JP3353247B2 - Information recording method and recording apparatus, information storage medium and reproduction method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an information recording method for continuously recording information such as video information and / or audio information on an information information storage medium without any logical interruption, and to enable the recording. And an information recording / reproducing apparatus.
The present invention also includes contents related to an information storage medium having a data structure for enabling information recorded based on the recording method to be continuously reproduced.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As an information storage medium on which video information or audio information is recorded, an LD (laser disk) or a DV is used.
There is a D video disc. However, the above-mentioned information storage medium is read-only, and there is no defective area on the information storage medium. D as a medium for recording computer information
VD-RAM disks exist. This medium can be additionally recorded, and an alternative processing method for a defective area generated on the information storage medium has been established.

As a method of replacing a defective area when computer information is recorded on a RAM disk, there is a method called linear replacement processing.

In this process, when there is a defective area, an alternative area in a spare area (Spare Area) secured in another area physically separated from the user area is secured. This is a method of setting a logical block number (LBN). In this method, when information is recorded or reproduced on a disk, if an optical head has a defective area in the middle of recording or reproduction on the disk, data is recorded or recorded in a spare area at a physically separated position. And then return to the point where it left off and record the rest of the data. For this purpose, the optical head must be moved frequently (see FIG. 16D).

[0005]

[0006]

[0007]

For example, consider the case where video information or audio information according to the recording format of a DVD video disc is recorded on a DVD-RAM disc. As mentioned above, as a defect handling (alternative) method,
In the case of performing the Linear Replacement processing, when a defective ECC block is encountered during recording, the optical head needs to reciprocate between a User Area 723 and a Spare Area 724, which will be described later. If the access operation of the optical head is frequently performed at the time of recording as described above, the amount of video information stored in the buffer memory is determined due to the relationship between the transfer speed and amount of input data, the access time for recording, and the capacity of the buffer memory. Exceeds the memory capacity, making continuous recording impossible.

[0008] In addition, recording and playback application software 1
In the layer, we want to manage the video information to be recorded without being bothered by the defect management on the information storage medium. However, if a large number of defect areas occur on the information storage medium, the conventional method uses recording and playback application software. The effect of a defect on the information storage medium spreads to the layer 1, and stable video information management becomes difficult.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a recording method capable of stably performing continuous recording without being affected even if a large number of defective areas exist on an information storage medium, and an information recording method using the method. A playback device is provided. Another object of the present invention is to provide an information storage medium (and a data structure of information recorded therein) in which information is recorded in a format most suitable for the stable continuous recording.

Further, even if a large number of defective areas exist on the information storage medium, video information management can be performed stably without imposing a burden on the recording / reproducing application software layer (without causing the recording / reproducing application software layer to perform defect management). The next object of the present invention is to provide an environment setting method (specifically, a method of recording, reproducing, and editing video information as a system) for causing the environment to be set. The present invention also provides an information recording / reproducing apparatus and an information recording / reproducing apparatus having an optimal system for realizing the above environment.

[0011]

The present invention provides an information recording medium.
In the method for recording information on a body, the information recording medium may include:
Has a plurality of zones in the information area, and between the zones
A guard area, the zone and the guard
The physical address is also added to the address area.
The system that controls the disk has an AV file for recording AV data.
Application layer with file and file system
Layers and disk drives controlled for information recording
Layer and the AV layer in the application layer
The AV address is used as address information in the file.
The file system layer is a logical block number
And the logical sector number as address information.
The disk drive layer stores the physical address in address information.
Used in the disk drive layer.
The defect area information of the report recording medium is set in the defect management information area
And the file system
Tree information is set in the file management information area,
AV data recordable in V file for each extent
The AV data that is physically scattered in the
Control information for managing the recording and playback order of
The file entry information is set in the role information area.
Description of data allocation for extent
Child, and only set the data allocation
Contour to allow skip inside one
Data area is defined and the file entry
Information indicating the information length is included in the
The defect area information included in the defect management information area
And recording to be performed in the unrecorded area.
When setting the area,
The rear displays the defective area indicated by the defective area information.
Set the continuous data area to include
Step, and the configured continuous data
Determine the extent to the rear avoiding the defective area.
And storing the AV data in the extent part.
And the step of recording the data.

[0012]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows typical features of the present invention. In each of the drawings, the reference numerals are described in blocks. The present invention has the following features. That is, when the information storage medium is loaded into the recording / reproducing apparatus, the file system receives an information recording instruction on the information storage medium and determines whether or not the file to be recorded is an audio video file (AV file) ( S
T01). Next, a step of setting a video information recording location on the information storage medium in advance (ST02). Next, a step of recording AV information on the information storage medium (ST0)
3). Then, there is a step (ST04) of recording the information arrangement information actually recorded on the information storage medium in the management area on the information storage medium. This processing is mainly controlled by a file system (File System) 2 described later.

First, a schematic structure of an information recording / reproducing apparatus according to the present invention will be described. As shown in FIG. 2, the information reproducing device or the information recording / reproducing device 103
It consists of two blocks. An information reproducing unit or an information recording / reproducing unit (physical block) 101 rotates an information storage medium (optical disk) and reads information recorded in advance on the information storage medium (optical disk) using an optical head (or information storage medium). (Record new information on an optical disc). More specifically, a spindle motor for rotating an information storage medium (optical disk), an optical head for reproducing information recorded on the information storage medium (optical disk), and an information storage medium (optical disk) on which information to be reproduced is recorded. It comprises an optical head moving mechanism for moving the optical head to a radial position, various servo circuits, and the like. The detailed description of this block using FIG. 3 will be described later.

Application component (application block)
Reference numeral 102 functions to process the reproduction signal c obtained from the information reproducing unit or the information recording / reproducing unit (physical system block) 101 and transmit the reproduction information a to the outside of the information reproducing apparatus or the information recording / reproducing apparatus 103. The configuration in this block changes according to the specific use (purpose of use) of the information reproducing apparatus or the information recording / reproducing apparatus 103. The configuration of the application component (application block) 102 will also be described later.

In the case of an information recording / reproducing apparatus, recording information b provided from the outside is recorded on an information storage medium (optical disk) in the following procedure. The recording information b provided from the outside is directly transferred to the application component (application block) 102. After processing the recording information b in the application configuration unit (application block) 102, the recording signal d is transmitted to the information recording / reproducing unit (physical system block) 101. Record the transmitted recording signal d in the information storage medium in the information recording / reproducing unit (physical block) 101.

Next, the internal structure of the information recording / reproducing unit (physical system block) 101 in the information recording / reproducing apparatus 103 will be described.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram for explaining an example of the configuration of the information recording / reproducing unit (physical system block) of the information recording / reproducing apparatus.

Explanation of the basic functions of the information recording / reproducing unit.

The information recording / reproducing section records or rewrites (including erasing information) new information at a predetermined position on the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 by using a focused spot of a laser beam. Further, from a predetermined position on the information storage medium 201, using a focused spot of a laser beam,
Reproduction of information already recorded is performed.

Explanation of means for achieving the basic function of the information recording / reproducing unit.

In order to achieve the above basic function, the information recording / reproducing section traces (follows) a converging spot along a track on the information storage medium 201. The recording / reproducing / erasing of information is switched by changing the light amount (intensity) of the condensed spot irradiated on the information storage medium 201. The recording signal d supplied from the outside is converted into an optimum signal for recording at a high density and a low error rate.

Explanation of the structure of the mechanism part and the operation of the detection part.

<Basic Structure of Optical Head 202 and Signal Detection Circuit><Signal Detection by Optical Head 202>
Basically, it is composed of a semiconductor laser element as a light source, a photodetector, and an objective lens. Laser light emitted from the semiconductor laser element is focused on an information storage medium (optical disk) 201 by an objective lens. Information storage medium 2
The laser beam reflected by the light reflecting film or the light reflecting recording film of No. 01 is photoelectrically converted by a photodetector.

The detection current obtained by the photodetector is
The current-to-voltage conversion by 13 generates a detection signal. This detection signal is supplied to the focus / track error detection circuit 21.
The signal is processed by the 7 or binarization circuit 212.

In general, a photodetector is divided into a plurality of photodetection areas, and individually detects a change in the amount of light applied to each photodetection area. The focus / track error detection circuit 217 calculates the sum / difference of the individual detection signals to detect a focus shift and a track shift.
After the focus shift and the track shift are substantially removed by this detection and the servo operation, the information storage medium 201
A change in the amount of light reflected from the light reflection film or the light reflection recording film is detected, and a signal on the information storage medium 201 is reproduced.

<Method of Detecting Defocus> There are, for example, the following methods for optically detecting the amount of defocus: [astigmatism method]... The light reflection film or light reflection property of the information storage medium 201. In this method, an optical element (not shown) that generates astigmatism is arranged in a detection optical path of the laser light reflected by the recording film, and a change in the shape of the laser light irradiated on the photodetector is detected. The light detection area is divided into four diagonally. For each detection signal obtained from each detection area, focus
In the track error detection circuit 217, the sum of the signals from the diagonally detected areas is calculated, and the difference between the sums is calculated to obtain the focus error detection signal. [Knife edge method] A method of arranging a knife edge that asymmetrically shields a part of the laser light reflected by the information storage medium 201. The light detection area is divided into two parts, and a difference between detection signals obtained from each detection area is obtained to obtain a focus error detection signal.

Usually, either the astigmatism method or the knife edge method is employed.

<Track Shift Detection Method> The information storage medium (optical disc) 201 has a spiral or concentric track, and information is recorded on the track. Information is reproduced or recorded / erased by tracing the converged spot along this track. In order to stably trace the focused spot along the track, it is necessary to optically detect the relative displacement between the track and the focused spot.

In general, the following method is used as the track shift detection method: [Differential Phase Detection Method]
A change in the intensity distribution of the laser light reflected by the light reflecting film or the light reflecting recording film of the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 on the photodetector is detected. The light detection area is divided into four on a diagonal line. For each detection signal obtained from each detection area, the sum of the signals from the detection areas on the diagonal in the focus / track error detection circuit 217 is obtained, and the difference between the sums is obtained to obtain the track error detection signal.

[Push-Pull method]... A change in intensity distribution of the laser beam reflected by the information storage medium 1201 on the photodetector is detected. The light detection area is divided into two parts, and a track error detection signal is obtained by taking the difference between the detection signals obtained from each detection area.

