminate according to the above (3), wherein the porous material is composed of a layer formed of polyester hard cotton and a layer formed of foamed polyurethane.

(5) The non-porous material has a portion in which butyl rubber is dispersed in a continuous phase of crystalline polybutene-1 and / or a copolymer of butene-1 and an α-olefin other than butene-1. The laminate according to the above (1), which is a plastic elastomer composition.

(6) The laminate according to the above (1), wherein the α-olefin other than butene-1 is polypropylene.

The sound absorbing and insulating material of the present invention has the following features. (7) A sound absorbing and insulating material formed of the laminate according to any one of the above (1) to (6).

Further, the vibration damping material of the present invention has the following features. (8) A vibration damping material formed of the laminate according to any one of (1) to (6).

[0036]

Since the laminate of the present invention has the above-mentioned characteristics, the vibration damping ability is improved in a wide range from low frequency to high frequency as compared with the conventional one. If the laminate of the present invention is used as a sound absorbing and insulating material or a vibration damping material, a sufficient sound absorbing and insulating effect and a sufficient vibration damping effect can be obtained even in a low frequency region.

When the porous material constituting the laminate of the present invention has a multilayer structure, the spring constant and the air permeability of the porous material can be easily set. Further, in this case, the porous material can obtain a vibration damping ability that cannot be obtained by a single-layer structure, and the vibration damping ability of the laminate can be further improved.

[0038]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention will be specifically described below. The laminate of the present invention only needs to be formed by laminating a porous material and a non-porous material. At least one layer formed of a porous material and at least one layer formed of a non-porous material may be used. What is necessary is just to have it each. The number of layers and the stacking order are not particularly limited. The lamination direction is also not particularly limited, and the incident direction of the sound wave or the vibration wave is
The direction may be any angle.

The layer formed of a porous material may be a single layer formed of a single material or a multilayer formed by laminating two or more materials having different spring constants and air permeability. There may be. In the latter case, for example, the porous material A and the porous material B may be used to be laminated with AB or ABA. Note that, as described above, the layer formed of the porous material is preferably a multilayer from the viewpoint that the spring constant and the air permeability can be easily set and the vibration damping ability can be increased. Also in this case, the direction of lamination is
The direction may be any angle, and is not particularly limited.

Also, the layer formed of a non-porous material may be a single layer formed of a single material, like the layer formed of a porous material, It may be a multilayer formed by laminating two or more different materials.

Examples of the porous material used in the present invention include synthetic fibers such as natural fibers and polyester fibers, fiber aggregates formed from rock wool and glass wool, and materials such as foamed polyurethane resin having open cells. However, there is no particular limitation. However, from the viewpoint that it is easy to realize a spring having a small permanent distortion, polyester hard cotton obtained by felting polyester short fibers and polyurethane foam resin are preferable materials. When the layer formed of the porous material has a multilayer structure, it is preferable to use the above-mentioned polyester hard cotton and polyurethane foam resin.

The spring constant K of the porous material is represented by its reciprocal 1 /
K is preferably 0.04 cm / kg to 0.40 cm / k so that K is 0.02 cm / kg to 1.0 cm / kg.
Set to g. By setting the reciprocal 1 / K of the spring constant K within such a range, the vibration damping ability of the porous material in a low frequency region can be increased.

The spring constant K in the present invention is a value obtained from a compressive load when the porous material is compressed by 50%, and can be obtained by the following procedure according to JIS K6401-1980. First, a porous material having an arbitrary thickness H is punched in a size of 225 mm × 225 mm,
Use as a sample for measurement. Next, using Tensilon (for example, manufactured by Orientec Co., Ltd.), this sample for measurement was set on a sample table, and a load was applied through a disk-shaped plate having a diameter of 150 mm. (When the thickness becomes of the initial thickness), the compression load M [Kg] is measured. A value obtained by dividing the compression load M by １ ／ (0.5 H) of the thickness H (M / 0.5 H) [kg / cm] is the spring constant K in the present invention.

When the layer formed of the porous material is a multilayer, the compression load is measured for each porous material forming each layer according to the above procedure, and the spring constant K for each layer is measured.
i may be obtained, and these may be applied to the above-described Equation 4.

