JPH11306648A - Information record medium with copy protecting function, unauthorized copy detecting device, and unauthorized copy detecting method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To impart a copy protecting function on an information record medium by providing trap areas which generate confusion in a copy device which is ready to copy whole information including prescribed information. SOLUTION: A first trap area T1 is formed by a track forming an endless locus. When a device is ready to reproduce this first trap area T1, data on the same track become to be repeatedly reproduced. That is, since it is made possible to obstruct the normal operation of the device which is ready to reproduce the first trap area T1, the area promotes the runaway of the device. Moreover, a second trap area T2 is formed by a concentric circle shaped track. When a device is ready to reproduce the second trap area T2, data on the same track become to be repeatedly reproduced and similarly it is possible to obstruct the normal operation of the device which is ready to reproduce the second trap area T2.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an information recording medium such as an optical disk, and more particularly, to an information recording medium having a copy protection function having a function of protecting a disk copy for copying all information recorded on the information recording medium. About.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, various types of optical disks, for example, DVD-RAMs and DVDs characterized by high-density recording
-Proposals regarding ROM and the like are actively made. Information is digitally recorded on such an optical disk. For this reason, technology for preventing unauthorized copying is indispensable.

A well-known method for preventing unauthorized copying is to encrypt information recorded on an optical disk. That is, on the optical disk, encryption information encrypted with a specific encryption key is recorded. Naturally, the encrypted information is reproduced from the optical disk on which the encrypted information is recorded. At this time, if there is no decryption key for decrypting the encrypted information, the encrypted information reproduced from the optical disk cannot be decrypted. That is, an unauthorized user who does not have a decryption key cannot decrypt and use the encrypted information recorded on the optical disc.

[0004]

However, the above-mentioned measure for preventing unauthorized copying is intended only to prevent the information recorded on the optical disk from being decrypted and used. It is not to prevent the copying of the information that has been performed. For example, all information recorded on an optical disc is copied by RF copy (disc copy), which copies the entire information recorded on the optical disc as it is.

An object of the present invention, which has been made in view of the above problems, is to provide an information recording medium with a copy protection function, an unauthorized copy detection device, and an unauthorized copy detection method described below.

(1) An information recording medium with a copy protection function that makes it difficult to copy a disc.

(2) An information recording medium with a copy protection function that can contribute to the detection of illegal copy information illegally copied to a disk.

(3) An illegal copy detecting device capable of detecting illegal copy information illegally copied to a disk.

(4) An illegal copy detecting method capable of detecting illegal copy information illegally copied to a disk.

[0010]

Means for Solving the Problems To solve the above problems and achieve the object, an information recording medium with a copy protection function, an unauthorized copy detection device, and an unauthorized copy detection method of the present invention are configured as follows. ing.

An information recording medium with a copy protection function according to the present invention has an information recording area for recording predetermined information, and a copy for copying all information including the predetermined information recorded on the information recording medium. A trap area that causes confusion in the device.

[0012] An unauthorized copy detection device according to the present invention comprises a reproducing means for reproducing information recorded on an information recording medium, and information recorded on the information recording medium based on the reproduced information reproduced by the reproducing means. Unauthorized copy detecting means for detecting whether or not the information corresponds to illegally copied illegally copied information.

An unauthorized copy detection method according to the present invention includes a first step of reproducing information recorded on an information recording medium, and recording the information on the information recording medium based on the reproduced information reproduced in the first step. A second step of detecting whether or not the copied information corresponds to illegally copied information that has been illegally copied.

[0014]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

An optical disk as an information recording medium with a copy protection function according to the present invention has a trap area. This optical disc has a lead-in area,
It has a data area and a lead-out area.
The trap area is located at a position in the lead-in area that is not reproduced during normal reproduction, a position between the lead-in area and the data area that is not reproduced during normal reproduction, or a position within the data area that is not reproduced during normal reproduction. . The position that is not reproduced during the normal reproduction is reproduced when a disk copy is executed. Also,
The lead-in area, data area, and lead-out area excluding the trap area are collectively referred to as a disk data area (corresponding to an information recording area described in the claims). The lead-in area, data area, lead-out area, and trap area will be described later in detail.

The disk data area is formed by spiral tracks that are continuous over a predetermined length. Also,
A continuous spiral track over this predetermined length includes:
A plurality of continuous sector areas are included. One sector area includes a header area and a recording area. The header area includes an address area. In this address area, physical address information indicating the absolute position on the optical disk of the sector area to which this address area belongs is recorded. Specifically, a serial number is recorded in an address area of a continuous sector area. In the recording area, user data in units of 2048 bytes is recorded.

The trap area is an area provided to make it difficult to copy a disc and to contribute to the detection of illegal copy information illegally copied to a disc. This trap area is formed by a specific track or a specific sector area. Also, this specific track includes a plurality of sector areas. A header area and a recording area are formed in one sector area. The trap area is roughly divided into those using the characteristics of the track shape (the state in which the spiral is broken),
Some use features of address information (those without regular address information). The former includes a first trap area, a second trap area, and a third trap area in total. The latter has a total of three types: a fourth trap area, a fifth trap area, and a sixth trap area.

Here, the first to sixth trap areas will be described with reference to FIGS.

As shown in FIG. 1, the first trap area T1 is formed by tracks forming an endless track. A track that forms an endless track is a track in which a part of a spiral track contacts another track and the spiral is closed. This first trap area T1
Will be reproduced repeatedly on the same track. That is, the first trap area T1 can prevent a normal reproduction operation of the device that attempts to reproduce the first trap area T1. In other words, the first trap area T1 is
This promotes a runaway of the device that attempts to regenerate the first trap area T1.

The second trap area T2 is formed by concentric tracks as shown in FIGS. When trying to reproduce the second trap area T2, data on the same track is repeatedly reproduced. That is, this second trap area T2
It is possible to prevent a normal reproducing operation of the device that attempts to reproduce the second trap area T2. In other words, the second trap area T2 promotes a runaway of a device that attempts to reproduce the second trap area T2.

The third trap area T3 is formed by tracks that are not continuous over a predetermined length. A track that is not continuous over a predetermined length is, as shown in FIG.
A dead end track that is shorter than a predetermined length. When trying to reproduce the third trap area T3, the reproduction is interrupted in the middle. Alternatively, track jump works so that playback is not interrupted,
Normal continuous data is not played. That is, the third trap area T3 is different from the third trap area T3.
The normal reproduction operation of the device attempting to reproduce the data can be prevented. In other words, the third trap area T
No. 3 promotes a runaway of the device which attempts to reproduce the third trap area T3.

As shown in FIG. 3, the fourth trap area T4 is formed by a sector area having no physical address information. The sector area having no physical address information is a sector area in which no physical address information is recorded in the address area. When trying to reproduce this fourth trap area, the physical address is missing, so that the fourth trap area T4
Position cannot be confirmed. Therefore, normal continuous data cannot be reproduced. That is, the fourth trap area T4
Can prevent the normal reproduction operation of the device that attempts to reproduce the fourth trap area T4. In other words, the fourth trap area T4 promotes a runaway of a device that attempts to reproduce the fourth trap area T4.

The fifth trap area T5 is formed by a sector area having false address information overlapping with other address information. The sector area having false address information overlapping with other address information is a sector area in which address information of another sector area is recorded in the address area. When trying to reproduce the fifth trap area, normal continuous data cannot be reproduced due to the influence of false address information. In other words, the fifth trap area T5 can prevent a normal reproducing operation of the device that attempts to reproduce the fifth trap area T5. In other words, the fifth trap area T5 is
This promotes a runaway of the device that attempts to reproduce the fifth trap area T5.

The sixth trap area T6 is formed by a sector area having false address information (non-existent address) irrelevant to the position on the optical disk. Originally,
Serial numbers are recorded in address areas of consecutive sector areas. However, in a sector area having false address information irrelevant to the position on the optical disc, address information that is not related to the address information of the preceding and following sector areas is recorded. Due to the existence of such a sector area having false address information irrelevant to the position on the optical disc, the address information of consecutive sector areas becomes discontinuous information. When attempting to reproduce the sixth trap area, normal continuous data cannot be reproduced due to the influence of false address information. In other words, the sixth trap area T6 can prevent a normal reproduction operation of the device that attempts to reproduce the sixth trap area T6.
In other words, the sixth trap area T6 promotes a runaway of a device that attempts to regenerate the sixth trap area T6.

By the functions of the above-mentioned first to sixth trap areas, the reproducing operation of the apparatus for executing the disk copy is prevented. That is, the first to sixth trap areas prevent the disk copy. Further, the above-described first to sixth trap areas are located at a position in the lead-in area that is not reproduced during normal reproduction, a position between the lead-in area and the data area that is not reproduced during normal reproduction, or a normal position in the data area. Is placed at a position that is not played back during playback. For this reason, the reproduction operation during normal reproduction is not hindered.

The first to sixth trap areas can independently exhibit the copy protection function, but may be combined. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, first and second trap areas are arranged at predetermined positions on an optical disk, and as shown in FIG. 2, second and third trap areas are arranged at predetermined positions on an optical disk. It may be arranged to prevent disk copying.

Further, the first to sixth trap areas can contribute to detection of illegal copy information illegally copied to a disc. For example, it is assumed that the disk on which the first to sixth trap areas are formed has been copied. However, due to the function of the first to sixth trap areas, the illegal copy information obtained by the disk copy has a predetermined characteristic. By detecting this predetermined feature, illegal copy information can be identified. For example, when the first or second trap area operates (when data on the same track is repeatedly reproduced), the illegal copy information includes a plurality of pieces of information recorded in the first or second trap area. Will be. That is, the illegal copy information includes a plurality of pieces of address information of the first or second trap area.
When the third trap area operates (when an unreasonable track jump operates), the illegal copy information includes discontinuous data. In this case, the address information is disturbed due to an unreasonable track jump. Fourth,
When the fifth or sixth trap area operates, the illegal copy information includes a disorder of the address information. The detection of an illegal copy will be described later in detail.

Next, the standard of the DVD-ROM disc will be described, and the case where the above-described information recording medium with a copy protection function is applied to a DVD-ROM disc will be described. Data is recorded by pits on the DVD-ROM. Then, these pits and more virtual tracks are formed.

FIG. 9 is a diagram schematically showing the data structure of a DVD-ROM disc. On the DVD-ROM disc, a lead-in area 800, a data area 801 and a lead-out area 802 are arranged in order from the inner side 803 to the outer side 804. DVD-RO
Information is recorded on the M disk in units of 2048 bytes, and the minimum recording unit is called a sector (detailed description of the sector will be described later). In each sector, a physical sector number corresponding to the address information shown when describing the trap area is set. This physical sector number is recorded on the recording surface of the DVD-ROM disk as described later. The physical sector number start position 805 coincides with the first sector of the lead-in area 800 on the innermost circumference of the disk, and successive physical sector numbers in ascending order are set toward the outer circumference. The data area 80
The physical sector number of the first sector of 1 is 030000h
(H means hexadecimal notation) is predetermined.

Subsequently, referring to FIG. 10, the DVD-RO
The data structure of the lead-in area 800 of the M disk will be described. In the lead-in area 800, a reference code 813 representing a reference signal and control data 814 are arranged, and blank data 810, 811 and 812 in which "00" is recorded exist between them.

A specific random test pattern is recorded in the reference code 813, and the information can be adjusted using the information, such as adjusting the parameters of an automatic equalizer. The control data 814 includes physical format information 81 which is format information specific to an information recording medium described later.
5, a disc manufacturing information 816 in which information relating to production such as a production number of each information recording medium is recorded, and a content indicating information relating to information recorded in the data area 801 Provider information 817 is recorded.

The physical sector number of the first sector in which the reference code 813 is recorded is 02F000.
h, the physical sector number of the first sector in which the control data 814 is recorded is 02F200h.

The above-described first to sixth trap areas are provided for blank data 810, 811 and 812. These blank data 810, 811, 812 are
It is set not to be reproduced during normal reproduction.
Of course, when a disk copy is executed, these blank data 810, 811 and 812 are reproduced and copied. Also, content provider information 817
Is recorded with address information indicating the position of the trap area.

Subsequently, a schematic configuration of the physical format information will be described with reference to FIG.

Physical format information 81
5 is the type of the applicable DVD standard (DVD-RO
M, DVD-RAM, DVD-R, etc.) and a book version indicating a part version and a part version 823
A disk size and a minimum readout rate 824 indicating a disk size and a minimum readout rate;
Disk structure 82 showing a disk structure such as an OM disk, a single-layer RAM disk, and a double-layer ROM disk
5, a recording density 826 indicating the recording density, a data area allocation 827 indicating the position where the data is recorded, and an information recording medium having a serial number on the inner peripheral side of the information recording medium which cannot be rewritten. Recorded
BCA (burst cutting area) descriptor 828
And reserved areas 829 and 830 that specify a reserved place where future use is predicted.

Subsequently, referring to FIG. 12, the DVD-RO
The recording unit of all information recorded on the M disk (ECC (Er
ror Correction Code) unit) will be described.

An FAT (File Alloca) used frequently in a file system of an information recording medium (a hard disk HDD, a magneto-optical disk MO, etc.) for a personal computer.
In the information table, information is recorded on the information recording medium with a minimum unit of 256 bytes.