[Twin-Spot Method] A diffractive element or the like is arranged in a light transmission system between the semiconductor laser element and the information storage medium 201 to split light into a plurality of wavefronts and irradiate the information storage medium 201. The change in the reflected light amount of the ± 1st-order diffracted light is detected. A light detection area for individually detecting the reflected light amount of the + 1st-order diffracted light and the reflected light amount of the -1st-order diffracted light is arranged separately from the light detection area for detecting the reproduction signal. Get.

<Objective Lens Actuator Structure> The laser light emitted from the semiconductor laser device is
The objective lens (not shown) for condensing light on the first lens 1 is driven in accordance with the output current of the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218.
It has a structure that can be moved in the axial direction. There are the following two moving directions of the objective lens. In other words, the direction moves in the direction perpendicular to the information storage medium 201 for focus shift correction, and moves in the radial direction of the information storage medium 201 for track shift correction.

The objective lens moving mechanism (not shown) is called an objective lens actuator. For example, the following are often used as the objective lens actuator structure: [Axis sliding method]: A method in which a blade integrated with the objective lens moves along a central axis (shaft), and the blade is moved to the central axis. Move along the direction to correct the focus shift,
This is a method for correcting track deviation by rotating the blade with respect to the center axis.

[Four-wire system] A blade integrated with an objective lens is connected to a fixed system by four wires.
This is a method of moving a blade in two axial directions by utilizing elastic deformation of a wire.

Each of the above methods has a structure in which a permanent magnet and a coil are provided, and the blade is moved by passing an electric current through a coil connected to the blade.

<Rotation control system of information storage medium 201> An information storage medium (optical disk) 201 is mounted on a rotary table 221 which is rotated by the driving force of a spindle motor 204.

The number of rotations of the information storage medium 10 is detected based on a reproduction signal obtained from the information storage medium 201. That is, the detection signal (analog signal) output from the amplifier 213 is converted into a digital signal by the binarization circuit 212, and a fixed cycle signal (reference clock signal) is generated from the signal by the PLL circuit 211. The information storage medium rotation speed detection circuit 214 detects the number of rotations of the information storage medium 201 using this signal and outputs the value.

A correspondence table of the number of revolutions of the information storage medium corresponding to the radial position to be reproduced or recorded / erased on the information storage medium 201 is recorded in the semiconductor memory 219 in advance. When the reproduction position or the recording / erasing position is determined, the control unit 220 sets the target rotation speed of the information storage medium 201 with reference to the information of the semiconductor memory 219, and notifies the spindle motor drive circuit 215 of the value.

The spindle motor drive circuit 215 determines the difference between the target rotation speed and the output signal (current rotation speed) of the information storage medium rotation speed detection circuit 214, and outputs a drive current according to the result to the spindle motor 204. To control the rotation speed of the spindle motor 204 to be constant. The output signal of the information storage medium rotation speed detection circuit 214 is a pulse signal having a frequency corresponding to the rotation speed of the information storage medium 201,
In step 5, control (frequency control and phase control) is performed on both the frequency and the pulse phase of the pulse signal.

<Optical Head Moving Mechanism> This mechanism has an optical head moving mechanism (feed motor) 203 for moving the optical head 202 in the radial direction of the information storage medium 201.

As a guide mechanism for moving the optical head 202, a rod-shaped guide shaft is often used.
In this guide mechanism, this guide shaft and the optical head 2
The optical head 202 is moved by using friction between bushes attached to a part of the optical head 202. In addition, there is a method of using a bearing in which a frictional force is reduced by using a rotary motion.

Although a driving force transmitting method for moving the optical head 202 is not shown, a rotating motor having a pinion (rotating gear) is arranged in a fixed system, and a rack, which is a linear gear meshing with the pinion, is driven by an optical system. The optical head 202 is arranged on the side surface of the head 202 to convert the rotational motion of the rotary motor into a linear motion of the optical head 202. As another driving force transmission method, a linear motor system in which a permanent magnet is arranged in a fixed system and an electric current is applied to a coil arranged in the optical head 202 to move the coil in a linear direction may be used.

In both the rotary motor and the linear motor, basically, a current is applied to the feed motor to
A driving force for two movements is generated. This drive current is supplied from the feed motor drive circuit 216.

<Functions of Each Control Circuit><Condensed Spot Trace Control> In order to perform focus shift correction or track shift correction, the inside of the optical head 202 is controlled according to the output signal (detection signal) of the focus / track error detection circuit 217. A circuit for supplying a drive current to an objective lens actuator (not shown) is an objective lens actuator drive circuit 218. This drive circuit 218
Has an internal phase compensation circuit for improving characteristics in accordance with the frequency characteristics of the objective lens actuator in order to make the movement of the objective lens respond at high speed to a high frequency region.

Objective lens actuator drive circuit 218
Then, in response to a command from the control unit 220, (a) on / off processing of a focus / track deviation correction operation (focus / track loop); and (b) an objective lens in the vertical direction (focus direction) of the information storage medium 201. (C) moving the objective lens at a low speed (executed when the focus / track loop is off); and (c) using an kick pulse to slightly move the objective lens in the radial direction of the information storage medium 201 (the direction across the track) to collect light. And moving the spot to an adjacent track.

<Laser light quantity control><Switching processing between reproduction and recording / erasing> Switching between reproduction and recording / erasing is performed by changing the light quantity of a condensed spot irradiated onto the information storage medium 201.

For an information storage medium using the phase change method, the following relationship is generally established: [light amount at the time of recording]> [light amount at the time of erasing]> [light amount at the time of reproduction]. The information storage medium using the magnetic system generally has the following relationship: [light amount at the time of recording] [light amount at the time of erasing]> [light amount at the time of reproduction] (2). In the case of the magneto-optical system, the recording and erasing processes are controlled by changing the polarity of an external magnetic field (not shown) applied to the information storage medium 201 during recording / erasing. At the time of information reproduction, a constant amount of light is continuously irradiated onto the information storage medium 201.

When recording new information, a pulsed intermittent light amount is added to the light amount at the time of reproduction. When the semiconductor laser element emits a pulse with a large amount of light, the light reflective recording film of the information storage medium 201 locally causes an optical change or a shape change, and a recording mark is formed. Similarly, when overwriting an area already recorded, the semiconductor laser element is caused to emit pulse light.

When erasing already recorded information, a constant light amount larger than that at the time of reproduction is continuously irradiated. In the case where information is continuously erased, the irradiation light amount is returned at the time of reproduction in a specific cycle such as a sector unit, and the information is intermittently reproduced in parallel with the erasing process. Thus, the erasing process is performed while confirming that there is no error in the erasing track by reproducing the track number or address of the track to be erased intermittently.

<Laser Emission Control> Although not shown, the optical head 202 has a built-in photodetector for detecting the light emission amount of the semiconductor laser element. In the laser driving circuit 205, the photodetector output (detection signal of the light emission amount of the semiconductor laser element) and the recording / reproducing / erasing control waveform generation circuit 2
The difference from the light emission reference signal given from step 06 is obtained, and the drive current to the semiconductor laser is feedback-controlled based on the result.

<Various Operations Related to Control System of Mechanism><StartupControl> When the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 is mounted on the turntable 221 and startup control is started, processing according to the following procedure is performed. Will be (1) From the control unit 220 to the spindle motor drive circuit 21
5, the target rotation speed is transmitted to the spindle motor 204 from the spindle motor drive circuit 215, and the spindle motor 204 starts rotating. (2) Simultaneously from the control unit 220 to the feed motor drive circuit 21
6, a command (execution command) is issued, and the feed motor drive circuit 216 sends an optical head drive mechanism (feed motor) 2
03 is supplied with a drive current, and the optical head 202 moves to the innermost position of the information storage medium 10. As a result, it is confirmed that the optical head 202 is located further inward of the information storage medium 201 beyond the area where the information is recorded. (3) When the spindle motor 204 reaches the target rotation speed, its status (status report) is output to the control unit 220. (4) A current is supplied from the semiconductor laser driving circuit 205 to the semiconductor laser element in the optical head 202 in accordance with the reproduced light amount signal sent from the control unit 220 to the recording / reproducing / erasing control waveform generation circuit 206, and laser emission is performed. Starts.

The information storage medium (optical disk) 201
The optimal irradiation light amount at the time of reproduction differs depending on the type. At the time of startup, the current value supplied to the semiconductor laser device is set to a value corresponding to the lowest value of the irradiation light amount. (5) The objective lens (not shown) in the optical head 202 is moved to the information storage medium 20 in accordance with a command from the control unit 220.
The objective lens actuator drive circuit 218 controls the objective lens so as to shift the objective lens to the position farthest from 1 and slowly bring the objective lens closer to the information storage medium 201. (6) Simultaneously focus / track error detection circuit 21
At 7, the amount of defocus is monitored, and when the objective lens comes near the in-focus position, the status is output, and the control unit 220 notifies that “the objective lens is near the in-focus position”.
Notify. (7) Upon receiving the notification, the control unit 220 issues a command to the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218 to turn on the focus loop. (8) The control unit 220 issues a command to the feed motor drive circuit 216 while keeping the focus loop on to move the optical head 202 slowly toward the outer peripheral portion of the information storage medium 201. (9) At the same time, the reproduction signal from the optical head 202 is monitored, and when the optical head 202 reaches the recording area on the information storage medium 201, the movement of the optical head 202 is stopped, and the track loop is performed on the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218. Issue a command to turn on. (10) Subsequently, the “optimum light quantity at the time of reproduction” and “optimum light quantity at the time of recording / erasing” recorded on the inner peripheral portion of the information storage medium 201 are reproduced, and the information is transmitted to the semiconductor via the control unit 220. Recorded in the memory 219. (11) Further, the control unit 220 sends a signal corresponding to the “optimum light amount at the time of reproduction” to the recording / reproduction / erase control waveform generation circuit 206 to reset the light emission amount of the semiconductor laser element at the time of reproduction. (12) Then, the light emission amount of the semiconductor laser element at the time of recording / erasing is set according to the “optimum light amount at the time of recording / erasing” recorded on the information storage medium 201.

<Access Control> Information about where the access destination information recorded on the information storage medium 201 is recorded on the reproduction information storage medium 201 and what kind of content it has is stored in the information storage medium 201. It depends on the type. For example, in a DVD disk, this information is recorded in a directory management area or a navigation pack in the information storage medium 201.

Here, the directory management area is usually recorded collectively in the inner peripheral area or the outer peripheral area of the information storage medium 201. Also, the navigation pack,
Recorded in a VOBU (Video Object Unit) data unit in a VOBS (Video Object Set) conforming to the data structure of the MPEG2 PS (Program Stream) and records information on where the next video is recorded are doing.