The air permeability of the porous material is 1 cc / cm ² s
ec to 60 cc / cm ² sec. By setting the air permeability within such a range, it is possible to increase the airflow resistance when sound waves and vibration waves pass through the porous material, and to further reduce the conversion efficiency from acoustic energy to heat energy resulting from this. Can be enhanced. In addition, it is possible to improve the vibration damping ability particularly in the middle to high frequency range.

The air permeability referred to in the present invention is JIS L100
4, Measured according to L1018, L1046. Specifically, a disk-shaped porous material having a thickness of 10 mm or 20 mm and a diameter of 60 mm is used as a sample, and the sample is measured by, for example, an air permeability measuring device manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisaku-sho, Ltd.

The values of the spring constant and the air permeability of the porous material are as follows:
For example, when the porous material is a fiber aggregate, the fiber diameter (denier), the basis weight, the blending ratio of the low-melting fiber, the cross-sectional shape of the fiber, the type of fiber such as solid, hollow, and bicon,
It can be controlled by setting the heat set temperature as a parameter and appropriately setting these parameters. Specifically, the spring constant can be reduced by reducing the fiber diameter, the basis weight, and the blending ratio of the low melting point fibers. The air permeability can be reduced by reducing the fiber diameter and increasing the blending ratio of the basis weight and the low melting point fiber. Further, the spring constant and the value of the air permeability can also be controlled by forming the porous material into a multilayer structure as described above.

The non-porous material of the present invention comprises a resin component comprising crystalline polybutene-1 and / or a copolymer of butene-1 and an α-olefin other than butene-1, a rubber component such as butyl rubber, and polyisobutylene. It is formed by kneading and partially kneading the kneaded product with an organic peroxide. Since non-porous materials are polyolefin-based,
It has excellent durability, and can be reused or recycled for the same application or another application by re-forming after use.

In the present invention, the non-porous material is a thermoplastic elastomer. Preferably, the resin component has a phase structure in which butyl rubber is dispersed in a continuous phase, and the inverted phase structure is formed by kneading the components constituting the non-porous material of the present invention to cause phase inversion. Partial crosslinking is performed to such an extent that the resulting non-porous material exhibits thermoplasticity and can be melt-molded.

Α other than butene-1 in the resin component
Examples of the olefin include ethylene, propylene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene and the like, and ethylene and propylene are preferred. In particular, when propylene is used, the rebound resilience of the non-porous material is smaller than that of other α-olefins, and the vibration damping ability of the non-porous material can be further improved.

The compounding amount of the above resin component, that is, the compounding amount of crystalline polybutene-1, the butene-1 and α other than butene-1
The amount of the copolymer with the olefin or the amount of the mixture of the crystalline polybutene-1 and the copolymer is 10% by weight to 40% by weight, preferably 15% by weight to 35% by weight. By adjusting the blending amount within such a range, the hardness of the non-porous material can be adjusted over a wide range, and the strength can be maintained in a practical range.

However, if the amount is less than 10% by weight,
Phase inversion due to kneading is unlikely to occur, and the resulting matrix of the non-porous material remains rubber. Therefore, the above-mentioned thermoplastic elastomer composition cannot be obtained, which is not preferable for molding.

The melt flow rate of the resin component is as follows:
0.3 gr / 10 min to 60 gr / 10 min, especially 1 gr
/ 10 minutes to 40 gr / 10 minutes is preferred. 0.3 gr /
If the time is less than 10 minutes, the phase inversion hardly occurs, and the above-mentioned thermoplastic elastomer composition cannot be obtained, which is not preferable. Further, in this case, the fluidity during melt molding deteriorates, and it is difficult to obtain a uniform molded product, which is not preferable. 60 gr
If the time exceeds / 10 minutes, the strength characteristics of the non-porous material become insufficient, which is not preferable.