On the other hand, CD-ROM, DVD-RO
In an information recording medium such as M or DVD-RAM, a UDF (Universal Disk Format; details will be described later) is used as a file system, and information is recorded on the information recording medium in a minimum unit of 2048 bytes. This minimum unit is called a sector. That is, for an information recording medium using UDF, as shown in FIG.
048 bytes of information are recorded.

In the case of a CD-ROM and a DVD-ROM, since the cartridge is handled with a bare disk without using a cartridge, the surface of the information recording medium is easily scratched on the user side or dust is easily attached to the surface. A specific sector (for example, sector 501c in FIG. 12) cannot be reproduced (or cannot be recorded) due to dust or scratches on the surface of the information recording medium.

The DVD adopts an error correction method (ECC using a product code) in consideration of such a situation. Specifically, 16 sectors (in FIG. 12, 16 sectors from sector 501a to sector 501p)
Constitutes one ECC (Error Correction Code) block 502, in which a strong error correction function is provided. As a result, even if an error occurs in the ECC block 502 such that the sector 501c cannot be reproduced, the error is corrected and all the information in the ECC block 502 can be correctly reproduced.

Subsequently, referring to FIG. 13, the DVD-RO
The data structure of one sector recorded in M will be described.

Information (content information) used by the user includes main data (D0 to D2047) 505 to 5
09 is recorded. Further, the main data (D0 to D2
047) Before and after 505 to 509, an ID as described later
851, IED511, CPR_MAI852, EDC
513 is additionally recorded.

The ID 851 is information indicating unique information (Identification) for each sector.
The sector information 861 and the sector number 862 indicating the physical sector number are recorded as shown in FIG. This sector number 862 corresponds to the address information shown at the time of describing the trap area.

The sector information 861 includes:
Sector format type 863, tracking method 8
64, reflectivity 865, reserve 866, area type 8
67, data type 868, and layer number 86
9 are recorded. Sector format type 863
Includes CLV (Constant Linear Velocity: constant linear velocity) or zone CAV (Constant Angular Velocit)
y: constant rotation speed in a specific zone).
The tracking method 864 indicates which of pits and grooves is used for tracking. The reflectivity 865 indicates the reflectivity of the recording surface. Reserve 866 is a spare area. Area type 867
Indicates which of the data area, the lead-in area, the lead-out area, and the middle area. The data type 868 indicates which type is read-only data or rewritable data. The layer number indicates the layer of the disc.

IED (Data ID Error Detection Code)
Reference numeral 511 denotes an error detection code for the ID 851. The IED signal 511 is arithmetically processed for the ID 851 reproduced at the time of information reproduction, and a reproduced signal error of the reproduced ID 851 can be detected.

EDC (Error Detection Code) 513
Is the main data (D20) from the ID 851 shown in FIG.
47) The error detection code for the 2060 byte signal up to 509 is 4 bytes in size.

Next, the flow of copy protection will be briefly described with reference to FIG. FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of a track including the first trap area.

A case where a disk having the track shown in FIG. 8 is copied will be described. The light-collecting spot of the disk copy apparatus that performs the disk copy traces all tracks of the copy source disk to be copied. Thereby, all information of the copy source disk is reproduced, and as a result, all information of the copy source disk is copied. The focused spot of the disk copying apparatus traces, for example, the sector a21, the sector b22, the sector c23, and the sector d24 in order. At this time,
Sector a21, sector b22, sector c23, sector d
The information reproduced from 24 is recorded on the information recording medium of the copy destination. At the same time, sector number 8 included in sector a21, sector b22, sector c23, and sector d24
62 is also recorded on the copy destination information recording medium. Further, the converging spot moves along the track, makes one round of the track, and traces the sector e31 and the sector f32. At this time, at this time, sector e31 and sector f3
2 is recorded on the copy destination information recording medium. At the same time, the sector number 862 included in the sectors e31 and f32 is also recorded on the information recording medium at the copy destination. Thereafter, the converging spot traces the sector c23 and the sector d24 again. At this time, information reproduced from the sector c23 and the sector d24 is recorded again on the information recording medium of the copy destination. At the same time, sector number 8 included in sector c23 and sector d24
62 is also recorded on the copy destination information recording medium.

As described above, in the illegal copy information obtained by disk copying the disk provided with the first trap area, information of the same sector number is recorded a plurality of times. By detecting such characteristics of the illegal copy information, the illegal copy information can be identified.

In general, an apparatus for reproducing an optical disk includes:
In the process of reproducing information, the address information (sector number 862) is monitored. At this time, if the same address information is detected a plurality of times, it is determined that the track is off, and the focused spot is moved to the outer track. Even if the disc copying apparatus performs such an operation, if the second trap area is arranged on the outer peripheral side of the first trap area as shown in FIG. Traces on the same track.

There is also a method in which the discrimination of the above-mentioned track deviation is reversed, the address information is disturbed, and the disk copying apparatus runs away to prevent disk copying. For example, the sector c23 and the sector d2 shown in FIG.
,..., Sector e31 and sector f32 are all set as the fourth trap area. That is, sector c23 shown in FIG.
The physical sector numbers up to sector d24,..., Sector e31, and sector f32 are set to “0” (all sector numbers 862 of sector c23, sector d24,..., Sector e31, and sector f32 are blank). as a result,
If the disk copy device determines that sector c23, sector d24,
... No abnormality can be detected no matter how many times the tracks up to sector e31 and sector f32 are traced.

Next, the standard of the DVD-RAM disc will be described, and a case where the above-described information recording medium with a copy protection function is applied to a DVD-RAM disc will be described.

First, referring to FIG. 15, a DVD-RAM
The concept of a zone in a disk will be described.

The data recording area 28 of the disk 10 as a DVD-RAM disk can be divided into a plurality of recording areas (a plurality of recording zones) in a ring shape (annular ring shape). Although the disk rotation speed differs for each recording zone, the linear speed or angular speed can be kept constant in each zone. In this case, a spare recording area, that is, a spare area (free space) can be provided for each zone. The free space for each zone can be collected and used as a reserved area of the disk 10.

The number of revolutions per second (Hz) is N0 concentrically outside the user area UA00 with the number of revolutions per second (Hz) of N00.
0 spare area SA00 (for replacing a defective portion generated in the user area UA00). Similarly, the user area UA0 whose rotation speed per second (Hz) is N01
1, a spare area SA01 having a rotation speed per second (Hz) of N01 is provided concentrically, and the rotation speed per second (Hz) is set to N.
23 outside the user area UA23.
z) A spare area SA23 of N23 is provided concentrically.

In this concentric area configuration, each of the rotation zones 00 (UA00 + SA00) to 23 (UA23 + S
The number of rotations for each constant rotation zone is set to N00>N01>...> N23 in order to average the recording density between A23) and secure a large recording capacity in the entire disk.

Although the number of concentric zones is set to 24 (zones 00 to 23) here, the present invention can be implemented with a number other than 24.

In the optical disk 10 having the configuration shown in FIG.
When writing in the user area UA00, its management (from where to where the corresponding data is written in the user area UA00, etc.) and replacement processing when a defect occurs are performed in the same rotation speed zone. Similarly, user area U
The writing management and defect management in A01 are performed in the same rotation speed zone, and the writing management and defect management in the user area UA23 are performed in the same rotation speed zone.

In this way, it is not necessary to switch the rotation speed of the disk 10 during the write management process or the replacement process, so that the write process and the replacement process can be sped up.

FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining the layout of the disk 10.

That is, the lead-in area 27 on the inner peripheral side of the disk is composed of an emboss zone having a light reflecting surface having an uneven shape, a mirror zone having a flat (mirror) surface, and a rewritable zone. The emboss zone includes a reference signal zone and a control data zone, and the mirror zone includes a connection zone.

The rewritable zone includes a disk test zone, a drive test zone, and a disk ID (identifier).
It includes zones and defect management areas DMA1 and DMA2.

The lead-out area 26 on the outer peripheral side of the disk
Are defect management areas DMA3 and DMA4, a disk ID (identifier) zone, a drive test zone,
It consists of a rewritable zone including a disc test zone.

The data area 28 between the lead-in area 27 and the lead-out area 26 is divided into 24 annual ring-shaped zones 00 to 23. The first to sixth trap areas described above are stored in the data area 2
8 may be provided. However, the physical sector number (address information) of the trap area provided in the data area 28 is managed so that the trap area provided in the data area 28 is not reproduced during normal reproduction. Of course, when a disc copy is executed, the trap area provided in the data area 28 is reproduced and copied.

Each zone has a constant rotation speed, but the rotation speed differs between different zones. Further, the number of sectors constituting each zone also differs for each zone. Specifically, the zone on the inner circumference side of the disk (eg, zone 00) has a high rotation speed and a small number of constituent sectors. On the other hand, the zone on the outer peripheral side of the disk (such as zone 23) has a low rotation speed and a large number of constituent sectors. With such a layout, high-speed access like CAV is realized in each zone, and high-density recording like CLV is realized in the whole zone.

FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining details of a lead-in portion and a lead-out portion in the layout of FIG.

In the control data zone of the emboss data zone, the type (DVD-ROM) of the applicable DVD standard is used.
· DVD-RAM · DVD-R, etc. and part version, disk size and minimum read rate, disk structure (single-layer ROM disk, single-layer RAM disk, etc.)
Double-layer ROM / RAM disk, etc.), recording density, data area allocation, descriptor of burst cutting area, linear velocity condition for designating exposure at recording, read power, peak power, bias Power and information on the manufacture of the media are recorded.

In other words, in the control data zone, information on the entire information recording medium such as a physical sector number indicating a recording start / end position, a recording power,
Information such as recording pulse width, erasing power, reproducing power, linear velocity at the time of recording / erasing, information on recording / reproducing / erasing characteristics, and information on the production of information recording media such as the serial number of each disk are prepared in advance Has been recorded.

In the emboss data zone, blank zones 652, 654 and 656 are provided. The first to sixth trap areas described above are provided in these blank zones 652, 654, 656. These blank zones 652, 654, and 656 are set so as not to be reproduced during normal reproduction. Of course, these blank zones 65
2, 654 and 656 are reproduced and copied. In the control data zone, address information (physical sector number) indicating the position of the trap area is recorded.

The rewritable data zone for lead-in and lead-out includes a unique disk name recording area for each medium, a test recording area (for confirming recording erasure conditions),
A management information recording area for a defective area in the data area is provided. By using these areas, optimal recording can be performed on individual disks.

FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining details of the data area portion in the layout of FIG.

The same number of groups are assigned to each of the 24 zones, and each group includes a pair of a user area used for data recording and a spare area used for replacement processing. The user area and the spare area of each group are included in a zone having the same rotation speed. The smaller group number belongs to the high-speed rotation zone, and the larger group number belongs to the low-speed rotation zone. The low-speed rotation zone group has a larger number of sectors than the high-speed rotation zone group, but the low-speed rotation zone has a larger radius of rotation of the disk, so that the physical recording density on the disk 10 is over the entire zone (all groups). Almost uniform.

In each group, the user area is arranged on the smaller sector number (that is, the inner circumference side on the disk), and the spare area is arranged on the larger sector number (the outer circumference side on the disk). This sector number is assigned according to the user area U on the disk 10 in FIG.
This corresponds to the arrangement method of A and the spare area SA.

Next, a recording signal structure of information recorded on an information recording medium (such as the DVD-RAM disk 10) and a method of creating the recording signal structure will be described. The content of the information recorded on the medium is called "information".
The structure or expression after scrambling or modulating the same information, that is, the connection of the states “1” to “0” after the signal form is converted is expressed as “signal”, and both are expressed as “signal”. They will be distinguished as appropriate.

FIG. 19 is a view for explaining the structure of a sector included in the data area shown in FIG. One sector in FIG. 19 corresponds to one of the sector numbers in FIG. 18 and has a size of 2048 bytes. Each sector alternately includes a synchronization code and a modulated signal (video data and the like), with the header embossed on the disk 10 at the top. In this header, a physical sector number is recorded as address information shown at the time of describing the trap area.

Next, a method of processing an ECC block in the DVD-RAM disk 10 will be described.

FIG. 20 is a diagram for explaining a recording unit (ECC unit) of information included in the data area shown in FIG.

In an FAT (file allocation table) often used in a file system of an information recording medium for a personal computer (such as a hard disk HDD or a magneto-optical disk MO), 256 bytes or 512 bytes are used.
Information is recorded on the information recording medium with a byte as a minimum unit.

On the other hand, CD-ROM and DVD-RO
In information recording media such as M and DVD-RAM, UDF (universal disc format; details will be described later) is used as a file system, and information is recorded on the information recording medium in a minimum unit of 2048 bytes. This minimum unit is called a sector. That is, for an information recording medium (optical disk 10) using UDF, FIG.
As shown in (2), information of 2048 bytes is recorded for each sector 501.

In the case of a CD-ROM or DVD-ROM, since the cartridge is handled with a bare disk without using a cartridge, the surface of the information recording medium is easily scratched or dust is easily attached to the surface on the user side. There is a case where a specific sector (for example, the sector 501c in FIG. 20) cannot be reproduced (or cannot be recorded) due to the influence of dust or scratches on the surface of the information recording medium.