When it is desired to reproduce or record / delete specific information, the information in the above-mentioned area is reproduced first, and the access destination is determined from the obtained information.

<Coarse Access Control> The control unit 220 calculates the radius position of the access destination by calculation, and
Calculate the distance between the position.

The speed curve information that can be reached in the shortest time with respect to the moving distance of the optical head 202 is stored in advance in the semiconductor memory 21.
9 are recorded. The control unit 220 reads the information, and according to the speed curve, uses the optical head 2
02 movement control is performed.

That is, after the control unit 220 issues a command to the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218 to turn off the track loop, the feed motor drive circuit 21
6 to start the movement of the optical head 202.

When the focused spot crosses the track on the information storage medium 201, a track error detection signal is generated in the focus / track error detection circuit 217. Using this track error detection signal, the relative speed of the focused spot with respect to the information storage medium 201 can be detected.

The feed motor drive circuit 216 calculates the difference between the relative speed of the condensed spot obtained from the focus / track error detection circuit 217 and the target speed information sent one by one from the control unit 220. The optical head 202 is moved while performing feedback control on the drive current to the drive mechanism (feed motor) 203. As described in the section <Optical head moving mechanism>, frictional force always acts between the guide shaft and the bush or bearing. Dynamic friction acts when the optical head 202 is moving at high speed, but static friction acts at the start and immediately before the stop because the moving speed of the optical head 202 is low. When this static friction acts (particularly immediately before stopping), the frictional force is relatively increasing. In order to cope with this increase in frictional force, the amplification factor (gain) of the control system is increased by a command from the control unit 220 so that the current supplied to the optical head drive mechanism (feed motor) 203 is increased.

<Dense Access Control> When the optical head 202 reaches the target position, the control unit 220 issues a command to the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218 to turn on the track loop.

The focused spot reproduces the address or track number of that portion while tracing along the track on the information storage medium 201.

The current focus spot position is calculated from the address or track number, the number of error tracks from the target position is calculated in the control section 220, and the number of tracks required for moving the focus spot is determined by the objective lens actuator. Notify the drive circuit 218.

Objective lens actuator drive circuit 218
When a set of kick pulses is generated within the above, the objective lens slightly moves in the radial direction of the information storage medium 201, and the focused spot moves to an adjacent track.

Objective lens actuator drive circuit 218
Inside, the track loop is temporarily turned off and the control unit 2
After the number of kick pulses generated according to the information from 20 is generated, the track loop is turned on again.

After completion of the fine access, the control unit 220 reproduces information (address or track number) of the position where the focused spot is traced, and confirms that the target track is being accessed.

<Continuous Recording / Reproduction / Erase Control> The track error detection signal output from the focus / track error detection circuit 217 is input to the feed motor drive circuit 216. During the “start control” and the “access control”, the control unit 220 controls the feed motor drive circuit 216 so as not to use the track error detection signal.

After confirming that the focused spot has reached the target track by accessing, a part of the track error detection signal is transmitted by the command from the control unit 220 via the motor driving circuit 216 to the optical head driving mechanism (feeding mechanism). Motor 203 is supplied as a drive current. This control is continued during the period in which the reproduction or the recording / erasing process is continuously performed.

The center position of the information storage medium 201 is mounted with an eccentricity slightly shifted from the center position of the turntable 221. When a part of the track error detection signal is supplied as a drive current, the entire optical head 202 slightly moves in accordance with the eccentricity.

When the reproduction or the recording / erasing process is continuously performed for a long time, the position of the condensed spot gradually moves in the outer circumferential direction or the inner circumferential direction. When a part of the track error detection signal is supplied as a drive current to the optical head moving mechanism (feed motor) 203, the optical head 20
2 gradually moves in the outer circumferential direction or the inner circumferential direction.

In this way, the track loop can be stabilized by reducing the burden of correcting the track shift of the objective lens actuator.

<End Control> When a series of processing is completed and the operation is to be ended, the processing is performed according to the following procedure. (1) The control unit 220 issues a command to the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218 to turn off the track loop. (2) The control unit 220 issues a command to the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218 to turn off the focus loop. (3) The control unit 220 issues a command to the recording / reproducing / erasing control waveform generation circuit 206 to stop the light emission of the semiconductor laser device. (4) The spindle motor drive circuit 215 is notified of 0 as the reference rotation speed.

<Flow of Recorded / Reproduced Signal on Information Storage Medium><Flow of Signal During Reproduction><Binarization / PLL Circuit> As described in the section <Signal Detection by Optical Head 202> above A signal on the information storage medium 201 is reproduced by detecting a change in the amount of light reflected from the light reflection film or the light reflective recording film of the information storage medium (optical disc) 201. The signal obtained by the amplifier 213 has an analog waveform. The binarization circuit 212 uses a comparator to convert the analog signal into a binary digital signal consisting of “1” and “0”.

From the reproduction signal obtained by the binarization circuit 212, a reference signal at the time of information reproduction is extracted in the PLL circuit 211. That is, the PLL circuit 211 has a built-in variable frequency oscillator, and outputs a pulse signal (reference clock) output from the oscillator to the binarizing circuit 21.
A comparison of frequency and phase is made between the two output signals. By feeding back the comparison result to the oscillator output, a reference signal at the time of information reproduction is extracted.

<Demodulation of Signal> The demodulation circuit 210 has a built-in conversion table indicating the relationship between the modulated signal and the demodulated signal. The demodulation circuit 210 is a PLL circuit 21
The input signal (modulated signal) is returned to the original signal (demodulated signal) while referring to the conversion table in accordance with the reference clock obtained in step 1. The demodulated signal is recorded in the semiconductor memory 219.

<Error Correction Processing> Error Correction Circuit 209
, An error point is detected for the signal stored in the semiconductor memory 219 using the inner code PI and the outer code PO, and a pointer flag of the error point is set. Thereafter, while reading the signal from the semiconductor memory 219, the signal at the error location is sequentially corrected in accordance with the error pointer flag, and the corrected information is recorded in the semiconductor memory 219 again.

When the information reproduced from the information storage medium 201 is externally output as a reproduction signal c, the inner code PI and the outer code PO are removed from the error-corrected information recorded in the semiconductor memory 219, and the bus line 224 is output. Is transferred to the data I / O interface 222 via. The data I / O interface 222 outputs the signal sent from the error correction circuit 209 as a reproduction signal c.

<Signal Format Recorded on Information Storage Medium 201> Signals recorded on the information storage medium 201 are required to satisfy the following: (a) On the information storage medium 201 (B) To simplify the reproduction processing circuit by setting the DC component of the reproduction signal to "0"; (c) For the information storage medium 201 Record information as densely as possible.

In order to satisfy the above requirements, the information recording / reproducing unit (physical system block) needs to add “error correction function”.
And "signal conversion (modulation / demodulation of signal) for recorded information".

<Signal Flow During Recording><Error Correction Code ECC Addition Processing> The error correction code ECC addition processing will be described. Information storage medium 201
Is input to the data I / O interface 222 in the form of a raw signal. This recording signal d
Is recorded in the semiconductor memory 219 as it is. Thereafter, the following ECC addition processing is executed in the ECC encoder 208.

A specific example of an ECC adding method using a product code will be described below.

The recording signal d is stored in the semiconductor memory 219.
One line is sequentially arranged every 172 bytes.
A set of ECC blocks (172 byte rows × 192)
The amount of information is about 32 kbytes in a byte string). For a raw signal (recording signal d) in a set of ECC blocks composed of “172 byte rows × 192 byte columns”, 1
A 10-byte inner code PI is calculated for each row of 72 bytes and additionally recorded in the semiconductor memory 219. Further, a 16-byte outer code PO is calculated for each column in byte units and additionally recorded in the semiconductor memory 219.

Then, 12 rows (12 × (172 + 10) bytes) including the 10-byte inner code PI and the outer code P
A total of 23 for one row of O (1 × (172 + 10) bytes)
The information subjected to the error correction code ECC addition processing is recorded in one sector of the information storage medium 10 in units of 66 bytes (= (12 + 1) × (172 + 10)).

When the addition of the inner code PI and the outer code PO is completed, the ECC encoder 208 temporarily transfers the information to the semiconductor memory 219. When information is recorded on the information storage medium 201, a signal of 2366 bytes for one sector is transferred from the semiconductor memory 219 to the modulation circuit 207.

<Signal Modulation> The DC component (DS
V: Digital Sum Value or Digital Sum Variation)
Is approached to “0”, and in order to record information on the information storage medium 201 at high density, signal modulation which is a conversion of a signal format is performed in the modulation circuit 207. Each of the modulation circuit 207 and the demodulation circuit 210 has a built-in conversion table indicating a relationship between an original signal and a signal after modulation.

The modulation circuit 207 includes the ECC encoder 20
8 is divided into a plurality of bits according to a predetermined modulation scheme, and converted into another signal (code) with reference to the conversion table. For example, when 8/16 modulation (RLL (2, 10) code) is used as a modulation method, there are two types of conversion tables, one for each reference so that the DC component (DSV) after modulation approaches 0. Switching the conversion table.

<Recording Waveform Generation> When recording a recording mark on the information storage medium (optical disk) 201, generally,
The following recording methods are used: [Mark length recording method] A method in which "1" comes at the front end position and the rear terminal position of a recording mark.

[Recording method between marks] A recording mark whose center position matches the position of "1". When mark length recording is employed, it is necessary to form a relatively long recording mark. In this case, if the information storage medium 10 is continuously irradiated with a large amount of light for recording for a certain period or more, the information storage medium 20
Due to the heat storage effect of the first light-reflective recording film, only the rear portion of the mark is widened, and a "raindrop" -shaped recording mark is formed. In order to eliminate this adverse effect, when forming a long recording mark, measures such as dividing the recording laser drive signal into a plurality of recording pulses or changing the recording waveform of the recording laser in a step-like manner. Is adopted.

Recording / reproducing / erasing control waveform generating circuit 206
Inside, the above-described recording waveform is created according to the recording signal sent from the modulation circuit 207, and a drive signal having this recording waveform is sent to the semiconductor laser drive circuit 205.

Next, the flow of signals between blocks in the recording / reproducing apparatus will be summarized. 1) Input of raw signal to be recorded to information recording / reproducing device Information storage medium (optical disk) 20 in information recording / reproducing device
1 illustrates a configuration in an information recording / reproducing unit (physical system block) in which portions related to information recording and reproduction processing for the information unit 1 are combined. PC (personal computer) and EW
The recording signal d sent from a host computer such as S (Engineering Workstation)
The information is input into the information recording / reproducing unit (physical block) 101 via the / O interface 222.