The butyl rubber is an isobutylene / isoprene copolymer rubber having an isoprene content of 0.3 to
Those having 3.0 mol% are preferred. When the butyl rubber is mixed with the above resin component, it may be in an uncrosslinked state or a partially crosslinked state, but is preferably in a partially crosslinked state. In this case, in the crosslinking step of kneading the butyl rubber with the above resin component and adding an organic peroxide,
Reduction in physical properties due to molecular cleavage is reduced. The compounding amount of butyl rubber is 60% by weight to 90% by weight, preferably 65% by weight.
~ 85% by weight. If it exceeds 90% by weight, the above-mentioned phase inversion hardly occurs, and the above-mentioned thermoplastic elastomer cannot be obtained, which is not preferable. If the content is less than 60% by weight, the non-porous material becomes hard, and the vibration damping ability decreases, which is not preferable.

Polyisobutylene is optionally added to the above resin component and butyl rubber. Since polyisobutylene has the same molecular structure as one component of butyl rubber, it is most suitable for adjusting the viscosity of partially crosslinked butyl rubber. Polyisobutylene has a molecular weight of 15,000 to 3,000
00, particularly preferably 90,000 to 250,000. The compounding amount is 0% by weight to 30% by weight based on the total amount of the resin component, the rubber component and the polyisobutylene.
Preferably, it is 0% by weight to 10% by weight. The blending amount is 30
If the content is more than 10% by weight, the viscosity becomes too low to be practical.

The partial cross-linking of the non-porous material can be performed by applying an organic peroxide during kneading the components constituting the non-porous material of the present invention. As the organic peroxide to be used, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (t-
Butylperoxy) hexane, 2,5-dimethyl-2,
5-di (t-butylperoxy) hexine-3,1,3
-Bis (t-butylperoxyisopropyl) benzene, 1,1-di (t-butylperoxy) 3,5,5-
Trimethylcyclohexane, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5
-Di (peroxybenzoyl) hexin-3, dicumyl peroxide and the like. Of these, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (t-butylperoxy) hexane is
It is preferable because of low odor.

The compounding amount of the above-mentioned organic peroxide is as follows:
0.01 parts by weight to 2.0 parts by weight, particularly preferably 0.05 parts by weight to 1.0 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total of the rubber component and polyisobutylene. By performing the partial crosslinking, the non-porous material can have appropriate heat resistance and moldability. When the partial crosslinking is insufficient, that is, when the amount of the organic peroxide is less than 0.01 part by weight, the non-porous material becomes too soft and easily flows when heat is applied. It is not preferable because the heat resistance of the whole product becomes poor. If partial crosslinking is excessive, that is, if the compounding amount of the organic peroxide exceeds 2.0 parts by weight, the organic peroxide decomposes butyl rubber and lowers the strength, which is not preferable.

In the crosslinking step, it is preferable to use a polyfunctional compound together with the above organic peroxide. The multifunctional compound enables a uniform and gentle cross-linking reaction,
It is also possible to improve the mechanical properties of the non-porous material. Examples of the polyfunctional compound include N, N'-m-phenylenebismaleimide, toluylenebismaleimide, P-quinonedioxime, nitrobenzene, diphenylguanidine, trimethylolpropane, divinylbenzene, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate. , Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, allyl methacrylate and the like.

The compounding amount of the polyfunctional compound is 0.01 part by weight to 4.0 parts by weight, especially 0.0 part by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total of the resin component, butyl rubber and polyisobutylene.
5 parts by weight to 2.0 parts by weight is preferred. If the amount of the polyfunctional compound is small, that is, if the compounding amount is less than 0.01 part by weight, uniform crosslinking is difficult, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if the amount of the polyfunctional compound is too large, that is, if the compounding amount exceeds 4.0 parts by weight, the cost increases because the polyfunctional compound is expensive.

As a device for kneading the above-mentioned resin component containing crystalline polybutene-1, butyl rubber, polyisobutylene, an organic peroxide and a crosslinking assistant at the above-mentioned specific ratio, a Banbury mixer, a pressure kneader and a secondary kneader may be used. Known kneading devices such as a screw extruder can be used. Kneading temperature is 14
The temperature is preferably from 0 ° C to 260 ° C, and the kneading time is preferably from 1 minute to 30 minutes. In addition, auxiliary materials such as an inorganic filler, an antioxidant, a weathering agent, an antistatic agent, and a coloring agent may be added to the above-mentioned compounding materials as necessary.