The DVD adopts an error correction method (ECC using a product code) in consideration of such a situation. Specifically, 16 sectors (in FIG. 20, 16 sectors from sector 501a to sector 501p)
Constitutes one ECC (Error Correction Code) block 502, in which a strong error correction function is provided. As a result, even if an error occurs in the ECC block 502 such that the sector 501c cannot be reproduced, the error is corrected and all the information in the ECC block 502 can be correctly reproduced.

FIG. 21 is a view for explaining the relationship between zones and groups (see FIG. 18) in the data area of FIG.

Each of the zones 00 to 23 in FIG. 16 is physically arranged on the disk 10 as shown in FIG. 15, and includes, in addition to the actually used data area (user area + spare area), It has a guard area that divides the data use area between zones. On the other hand, the group in FIG. 18 is assigned to a data area (user area + spare area) actually used.

That is, in FIG.
The group 00 separated by 11 is a user area UA0 starting from the physical sector number 031000h of the disk 10.
0 and a spare area SA00, and a guard area 7
The group 01 divided by 11 and the guard area 712 includes a user area UA01 and a spare area SA01. Similarly, the group 23 separated by the guard area 713 on the outermost peripheral side of the disk 10 includes a user area UA23 ending with the last physical sector number of the disk 10 and a spare area SA23.

When the optical disk (DVD-RAM disk) 10 shown in FIG. 15 having the configuration shown in FIG. 21 is set in a disk drive (not shown), a process of switching the rotation speed of the disk 10 while passing through the guard area can be performed. . For example, when an optical head (not shown) seeks from group 00 to group 01, the rotation speed of disk 10 is switched from N00 to N01 while passing through guard area 711.

FIG. 22 is a diagram for explaining a method of setting a logical sector in the data area of FIG. Although a guard area as shown in FIG. 21 is physically provided on the disk 10, logically (that is, from the viewpoint of software for performing write control), the groups 00 to 23 are densely arranged. In. The arrangement of the groups 00 to 23 is such that the smaller group number (the smaller physical sector number) is arranged on the inner peripheral side (lead-in side) of the disk 10 and the larger group number (the larger physical sector number) ) Is arranged on the outer peripheral side (lead-out side) of the disk 10.

In this arrangement, the logical sector number of the spare area in the same group is not set in advance, and when a defect occurs in the user area, the logical sector number at the defect position in the user area before the replacement processing is changed. It is moved to the corresponding spare area position after the replacement process. However, as for the physical sector number, both the user area and the spare area are set from the beginning.

Next, several methods for processing defects generated in the user area will be described. Before that, a defect management area (DMA1-DM in FIG. 16 or FIG. 17) necessary for defect processing
A4) and related matters will be described.

[Defect Management Area] Defect Management Area (DM
A1 to DMA4) include data area configuration and defect management information, and are composed of, for example, 32 sectors. Two defect management areas (DMA1 and DMA2) are arranged in the lead-in area 27 of the optical disk (DVD-RAM disk) 10, and the other two defect management areas (DMA3 and DMA4) are in the lead-out area 26 of the optical disk 10. Placed in Each defect management area (DM
After A1 to DMA4), a spare sector (spare sector) is appropriately added.

Each defect management area (DMA1 to DMA4)
Consists of two ECC blocks. The first ECC block of each defect management area (DMA1 to DMA4) includes:
Disc definition information structure (DDS; Disc Definitio)
n Structure) and Primary Defect List (PDL)
Defect List). Each defect management area (DMA
1 to DMA4) include a secondary defect list (SDL; Secondary Defect List). 4 of the four defect management areas (DMA1 to DMA4)
One primary defect list (PDL) has the same content, and their four secondary defect lists (SDL) also have the same content.

Four defect management areas (DMA1 to DMA
The four definition information structures (DDS) of 4) have basically the same contents, but the PDL of each of the four defect management areas
And the pointers to the SDL have individual contents.

Here, the DDS / PDL block corresponds to the DDS
And an ECC block including PDL. Also,
The SDL block means an ECC block including the SDL.

Optical disk (DVD-RAM disk) 1
0 after each defect management area (DMA1 to D
The contents of MA4) are as follows: (1) The first sector of each DDS / PDL block is DD
(2) The second sector of each DDS / PDL block is P
(3) The first sector of each SDL block contains the SDL.

The block lengths of the primary defect list PDL and the secondary defect list SDL are determined by the respective numbers of entries. Each defect management area (DMA1 to DMA
Unused sectors in 4) are overwritten with data 0FFh.
All spare sectors are overwritten with 00h.

[Disk definition information] Definition information structure DDS
Consists of a table having a length of one sector. This DDS
Has contents defining the initialization method of the disk 10 and the start addresses of the PDL and SDL. DDS
Is recorded in the first sector of each defect management area (DMA) at the end of initialization of the disk 10.

[Partitioning] During initialization of the disk 10, the data area is divided into 24 consecutive groups 00.
~ 23. Except for the first zone 00 and the last zone 23, a plurality of buffer blocks are arranged at the head of each of the divided zones. Each group is designed to completely cover one zone except for buffer flock.

Each group includes a full block of a data sector (user area) and a subsequent full block of a spare sector (spare area).

[Spare sector] The defective sectors in each data area are determined by a predetermined defect management method (verification, slipping replacement, skipping replacement, linear replacement, which will be described later).
Replaced (replaced) with a normal sector. The spare sector block for this replacement is included in the spare area of each group in FIG.

Although the optical disk 10 can be initialized before use, this initialization can be performed regardless of whether verification has been performed.

The defective sector is subjected to the slipping replacement process (Sl
The processing is performed by a skipping replacement algorithm, a skipping replacement algorithm, or a linear replacement algorithm. By these processes (Algorithm), the PDL
And the total number of entries listed in the SDL is a predetermined number, for example, 4092 or less.

[Initialization] In the initialization of the disk 10, four defect management areas (DMA1 to DMA4) are recorded before the first use of the disk. The data area consists of 24 groups (group 0 in FIG. 18).
0-23). Each group includes a number of blocks for a data sector (user area) followed by a number of spare blocks (spare area). These spare blocks can be used for replacement of defective sectors.

At the time of initialization, verification (certification) of each group can be performed. As a result, a defective sector found in the initialization stage is identified and skipped when used.

The parameters of all definition information structures DDS are recorded in four DDS sectors. The primary defect list PDL and the secondary defect list SDL are recorded in four defect management areas (DMA1 to DMA4). In the first initialization, the update counter in the SDL is set to 00h, and all reserved blocks are overwritten with 00h.

[Verification / Certification] When verifying the disk 10, data sectors (user areas) and spare sectors (spare areas) in each group are used.
Will be verified. This verification can be performed by checking the read / write of the sectors in each group.

A defective sector found during the verification is processed, for example, by slip replacement. This defective sector must not be used for reading or writing.

If the spare sectors in the zone of the disk 10 are used up during the verification, the disk 10 is determined to be defective, and the disk 10 is not used thereafter.

When the disk 10 is used for storing data in a computer, the above-described initialization and verification are performed. When the disk 10 is used for video recording, video recording is performed immediately without performing the above-mentioned initialization and verification. It is possible.

Next, referring to FIG. 23 to FIG.
The UDF standard adopted in the above will be described.

First, the UDF format used in DVD will be described.

<<<< Overview of UDF >>>><< What is UDF >> UDF is an abbreviation of Universal Disk Format, and mainly indicates "rules concerning file management method" in a disk-shaped information recording medium.

CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, D
VD-Video, DVD-ROM, DVD-R, DVD-
The RAM and the like adopt the UDF format standardized by the international standard “ISO9660”.

The file management method is basically based on a hierarchical file system having a root directory as a parent and managing files in a tree shape.

Here, the UDF format conforming to the DVD-RAM standard will be mainly described. However, most of the description is consistent with the DVD-ROM standard.

<< Overview of UDF >><Contents of File Information Recording on Information Recording Medium> When information is recorded on an information recording medium, a group of information is called "file data", and recording is performed in units of file data. . Each file data is provided with a unique file name for each file data so as to be distinguished from other file data.

Grouping a plurality of file data having common information contents facilitates file management and file search. The group for each of the plurality of file data is called a “directory” or a “folder”. A unique directory name (or folder name) is added to each directory (or folder).

Further, a plurality of directories (folders)
Can be collected and grouped in a higher-level directory (higher-level folder) as a group at a higher level. Here, the file data and the directory (folder) are collectively called a file.

When recording information, (a) the information content of the file data itself; (b) the file name corresponding to the file data; and (c) the storage location of the file data (under which directory to record) All information on the information recording medium is recorded on an information recording medium (for example, the disk 10).

Further, (d) the directory name (folder name) for each directory (folder); and (e) the position to which each directory (folder) belongs (that is, the position of the parent upper directory / upper folder) All information is recorded on an information recording medium (10)
Record above.

FIG. 23 is a view for explaining the basic relationship between the hierarchical file system structure and the information content recorded on the information recording medium (DVD-RAM disk 10).
FIG. 23 shows a simple example of a hierarchical file system structure on the upper side, and shows an example of file system recorded contents according to UDF on the lower side.

<Simple Example of Hierarchical File System Structure>
UNIX, MacOS, MS-DOS, which are general-purpose operating systems (OS) for small computers,
Most OS file management systems such as Windows have a tree-like hierarchical structure as illustrated in FIG. 23 or FIG.

In FIG. 23, one disk drive (for example, when one hard disk drive HDD is divided into a plurality of partitions, each partition unit is considered as one disk drive).
Has one root directory 40 that is the parent of the whole
1 and a subdirectory 402 belongs to the subdirectory 402. File data 403 exists in this subdirectory 402.

[0122] Actually, the present invention is not limited to this example, and file data 403 may exist directly below the root directory 401, or may have a complicated hierarchical structure in which a plurality of subdirectories 402 are connected in series.

<File System Recorded Contents on Information Recording Medium> File system information is recorded in logical block units (or logical sector units), and the contents recorded in each logical block mainly include the following. There are: * File ID Descriptor FID (descriptive sentence indicating file information) ... that describes the file type and file name (root directory name, subdirectory name, file data name, etc.). The file ID descriptor FID also describes the data content of the subsequent file data and the position where information about the contents of the directory is recorded.

* File entry FE (descriptive sentence indicating recording location of file contents)... Position (logical block number) on the information recording medium in which information relating to the contents of file data and the contents of directories (sub directories, etc.) is recorded. What describes such.

The central part of FIG. 23 stores information of a file system structure as shown in the upper part of FIG.
3 shows an example of the recorded contents when recorded. Hereinafter, this example content will be specifically described.

The contents of the root directory 401 are shown in the logical block of the logical block number “1”.

In the example shown in FIG.
1 includes only a subdirectory 402.
Therefore, the contents of the root directory 401 include:
Information about the subdirectory 402 is described in a file ID descriptor (FID) 404. Although not shown, the root directory 4 is stored in the same logical block.
01 itself is also described in the sentence of the file ID descriptor.

In the file ID descriptor 404 of the root directory 401, a file entry (F) indicating where the contents of the subdirectory 402 are recorded.
E) The recording position of 405 is described in the long allocation descriptor (LAD (2)).

In the logical block of the logical block number “2”, a file entry 405 indicating the position where the contents of the subdirectory 402 are recorded is recorded.

In the example shown in FIG.
Contains only the file data 403. Therefore, the contents of the subdirectory 402 substantially indicate the recording position of the file ID descriptor 406 in which information on the file data 403 is described.

The file entry 405 describes (AD (3)) that the contents of the subdirectory 402 are recorded in the third logical block in the short allocation descriptor therein.

* The contents of the subdirectory 402 are recorded in the logical block of the logical block number "3".

In the example shown in FIG.
Contains only the file data 403,
File data 4 as the contents of subdirectory 402
03 is described in the file ID descriptor 406. Although not shown, the information of the subdirectory 402 itself is also stored in the same logical block with the file ID.
It is written in the descriptor sentence.

File I related to file data 403
A file entry 4 indicating where the contents of the file data 403 are recorded in the D descriptor 406
07 is recorded in the long allocation descriptor (LA).
D (4)).

* The contents of the file data 403 (408, 409) are stored in the logical block of the logical block number "4".
Is recorded in the file entry 407 indicating the position where is recorded.

The short allocation descriptor in the file entry 407 describes that the contents (408, 409) of the file data 403 are recorded in the fifth and sixth logical blocks (AD (5), AD (5)).
(6)) has been done.

* The contents 408 of the file data 403 are recorded in the logical block of the logical block number "5".

* The content 409 of the file data 403 is recorded in the logical block of the logical block number “6”.

<Method of Accessing File Data According to Information in FIG. 23> As described above, the file ID descriptor FID and the file entry FE describe the logical block number in which the following information is described. is there.

In the same manner as when arriving at the file data via the sub-directory while descending the hierarchy from the root directory, according to the file ID descriptor FID and the logical block number described in the file entry, information on the information recording medium 10 The contents of the target file data are accessed while sequentially reproducing the information in the logical block.

That is, the file data 40 shown in FIG.
To access No. 3, first read the first logical block information, and then read the second logical block information according to LAD (2) therein. Since the file data 403 exists in the sub directory 402, the file ID descriptor FID of the sub directory 402 is extracted from the file data 403.
And read AD (3). Then read A
The third logical block information is read according to D (3). Since LAD (4) is described therein, the fourth logical block information is read, a file ID descriptor FID relating to the file data 403 is searched, and the fifth logical block information is described in accordance with AD (5) described therein. Read the logical block information,
The sixth logical block is reached according to AD (6).