2) Division processing of recording signal d every 2048 bytes The data I / O interface 222 divides the recording signal d in time series every 2048 bytes, and
After adding 0 or the like, scramble processing is performed. The resulting signal is sent to ECC encoder 208.

3) Creation of ECC Block In the ECC encoder 208, 16 sets of signals after scrambled for the recording signal are collected to create a block of “172 bytes × 192 columns”, and then the inner code PI (internal Parity code) and outer code PO (external parity code)
Is added. 4) Interleaving process The ECC encoder 208 then performs an interleaving process on the outer code PO.

5) Signal Modulation Processing The modulation circuit 207 modulates the signal after the interleaving of the outer code PO and adds a synchronization code.

6) Recording Waveform Creation Processing A recording / reproduction / erase control waveform generation circuit 206 creates a recording waveform corresponding to the signal obtained as a result, and sends this recording waveform to the laser drive circuit 205.

Information storage medium (DVD-RAM disk)
In 201, since the method of “mark length recording” is adopted, the rising timing of the recording pulse and the falling timing of the recording pulse coincide with the “1” timing of the modulated signal.

7) Recording process on the information storage medium (optical disk) 10 The amount of laser light emitted from the optical head 202 and focused on the recording film of the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 changes intermittently. Recording marks are formed on the recording film of the storage medium (optical disk) 201.

FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the application, the file system, and the ODD necessary for explaining the embodiment of the present invention.

An information recording / reproducing apparatus (ODD: Optic) shown in FIG.
al Disk Drive) 3 is the same as the information recording / reproducing device 140 of the PC system (described later).

The programs of both the File System 2 and the recording / playback application software (recording / reproducing application) 1 shown in FIG. 6 are usually stored in the HDD 121 in the PC system. Transferred to the main memory 112, and when using the recording / playback application software program, the recording / playback application software (recording / playback application)
One program is transferred to the main memory 112. Information processing and information in computer systems
The department in charge of recording and playing back information
One layer of application software (hereinafter abbreviated as recording / playing application)
-, File system (File System) 2 layers,
Optical Disk Drive (O)
DD) The control layer is divided into three layers. Soshi
Interface between each level
Command is defined. Ads handled at each level
Les is also different. In other words, the recording / playback application 1
File System 2 is a logical system based on AV Address.
The logical block number (LSN) or logical block number (LBN).
ODD3 is logical sector number (BSN), logical block
Handle Physical Sector Number (PSN) based on Number (LBN)
Has become.

FIG. 7 shows the configuration of a personal computer system using an information reproducing apparatus. A: General personal computer system 110
Description of the internal structure of.

A-1: Data / address line directly connected to the main CPU

The main CPU 111 in the personal computer 110 has a memory data line 114 for directly inputting / outputting information to / from the main memory 112 and a memory address line 113 for designating an address of information recorded in the main memory 112. Holding, main memory 11
2 according to the program loaded in the main CPU 1
The execution process of No. 11 proceeds. Further, the main CPU 111
Information is transferred to and from various controllers via the O data line 146, and an information transfer destination controller is specified and information to be transferred is specified by addressing the I / O address line 145.

A-2. Description of CRT display control and keyboard control.

The LCD controller 115 for controlling the display contents of the CRT display 116 exchanges information between the main CPUs 111 via the memory data line 114. To achieve higher resolution and rich expression colors,
Video RA as memory dedicated to RT display 116
M117 is provided. The LCD controller 115 is connected to the main memory 11 via the memory data line 114.
2 can be input directly and displayed on the CRT display 116.

Numeric keypad information input from the keyboard 119 is converted by the keyboard
Main CPU 111 via the / O data line 146
Is input to

A-3: Explanation of the control system of the built-in HDD / information reproducing apparatus.

The HDD 121 and the CD-ROM drive / DVD-
An optical information reproducing apparatus 122 such as a ROM drive often uses an IDE interface. HDD
121 or playback information from the information playback device 122, or H
Information recorded on the DD 121 is stored in the IDE controller 120.
Is transferred to the I / O data line 146 via

In particular, when the HDD 121 is used as a boot disk, the personal computer system 11
At the time of startup, the main CPU 111 accesses the HDD 121 and necessary information is transferred to the main memory 112. A-4: Description of the serial / parallel interface with the outside.

Personal computer system 110
A serial line and a parallel line are provided for information transfer with an external device.

A parallel I / F controller 123 for controlling a parallel line represented by "Centro" is used, for example, when the printer 124 and the scanner 125 are directly driven without using a network. Scanner 1
The information transferred from 25 is transferred to the I / O data line 146 via the parallel I / F controller 123. Information transferred on the I / O data line 146 is transferred to the printer 124 via the parallel I / F controller 123.

For example, information in the video RAM 117 displayed on the CRT display 116 or the main memory 1
To print out the specific information in the I / O data line 12, the information is transferred to the I / O data line 146 via the main CPU 111, and then transferred to the parallel I / F controller 1.
The protocol is converted at 23 and output to the printer 124.

Regarding the serial information output to the outside, the information transferred on the I / O data line 146 is protocol-converted by the serial I / F controller 130, and is output as, for example, an RS-232C signal e.

A-5. Description of function expansion bus line.

Personal computer system 110
Has various bus lines for function expansion. A desktop personal computer often has a PCI bus 133 and an EISA bus 126 as bus lines. Each bus line is connected to the I / O data line 146 and the I / O address line 1 via the PCI bus controller 143 or the EISA bus controller 144.
45. Various boards connected to the bus line include a dedicated board for the EISA bus 126 and a PCI bus 13
It is divided into three dedicated boards. Relatively PCI bus 133
Is more suitable for high-speed transfer, the number of boards connected to the PCI bus 133 is increased in the figure, but is not limited thereto.
It is also possible to connect the AN board 139 or the SCSI board 138 to the EISA bus 126.

A-6. Brief description of functions of various boards connected to the bus line.

Sound blaster board 127: The sound signal input from the microphone 128 is converted into digital information by the sound blaster board 127, and the EISA
The main memory 112, the HDD 121, and the information recording / reproducing device 14 via the bus 126 and the I / O data line 146.
It is input to 0 and processed. If the user wants to listen to music or voice, the HDDs 121 and 141, the information reproducing device 122,
By designating a file name recorded in the information recording / reproducing apparatus 140 by a user, the digital sound source signal is
The data is transferred to the sound blaster board 127 via the O data line 146 and the EISA bus 126, is converted into an analog signal, and is output from the speaker 129.

Dedicated DSP 137: When it is desired to execute a specific special process at a high speed, a DSP 137 board dedicated to the specific process can be connected to the bus line.

SCSI interface: A SCSI interface is often used for inputting and outputting information to and from an external storage device. S which is input / output to / from an external storage device such as an information backup MT (magnetic tape) 142, an externally mounted HDD 141, and an information recording / reproducing device 140
The CSI format information is transferred to the PCI bus 133 or EI
Protocol conversion and transfer information format conversion for transfer to the SA bus 126 are executed in the SCSI board 138.

Information compression / expansion dedicated board: Multimedia information such as audio, still images, and moving images is compressed into HD
D121, 141 and the information recording / reproducing device 140 (information reproducing device 122). The information recorded on the HDDs 121 and 141, the information recording / reproducing device 140, and the information reproducing device 122 is decompressed and displayed on the CRT display 116, or the speaker 129 is driven. Also microphone 12
8 to compress the information such as audio signals input from
D121, 141 and the information recording / reproducing device 140.

Various dedicated boards are responsible for this information compression / decompression function. Audio / video signals are compressed / expanded by the audio encoding / decoding board 136, moving images (video images) are compressed / expanded by the MPEG board 134, and still images are compressed / expanded by the JPEG board 135. I have.

B: Connection of personal computer to external network

B-1. Description of network connection using telephone line.

When information is to be transferred to the outside via the telephone line f, the modem 131 is used. That is, although not shown in the drawing, a NCU (Networ
k Control Unit) transmits the destination telephone number to the telephone exchange via the telephone line f. When the telephone line is connected, the serial I / F controller 130 performs transfer information format conversion and protocol conversion on the information on the I / O data line 146, and converts the resulting digital signal RS-232C signal into a modem. At 131, the signal is converted into an analog signal and transferred to the telephone line f.

B-2. Description of network connection using IEEE1394.

When transferring multimedia information such as audio, still images, and moving images to an external device (not shown),
An EEE1394 interface is suitable.

If necessary information cannot be sent within a certain period of time for a moving image or a sound, the movement of the image is jerky or the sound is interrupted. IEEE13 to solve the problem
In 94, data transfer is completed every 125 μs
Uses the nous transfer method. IEEE 1394 allows the isochronous transfer and the normal asynchronous transfer to coexist, but the asynchronous transfer time of one cycle is 63.000 at maximum.
The upper limit is set to 5 μs. If the asynchronous transfer time is too long, isochronous transfer cannot be guaranteed. In IEEE1394, SCSI commands (instruction sets) can be used as they are.

The IEEE 1394 I / F board 132 performs processing such as information format conversion and protocol conversion for isochronous transfer and automatic topology setting such as node setting for the information transmitted through the PCI bus 133.

As described above, not only the information held in the personal computer system 110 is transferred to the outside as the IEEE 1394 signal g, but the IEEE 1394 signal g sent from the outside is similarly converted and transferred to the PCI bus 133. The IEEE 1394 I / F board 132 also has a function.

B-3. Description of Network Connection Using LAN

For local area information communication in a specific area such as a company, government office, or school, although not shown, LAN signals h are input and output using a LAN cable as a medium.

As a protocol for communication using a LAN, T
CP / IP, NetBEUI, and the like exist, and have a unique data packet structure (information format structure) according to various protocols. The LAN board 139 performs information format conversion for information transferred on the PCI bus 133 and communication procedure processing with the outside according to various protocols.
Do.