The obtained non-porous material can be formed into an arbitrary shape (for example, a sheet) by a molding method such as extrusion molding, calender molding and injection molding used for ordinary thermoplastic resins. . The obtained molded article was prepared using crystalline polybutene-1, a copolymer of butene-1 and an α-olefin other than butene-1, or a mixture of crystalline polybutene-1 and the copolymer as a resin component. Therefore, it has low hardness and low rebound resilience, and has excellent vibration damping ability in a low frequency range.

The laminate of the present invention can be used as a sound absorbing and insulating material or a vibration damping material.
Various mechanical elements and structures, such as OA equipment, construction / civil engineering machines, and industrial machines, may be mentioned.

[0063]

EXAMPLES [Preparation of non-porous material] First, a non-porous material used in Examples and Comparative Examples is prepared. The components shown in Table 1 were prepared as a resin component, a rubber component, polyisobutylene, an organic peroxide and a crosslinking aid.

[0064]

[Table 1]

A resin component, a rubber component, polyisobutylene, an organic peroxide, and a crosslinking aid shown in Table 1 were blended in a blending ratio shown in Table 2, and kneaded to prepare a nonporous material (nonporous sample). 1-5). In Table 2, the copolymer of butene-1 and propylene is shown as “B1 · P copolymer”, and the copolymer of butene-1 and ethylene is shown as “B1 · E copolymer”. .

[0066]

[Table 2]

Specifically, a Brabender type kneader (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd.) was used as the kneader, the temperature was set to 180 ° C., and the rubber component and polyisobutylene were charged and kneaded for 2 minutes. Next, the resin component is charged and kneaded for 3 minutes. After the rubber component and the resin component are uniformly mixed,
The organic peroxide and the crosslinking assistant were charged and kneaded. After the torque showed the maximum value, kneading was further performed for 2 minutes. Thereafter, using a press at a temperature of 180 ° C., the composition obtained by the above kneading was hot-pressed to form a sheet having a thickness of 2 mm, and nonporous samples 1 to 5 were obtained.

Next, the non-porous samples 1 to 5 prepared above
Was used to actually form a laminate of the present invention, and its evaluation was performed.

Example 1 Polyethylene terephthalate (hereinafter referred to as PET)
1.0 d (denier) x 51 mm (fiber length) of hollow cross-section short fibers and 4 d x 51 mm low melting point short fibers of PET are also mixed at a weight ratio of 70%: 30%, and slivered with a card machine. Then, by thermocompression bonding at 175 ° C., hard cotton having a thickness of 20 mm and a basis weight of 730 g / m ² was obtained.
This is designated as porous sample 1. Then, PET 15d ×
64mm hollow section short fiber and PET 5d x 5
A 1 mm low melting point short fiber is mixed at a weight ratio of 70%: 30%, treated in the same manner, and has a thickness of 10 mm and a basis weight of 410 g.
/ M ² of hard cotton was obtained. This is designated as porous sample 2.

When the spring constants of the porous samples 1 and 2 were measured by the method described above, they were 21 kg / cm and 80 k, respectively.
g / cm. Therefore, when these are applied to Equation 4, Σ (1 / Ki) when the samples 1 and 2 are stacked is 0.0601 cm / kg. Next, the porous sample 1 and the porous sample 2 were laminated, and the air permeability was measured by the method described above, and it was 35 cc / cm ² sec. The non-porous sample 1 was laminated on this porous material laminate to complete the laminate of the present invention.

With respect to the laminate material of the present invention obtained as described above, acoustic characteristics, that is, vibration damping and sound absorbing performance are measured. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a measuring device for measuring vibration damping and sound absorbing performance. The apparatus shown in FIG. 2 includes a vibrator 3, a vibration frame 4, a vibration panel 5, an acceleration pickup (1, 2), an FFT (Fast Foam).
urier Transform) 6, a vibration analysis device (not shown), and a data processing device (not shown). The acceleration pickups (1, 2) are respectively provided with amplifiers (7a,
7b) is connected to FFT6. A filter 8, an amplifier 9, and a noise generator 10 are connected to the vibrator 3 in this order. The acceleration pickup 2 includes a vibration panel 5
It is fixed to the laminate 11 obtained above. The acceleration pickup 1 is fixed to a vibration frame 4.