Note that AD (logical block number), LAD
(Logical block number)
It will be described later.

<<<< Detailed description of each description sentence (descriptor / descriptor) of UDF >>>><< Descriptive sentence of logical block number >><Allocationdescriptor><File system information on information recording medium> As described in <Recorded Content>, a description sentence included in a part of the file ID descriptor FID or the file entry and indicating the position (logical block number) where the following information is recorded is referred to as an allocation descriptor. Call.

The allocation descriptor includes a long allocation descriptor and a short allocation descriptor.

<Long Allocation Descriptor> FIG.
FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the description contents of a long allocation descriptor indicating a recording position of a continuous sector aggregate (extent) on an information recording medium.

The long allocation descriptor LAD (logical block number) includes an extent length 410, an extent position 411, and an implementation use 412.

The extent length 410 indicates the number of logical blocks in 4 bytes. The extent position 411 indicates the corresponding logical block number in 4 bytes. Is displayed in 8 bytes.

Here, in order to simplify the description, “L
Abbreviations such as "AD (logical block number)" are used for describing the long allocation descriptor.

<Short Allocation Descriptor> FIG.
FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the description contents of a short allocation descriptor indicating a recording position of a continuous sector aggregate (extent) on the information recording medium 10.

The short allocation descriptor AD (logical block number) is composed of an extent length 410 and an extent position 411.

The extent length 410 indicates the number of logical blocks by 4 bytes, and the extent position 411 indicates the corresponding logical block number by 4 bytes.

Here, in order to simplify the description, “A
Abbreviations such as "D (logical block number)" are used to describe the short allocation descriptor.

<Space entry not allocated>
FIG. 26 is a diagram for searching for an unrecorded continuous sector aggregate (unrecorded extent) on the information recording medium, and shows a non-allocated space entry (Unallocated Space Entry;
FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the contents of a description sentence used as USE for short.

A space entry that is not allocated is a description used in a space table (see FIGS. 30 to 32) indicating whether a “recorded logical block” or an “unrecorded logical block” in the recording area of the information recording medium 10. Statement.

This unallocated space entry USE includes a descriptor tag 413, an ICB tag 414,
It is composed of a total length 415 of an allocation descriptor sequence and an allocation descriptor 416.

The * descriptor tag 413 indicates an identifier of the description content, and is "263" in this example.

The * ICB tag 414 indicates a file type.

The file type = 1 in the ICB tag indicates a space entry USE that is not allocated, the file type = 4 indicates a directory, and the file type = 5 indicates file data.

* Total length 415 of allocation descriptor string
Represents the total number of bytes of the allocation descriptor string in 4 bytes.

The allocation descriptor 416 lists recording positions (logical block numbers) on the medium 10 of each extent (sector group). For example,
(AD (*), AD (*),..., AD (*)).

<File Entry> FIG. 27 illustrates a part of the description contents of a file entry for displaying the recording position of a designated file in a file structure having a hierarchical structure as shown in FIG. FIG.

The file entry has the descriptor tag 417
, ICB tag 418, and permission (permission) 41
9 and an allocation descriptor 420.

The * descriptor tag 417 indicates the identifier of the description content, and is "261" in this case.

The * ICB tag 418 indicates the file type, and its contents are the same as the ICB tag 414 of the unallocated space entry in FIG.

* Permissions 419
Indicates permission information for recording, reproduction, and deletion for each user. It is mainly used to ensure file security.

The allocation descriptor 420 describes the position where the contents of the file are recorded by arranging short allocation descriptors for each extent. For example, FE (AD (*), AD (*), ...
.., AD (*)). In the present invention, the address information (physical sector number) of the trap area is not described in the allocation descriptor 420. This prevents the trap area from being reproduced during normal reproduction. Of course, the trap area is reproduced and copied when the disc copy is executed.

<File ID Descriptor FID> FIG.
FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating a part of a file ID descriptor that describes information of a file (root directory, subdirectory, file data, etc.) in a file structure having a hierarchical structure as shown in FIG. 23.

The file ID descriptor FID includes a descriptor tag 421, a file character 422, an information control block ICB 423, a file identifier 424, and padding 437.

The * descriptor tag 421 indicates the identifier of the description content, and is "257" in this case.

The * file characteristic 422 indicates the type of the file, and means one of a parent directory, a directory, file data, and a file deletion flag.

* The information control block ICB 423 is a FE position (file entry position) corresponding to this file.
Is described by a long allocation descriptor.

* File identifier 424 describes a directory name or a file name.

* Padding 437 is the file identifier 4
Normally, all "0" (or 000h) are recorded in a dummy area added to adjust the length of the entire 24.

It is to be noted that computer data (DA1, DA3) and AV data (DA) are stored in one volume space.
2) can be mixed. In this case, there are two files, computer files and AV files.
Species may be mixed.

The following two methods are conceivable for setting an AV file identifier for distinguishing an AV file from a computer file: 1) A predetermined extension (such as .VOB) is added to the end of the file name of the AV file. ;
2) Insert a unique flag (not shown) into the padding 437 of the AV file (if this flag is "1",
File, and "0" indicates a computer file, etc.).

Note that an encrypted user password can be recorded in the padding 437 area.

FIG. 29 shows a more generalized file system structure of the file structure shown in FIG. FIG.
In FIG. 9, the information in the parentheses indicates information on the contents of the directory or the logical block number on the information recording medium 10 on which the data content of the file data is recorded.

<< Example of File Structure Description Recorded According to UDF >> The contents (structure of the file system) shown in the above << Overview of UDF >> will be described below using a specific example.

As a method of managing the unrecorded position on the information recording medium (DVD-RAM disk, etc.) 10, there is the following method: [Space Bitmap Method] This method uses a space bitmap descriptor 470 (FIG. 31). ), And a flag of “recorded” or “unrecorded” is set in a bitmap manner for all logical blocks in a recording area in the information recording medium. In the present invention, a flag of “recorded” is set for all logical blocks corresponding to the trap area. This prevents the trap area from being reproduced during normal reproduction.

[Space Table Method] The method shown in FIG.
In this method, recorded logical block numbers are described by listing short allocation descriptors using the description method 6 described above.

Here, in order to summarize the description,
Although both methods (space bitmap method and space table method) are shown together in FIGS. 30 to 32, both are actually used together (recorded on an information recording medium).
There is very little and only one is used.

The description contents (description and arrangement of short allocation descriptors) in the space table are adapted to the file system structure shown in FIG. 29 for the time being. However, the present invention is not limited to this. Can be.

FIGS. 30 to 32 show examples in which the information of the file system structure of FIG. 29 is recorded on the information recording medium 10 in accordance with the UDF format. 30 shows the first half, FIG. 31 shows the middle stage, and FIG. 32 shows the latter half.

As shown in FIGS. 30 to 32, a logical sector in which information on the file structure 486 and the file data 487 is recorded is particularly called a “logical block” and is linked to a logical sector number (LSN). A logical block number (LBN) is set. (The length of the logical block is 2048 bytes as in the case of the logical sector.)
The contents of the main descriptors described in FIGS. 30 to 32 include the following: * The extent area descriptor start 445 is the start of a volume recognition sequence (VRS for short). Indicates the position.

* Volume structure descriptor 446 describes the contents of the disk (volume contents).

The * boot descriptor 447 is a portion describing the processing contents at the time of booting, such as the boot start position of the computer system.

* End Extent Area Descriptor 448
Indicates the end position of the volume recognition sequence (VRS).

* The partition descriptor 450 describes partition information such as the size of the partition.

[0189] In the DVD-RAM, one partition per volume is basically used.

The * logical volume descriptor 454 describes the contents of the logical volume.

* Anchor volume descriptor pointer 45
Reference numeral 8 denotes the last recording position of the recorded information in the recording area of the information recording medium 10.

* Reservations 459 to 465 are adjustment areas for securing logical sector numbers for recording specific descriptors (descriptors), and are initially written with "00h".

* Reserved volume descriptor sequence 4
Reference numeral 67 denotes a backup area for information recorded in the main volume descriptor sequence 449.

<<<< Method of Accessing File Data During Reproduction >>>> Using the file system information shown in FIGS. 30 to 32, for example, file data H432 of FIG.
The file data access processing method on the information recording medium 10 will be described on the assumption that the data content is reproduced.

(1) The information of the boot descriptor 447 in the volume recognition sequence 444 area is reproduced as a boot area when the information recording / reproducing apparatus is activated or when the information recording medium is mounted. The processing at the time of booting starts according to the description contents of the boot descriptor 447.

At this time, if there is no special boot process, (2) first, the main volume descriptor sequence 449
The information of the logical volume descriptor 454 in the area is reproduced.

(3) Logical volume content usage 455 is described in the logical volume descriptor 454. There, the logical block number indicating the position where the file set descriptor 472 is recorded is described in the form of a long allocation descriptor (FIG. 24). (In the examples of FIGS. 30 and 32, the LAD (100) is recorded in the 100th logical block.) (4) The 100th logical block (the 400th logical sector number) is accessed. Play file set descriptor 472. Root directory IC in it
B473 describes the location (logical block number) where the file entry for the root directory A425 is recorded in the form of a long allocation descriptor (FIG. 24) (in the example of FIGS. 30 and 32, the LAD (10
Since it is 2), it is recorded in the 102nd logical block).

In this case, the root directory ICB47
(5) The 102nd logical block is accessed, and a file entry 475 for the root directory A 425
Is read, and the position (logical block number) where the information on the contents of the root directory A425 is recorded is read (AD (103); recorded in the 103rd logical block).

(6) The 103rd logical block is accessed, and information on the contents of the root directory A425 is reproduced.

The file data H432 is stored in the directory D
Directory 428 because it exists under the 428 series.
Of the file ID descriptor FID of the directory D428 and the logical block number in which the file entry of the directory D428 is recorded (not shown in FIGS. 30 to 32, LAD (110); recorded in the 110th logical block)
Read.

(7) The 110th logical block is accessed, the file entry 480 relating to the directory D428 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information relating to the contents of the directory D428 is recorded is read (AD (111); (Recorded in the 111th logical block).

(8) The 111th logical block is accessed, and information on the contents of the directory D428 is reproduced.

Since the file data H432 exists directly below the subdirectory F430, a file ID descriptor FID related to the subdirectory F430 is searched, and a logical block number (LAD (112)) in which a file entry related to the subdirectory F430 is recorded. 11
(Recorded in the second logical block).

(9) The 112th logical block is accessed, the file entry 482 relating to the subdirectory F430 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information relating to the contents of the subdirectory F430 is recorded is read (AD (113 ); Recorded in the 113th logical block).

(10) The 113th logical block is accessed to reproduce information on the contents of the subdirectory F430, and the file I
Search for the D descriptor FID. Then, the logical block number (LAD (114); recorded in the 114th logical block) in which the file entry relating to the file data H432 is recorded is read from the logical block number.

(11) The 114th logical block is accessed, the file entry 484 relating to the file data H432 is reproduced, and the position where the data content 489 of the file data H432 is recorded is read.

(12) Information is reproduced from the information recording medium in the order of the logical block numbers described in the file entry 484 relating to the file data H432, and the data contents 489 of the file data H432 are read.

<<< Specific File Data Content Change Method >>>> Next, the access when the data content of the file data H432 is changed using the file system information shown in FIGS. The processing method will be described.

(1) The capacity difference of the data contents before and after the change of the file data H432 is obtained, the value is divided by 2048 bytes, and how many additional logical blocks are used or how many logical blocks are used to record the changed data. It is calculated in advance whether it is unnecessary.

(2) The information of the boot descriptor 447 in the volume recognition sequence 444 area is reproduced as a boot area when the information recording / reproducing apparatus is started or when the information recording medium is mounted. The processing at the time of booting starts according to the description contents of the boot descriptor 447.

At this time, if there is no particularly specified boot process, (3) first, the main volume descriptor sequence 449
The partition descriptor 450 in the area is reproduced, and the information of the partition content usage 451 described therein is read. In the partition contents usage 451 (also referred to as a partition header descriptor), the recording position of the space table or the space bitmap is shown.

* The space table position is described in the column of the unallocated space table 452 in the form of a short allocation descriptor (AD (80) in the examples of FIGS. 30 to 32). The * space bitmap position is described in the form of a short allocation descriptor in the column of the space bitmap 453 that is not allocated (AD (0) in the examples of FIGS. 30 to 32).

(4) Access is made to the logical block number (0) in which the space bitmap read in (3) is described. The space bitmap information is read from the space bitmap descriptor, an unrecorded logical block is searched, and the use of the logical block corresponding to the calculation result of the above (1) is registered (space bitmap descriptor information rewriting processing).

(4 *) Access to the logical block number (80) in which the space table read in (3) is described.
Unallocated space entry USE (AD (*)) from the space table to file data I USE
(AD (*), AD (*)) are read, an unrecorded logical block is searched, and the use of the logical block corresponding to the calculation result of (1) is registered (space table information rewriting process).

In the actual processing, the above (4) or (4
*) Is performed.

(5) Next, the information of the logical volume descriptor 454 in the area of the main volume descriptor sequence 449 is reproduced.

(6) In the logical volume descriptor 454, the use of logical volume contents 455 is described.
There, a logical block number indicating the position where the file set descriptor 472 is recorded is described in the form of a long allocation descriptor (FIG. 24) (FIGS. 30 to 32).
Is recorded in the 100th logical block from the LAD (100)).