As an example, a procedure and an information transfer path for converting specific file information recorded in the HDD 121 into a LAN signal h and transferring the LAN signal h to an external personal computer, EWS, or network server (not shown). explain. IDE controller 12
0, the file directory recorded in the HDD 121 is output, and the resulting file list is recorded in the main memory 112 by the main CPU 111 and displayed on the CRT display 116. When the user inputs a file name to be transferred to the keyboard 119, the content is recognized by the main CPU 111 via the keyboard controller 118. Main CPU1
When the HDD 11 notifies the IDE controller 120 of the file name to be transferred, the HDD determines the internal information recording location and accesses the HDD.
Is transferred to the I / O data line 146 via I
After file information is input from the / O data line 146 to the PCI bus controller 143, the PCI bus 13
3 to the LAN board 139. LAN
The board 139 establishes a session with the transfer destination by a series of communication procedures, inputs file information from the PCI bus 133, converts the file information into a data packet structure according to the protocol to be transmitted, and transfers the data packet to the outside as a LAN signal h.

C: Information reproducing apparatus or information storage / reproducing apparatus
Explanation of information transfer from (optical disk device).

C-1. Description of standard interface and information transfer path.

An information reproducing device 122 which is a read-only optical disk device such as a CD-ROM and a DVD-ROM, and a DVD
When the information recording / reproducing device 140, which is a recordable / reproducible optical disk such as a RAM, a PD, and an MO, is used by being incorporated in the personal computer system 110, "IDE" and "SCSI" are used as standard interfaces.
“IEEE1394” and the like exist.

In general, the PCI bus controller 14
3 and EISA bus controller 144 have DMA inside
have. The main CPU 111 is controlled by the DMA.
It is possible to transfer information directly between the blocks without intervening.

For example, if the information of the information recording / reproducing device 140 is M
When transferring to the PEG board 134, the main CPU 111
The process from the step S1 only gives a transfer command to the PCI bus controller 143, and the information transfer management is left to the DMA in the PCI bus controller. As a result, during actual information transfer, the main CPU can execute other processes in parallel without being bothered by the information transfer process.

Similarly, when information recorded in the information reproducing device 122 is transferred to the HDD 141, the main CPU
111 is a PCI bus controller 143 or IDE
By only issuing a transfer command to the controller 120, the subsequent transfer processing management is performed by the DM in the PCI bus controller 143.
A or DMA in the IDE controller 120.

C-2: Description of authentication function

As described above, the information transfer processing for the information recording / reproducing device 140 or the information reproducing device 122
The DMA in the CI bus controller 143, the DMA in the EISA bus controller 144, or the DMA in the IDE controller 120 manages the data, but the actual transfer processing itself is performed by the authentication ( authentication) The function unit is executing the actual transfer processing.

DVD video, DVD-ROM, DVD-
In DVD systems such as R, video and audio bit streams are recorded in the MPEG2 Program stream format, and audio streams, video streams, sub-picture streams, private streams, and the like are recorded in a mixed manner. The information recording / reproducing apparatus 140 separates and extracts an audio stream, a video stream, a sub-picture stream, a private stream, and the like from a program stream (Program stream) at the time of reproducing information, and directly outputs the audio via the PCI bus 133 without the intervention of the main CPU 111. The data is transferred to the encoding / decoding board 136, the MPEG board 134, or the JPEG board 135.

Similarly, the information reproducing apparatus 122 separates and extracts a program stream (Program stream) reproduced therefrom into various stream information, and separates each stream information via the I / O data line 146 and the PCI bus 133. Directly (without intervening the main CPU 111)
Audio encoding / decoding board 136, MPEG board 134
Alternatively, the data is transferred to the JPEG board 135.

Information recording / reproducing device 140 or information reproducing device 1
Similarly to 22, the audio encoding / decoding board 136, the MPEG board 134, or the JPEG board 135 itself has an authentication function inside. Prior to the information transfer, the information recording / reproducing device 140 or the information reproducing device 122, the audio encoding / decoding board 136, and the MPE are connected via the PCI bus 133 (and the I / O data line 146).
The G board 134 and the JPEG board 135 authenticate each other. When the mutual authentication is completed, the information recording / reproducing device 140
The video stream information reproduced by the information reproducing device 122 is transferred to the MPEG board 134 only. Similarly, the audio stream information is stored in the audio encoding / decoding board 1
36 only. Still image stream is JPE
The private stream and the text information are sent to the G board 135 to the main CPU 111.

Next, in describing a specific embodiment of the present invention, an embodiment in which a DVD-RAM disk is used as an information storage medium and UDF is used as a file system will be described.

Before describing a specific embodiment of the present invention, a description will be given of a DVD-RAM disk as a premise.

FIG. 8 is a view for explaining the layout of the schematic recording contents in the DVD-RAM disk.

That is, the Lead-in Are on the inner peripheral side of the disc
a 607 is an embossed data zone 611 with an uneven light reflection surface, and the surface is flat (mirror surface)
Mirror Zone 612 and rewritable data zone (Rewritable data Zon)
e) Consists of 613. The Embossed data Zone 611 is a reference signal zone (R
eference signal Zone 653 and Control data Zone 655, and Mirror Zone 612
Includes Connection Zone 657.

[0149] The rewritable data zone 613 includes a disk test zone (Disk test Zone) 658, a drive test zone (Drive test Zone) 660, and a disk ID.
Disc identification Zone 662 showing (identifier)
And defect management areas DMA1 and DMA2 663.

[0150] Lead-out Area 609 on the outer peripheral side of the disk
As shown in FIG. 10, a defect management area DMA3 and DMA4 691 and a disc identification zone 69 showing a disc ID (identifier) are shown.
2. Rewritable data zone 645 including Drive test Zone 694 and Disk test Zone 695.

[0151] Lead-in Area 607 and Lead-out Area 609
The Data Area 608 between the two has 24 annual ring-shaped Zone 00
It is divided into 620 to Zone 23 643. Each zone (Zo
ne) has a constant rotation speed, but the rotation speed differs between different zones. Further, the number of sectors constituting each zone also differs for each zone. Specifically, the rotation speed of Zone 00 620 and the like on the inner circumference side of the disk is high and the number of constituent sectors is small. On the other hand, Zone 23 643 and the like on the outer periphery of the disk have a low rotation speed and a large number of constituent sectors. With such a layout, high-speed access like CAV is realized in each zone, and high-density recording like CLV is realized in the whole zone.

FIGS. 9 and 10 show the layout of FIG.
It is a figure explaining the detail of Lead-in Area 607 and Lead-out Area 609.

Control data of Embossed data Zone 611
Zone 655 includes the applicable DVD standard type (DV
D-ROM, DVD-RAM, DVD-R, etc.) and a book type and part version 671 indicating a part version, and a disk size and a minimum read indicating a disk size and a minimum read rate. Out rate (Disc size
and minimum read-out rate) 672 and a disc structure 67 showing a disc structure such as a single-layer ROM disk, a single-layer RAM disk, a double-layer ROM disk, etc.
3 and the recording density (R
ecording density) 674 and data location (Data Area allocatio)
n) 675 and BCA in which the serial number of each information storage medium is recorded in a non-rewritable manner on the inner circumference side of the information storage medium.
(Burst Cutting Area) Descriptor 676 and Velocity 677 indicating the linear velocity condition for specifying the exposure amount during recording
Read power 678 indicating the amount of exposure to the information storage medium during reproduction, Peak power 679 indicating the maximum amount of exposure to be given to the information storage medium for recording mark formation during recording, and erasing. Bias power (Bias powe) representing the maximum exposure given to the information storage medium at times
r) 680 and information 682 on media manufacture are recorded.

To put it another way, this Control data
Zone 655 includes information on the entire information storage medium such as physical sector numbers indicating recording start and recording end positions, and information such as recording power, recording pulse width, erasing power, reproducing power, and linear velocity at the time of recording / erasing. In addition, information related to recording / reproducing / erasing characteristics and information related to manufacturing of an information storage medium such as a manufacturing number of each disk are recorded in advance.

[0155] Lead-in Area 607 and Lead-out Area
The 609 Rewritable Data Zones 613 and 645 have a unique disc name recording area (Disc identifica
tionZone 662, 692) and test recording area (Drive test Zone 660, 694 and Disk for checking recording erasure conditions)
test zones 659 and 695) and a management information recording area relating to a defective area in the data area (defect management area; DMA1 & DMA2 663, DMA3 & D)
MA4 691) is provided. By using these areas, optimal recording can be performed on individual disks.

FIG. 11 shows the Data in the layout of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining details in an area 608.

The same number of groups are assigned to each of the 24 zones, and each group is used for the user area 723 used for data recording and the replacement processing.
Includes Spare Area 724 pairs. User Area 7
The 23 and Spare Area 724 pairs are separated by Guard Areas 771 and 772 for each zone. In addition, User Area 723 and Spare Area (Spar
e Area) 724 is in the same rotation speed zone,
The smaller group number belongs to the high-speed rotation zone, and the larger group number belongs to the low-speed rotation zone. The low-speed rotation zone group has a larger number of sectors than the high-speed rotation zone group, but the low-speed rotation zone has a larger radius of rotation of the disk, so that the physical recording density on the disk 10 is over the entire zone (all groups). Almost uniform.

In each group, the User Area 723 is arranged on the smaller sector number (that is, the inner circumference side on the disk), and the Spare Area 724 is arranged on the larger sector number (the outer circumference side on the disk).

Next, a recording signal structure of information recorded on a DVD-RAM disk as an information storage medium and a method of creating the recording signal structure will be described. The information itself recorded on the medium is called "information", and the structure or expression after scrambling or modulating the same information, that is, "1" after the signal form is converted.
The connection between the states “〜” and “0” is expressed as “signal”, and the two are appropriately distinguished.

FIG. 12 is a view for explaining the internal structure of a sector included in the data area shown in FIG. One sector 501a in FIG. 12 corresponds to one of the sector numbers in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 3, it has a size of 2048 bytes. Each sector is not shown, but the information storage medium (DVD-RAM)
The headers 573 and 574 previously recorded on the recording surface of the disc with an embossed structure such as embossing, and alternately include synchronization codes 575 and 576 and modulated signals 577 and 578.

Next, E on the DVD-RAM disk
The CC block processing method will be described.

FIG. 13 shows a recording unit (ECC of Error Correction Code) of information contained in Data Area 608 in FIG.
FIG.

An FAT (File Alloca) used frequently in a file system of an information storage medium for a personal computer (such as a hard disk HDD or a magneto-optical disk MO).
In the information table, information is recorded on the information storage medium using 256 bytes or 512 bytes as a minimum unit.

On the other hand, CD-ROM and DVD-RO
In information storage media such as M and DVD-RAM, UDF (Universal Disk Format; details will be described later) is used as a file system, and information is recorded on the information storage medium in a minimum unit of 2048 bytes. This minimum unit is called a sector. In other words, for an information storage medium using UDF, as shown in FIG.
Information of 048 bytes is recorded.