Next, the vibrator 3 is vibrated, and the signal X1 of the acceleration pickup 1 and the signal X1 of the acceleration pickup 2 are
And 2. The signal ratio is determined from the measured signal X1 and signal X2, and the vibration damping and sound absorbing performance of the laminate 11 is evaluated. Specifically, evaluation is performed by obtaining a vibration magnification [dB] from the signal X1 and the signal X2. The vibration magnification is obtained from the following equation (5). When the vibration magnification is small, that is, when the negative absolute value is large, the vibration damping and sound absorbing performance is good. Table 3 shows the results.

[0073]

(Equation 5)

Example 2 A porous sample 3 was made of a foamed polyurethane resin having a thickness of 20 mm and a basis weight of 1050 g / m ² . When the spring constant of the porous sample 3 was measured by the method described above, it was 12 kg / cm.
Met. Next, the porous sample 3 and the porous sample 2 obtained in Example 1 are laminated. Since the spring constant of the porous sample 2 is 80 kg / cm, the value of Σ (1 / Ki) when the porous sample 2 and the porous sample 3 are laminated is 0.0958 cm / kg from Equation 4 . The air permeability of the laminate of the porous material was measured by the method described above.
It was 5 cc / cm ² sec. The non-porous sample 2 was laminated on this porous material laminate to complete the laminate of the present invention. Next, the vibration magnification was measured in the same manner as in Example 1,
Table 3 shows the results.

Example 3 5 d × 44 mm hollow section yarn of PET and 4 d × 44 mm
A low-melting fiber of 51 mm was treated at the same weight ratio as in Example 1.
Processing, thickness 10mm, basis weight 600g / m^TwoGet hard cotton
Was. This is designated as porous sample 4. Spring setting of porous sample 4
The number was 60 kg / cm. Next, PET2.5d ×
38mm and 4d × 51mm low melting point fiber
Treated at the same weight ratio as in Example 1, thickness 15 mm, basis weight 12
00g / m ^TwoOf hard cotton was obtained. This is designated as porous sample 5.
You. The spring constant of the porous sample 5 was 100 kg / cm.
Was. The porous sample 4 and the porous sample 5 are laminated to form a multilayer structure.
Structure. From Equation 4, the reciprocal 1 / of the spring constant of this laminate is obtained.
K becomes 0.0267 cm / kg. Also, those mentioned above
When the air permeability of this laminate was measured by the method, 55 cc /
cm^Twosec. Non-multiple
The porous sample 3 was laminated to complete the laminate of the present invention. Next
Then, the vibration magnification was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results were obtained.
The results are shown in Table 3.

Example 4 A 15 d × 64 mm hollow hollow short fiber made of PET and a 4 d × 51 mm low melting point short fiber made of PET were also used in a weight ratio of 80.
%: Mixed at 20%, treated in the same manner as in Example 1,
Hard cotton having a thickness of 10 mm and a basis weight of 100 g / m ² was obtained. This is designated as porous sample 6. When the spring constant of the porous sample 6 was measured by the method described above, it was 3 kg / cm. Next, PET 2d × 38 mm hollow cross-section short fibers and PET 4d × 51 mm low melting point short fibers were mixed at a weight ratio of 70%: 30%, and treated in the same manner as in Example 1. A hard cotton having a thickness of 10 mm and a basis weight of 555 g / m ² was obtained. This is designated as porous sample 7. The spring constant of the porous sample 7 was 20 kg / cm. Then, PET 2d
× 38mm hollow cross-section short fiber and PET 4d ×
A low-melting short fiber of 51 mm was mixed at a weight ratio of 70%: 30%, and treated in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a 10 mm thick fiber.
A hard cotton having a basis weight of 860 g / m ² was obtained. This is the porous sample 8
And The spring constant of the porous sample 8 was 65 kg / cm. The porous samples 6, 7, 8 thus obtained are laminated to form a multilayer structure. From equation 4, Σ (1 / K
i) was 0.399 cm / kg. When the air permeability of the laminate made of the porous material was measured by the method described above, it was 30 cc / cm ² sec. The laminate of the porous sample and the non-porous sample 4 were laminated to complete the laminate of the present invention. Next, the vibration magnification was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 3.