(7) Access the 100th logical block (the logical block number is 400th) and reproduce the file set descriptor 472. The root directory A425 is stored in the root directory ICB473 therein.
The location (logical block number) where the file entry relating to is recorded is a long allocation descriptor (FIG. 2).
4) (in the examples of FIGS. 30 to 32, L
AD (102) is recorded in the 102nd logical block).

Then, the root directory ICB473
(8) The 102nd logical block is accessed and the file entry 475 for the root directory A 425 is
Is read, and the position (logical block number) where the information on the contents of the root directory A425 is recorded is read (AD (103)).

(9) The 103rd logical block is accessed, and information on the contents of the root directory A 425 is reproduced.

The file data H432 is stored in the directory D
Directory 428 because it exists under the 428 series.
The logical block number (LAD (110)) in which the file entry for the directory D428 is recorded is searched for the file ID descriptor FID for the directory D428.

(10) The 110th logical block is accessed, the file entry 480 relating to the directory D428 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information relating to the contents of the directory D428 is recorded is read (AD (111)). .

(11) The 111th logical block is accessed, and information on the contents of the directory D428 is reproduced.

Since the file data H432 exists directly below the subdirectory F430, a file ID descriptor FID for the subdirectory F430 is searched, and a logical block number (LAD (112)) in which a file entry for the subdirectory F430 is recorded. Read.

(12) The 112th logical block is accessed, the file entry 482 relating to the subdirectory F430 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information relating to the contents of the subdirectory F430 is recorded is read (AD (113 )).

(13) The 113th logical block is accessed, the information on the contents of the subdirectory F430 is reproduced, and the file I
Search for the D descriptor FID. Then, a logical block number (LAD (114)) in which a file entry relating to the file data H432 is recorded is read from the file.

(14) The 114th logical block is accessed, the file entry 484 relating to the file data H432 is reproduced, and the position where the data content 489 of the file data H432 is recorded is read.

(15) The data content 489 of the changed file data H432 is recorded in consideration of the logical block number additionally registered in the above (4) or (4 *).

<<<< Specific File Data / Directory Erase Processing Method >>>> As an example, file data H4
A method for erasing the subdirectory F430 or the subdirectory F430 will be described.

(1) The information of the boot descriptor 447 in the volume recognition sequence 444 area is reproduced as a boot area when the information recording / reproducing apparatus is started or when the information recording medium is mounted. The processing at the time of booting starts according to the description contents of the boot descriptor 447.

If there is no specified boot process, (2) first, the main volume descriptor sequence 449
The information of the logical volume descriptor 54 in the area is reproduced.

(3) The logical volume content usage 455 is described in the logical volume descriptor 454, and the logical block number indicating the position where the file set descriptor 472 is recorded is described in the long allocation descriptor (FIG. 24) (in the examples of FIGS. 30 to 32, L
AD (100) is recorded in the 100th logical block).

(4) Access the 100th logical block (the 400th logical block is the logical sector number) and reproduce the file set descriptor 472. The root directory A425 is stored in the root directory ICB473 therein.
The location (logical block number) where the file entry relating to is recorded is a long allocation descriptor (FIG. 2).
4) described in the format (LA in the examples of FIGS. 30 to 32).
D (102) is recorded in the 102nd logical block).

Therefore, the root directory ICB473
According to the LAD (102) of (5), the 102nd logical block is accessed, and a file entry 475 for the root directory A425 is accessed.
Is read, and the position (logical block number) where the information on the contents of the root directory A425 is recorded is read (AD (103)).

(6) The 103rd logical block is accessed, and information on the contents of the root directory A 425 is reproduced.

File data H432 is stored in directory D
Directory 428 because it exists under the 428 series.
The logical block number (LAD (110)) in which the file entry for the directory D428 is recorded is searched for the file ID descriptor FID for the directory D428.

(7) The 110th logical block is accessed, the file entry 480 relating to the directory D428 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information relating to the contents of the directory D428 is recorded is read (AD (111)). .

(8) The 111th logical block is accessed, and information on the contents of the directory D428 is reproduced.

Since the file data H432 exists directly under the subdirectory F430, a file ID descriptor FID for the subdirectory F430 is searched.

Now, assume that the subdirectory F430 is deleted. In this case, the subdirectory F
The “file deletion flag” is set in the file property 422 (FIG. 28) in the file ID descriptor FID regarding 430.

Then, the logical block number (LAD (112)) in which the file entry relating to the subdirectory F430 is recorded is read.

(9) The 112th logical block is accessed, the file entry 482 relating to the subdirectory F430 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information relating to the contents of the subdirectory F430 is recorded is read (AD (113 )).

(10) The 113th logical block is accessed, the information on the contents of the subdirectory F430 is reproduced, and the file I related to the file data H432 is read.
Search for the D descriptor FID.

Next, it is assumed that the file data H432 is deleted. In this case, the file data H43
A "file deletion flag" is set in the file property 422 (FIG. 28) in the file ID descriptor FID relating to C.2.

Further, the logical block number (LAD (114)) in which the file entry relating to the file data H432 is recorded is read therefrom.

(11) The 114th logical block is accessed, the file entry 484 relating to the file data H432 is reproduced, and the position where the data content 489 of the file data H432 is recorded is read.

When erasing the file data H432, the logical block in which the data content 489 of the file data H432 is recorded is released by the following method (the logical block is registered in an unrecorded state).

(12) Next, the partition descriptor 450 in the main volume descriptor sequence 449 area is reproduced, and the partition content usage 4 described in it is used.
The information of 51 is read. The partition table usage (partition header descriptor) 451 indicates the recording position of the space table or space bitmap.

* The space table position is described in the form of a short allocation descriptor in the column of the space table 452 that is not allocated (FIGS. 30 to 32).
In the example of AD (80)). The * space bitmap position is described in the form of a short allocation descriptor in the column of the space bitmap 453 that is not allocated (AD (0) in the examples of FIGS. 30 to 32).

(13) Logical block number (0) describing the space bitmap read in (12) above
And rewrites the “logical block number to be released” obtained as a result of the above (11) to a space bitmap descriptor.

(13 *) The logical block number (80) in which the space table read in the above (12) is described is accessed, and the “logical block number to be released” obtained as a result of the above (11) is obtained. Rewrite to space table.

In the actual processing, the above (13) or (1)
3 *).

When erasing the file data H432, (12) read the position where the data content 490 of the file data I433 is recorded by following the same procedure as in the above (10) to (11).

(13) Next, the partition descriptor 450 in the area of the main volume descriptor sequence 449 is reproduced, and the partition contents described in the partition descriptor 450 are used.
The information of 51 is read. The partition table usage (partition header descriptor) 451 indicates the recording position of the space table or space bitmap.

* The space table position is described in the form of a short allocation descriptor in the column of the space table 452 that is not allocated. (FIGS. 30 to 32
In the example of AD (80)). The * space bitmap position is described in the form of a short allocation descriptor in the column of the space bitmap 453 that is not allocated (AD (0) in the examples of FIGS. 30 to 32).

(14) Logical block number (0) in which the space bitmap read in (13) is described
And rewrites the “logical block number to be released” obtained as a result of the above (11) and (12) to a space bitmap descriptor.

(14 *) The logical block number (80) in which the space table read in (13) is described is accessed, and "release" obtained as a result of (11) and (12) is performed. Rewrite the "logical block number" into the space table.

In the actual processing, the above (14) or (1)
4 *).

<<<< File Data / Directory Addition Processing >>>> As an example, an access / addition processing method when newly adding file data or a directory under the subdirectory F430 will be described.

(1) When adding file data, the capacity of the file data to be added is checked, and the value is set to 2
Divide by 048 bytes to calculate the number of logical blocks required to add file data.

(2) The information of the boot descriptor 447 in the volume recognition sequence 444 area is reproduced as a boot area when the information recording / reproducing apparatus is started or when the information recording medium is mounted. The processing at the time of booting starts according to the description contents of the boot descriptor 447.

If there is no particularly specified boot process, (3) first, the main volume descriptor sequence 449
The partition descriptor 450 in the area is reproduced, and the information of the partition content usage 451 described therein is read. The partition table usage (partition header descriptor) 451 indicates the recording position of the space table or space bitmap.

* The space table position is described in the form of a short allocation descriptor in the column of the space table 452 that is not allocated (AD (80) in the examples of FIGS. 30 to 32). The * space bitmap position is described in the form of a short allocation descriptor in the column of the space bitmap 453 that is not allocated (AD (0) in the examples of FIGS. 30 to 32).

(4) Access is made to the logical block number (0) in which the space bitmap read in (3) is described. The space bitmap information is read from the space bitmap descriptor, an unrecorded logical block is searched, and the use of the logical block corresponding to the calculation result of the above (1) is registered (space bitmap descriptor information rewriting processing).

(4 *) The logical block number (80) in which the space table read in (3) is described is accessed.
An unrecorded logical block recorded in the USE (AD (*)) 471 of the space table is searched, and the use of the logical block corresponding to the calculation result of (1) is registered (space table information rewriting process). In the present invention, the address information (physical sector number) of the above-described trap area
Is removed from the USE 471. This is to prevent the trap area from being reproduced during normal reproduction.

In the actual processing, (4) or (4)
*) Is performed.

(5) Next, the information of the logical volume descriptor 454 in the main volume descriptor sequence 449 area is reproduced.

(6) Logical volume content usage 455 is described in the logical volume descriptor 454, and the logical block number indicating the position where the file set descriptor 472 is recorded is described in the long allocation descriptor (455). (FIG. 24) in the format (in the example of FIGS. 30 to 32, it is recorded in the 100th logical block from LAD (100)).

(7) Access the 100th logical block (the logical block number is 400th) and reproduce the file set descriptor 472. The root directory A425 is stored in the root directory ICB473 therein.
The location (logical block number) where the file entry relating to is recorded is a long allocation descriptor (FIG. 2).
4) in the format (in the example of FIGS. 30 to 32, L
From the AD (102), a file entry for the root directory A425 is recorded in the 102nd logical block).

The L of this root directory ICB473
According to the AD (102), (8) the 102nd logical block is accessed, and the file entry 475 for the root directory A425 is accessed.
Is read, and the position (logical block number) where the information on the contents of the root directory A425 is recorded is read (AD (103)).

(9) The 103rd logical block is accessed, and information on the contents of the root directory A 425 is reproduced.

File I for Directory D428
The D descriptor FID is searched, and the logical block number (L
AD (110)).

(10) The 110th logical block is accessed, the file entry 480 relating to the directory D428 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information relating to the contents of the directory D428 is recorded is read (AD (111)). .

(11) The 111th logical block is accessed, and information on the contents of the directory D428 is reproduced.

The file ID descriptor FID related to the subdirectory F430 is searched, and the subdirectory F430 is searched.
The logical block number (LAD (112)) in which the file entry related to is recorded is read.

(12) The 112th logical block is accessed, the file entry 482 relating to the subdirectory F430 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information relating to the contents of the subdirectory F430 is recorded is read (AD (113 )).

(13) The 113th logical block is accessed, and the file data to be newly added or the file ID descriptor FID of the directory is registered in the information on the contents of the subdirectory F430.

(14) The logical block number position registered in the above (4) or (4 *) is accessed, and a file entry relating to newly added file data or directory is described.

(15) The logical block number position indicated in the short allocation descriptor in the file entry of (14) is accessed, and the file ID descriptor FID of the parent directory relating to the directory to be added or the data content of the file data to be added Record

In FIGS. 30 to 32, LSN is an abbreviation indicating logical sector number (LSN) 491.
BN is an abbreviation indicating the logical block number (LBN) 492, and LLSN is the last logical sector number (last LS).
N) This is an abbreviation for 493.

<< Features of UDF >><Description of Features of UDF>
By comparing with the file allocation table FAT used in floppy disk FDD, magneto-optical disk MO, etc., the universal data format UDF
Will be described.

(1) FAT is a file allocation management table (file allocation table) for information recording media
Is locally concentrated on the information recording medium,
In UDF, file management information can be distributedly recorded at an arbitrary position on a disk.

Since the FAT is centrally managed in the file management area, it is suitable for applications requiring frequent changes in the file structure (mainly frequent rewriting applications). (Because it is recorded in a central location, it is easy to rewrite the management information.)
In the FAT, the recording location of the file management information is determined in advance, and therefore, it is assumed that the recording medium has high reliability (the number of defective areas is small).

In the UDF, since the file management information is distributed, the file structure is not greatly changed, and the lower part of the hierarchy (mainly the part below the root directory)
This is suitable for the purpose of adding a new file structure later (mainly for additional writing). (At the time of additional recording, there are few changed parts with respect to the previous file management information.) Further, since the recording position of the distributed file management information can be arbitrarily specified, it is possible to record while avoiding an innate defective part.

Further, since the file management information can be recorded at an arbitrary position, the advantage of the FAT can be obtained by collecting and recording all the file management information in one place, so that the file system can be considered as a more versatile file system.

(2) In UDF, the minimum unit (such as minimum logical block size and minimum logical sector size) is large.
It is suitable for recording video information and music information with a large amount of information to be recorded.

That is, the logical sector size of the FAT is 5
UDF logical sector (block) for 12 bytes
The size is as large as 2048 bytes.