In the case of a CD-ROM or DVD-ROM, since the cartridge is handled with a bare disk without using a cartridge, the surface of the information storage medium is easily scratched by the user or dust is easily attached to the surface. There is a case where a specific sector (for example, the sector 501c in FIG. 13) cannot be reproduced (or cannot be recorded) due to dust or scratches on the surface of the information storage medium.

The DVD adopts an error correction method (ECC using a product code) in consideration of such a situation. Specifically, 16 sectors (in FIG. 13, 16 sectors from sector 501a to sector 501p)
Constitutes one ECC (Error Correction Code) block 502, in which a strong error correction function is provided. As a result, even if an error occurs in the ECC block 502 such that the sector 501c cannot be reproduced, the error is corrected and all the information in the ECC block 502 can be correctly reproduced.

FIG. 14 is a view for explaining the relationship between zones and groups (see FIG. 11) in the data area 608 of FIG.

Each zone in FIG. 8: Zone 00 620 to Zone 23
Numeral 643 is physically arranged on the recording surface of the DVD-RAM disk. As described in the column of the physical sector number 604 in FIG. 8 and the User Area in the Data Area 608 as described in FIG.
The physical sector number (starting physical sector number 701) of the first physical sector of Area 00 705 is 031000h (h:
(Meaning hexadecimal notation). Further, the physical sector number increases toward the outer peripheral side 704, and the user
a 00 705, 01 709, 23 707, Spare Area 00 708, 01 70
Regardless of 9, 23 710 and Guard Area 711, 712, 713, consecutive numbers are assigned. Therefore Zone 620
The continuity is maintained in the physical sector numbers across 643 to 643.

On the other hand, User Area 705, 706, 707
Each G consisting of a pair of Spare Area 708, 709, and 710
Guard Area 71 between roup 714, 715 and 716
1, 712 and 713 are inserted and arranged. Therefore each Group
Figure 1 shows the physical sector numbers across 714, 715, and 716.
It has a discontinuity like 1.

When a DVD-RAM disc having the configuration shown in FIG. 14 is used in an information recording / reproducing apparatus having an information recording / reproducing section (physical system block), the optical head 202
DVD-RAM while passing through Guard Area 711, 712, 713
Processing for switching the rotation speed of the disk can be performed. For example, if the optical head 202 is Gro from Group 00 705
seek seeks up 01 715 and passes D while passing Guard Area 711
The rotation speed of the VD-RAM disk is switched.

FIG. 15 is a view for explaining a method of setting a logical sector number in the data area 608 of FIG. The minimum unit of the logical sector matches the minimum unit of the physical sector, and
It is in units of 8 bytes. Each logical sector is assigned to a corresponding physical sector position according to the following rules.

[0172] As shown in FIG.
a Since 711, 712, and 713 are provided on the recording surface of the DVD-RAM disk, discontinuity occurs in the physical sector numbers over each Group 714, 715, and 716, but the logical sector number is A setting method is adopted in which a continuous connection is made at a position straddling 714, 01 715, and 23 716. The arrangement of Group 00 714 and 01 715 to 23 716 is such that the smaller group number (the smaller physical sector number) is located on the inner side of the DVD-RAM disc (Lead-in Are).
a 607), and the larger group number (the larger physical sector number) is arranged on the outer peripheral side (lead-out area 609 side) of the DVD-RAM disk.

In this arrangement, if there is no defect on the recording surface of the DVD-RAM disk, each logical sector is allocated to all physical sectors in User Area 00 705 to 23 707 in FIG. Physical sector number is 0310
The logical sector number of the sector at the start physical sector number 701 position of 00h is set to 0h (see each Gro in FIG. 11).
(See the column of logical sector number 774 of the first sector in up.)

As described above, when there is no defect on the recording surface, a logical sector number is not set in advance for each sector in Spare Area 00 708 to 23 710.

During a Certify process, which is a process of detecting a defect position on a recording surface in advance before recording on a DVD-RAM disk, during reproduction, or during recording,
If a defective sector is found in ser Area 00 705 to 23 707, as a result of the replacement process, the logical sector number is set for the corresponding sector in Spare Area 00 708 to 23 710 by the number of sectors that have been replaced. Is done.

Next, several methods for processing defects generated in the user area will be described. Before that, a defect management area (defect management areas (DMA1 to DMA4663, 691) in FIG. 9 or FIG. 10) necessary for defect processing and related matters will be described. [Defect Management Area] Defect Management Area (DMA1) ~ DMA
4 663, 691) is composed of 32 sectors, for example, data including information on the structure of the data area and defect management.
The two defect management areas (DMA1, DMA2 663) are arranged in the Lead-in Area 607 of the DVD-RAM disk, and the other two defect management areas (DMA3, DMA4).
691) is the Lead-out Area 609 for DVD-RAM disks.
Is placed within. Each defect management area (DMA1 to DM
After A4 663, 691), a spare sector (spare sector) is appropriately added.

Each defect management area (DMA1 to DMA46)
63, 691) are divided into two blocks. The first block of each defect management area (DMA1 to DMA4663, 691) includes a definition information structure (DDS; Disc Definition Structure) of a DVD-RAM disc and a primary defect list (PDL).
The second block of each defect management area (DMA1 to DMA4 663, 691) has a secondary defect list (SDL; Seco).
ndary Defect List). The four primary defect lists (PDL) of the four defect management areas (DMA1 to DMA4 663, 691) have the same contents, and the four primary defect lists (PDL) have the same contents.
The two secondary defect lists (SDL) have the same contents.

Four defect management areas (DMA1 to DMA
4 663, 691) have basically the same contents, but the pointers to the PDL and SDL of each of the four defect management areas are as follows:
Each content is individual.

Here, the DDS / PDL block is the DDS / PDL block.
And the first block containing PDL. Also,
The SDL block means a second block including the SDL.

Each defect management area after initializing the DVD-RAM disk (DMA1 to DMA4663, 691)
Is as follows: (1) The first sector of each DDS / PDL block is DD
(2) The second sector of each DDS / PDL block is P
(3) The first sector of each SDL block contains the SDL.

The block lengths of the primary defect list PDL and the secondary defect list SDL are determined by the respective numbers of entries. Each defect management area (DMA1 to DMA4
Unused sectors 663, 691) are overwritten with data 0FFh. All spare sectors are overwritten with 00h. [Disk definition information] The definition information structure DDS consists of a table having a length of one sector. This DDS is Disk 1
It has an initialization method of 0 and contents that define the start address of each of PDL and SDL. DDS is Disk 1
When the initialization of 0 is completed, it is recorded in the first sector of each defect management area (DMA). [Spare Sector] The defective sector in each Data Area 608 is replaced (replaced) by a predetermined defect management method (verification, slipping replacement, skipping replacement, linear replacement described later) with a normal sector. Spare sectors for this replacement are located in Spare Area 00 708 to
23 710 included in the spare area of each group. The physical sector numbers in each spare area are shown in FIG.
It is described in the column of Spare Area 724.

A DVD-RAM disk can be initialized before use, but this initialization can be performed regardless of whether verification has been performed.

The defective sector is subjected to the slipping replacement process (S
The processing is performed by a lipping replacement algorithm, a skipping replacement algorithm, or a linear replacement algorithm. The total number of entries listed in the PDL and SDL by these processes (Algorithm) is set to a predetermined number, for example, 4092 or less. [Initialization / Certify] Data of DVD-RAM disk
In many cases, an initialization process is performed before recording user information in the area 608, and a defect status inspection (Certify) of all sectors in the data area 608 is performed. Defective sectors found in the initialization stage are specified, and defective sectors in the User Area 723 are replaced by Spare Area 724 by slipping replacement processing or linear replacement processing according to the number of consecutive defective sectors.
Is interpolated by the spare sector in D while Certify is running
When the spare sectors in the zone of the VD-RAM disk are used up, the DVD-RAM disk is determined to be defective, and the DVD-RAM disk is not used thereafter.

The parameters of all definition information structures DDS are recorded in four DDS sectors. The primary defect list PDL and the secondary defect list SDL are recorded in four defect management areas (DMA1 to DMA4663, 691). In the first initialization, the update counter in the SDL is set to 00h, and all reserved blocks are set to 00h.
Is overwritten.

When the disk 10 is used for storing data in a computer, the above-described initialization and Certify are performed. When the disk 10 is used for video recording, video recording is performed immediately without performing the above-mentioned initialization and Certify. It is possible.

FIGS. 16A and 16B show the data area of FIG.
608 Slipping Replacement
FIG.

Immediately after the DVD-RAM disc is manufactured (when no user information has been recorded on the disc), or when the user information is recorded for the first time (instead of overwriting and recording over the already recorded location) In the case where information is first recorded in an unrecorded area), this slipping replacement processing is applied as a defect processing method.

That is, the found defective data sector (for example, m defective sectors 731) is replaced (or replaced) by the first normal sector (user area 723b) following the defective sector (replacement process 734). .
As a result, slipping (migration backward of the logical sector number) of m sectors occurs toward the end of the corresponding group. Similarly, if n defective sectors 732 are subsequently found, the defective sector is used in place of the succeeding normal sector (user area 723c), and the set position of the logical sector number is similarly shifted backward. As a result of the alternation processing, m + n sectors 737 from the beginning in Spare Area 724
Is set as a logical sector number, and becomes a user information recordable area. As a result, the unused area 726 in the spare area 724 is reduced by m + n sectors.

At this time, the address of the defective sector is written in the primary defect list (PDL), and the recording of the user information of the defective sector is prohibited. If no defective sector is found during Certify, nothing is written to the PDL.
Similarly, if the recording use area 743 in the Spare Area 724 is used.
If a defective sector is found in the spare sector, the address of the spare sector is also written to the PDL.

As a result of the above-mentioned slipping replacement processing, the User Areas 723a to 723c having no defective sectors and the Spare Area
The recording use area 743 in 724 becomes an information recording use part (logical sector number setting area 735) of the group, and a continuous logical sector number is assigned to this part.

FIG. 16C shows the data area 608 in FIG.
Skipping alternation (Skip alternation)
It is a figure explaining pping Replacement Algorithm).

The skipping replacement processing is a processing method suitable for defect processing when it is necessary to continuously (seamlessly) record user information such as video information and audio information without interruption. This skipping replacement process is performed in units of 16 sectors, that is, in units of ECC blocks (one sector is 2k
It is executed in units of 32 kbytes.