Example 5 The porous sample 1 obtained in Example 1 and the non-porous sample 5 were laminated to complete a laminate of the present invention. Incidentally, the air permeability of the porous sample 1 was measured by the method described above, and was found to be 35%.
cc / cm ² sec. Next, the vibration magnification was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 3.

Comparative Example PET 3d × 51 mm hollow section short fiber, also PE
A 5 d × 51 mm hollow cross-section short fiber of T and a weight ratio of 70
%, And the same treatment as in Example 1 was performed to obtain a hard cotton having a thickness of 25 mm and a basis weight of 1000 g / m ² . This is used as a comparative porous sample. When the spring constant of this comparative porous sample was measured, it was 85 k.
g / cm. Therefore, the reciprocal of the spring constant is 0.01
It becomes 2 cm / kg. Also, when the air permeability was measured,
It was 63 cc / cm ² sec.

Next, 80% by weight of chlorinated polyethylene (H-135, manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd.) and 20% by weight of bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate as a plasticizer were added to a tabletop kneader (manufactured by Irie Trading Co., Ltd.). ) At 110 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a thermoplastic resin. This thermoplastic resin was formed into a sheet having a thickness of 2 mm by a heat press machine to obtain a nonporous sample for comparison.

The comparative porous sample and the non-porous comparative sample obtained above were laminated, and this laminated body was used in Example 1.
The vibration magnification was measured in the same manner as described above, and the results are shown in Table 3.

[0081]

[Table 3]

[Evaluation] From Table 3, the laminate of the present invention shown in Examples 1 to 5 has a smaller vibration magnification in the low frequency region than the conventional material shown in Comparative Example.
It shows excellent vibration damping and sound absorbing effects. From this, it is considered that in the laminate of the present invention, the vibration damping ability in the low frequency region is enhanced.

[0083]

As is clear from the above description, in the laminate of the present invention, the sound absorbing and insulating effect and the vibration damping effect are improved in a wide band from a low frequency region to a high frequency region. Further, compared with the conventional sound absorbing and insulating material and the vibration damping material, a sufficient sound absorbing and insulating effect and a vibration damping effect can be obtained even in a low frequency region.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a relationship between a normalized frequency (f / fn) and an amplitude X.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a measuring device for measuring vibration damping and sound absorbing performance.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Atsushi Kamino 255 Kannonji-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie Pref.

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A porous material is formed by laminating a porous material and a non-porous material. The porous material has a reciprocal 1 / K of a spring constant K obtained from a compressive load at 50% compression of 0.02 cm / kg. ~ 1.
0 cm / kg and air permeability is 1 cc / cm ² sec ~
60 cc / cm ² sec, and the non-porous material includes crystalline polybutene-1 and / or 10 wt% to 40 wt% of a copolymer of butene-1 and an α-olefin other than butene-1; Butyl rubber 60% by weight or more
90% by weight and 0% to 30% by weight of polyisobutylene
And a partially crosslinked laminate comprising: 2. The laminate according to claim 1, wherein said porous material is made of polyester hard cotton. 3. The porous material is composed of a plurality of layers, and a spring constant determined for each layer is represented by Ki (i = 1 to n, n
≧ 2), Σ (1 / Ki) is 0.02 cm /
The laminated body according to claim 1, wherein the weight is from 1.0 kg / 1.0 cm / kg. 4. The laminate according to claim 3, wherein the porous material is composed of a layer formed of polyester hard cotton and a layer formed of foamed polyurethane. 5. The thermoplastic material wherein the non-porous material has a portion in which butyl rubber is dispersed in a continuous phase of crystalline polybutene-1 and / or a copolymer of butene-1 and an α-olefin other than butene-1. The laminate according to claim 1, which is an elastomer composition. 6. The laminate according to claim 1, wherein the α-olefin other than butene-1 is polypropylene. 7. A sound absorbing and insulating material formed of the laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 6. 8. A vibration damping material formed of the laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 6.