In the UDF, the recording position of the file management information and file data on the disk is described in the allocation descriptor as a logical sector (block) number.

FIG. 33 is a block diagram for explaining an example of the configuration of the information recording / reproducing section 41 (physical system block) of the DVD-ROM / RAM drive.

<<<< Function Description of Information Recording / Reproducing Unit >>>><< Basic Function of Information Recording / Reproducing Unit >> Information Recording / Reproducing Unit 41
Then, new information is recorded or rewritten (including erasure of information) at a predetermined position on the information recording medium (optical disk) 10 by using a focused spot of a laser beam.

At a predetermined position on the information recording medium 10, the already recorded information is reproduced by using the focused spot of the laser beam.

<< Means for Achieving Basic Function of Information Recording / Reproducing Unit >>
> In order to achieve the above basic function, the information recording / reproducing unit traces (follows) the converging spot along the track on the information recording medium 10. The recording / reproducing / erasing of information is switched by changing the light amount (intensity) of the condensed spot irradiated on the information recording medium 10. The recording signal d supplied from the outside is converted into an optimum signal for recording at a high density and a low error rate.

<<<< Structure of Mechanism Part and Operation of Detection Part >>
>><< Basic Structure of Optical Head 202 and Signal Detection Circuit >> Signal Detection by Optical Head 202
Basically, it is composed of a semiconductor laser element as a light source, a photodetector, and an objective lens.

The laser light emitted from the semiconductor laser device is applied to an information recording medium (optical disk) 10 by an objective lens.
Focused on top. The laser light reflected by the light reflection film or the light reflection recording film of the information recording medium 10 is photoelectrically converted by a photodetector.

The detected current obtained by the photodetector is
The current-to-voltage conversion by 13 generates a detection signal. This detection signal is supplied to the focus / track error detection circuit 21.
The signal is processed by the 7 or binarization circuit 212.

Generally, the photodetector is divided into a plurality of photodetection areas, and individually detects a change in the amount of light applied to each photodetection area. The focus / track error detection circuit 217 calculates the sum / difference of the individual detection signals to detect a focus shift and a track shift.
After the focus shift and the track shift are substantially removed by this detection, a change in the amount of reflected light from the light reflecting film or the light reflective recording film of the information recording medium 10 is detected, and the signal on the information recording medium 10 is reproduced. .

<Method of Detecting Defocus> There are, for example, the following methods for optically detecting the amount of defocus: [Astigmatism method] The light reflection film or light reflection recording of the information recording medium 10 In this method, an optical element (not shown) that generates astigmatism is arranged in a detection optical path of the laser light reflected by the film, and a shape change of the laser light irradiated on the photodetector is detected. The light detection area is divided into four diagonally. The focus / track error detection circuit 217 calculates the difference between the diagonal sums of the detection signals obtained from the respective detection areas to obtain a focus error detection signal.

[Knife Edge Method] This is a method of arranging a knife edge that asymmetrically shields a part of the laser light reflected by the information recording medium 10. The light detection area is divided into two parts, and a difference between detection signals obtained from each detection area is obtained to obtain a focus error detection signal.

Normally, either the astigmatism method or the knife edge method is employed.

<Track Shift Detection Method> The information recording medium (optical disc) 10 has a spiral or concentric track, and information is recorded on the track. Information is reproduced or recorded / erased by tracing the converged spot along this track. In order to stably trace the focused spot along the track, it is necessary to optically detect the relative displacement between the track and the focused spot.

The following method is generally used as a track shift detecting method: [Differential Phase Detection Method] Reflection from a light reflecting film or a light reflecting recording film of an information recording medium (optical disk) 10. A change in the intensity distribution of the laser light on the photodetector is detected. The light detection area is divided into four on a diagonal line. The difference between the diagonal sums of the detection signals obtained from the respective detection areas in the focus / track error detection circuit 217 is obtained to obtain a track error detection signal.

[Push-Pull Method] A change in intensity distribution of a laser beam reflected by the information recording medium 10 on a photodetector is detected. The light detection area is divided into two parts, and a track error detection signal is obtained by taking the difference between the detection signals obtained from each detection area.

[Twin-Spot Method] A diffraction element or the like is arranged in a light transmission system between the semiconductor laser element and the information recording medium 10 to split light into a plurality of wavefronts, and the information recording medium 1
A change in the reflected light amount of the ± 1st-order diffracted light irradiated on the zero is detected. A light detection area for individually detecting the reflected light amount of the + 1st-order diffracted light and the reflected light amount of the -1st-order diffracted light is arranged separately from the light detection area for detecting the reproduction signal. Get.

<Objective Lens Actuator Structure> The laser light emitted from the semiconductor laser device is
The objective lens (not shown) that condenses the light has a structure that can move in two axial directions according to the output current of the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218. There are the following two moving directions of the objective lens. That is, it moves in a direction perpendicular to the information recording medium 10 for focus shift correction, and moves in a radial direction of the information recording medium 10 for track shift correction.

The objective lens moving mechanism (not shown) is called an objective lens actuator. For example, the following are often used as the objective lens actuator structure: [Axis sliding method] A method in which a blade integral with the objective lens moves along a central axis (shaft), and the blade moves along the central axis. In this method, the focus shift is corrected by moving in the direction indicated by the arrow, and the track shift is corrected by rotating the blade with respect to the central axis.

[Four Wire Method] In this method, the blade integrated with the objective lens is connected to the fixed system by four wires, and the blade is moved in two axial directions by utilizing the elastic deformation of the wire.

Each of the above methods has a structure in which a permanent magnet and a coil are provided, and the blade is moved by passing a current through the coil connected to the blade.

<< Rotation Control System of Information Recording Medium 10 >> The information recording medium (optical disk) 10 is mounted on the rotating table 221 which is rotated by the driving force of the spindle motor 204.

[0309] The number of rotations of the information recording medium 10 is detected by a reproduction signal obtained from the information recording medium 10. That is, the detection signal (analog signal) of the output of the amplifier 213 is 2
The signal is converted into a digital signal by the value conversion circuit 212, and a fixed period signal (reference clock signal) is generated from the signal by the PLL circuit 211. Information recording medium rotation speed detection circuit 2
At 14, the number of rotations of the information recording medium 10 is detected using this signal, and the value is output.

On the information recording medium 10, reproduction / recording /
A correspondence table of the number of revolutions of the information recording medium corresponding to the radial position to be erased is recorded in the semiconductor memory 219 in advance. When the reproducing position or the recording / erasing position is determined, the control unit 220 sets the target rotation speed of the information recording medium 10 with reference to the information of the semiconductor memory 219, and notifies the spindle motor driving circuit 215 of the value.

[0311] The spindle motor drive circuit 215 obtains the difference between the target rotation speed and the output signal (current rotation speed) of the information recording medium rotation speed detection circuit 214, and outputs a drive current according to the result to the spindle motor 204. To control the rotation speed of the spindle motor 204 to be constant. The output signal of the information recording medium rotation speed detection circuit 214 is a pulse signal having a frequency corresponding to the rotation speed of the information recording medium 10, and is output from the spindle motor drive circuit 215.
Then, control (frequency control and phase control) is performed on both the frequency and the pulse phase of the pulse signal.

<< Optical Head Moving Mechanism >> This mechanism has an optical head moving mechanism (feed motor) 203 for moving the optical head 202 in the radial direction of the information recording medium 10.

As a guide mechanism for moving the optical head 202, a rod-shaped guide shaft is often used.
In this guide mechanism, this guide shaft and the optical head 2
The optical head 202 is moved by using friction between bushes attached to a part of the optical head 202. In addition, there is a method of using a bearing in which a frictional force is reduced by using a rotary motion.

Although a driving force transmitting method for moving the optical head 202 is not shown, a rotating motor having a pinion (rotating gear) is arranged in a fixed system, and a rack, which is a linear gear meshing with the pinion, is driven by an optical system. The optical head 202 is arranged on the side surface of the head 202 to convert the rotational motion of the rotary motor into a linear motion of the optical head 202. As another driving force transmission method, a linear motor system in which a permanent magnet is arranged in a fixed system and an electric current is applied to a coil arranged in the optical head 202 to move the coil in a linear direction may be used.

In either the rotary motor or the linear motor, basically, a current is supplied to the feed motor to
A driving force for two movements is generated. This drive current is supplied from the feed motor drive circuit 216.

<<<< Functions of Control Circuits >>>><< Condensed Spot Trace Control >> In accordance with the output signal (detection signal) of the focus / track error detection circuit 217 to perform focus shift correction or track shift correction. A circuit that supplies a drive current to an objective lens actuator (not shown) in the optical head 202 is the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218. This drive circuit 2
Reference numeral 18 includes a phase compensation circuit for improving characteristics in accordance with the frequency characteristics of the objective lens actuator in order to make the objective lens move quickly in a high frequency range.

Objective lens actuator drive circuit 218
Then, in response to a command from the control unit 220, (a) on / off processing of a focus / track deviation correction operation (focus / track loop); and (b) a vertical direction (focus direction) of the information recording medium 10.
(C) moving the objective lens at low speed (executed when the focus / track loop is off); and (c) slightly moving the objective lens in the radial direction of the information recording medium 10 (the direction across the track) using a kick pulse. And moving the focused spot to the next track.

<< Laser Light Amount Control >><Switching Process between Reproduction and Recording / Erase> Switching between reproduction and recording / erasing is performed by changing the light intensity of a condensed spot irradiated onto the information recording medium 10.

For an information recording medium using the phase change method, the following relationship is generally established: [light quantity at the time of recording]> [light quantity at the time of erasing]> [light quantity at the time of reproduction]. For an information recording medium using a magnetic system, there is generally a relationship of [light quantity at the time of recording] [light quantity at the time of erasing]> [light quantity at the time of reproduction] (2). In the case of the magneto-optical method, the recording and erasing processes are controlled by changing the polarity of an external magnetic field (not shown) applied to the information recording medium 10 during recording / erasing.

At the time of reproducing information, the information recording medium 10 is continuously irradiated with a constant amount of light.

When recording new information, a pulsed intermittent light amount is added to the light amount at the time of reproduction. When the semiconductor laser element emits a pulse with a large amount of light, the light reflective recording film of the information recording medium 10 locally causes an optical change or a shape change, and a recording mark is formed. Similarly, when overwriting an area already recorded, the semiconductor laser element is caused to emit pulse light.

When erasing already recorded information, a constant light amount larger than that at the time of reproduction is continuously irradiated. In the case where information is continuously erased, the irradiation light amount is returned at the time of reproduction in a specific cycle such as a sector unit, and the information is intermittently reproduced in parallel with the erasing process. Thus, the erasing process is performed while confirming that there is no error in the erasing track by reproducing the track number or address of the track to be erased intermittently.

<Laser Emission Control> Although not shown, the optical head 202 has a built-in photodetector for detecting the light emission amount of the semiconductor laser element. In the laser driving circuit 205, the photodetector output (detection signal of the light emission amount of the semiconductor laser element) and the recording / reproducing / erasing control waveform generation circuit 2
The difference from the light emission reference signal given from step 06 is obtained, and the drive current to the semiconductor laser is feedback-controlled based on the result.

<<<< Operations Related to Control System of Mechanism Part >>
>><< Start Control >> When the information recording medium (optical disk) 10 is mounted on the turntable 221 and the start control is started, processing according to the following procedure is performed.

(1) The target rotation speed is transmitted from the control unit 220 to the spindle motor drive circuit 215, and a drive current is supplied from the spindle motor drive circuit 215 to the spindle motor 204, and the spindle motor 204 starts rotating.

(2) At the same time, a command (execution command) is issued from the control unit 220 to the feed motor drive circuit 216, and a drive current is supplied from the feed motor drive circuit 216 to the optical head drive mechanism (feed motor) 203. Then, the optical head 202 moves to the innermost position on the information recording medium 10.
As a result, it is confirmed that the optical head 202 is located further inward than the area of the information recording medium 10 where the information is recorded.

(3) When the spindle motor 204 reaches the target rotation speed, its status (status report) is sent to the control unit 220.

(4) A current is supplied from the semiconductor laser driving circuit 205 to the semiconductor laser element in the optical head 202 in accordance with the reproduced light amount signal sent from the control section 220 to the recording / reproducing / erasing control waveform generating circuit 206. Then, laser emission starts.

The optimum irradiation light quantity at the time of reproduction differs depending on the type of the information recording medium (optical disc) 10. At the time of startup, the value corresponding to the lowest value of the irradiation light amount is
The current value supplied to the semiconductor laser device is set.

(5) In accordance with a command from the control unit 220, the objective lens (not shown) in the optical head 202 is shifted to the position farthest from the information recording medium 10 and the objective lens is slowly brought closer to the information recording medium 10. The objective lens actuator drive circuit 218 controls the objective lens.

(6) At the same time, the focus / track error detection circuit 217 monitors the amount of defocus, and outputs a status when the objective lens comes near the in-focus position. This is notified to the control unit 220.

(7) Upon receiving the notification, the control section 220 issues a command to the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218 to turn on the focus loop.

(8) The control section 220 issues a command to the feed motor drive circuit 216 while keeping the focus loop on, and slowly moves the optical head 202 to the information recording medium 10.
In the direction of the outer peripheral portion of.

(9) At the same time, the reproduction signal from the optical head 202 is monitored, and when the optical head 202 reaches the recording area on the information recording medium 10, the movement of the optical head 202 is stopped. Command to turn on the track loop.