For example, if one defective ECC block 741 is found after the User Area 732a composed of normal ECC blocks, this defective ECC block 741
The data that was scheduled to be recorded in the normal User Area 7 immediately after
It is recorded instead of the ECC block 23b (alternate processing 744). Similarly, k consecutive defective ECC blocks 7
If 42 is found, the data to be recorded in these defective blocks 742 will be replaced by the normal User Area 7 immediately after.
It is recorded instead of k ECC blocks of 23c.

In this way, when 1 + k defective ECC blocks are found in the User Area of the corresponding group,
The (1 + k) ECC block shifts into the area of the Spare Area 724, and the extended area 743 used for information recording in the Spare Area 724 becomes a user information recordable area,
The logical sector number is set here. As a result Spare A
The unused area 726 of rea 724 is reduced by (1 + k) ECC blocks, and the remaining unused area 746 is reduced.

As a result of the replacement process, the User Areas 723a to 723c having no defective ECC block and the extension area 743 used for information recording become an information recording use part (logical sector number setting area) in the group. At this time, the logical sector number is set in a U
The ser areas 723a to 723c have a great feature in that the logical sector numbers allocated in advance at the time of initial setting (before the replacement processing) are kept unchanged.

As a result, the logical sector number previously assigned to each physical sector in the defective ECC block 741 at the time of initialization is moved to the first physical sector in the extension area 743 used for information recording as it is and set. Is done. Further, the logical sector number assigned at the time of initialization for each physical sector in the k consecutive defect ECC blocks 742 is translated as it is, and the extended area 74 used for information recording is used.
3 is set for each corresponding physical sector.

In this skipping replacement processing method, the DVD
-Even if the RAM disk has not been previously certified
Replacement processing can be immediately executed for a defective sector found during recording of user information.

FIG. 16D shows a linear replacement process (Linea replacement process) which is still another replacement process in the data area 608 of FIG.
FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining r Replacement Algorithm).

This linear replacement process is also executed in units of 16 sectors, that is, in units of ECC blocks (in units of 32 kbytes). In the linear replacement process, the defective ECC block 75
1 is the first available normal spare block in the corresponding group (the first replacement recording location 75 in the spare area 724).
3) is replaced (replaced) (replacement processing 758). In this replacement process, the user information to be recorded on the defective ECC block 751 is recorded as it is on the replacement recording location 753 in the Spare Area 724, and the logical sector number setting position is also directly on the replacement recording location 753. Moved. Similarly, for the k consecutive defect ECC blocks 752, the user information and the logical sector number setting position to be recorded move to the alternate recording location 754 in the spare area 724.

In the case of the linear replacement process and the skipping replacement process, the address of the defective block and the address of the last replacement (replacement) block are written in the SDL. When the replacement block put on the SDL (secondary defect list) is later found to be a defective block, the replacement block is registered in the SDL using the direct pointer method. In the direct pointer method, the address of the replacement block is changed from the address of the defective block to the new one, so that the SDL in which the replaced defective block is registered is changed.
Entry is modified. When updating the secondary defect list SDL, the update counter in the SDL is incremented by one.

[Write Processing] When data is written to a certain group of sectors, defective sectors listed in the primary defect list (PDL) are skipped. Then, the data to be written to the defective sector is written to the next data sector according to the above-described slipping replacement process. If the block to be written is a secondary defect list (SD
If it is listed in L), the data to be written to the block is written to the spare block specified by the SDL according to the above-described linear replacement processing or skipping replacement processing.

In a personal computer environment, linear replacement processing is used when recording a personal computer file, and skipping replacement processing is used when recording an AV file. [Primary Defect List; PDL] Primary Defect List (PDL)
Is always recorded on a DVD-RAM disk, but its contents can be empty.

The PDL contains the addresses of all defective sectors specified at the time of initialization. These addresses are listed in ascending order. The PDL is recorded with a necessary minimum number of sectors. The PDL then starts from the first user byte of the first sector. All unused bytes in the last sector of the PDL are set to 0FFh.
The following information will be written into this PDL: Byte position PDL content 0000h; PDL identifier 101h; PDL identifier 2 Number of addresses in PDL; MSB 3 Number of addresses in PDL; LSB 4 First 5 The address of the defective sector (sector number; MSB) 5 The address of the first defective sector (sector number) 6 The address of the first defective sector (sector number) 7 The address of the first defective sector (sector number; LSB) ... x- 3 Address of last defective sector (sector number; MSB) x-2 Address of last defective sector (sector number) x-1 Address of last defective sector (sector number) x Address of last defective sector (sector number; LSB) * Note: When the 2nd and 3rd bytes are set to 00h, the 3rd byte is The end of the DL.

In the case of a primary defect list (PDL) for a multi-sector, the address list of the defective sector is
It follows the first byte of the second and subsequent succeeding sectors. That is, the PDL identifier and the number of PDL addresses are
Only present in the first sector.

If the PDL is empty, the second byte and the third
The byte is set to 00h, and the 4th to 20th bytes are set.
47 bytes are set in FFh.

FFh is written to an unused sector in the DDS / PDL block.

[Secondary Defect List; SDL] The secondary defect list (SDL) is generated in the initialization stage and used after Certify. All disks have SDL recorded during initialization.

The SDL includes a plurality of entries in the form of an address of a defective data block and an address of a spare block which replaces the defective data block.
Eight bytes are allocated to each entry in the SDL. That is, four bytes are allocated to the address of the defective block, and the remaining four bytes are allocated to the address of the replacement block.

The address list includes the first address of a defective block and its replacement block. The addresses of defective blocks are assigned in ascending order.

[0210] The SDL is recorded with the minimum necessary number of sectors, and this SDL starts from the first user data byte of the first sector. All unused bytes in the last sector of the SDL are set to 0FFh. Subsequent information is recorded in each of the four SDLs.

If the replacement block listed in the SDL is later determined to be a defective block, the replacement block is registered in the SDL using the direct pointer method. In the direct pointer method, the address of the replacement block is changed from the address of the defective block to the new address, thereby correcting the entry in the SDL in which the replaced defective block is registered. At this time, the number of entries in the SDL is not changed by the degraded sector.

The following information is written in this SDL: byte position SDL contents 0 (00); SDL identifier 1 (02); SDL identifier 2 (00) 3 (01) 4 update counter MSB 5 Update counter 6 Update counter 7 Update counter; LSB 8 to 26 Reserved (00h) 27 to 29 Flag indicating that all spare sectors in the zone have been used up Flag 30 Number of entries in SDL; MSB 31 Number of entries in SDL; LSB 32 Address of first defective block (sector number; MSB) 33 Address of first defective block (sector number) 34 Address of first defective block (sector number) 35 Address of first defective block (sector number; LSB) 36 Address of first replacement block (sector number; MSB) 37 Address of first spare block (sector number) 38 Address of first spare block (sector number) 39 Address of first spare block (sector number; LSB) y-7 Address of last defective block (sector number; MSB) ) Y-6 Address of the last defective block (sector number) y-5 Address of the last defective block (sector number) y-4 Address of the last defective block (sector number; LSB) y-3 of the last replacement block Address (sector number; MSB) y-2 Address of last replacement block (sector number) y-1 Address of last replacement block (sector number) y Address of last replacement block (sector number; LSB) * Note; Each entry of the 30th to 31st bytes is 8 bytes long.

In the case of the secondary defect list (SDL) for the multi-sector, the address list of the defective block and the replacement block follows the first byte of the second and subsequent succeeding sectors. That is, the 0th byte to the 31st byte of the contents of the SDL exist only in the first sector. FFh is written to an unused sector in the SDL block.

An example of an operation for setting a logical block number for a DVD-RAM disk or the like will be described.

When the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 is loaded on the turntable 221, the control unit 220 starts the rotation of the spindle motor 204.

After the rotation of the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 is started, laser emission of the optical head 202 is started, and the focus servo loop of the objective lens in the optical head 202 is turned on.

After the laser emission, the control unit 220 operates the feed motor 203 to move the optical head 202 to the lead-in area 607 of the rotating information storage medium (optical disc) 201. Then, the track servo loop of the objective lens in the optical head 202 is turned on.

When the track servo is activated, the optical head 202 moves the L of the information storage medium (optical disc) 201
The information of the Control data Zone 655 in the ead-in Area 607 is reproduced. Book t in this Control data Zone 655
By reproducing the ype and Part version 671, a medium (DVD-RAM disk or DVD-
R disk). Here, the medium 10
Is a DVD-RAM disk.

When the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 is a DV
If it is confirmed that the disc is a D-RAM disc,
From the control data zone 655, information on the optimum light amount (emission power and emission period of the semiconductor laser or duty ratio) at the time of reproduction / recording / erasing is reproduced.

Subsequently, the control unit 220 creates a conversion table of physical sector numbers and logical sector numbers, assuming that the DVD-RAM disk 201 currently being driven for rotation has no defect.

After this conversion table is created, the control unit 22
0 is the lead-in are of the information storage medium (optical disk) 201
a 607 within the defect management area DMA1 / DMA2 663 and the defect management area DMA3 / within the lead-out area 609.
The DMA4 691 is reproduced, and the defect distribution of the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 at that time is examined.

When the defect distribution on the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 is found by the defect distribution investigation, the control unit 220
Corrects the conversion table created as “no defect” in step ST140 according to the actual defect distribution. Specifically, the logical sector number LSN corresponding to the physical sector number PSN is shifted in each of the sectors determined to be defective.

Next, an example of a defect processing operation (processing on the drive side) in a DVD-RAM disk or the like will be described.
First, for example, for the MPU in the control unit 220, a medium (eg, DVD-RA
The first logical block number LBN of the information to be recorded on the (M disk) 201 and the file size of the recorded information are specified. Then, the MPU of the control unit 220 calculates the head logical sector number LSN of the information to be recorded from the specified head logical block number LBN. The logical sector number to be written to the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 is determined from the head logical sector number LSN thus calculated and the designated file size.

Next, the MPU of the control unit 220 is a DVD-RA
The recording information file is written to the specified address of the M disk 201 and defects on the disk 201 are checked.

If no defect is detected during the writing of the file, it means that the recording information file has been recorded in the predetermined logical sector number without any abnormality (that is, no error has occurred), and the recording process has been completed normally. I do.