(10) Subsequently, the “optimum light amount during reproduction” and “record / record
The “optimum light quantity at the time of erasing” is reproduced, and the information is
0 is recorded in the semiconductor memory 219.

(11) Further, the control unit 220 sends a signal corresponding to the “optimum light quantity at the time of reproduction” to the recording / reproduction / erase control waveform generation circuit 206 to reset the light emission quantity of the semiconductor laser element at the time of reproduction. I do.

(12) The light emission amount of the semiconductor laser element at the time of recording / erasing is set in accordance with the “optimum light amount at the time of recording / erasing” recorded on the information recording medium 10.

<< Access Control >> Information about where the access destination information recorded on the information recording medium 10 is recorded and what kind of content the reproduction destination information recording medium 10 has is described in the information recording medium. Differs depending on the type of 10 For example, in a DVD disk, this information is recorded in a directory management area or a navigation pack in the information recording medium 10.

Here, the directory management area is usually recorded collectively in the inner peripheral area or the outer peripheral area of the information recording medium 10. The navigation pack is M
Recorded in a data unit called VOBU (Video Object Unit) in a VOBS (Video Object Set) conforming to the data structure of PS (Program Stream) of PEG2 and records information on where the next video is recorded doing.

To reproduce or record / delete specific information, the information in the above-mentioned area is reproduced first, and the access destination is determined from the information obtained therefrom.

<Coarse Access Control> The control unit 220 calculates the radius position of the access destination by calculation, and
Calculate the distance between the position.

The speed curve information that can be reached in the shortest time with respect to the moving distance of the optical head 202 is stored in advance in the semiconductor memory 21.
9 are recorded. The control unit 220 reads the information, and according to the speed curve, uses the optical head 2 in the following method.
02 movement control is performed.

That is, after the control section 220 issues a command to the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218 to turn off the track loop, the feed motor drive circuit 21
6 to start the movement of the optical head 202.

When the focused spot crosses the track on the information recording medium 10, a track error detection signal is generated in the focus / track error detection circuit 217. Using this track error detection signal, the relative speed of the focused spot with respect to the information recording medium 10 can be detected.

The feed motor drive circuit 216 calculates the difference between the relative speed of the condensed spot obtained from the focus / track error detection circuit 217 and the target speed information sent one by one from the control section 220. The optical head 202 is moved while performing feedback control on the drive current to the drive mechanism (feed motor) 203.

As described in the above << optical head moving mechanism >>, frictional force always acts between the guide shaft and the bush or bearing. Dynamic friction acts when the optical head 202 is moving at high speed, but static friction acts at the start and immediately before the stop because the moving speed of the optical head 202 is low. When this static friction acts (particularly immediately before stopping), the frictional force is relatively increasing. To cope with this increase in frictional force, an optical head drive mechanism (feed motor) 20
3 so that the current supplied to the control unit 220 increases.
Increases the gain (gain) of the control system in response to a command from.

<Fine Access Control> When the optical head 202 reaches the target position, the control unit 220 issues a command to the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218 to turn on the track loop.

The focused spot reproduces the address or track number of that part while tracing along the track on the information recording medium 10.

The current focus spot position is determined from the address or track number, the number of error tracks from the target position is calculated in the control unit 220, and the number of tracks required for moving the focus spot is determined by the objective lens actuator. Notify the drive circuit 218.

The objective lens actuator drive circuit 218
When a set of kick pulses is generated within the above, the objective lens slightly moves in the radial direction of the information recording medium 10, and the focused spot moves to the next track.

Objective lens actuator drive circuit 218
Inside, the track loop is temporarily turned off and the control unit 2
After the number of kick pulses generated according to the information from 20 is generated, the track loop is turned on again.

After the fine access is completed, the control section 220 reproduces information (address or track number) of the position traced by the condensed spot and confirms that the target track is being accessed.

<< Continuous Recording / Reproduction / Erase Control >> The track error detection signal output from the focus / track error detection circuit 217 is input to the feed motor drive circuit 216. During the “start control” and the “access control”, the control unit 220 controls the feed motor drive circuit 216 so as not to use the track error detection signal.

After confirming that the condensed spot has reached the target track by access, a part of the track error detection signal is transmitted by the command from the control unit 220 via the motor drive circuit 216 to the optical head drive mechanism (feeding unit). Motor 203 is supplied as a drive current. This control is continued during the period in which the reproduction or the recording / erasing process is continuously performed.

The information recording medium 10 is mounted with an eccentricity slightly shifted from the center position of the rotary table 221. When a part of the track error detection signal is supplied as a drive current, the entire optical head 202 slightly moves in accordance with the eccentricity.

When the reproduction or recording / erasing process is continuously performed for a long time, the position of the converged spot gradually moves in the outer circumferential direction or the inner circumferential direction. When a part of the track error detection signal is supplied as a drive current to the optical head moving mechanism (feed motor) 203, the optical head 20
2 gradually moves in the outer circumferential direction or the inner circumferential direction.

As described above, the track loop can be stabilized by reducing the burden of correcting the track shift of the objective lens actuator.

<< End Control >> When a series of processing is completed and the operation is ended, the processing is performed according to the following procedure.

(1) The control unit 220 issues a command to the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218 to turn off the track loop.

(2) The control unit 220 issues a command to the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218 to turn off the focus loop.

(3) The control unit 220 issues a command to the recording / reproducing / erasing control waveform generation circuit 206 to stop the light emission of the semiconductor laser device.

(4) The spindle motor drive circuit 215 is notified of 0 as the reference rotation speed.

<<< Flow of Recorded / Reproduced Signal on Information Recording Medium >>>><< Flow of Signal During Reproduction >><Binarization / PLL Circuit><Signal Detection by Optical Head 202> As described above, the signal on the information recording medium 10 is reproduced by detecting a change in the amount of light reflected from the light reflecting film or the light reflecting recording film of the information recording medium (optical disc) 10. The signal obtained by the amplifier 213 has an analog waveform. The binarizing circuit 212 uses a comparator to convert the analog signal into a binary signal consisting of “1” and “0”.
Convert the value into a digital signal.

From the reproduction signal obtained by the binarization circuit 212, the PLL circuit 211 extracts a reference signal for information reproduction. That is, the PLL circuit 211 has a built-in variable frequency oscillator, and outputs a pulse signal (reference clock) output from the oscillator to the binarizing circuit 21.
A comparison of frequency and phase is made between the two output signals. By feeding back the comparison result to the oscillator output, a reference signal at the time of information reproduction is extracted.

<Demodulation of Signal> The demodulation circuit 210 has a built-in conversion table indicating the relationship between the modulated signal and the demodulated signal. The demodulation circuit 210 is a PLL circuit 21
The input signal (modulated signal) is returned to the original signal (demodulated signal) while referring to the conversion table in accordance with the reference clock obtained in step 1. The demodulated signal is recorded in the semiconductor memory 219.

<Error Correction Processing> Error Correction Circuit 209
, An error point is detected for the signal stored in the semiconductor memory 219 using the inner code PI and the outer code PO, and a pointer flag of the error point is set. Thereafter, while reading the signal from the semiconductor memory 219, the signal at the error location is sequentially corrected in accordance with the error pointer flag, and the corrected information is recorded in the semiconductor memory 219 again.

When the information reproduced from the information recording medium 10 is externally output as a reproduction signal c, the semiconductor memory 2
The inner code PI and the outer code PO are removed from the error-corrected information recorded in the data 19 and transferred to the data I / O interface 222 via the bus line 224.

Then, the data I / O interface 2
22 outputs the signal sent from the error correction circuit 209 as a reproduction signal c.

<< Signal Format Recorded on Information Recording Medium 10 >> Signals recorded on information recording medium 10 are required to satisfy the following: (a) Information recording medium (B) To simplify the reproduction processing circuit by setting the DC component of the reproduction signal to "0"; (c) To make the information recording medium 10 To record information as densely as possible.

In order to satisfy the above requirements, the information recording / reproducing unit (physical block) 101 performs “addition of an error correction function” and “signal conversion (modulation / demodulation of signal) for recorded information”.

<< Signal Flow During Recording >><Error Correction Code ECC Addition Processing> The error correction code ECC addition processing will be described.

The information d to be recorded on the information recording medium 10 is
In the form of a raw signal, it is input to the data I / O interface 222 of FIG. This recording signal d is recorded in the semiconductor memory 219 as it is. Thereafter, the following ECC addition processing is executed in the ECC encoder 208.

Hereinafter, a specific example of the ECC adding method using the product code will be described.

The recording signal d is stored in the semiconductor memory 219.
One line is sequentially arranged every 172 bytes.
A set of ECC blocks (172 byte rows × 192)
The amount of information is about 32 kbytes in a byte string).

This “172 byte row × 192 byte string”
The 10-byte inner code PI is calculated for each row of 172 bytes for the raw signal (recording signal d) in a set of ECC blocks composed of the following, and additionally recorded in the semiconductor memory 219. Furthermore, an outer code P of 16 bytes for each column in byte units
O is calculated and additionally recorded in the semiconductor memory 219.

Then, 12 rows (12 × (172 + 10) bytes) including the 10-byte inner code PI and the outer code P
A total of 23 for one row of O (1 × (172 + 10) bytes)
The information subjected to the error correction code ECC addition processing is recorded in one sector of the information recording medium 10 in units of 66 bytes (= (12 + 1) × (172 + 10)).

[0377] When the addition of the inner code PI and the outer code PO is completed, the ECC encoder 208 transfers the information to the semiconductor memory 219 once.

In the case where information is recorded on the information recording medium 10, 2366 of one sector is read from the semiconductor memory 219.
The signal of each byte is transferred to the modulation circuit 207.

<Signal Modulation> The DC component (DS
V: Digital Sum Value or Digital Sum Variation)
Is approached to “0”, and in order to record information on the information recording medium 10 at high density, signal modulation, which is a conversion of a signal format, is performed in the modulation circuit 207.

Modulation circuit 207 and demodulation circuit 2 in FIG.
Each has a built-in conversion table indicating the relationship between the original signal and the modulated signal.

The modulation circuit 207 is provided for the ECC encoder 20
8 is divided into a plurality of bits according to a predetermined modulation scheme, and converted into another signal (code) with reference to the conversion table.

For example, when 8/16 modulation (RLL (2, 10) code) is used as a modulation method, there are two types of conversion tables, and a DC component (DSV) after modulation is provided.
The reference conversion table is switched one by one so that approaches 0.

<Recording Waveform Generation> When recording a recording mark on the information recording medium (optical disk) 10, the following recording method is generally employed: [Mark length recording method] Front end of recording mark "1" comes to the position and rear terminal position.

[Recording method between marks] A recording mark whose center position matches the position of "1".

[0385] When mark length recording is adopted, it is necessary to form a relatively long recording mark. In this case, if the information recording medium 10 is continuously irradiated with a large amount of light for recording for a certain period of time or more, only the rear portion of the mark is widened due to the heat storage effect of the light reflective recording film of the information recording medium 10, and the “raindrop”
A recording mark having a shape is formed. In order to eliminate this adverse effect, when forming a long recording mark,
Measures such as dividing the recording laser drive signal into a plurality of recording pulses and changing the recording waveform of the recording laser stepwise are taken.

Recording / reproducing / erasing control waveform generating circuit 206
Inside, the above-described recording waveform is created according to the recording signal sent from the modulation circuit 207, and a drive signal having this recording waveform is sent to the semiconductor laser drive circuit 205.

Next, the flow of signals between blocks in the configuration of FIG. 33 will be summarized.

1) Input of Raw Signal to be Recorded to Information Recording / Reproducing Apparatus FIG. 33 summarizes portions related to information recording and reproduction processing on the information recording medium (optical disc) 10 in the information recording / reproducing apparatus. 2 illustrates a configuration inside an information recording / reproducing unit (physical system block). PC (personal computer) and EWS (engineering workstation)
Recording signal d sent from the host computer such as
Is input into the information recording / reproducing unit (physical block) 101 via the data I / O interface 222.

2) Dividing process of recording signal d every 2048 bytes The data I / O interface 222 divides the recording signal d into 2048 bytes in a time series and adds a data ID and the like, and then performs a scrambling process. The resulting signal is sent to ECC encoder 208 in FIG.

3) Creation of ECC Block The ECC encoder 208 shown in FIG. 33 collects 16 sets of signals after scrambled to the recording signal, and collects "17"
After creating a block of “2 bytes × 192 columns”, the inner code P
I (internal parity code) and outer code PO (external parity code) are added.

4) Interleave processing The ECC encoder 208 shown in FIG.
O interleave processing is performed.

5) Signal Modulation Processing The modulation circuit 207 of FIG. 33 modulates the signal after the interleaving of the outer code PO and adds a synchronization code as shown in FIG.

6) Recording Waveform Generation Processing A recording / reproduction / erase control waveform generation circuit 206 generates a recording waveform corresponding to the signal obtained as a result, and the recording waveform is sent to the laser drive circuit 205.

Information recording medium (DVD-RAM disk)
In No. 10, since the method of “mark length recording” is adopted, the rising timing of the recording pulse and the falling timing of the recording pulse coincide with the “1” timing of the modulated signal.

7) Recording process on the information recording medium (optical disc) 10 The amount of laser light emitted from the optical head 202 and condensed on the recording film of the information recording medium (optical disc) 10 changes intermittently. A recording mark is formed on a recording film of a recording medium (optical disc) 201.

Next, an illegal copy detection method will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the unauthorized copy detection device. FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the unauthorized copy detection method.

In the case of a DVD-ROM disk, as shown in FIG. 10, the address information (physical sector number) of the trap area is encrypted and recorded in the content provider information 817 in the lead-in area 800. On the other hand, in the case of a DVD-RAM disc, as shown in FIG. 17, the address information (physical sector number) of the trap area is encrypted and recorded in the control data zone of the emboss data zone of the lead-in area.

As shown in FIG. 6, the unauthorized copy detecting device includes an information recording / reproducing section 41, a decryption section (decryption section) 42,
The system includes a system control unit 43, an interface unit 44, and an encryption key storage unit 45. Incidentally, the information recording / reproducing unit 41 has already been described with reference to FIG.

First, based on an instruction from the system control unit 43, the information recording / reproducing unit 41 uses the information recording medium 10 (DV
The encrypted address information is read from a D-ROM disk or a DVD-RAM disk (ST1).
In the unauthorized copy detection device of the present invention, the encryption key storage unit 45
The encryption key for decryption is recorded in advance. Then, the decryption unit (decryption unit) 4
2, a decryption encryption key is transferred (ST2).
Next, the encrypted address information is decrypted by the decryption unit (decryption unit) 42. That is, the information recording medium 10
Upper trap area address information (physical sector number)
Is read (decoded) (ST3).

[0400] Based on the decoded address information, the optical head 202 (Fig. 33) accesses the vicinity of the trap area on the information recording medium 10, and reproduces the information near the trap area (ST4). Information on the trap area detected from the information recording medium 10 (for example, the sector c shown in FIG. 8)
23 sector number 862) is reproduced, and based on the reproduction information, it is determined whether or not the information recording medium 10 has been illegally copied (ST5). That is, as described above, since the illegal copy information has a predetermined characteristic, the illegal copy information can be distinguished by detecting this characteristic. The detection of the predetermined feature found in the unauthorized copy information and the determination of the determination of the unauthorized copy information based on the detection result of the predetermined feature are performed by the unauthorized copy detection unit 46.
It shall be performed by.

For example, when the first or second trap area operates (when data on the same track is repeatedly reproduced), the information recorded in the first or second trap area is included in the illegal copy information. Multiple will be included.
That is, the illegal copy information includes a plurality of pieces of address information of the first or second trap area. When the third trap area operates (when an unreasonable track jump operates), the illegal copy information includes discontinuous data. In this case, the address information is disturbed due to an unreasonable track jump. Fourth, fifth,
Alternatively, when the sixth trap area operates, the illegal copy information includes disturbance of the address information. By detecting these features, illegal copy information can be identified.

As described above, according to the present invention,
By a very easy method of forming a trap area on an information recording medium, it is possible to prevent a disc from being easily copied. In addition, by providing a trap area at a position where reproduction is not performed during normal reproduction, reproduction processing can be performed without being affected by the trap area during normal reproduction. Furthermore, on the information recording medium,
Encrypted address information indicating the position of the trap area is recorded, and by using this address information, illegally copied information can be detected.

When reproducing the information recording medium, the condensed beam may deviate from the track due to dust or scratches on the medium other than the influence of the trap area.
When such a situation occurs during disk copying, the same physical sector number is recorded at a plurality of locations on the information recording medium at the copy destination. In the present invention, since the address information indicating the position of the trap area is recorded, the same physical sector number is recorded at a plurality of locations due to the influence of the trap area, or the same physical sector number is recorded at a plurality of locations except for the influence of the trap area. It is possible to identify whether the physical sector number has been recorded.

[0404]

According to the present invention, the following information recording medium with a copy protection function, an unauthorized copy detection device, and an unauthorized copy detection method can be provided.

(1) An information recording medium with a copy protection function that can make disk copying difficult.

(2) An information recording medium with a copy protection function capable of contributing to detection of illegal copy information illegally copied to a disk.

(3) An illegal copy detection device capable of detecting illegal copy information illegally copied to a disk.

(4) An illegal copy detection method capable of detecting illegal copy information illegally copied to a disk.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the outline of first and second trap areas.

FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an outline of second and third trap areas.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an outline of a fourth trap area.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an outline of a fifth trap area.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining an outline of a sixth trap area.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an unauthorized copy detection device.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure of an unauthorized copy detection method.

FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of a first trap area.

FIG. 9 is a diagram schematically showing a data structure of a DVD-ROM disc.

FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically showing a data structure of a lead-in area of a DVD-ROM disc.

FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining the contents of physical format information in a lead-in area of a DVD-ROM disc.

FIG. 12 ECC recorded on a DVD-ROM disc
It is a figure showing the outline of a block.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a data structure of a sector recorded on a DVD-ROM.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a data structure of an ID included in a sector recorded on a DVD-ROM.

FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining the concept of a zone in a DVD-RAM disk.

FIG. 16 is a diagram schematically showing a data structure of a DVD-RAM disc.

FIG. 17 is a diagram schematically showing a data structure of a lead-in area and a lead-out area of a DVD-RAM disk.

FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining details of a data area of a DVD-RAM disc.

FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a data structure of a sector recorded on a DVD-RAM.

FIG. 20 shows an ECC recorded on a DVD-RAM disk
It is a figure showing the outline of a block.

FIG. 21 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between zones and groups in a data area of a DVD-RAM disk.

FIG. 22 is a diagram for explaining a method of setting a logical sector in a data area of a DVD-RAM disk.

FIG. 23 is a diagram for explaining a basic relationship between a hierarchical file system structure and information content recorded on an information storage medium (DVD-RAM disc).

FIG. 24 is a diagram for describing the description contents of a long allocation descriptor indicating a recording position of a continuous sector aggregate (extent) on an information storage medium (DVD-RAM disk).

FIG. 25 is a diagram for describing the description contents of a short allocation descriptor indicating the recording position of a continuous sector aggregate (extent) on an information storage medium (DVD-RAM disk).

FIG. 26 is a diagram for explaining the content of a description sentence used as a space entry for searching for an unrecorded continuous sector aggregate (unrecorded extent) on an information storage medium (DVD-RAM disk).

FIG. 27 is a diagram for extracting and explaining a part of a description content of a file entry for displaying a recording position of a specified file in a file structure having a hierarchical structure.

FIG. 28 is a diagram for describing a part of a file ID descriptor that describes information of a file (root directory, subdirectory, file data, etc.) in a file structure having a hierarchical structure.

FIG. 29 is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a file system having a hierarchical structure.

FIG. 30 shows a universal disk format (UD
F) Information storage medium (DVD-RAM disk)
FIG. 4 is a first partial diagram for describing an example of a case where a file system is constructed above.

FIG. 31 shows a universal disc format (UD
F) Information storage medium (DVD-RAM disk)
FIG. 9 is a second partial diagram for describing an example of a case where a file system is constructed above.

FIG. 32: Universal disc format (UD
F) Information storage medium (DVD-RAM disk)
FIG. 14 is a third partial diagram for describing an example of a case where a file system is constructed above.

FIG. 33 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of an information recording / reproducing unit of a DVD-ROM / RAM drive.

[Explanation of symbols]

 T1 first trap area T2 second trap area T3 third trap area T4 fourth trap area T5 fifth trap area T6 sixth trap area 41 information recording / reproducing section 42 Decryption unit (decryption unit) 43 System control unit 44 Interface unit 45 Encryption key storage unit 202 Optical head 203 Optical head moving mechanism (feed motor) 204 Spindle motor 205 Semiconductor laser drive circuit 206: a recording / reproducing / erasing control waveform generation circuit; 207: a modulation circuit; 208: an ECC encoder; 209: an error correction circuit; 210: a demodulation circuit; 211: a PLL circuit; 214 ... medium (optical disk) rotation speed detection circuit; 215 ... spindle motor drive circuit; 216 ... Feed motor drive circuit; 217 focus / tracking error detection circuit; 218 objective lens actuator drive circuit; 219 semiconductor memory; 220 control unit; 221 turntable (rotary table); 222 data I / O interface;

Claims (20)

[Claims] 1. An information recording medium for recording predetermined information, an information recording area for recording the predetermined information, and all information including the predetermined information recorded on the information recording medium. An information recording medium with a copy protection function, comprising: a trap area that causes confusion in a copying apparatus. 2. A recording medium for recording predetermined information, wherein the area is reproduced when the predetermined information is reproduced,
An information recording area for recording the predetermined information, and an apparatus for copying all information including the predetermined information recorded on the information recording medium, the area being not reproduced when the predetermined information is reproduced. An information recording medium with a copy protection function, comprising: a trap area that causes confusion; 3. An information recording medium for recording predetermined information, comprising: a lead-in area for recording information necessary for reproducing the information recording medium; and an area provided outside the lead-in area; An area that is reproduced when the predetermined information is reproduced,
An information recording area for recording the predetermined information, an area provided in the lead-in area, and an area that is not reproduced when the predetermined information is reproduced, and is recorded on the information recording medium. An information recording medium with a copy protection function, comprising: a trap area that causes confusion in a device that copies all information including the predetermined information. 4. An information recording medium for recording predetermined information, comprising: an information recording area for recording the predetermined information; and an area provided in the information recording area, for reproducing the predetermined information. A copy-protection area, which is sometimes an area that is not reproduced, and that causes confusion in a device that attempts to copy all information including the predetermined information recorded on the information recording medium. Information recording medium with functions. 5. The information recording area has a spiral track, and the trap area has a spirally broken track. An information recording medium with a copy protection function according to claim 4. 6. The information recording area has a spiral track continuous over a predetermined length, and the trap area has a track forming an endless track. 5. The information recording medium with a copy protection function according to claim 3 or claim 4. 7. The information recording area according to claim 1, wherein the information recording area has a spiral track continuous over a predetermined length, and the trap area has a concentric track. 7. The information recording medium with a copy protection function according to claim 3, 4, or 6. 8. The information recording area has a spiral track continuous over a predetermined length, and the trap area has a track not continuous over a predetermined length. 8. The information recording medium with a copy protection function according to claim 3, claim 4, claim 6, or claim 7. 9. The information recording area according to claim 1, wherein only the information recording area of the information recording area and the trap area has an address area in which address information indicating a position on the information recording medium is recorded. The information recording medium with a copy protection function according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, or 8. 10. The information recording area has a first address area in which true address information indicating a position on the information recording medium is recorded, and the trap area has a position on the information recording medium. A second address area in which irrelevant fake address information is recorded, wherein the second address area is recorded. An information recording medium with a copy protection function according to claim 7 or claim 8. 11. The information recording area has a first address area in which true address information indicating a position on the information recording medium is recorded, and the trap area actually exists on the information recording medium. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a second address area in which duplicate address information overlapping with the true address information indicating the position of the area is recorded. The information recording medium with a copy protection function according to claim 5, claim 6, claim 7, or claim 8. 12. An apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an address management area in which true address information indicating a position of said trap area on said information recording medium is recorded. An information recording medium with a copy protection function according to claim 4, claim 5, claim 6, claim 6, claim 7, claim 8, claim 9, claim 10, or claim 11. 13. A reproducing means for reproducing information recorded on an information recording medium, and information recorded on the information recording medium is illegally copied based on the reproduced information reproduced by the reproducing means. An unauthorized copy detection device, comprising: unauthorized copy detection means for detecting whether the information corresponds to copy information. 14. The unauthorized copy detecting means detects whether or not information recorded on the information recording medium corresponds to illegally copied illegally copied information, based on address information included in the reproduction information. The unauthorized copy detection device according to claim 13, further comprising a detection unit that performs the detection. 15. An unauthorized copy detecting means, comprising: detecting means for detecting disturbance of address information included in the reproduction information; and recording the information on the information recording medium when the detecting means detects disturbance in the address information. 14. The unauthorized copy detection device according to claim 13, further comprising: a determination unit configured to determine that the performed information corresponds to unauthorized copy information that has been illegally copied. 16. An unauthorized copy detecting means for detecting duplication of address information included in the reproduction information, and recording on the information recording medium when the duplication of the address information is detected by the detecting means. 14. The unauthorized copy detection device according to claim 13, further comprising: a determination unit configured to determine that the performed information corresponds to unauthorized copy information that has been illegally copied. 17. A first step for reproducing information recorded on an information recording medium, and information recorded on the information recording medium is illegally based on the reproduced information reproduced in the first step. A second step of detecting whether the information corresponds to the copied illegal copy information. 18. The method according to claim 18, wherein the second step detects whether or not the information recorded on the information recording medium corresponds to illegally copied information which has been illegally copied, based on the address information included in the reproduction information. The illegal copy detection method according to claim 17, further comprising a third step of: 19. The method according to claim 19, wherein the second step is a step of detecting a disturbance of the address information included in the reproduction information, and the step of detecting the disturbance in the address information by the third step. The method according to claim 17, further comprising: a fourth step of determining that the information recorded on the recording medium corresponds to the illegally copied illegally copied information. 20. The method according to claim 20, wherein the second step detects a duplication of the address information included in the reproduction information, and the duplication of the address information is detected when the duplication of the address information is detected in the third step. The method according to claim 17, further comprising: a fourth step of determining that the information recorded on the recording medium corresponds to the illegally copied illegally copied information.