On the other hand, if a defect is detected during file writing, a predetermined replacement process (for example, a linear replacement process (Linea
r Replacement Algorithm) is executed. After this replacement process, the newly detected defect becomes the Lead-in Area of the disc.
607 DMA1 / DMA2663 and Lead-out Area
It is additionally registered in 609 DMA3 / DMA4 691. DMA1 / DMA to information storage medium (optical disk) 201
After additional registration of 2 663 and DMA3 / DMA4 691,
This DMA1 / DMA2 663 and DMA3 / DMA
4 The contents of the conversion table are modified based on the registered contents of 691.

Next, in FIGS. 17 to 22, the File System
A description will be given of UDF, which is a kind of.

[A-1]... UDF is a Universal Disk Format (Universal Disk)
The format is an abbreviation for “File management method” in a disk-shaped information storage medium. C
D-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-Video, D
VD-ROM, DVD-R and DVD-RAM are "ISO
UDF format standardized by 9660 "is adopted.

The file management method basically assumes a hierarchical file system that has a root directory (Root Directory) as a parent and manages files in a tree shape. Here, the DVD-RAM standard (Fil
A description of the UDF format conforming to e-System Specifications will be given, but most of the description is consistent with the DVD-ROM standard.

[A-2] Outline of UDF [A-2-1] Contents of File Information Recorded on Information Storage Medium When information is recorded on an information storage medium, a group of information is expressed as “file data” (File Data). The recording is performed in units of file data. A unique file name is added to each file data to distinguish it from other file data. Grouping for a plurality of file data having common information contents facilitates file management and file search. This group of multiple file data is called “Directory” or “Folder” (Fold
er). A unique directory name (folder name) is added to each directory (folder).
Further, the plurality of directories (folders) can be collected and grouped in a higher-level directory (higher-level folder) as a group in a higher hierarchy. Here, the file data and the directory (folder) are collectively called a file.

When information is recorded, all information relating to the information content of the file data itself, the file name corresponding to the file data, and the storage location of the file data (under which directory to record) are all information. Record on a storage medium.

Also, * directory name (folder name) for each directory (folder), * position where each directory (folder) belongs (position of parent directory (upper folder) as parent),
All information relating to the information is also recorded on the information storage medium.

[A-2-2] Information Recording Format on Information Storage Medium The entire recording area on the information storage medium is divided into logical sectors each having a minimum unit of 2048 bytes, and a logical sector number is linked to all logical sectors. Numbered. When information is recorded on the information storage medium, the information is recorded on a logical sector basis. The recording position on the information storage medium is managed by the logical sector number of the logical sector in which this information has been recorded.

As shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, the file structure (File Structure) 486 and the file data (File D)
ata) A logical sector in which information about 487 is recorded is also called a “logical block” and has a logical sector number (L
SN), a logical block number (LBN) is set. (The length of the logical block is 2 like the logical sector.
048 Bytes. [A-2-3] Example of Simplifying Hierarchical File System FIG. 19 shows an example of simplifying the hierarchical file system.
(A). UNIX, MacOS, MS-DOS,
Most OS file management systems such as Windows have a tree-like hierarchical structure as shown in FIG.

One disk drive (for example, one H
When the DD is divided into a plurality of partitions, each partition unit is shown), and one root directory (Root Directory) 401 serving as a parent of the whole is provided for each partition.
Exists, and a subdirectory (SubDirector
y) 402 belongs. In this SubDirectory 402
File Data 403 exists.

Actually, the present invention is not limited to this example.
File Data 403 exists directly below 401, or multiple
In some cases, SubDirectory 402 has a complicated hierarchical structure connected in series.

[A-2-4] Recorded contents of file management information on information storage medium File management information is recorded in the above-described logical block units. The contents recorded in each logical block are mainly: * a description sentence FID (File Identifier Descriptor)… a file type and a file name (Root Directory name,
SubDirectory name, File Data name, etc.).

[0238] A description sentence indicating the data content of the File Data following the FID and the recording location of the contents of the Directory (that is, the F corresponding to the file described below)
The recording position of E) is also described.

* A descriptive sentence indicating the recording position of the file contents
FE (FileEntry; FileEntry)… File Data data contents and Directory (SubDirecto)
ry etc.) is described on the information storage medium where information on the contents is recorded (logical block number).

[0240] An excerpt of the description content of the File Identifier Descriptor is shown in Fig. 24 (described later). The details will be described in “[B-4] File Identifier Descriptor”. An excerpt of the description contents of the File Entry is shown in FIG. 23 (described later), and its detailed description is described in “[B-3] File Entr.
y ”.

Next, a description sentence indicating a recording position on the information storage medium is a long allocation descriptor (Long Allocation Descriptor) shown in FIG. 20 and a short allocation descriptor (Short Allocation Descriptor) shown in FIG.
Allocation Descriptor). The detailed description of each is described in “[B-1-2] Long Allocation Descript
or "and" [B-1-3] Short Allocation Descripto
r ”.

As an example, FIG. 19B shows the recorded contents when the information of the file system structure of FIG. 19A is recorded on the information storage medium. The recorded contents of FIG. 19B are as follows. -Root Dire is assigned to the logical block with logical block number "1".
The contents of ctory 401 are shown.

... In the example of FIG.
Since only Sub Directory 402 is included in 401, Sub Directory 402 is included in the contents of Root Directory 401.
File Identifier Descriptor statement with information about 402
404. Although not shown, the information of the Root Directory 401 itself is also stored in the same logical block.
Listed in the entifier Descriptor statement.

[0244] File Ident of this Sub Directory 402
Identifier Descriptor statement 404 in Sub Directory 402
The recording position (the second logical block in the example of FIG. 19B) of the File Entry statement 405 indicating where the contents are recorded is described by the Long Allocation Descriptor statement (LAD (2)).・ Sub Direc is assigned to the logical block with logical block number “2”.
File Ent indicating the location where the contents of tory 402 are recorded
ry sentence 405 is recorded.

... In the example of FIG.
Since only File Data 403 is contained in 02, S
The contents of ub Directory 402 are practically File Dat
File Identifier that contains information about a403
This indicates the recording position of the Descriptor sentence 406.

[0246] Short Allocation D in File Entry statement
SubDirectory in third logical block with escriptor statement
It describes that the contents of 402 are recorded (AD (3)).・ Sub Direc is assigned to the logical block with logical block number “3”.
The contents of tory 402 are recorded.

[0247] In the example of FIG.
Since only File Data 403 is contained in 02, S
Information on File Data 403 is described in File Identifier Descriptor sentence 406 as the contents of ub Directory 402. Although not shown, the information of Sub Directory 402 itself is also stored in the same logical block as File Identifier D.
Listed in escriptor statement.

... File Identifi relating to File Data 403
The File Data 403 in the er Descriptor statement 406
FileEntry indicating where the contents of the file are recorded
The recording position of the statement 407 (recorded in the fourth logical block in the example of FIG. 19B) is Long Allocation
Described in the Descriptor statement (LAD (4)).・ File data is stored in the logical block of logical block number “4”.
403 Indicates the position where contents 408 and 409 are recorded
File Entry statement 407 is recorded.

... Short Allo in File Entry statement 407
cation Descriptor statement, File Data 403 content 408,
409 is described in the fifth and sixth logical blocks (AD (5), AD (6)).・ File data is stored in the logical block with logical block number “5”.
403 Content information (a) 408 is recorded.・ File data is stored in the logical block of logical block number “6”.
403 Content information (b) 409 is recorded. [A-2-5] Method of Accessing File Data According to FIG. 19 (b) Information As described briefly in “[A-2-4] Contents of File System Information Recorded on Information Storage Medium” Identifi
er Descriptor 404, 406 and File Entry 405,
Reference numeral 407 describes a logical block number in which information following the logical block number is described. File Identifier Descriptor and F, just like reaching File Data via SubDirectory while descending the hierarchy from Root Directory
According to the logical block number described in the ile entry, access is made to the data content of the file data while sequentially reproducing the information in the logical block on the information storage medium.

That is, for the information shown in FIG.
To access the File Data 403, first read the first logical block information. File Data 403 is Sub
Because it exists in Directory 402, the File Id of SubDirectory 402 is extracted from the first logical block information.
After searching for the entifier descriptor 404 and reading the LAD (2), the second logical block information is read accordingly. Since only one File Entry statement is described in the second logical block, AD (3) in it is read and 3
Move to the next logical block. In the third logical block, File Ident described for File Data 403
Look for ifier Descriptor 406 and read LAD (4).
When moving to the fourth logical block in accordance with LAD (4), since only one File Entry statement 407 is described there, AD (5) and AD (6) are read, and the contents of File Data 403 are recorded. Logical block numbers (5th and 6th) that have been set.

The contents of AD (*) and LAD (*) will be described in detail in "[B] Detailed description of each description sentence (Descriptor) of UDF". [A-3] Features of UDF [A-3-1] Description of UDF features FAT used in HDD, FDD, MO, etc.
The features of the UDF will be described in comparison with the above. 1) It is suitable for recording video information and music information having a large minimum unit (such as a minimum logical block size and a minimum logical sector size) and a large amount of information to be recorded.

... The logical sector size of the FAT is 512 By.
The UDF logical sector (block) size is as large as 2048 bytes with respect to tes. 2) In the FAT, an allocation management table (File AllocationTable) for assigning files to the information storage medium is locally recorded centrally on the information storage medium, whereas in the UDF, the file management information is distributedly recorded at an arbitrary position on the disk. it can.

In the UDF, the recording position of the file management information and file data on the disk is described in the Allocation Descriptor as a logical sector (block) number.

In the FAT, the file management area (File Al
It is suitable for applications that require frequent changes in file structure (mainly frequent rewriting applications) because it is centrally managed in the location table) (because management information is recorded in a central location and management information can be easily rewritten). File management information (F
Since the recording location of the “ile Allocation Table” is determined in advance, it is assumed that the recording medium has high reliability (the number of defective areas is small).

* In the UDF, since file management information is distributed, there is little significant change in the file structure.
The lower part of the hierarchy (primarily below the Root Directory)
This is suitable for the purpose of adding a new file structure later (mainly for additional writing) (at the time of additional writing, there are few changes to the previous file management information). Further, since the recording position of the distributed file management information can be arbitrarily specified, it is possible to perform recording while avoiding a congenital defective portion.

Since the file management information can be recorded at an arbitrary position, all the file management information can be collected and recorded at one location, and the advantage of the FAT can be obtained. Therefore, the file system can be considered as a more versatile file system. [B] Specific description of each description (Descriptor) of UDF [B-1] Description of logical block number [B-1-1] Allocation Descriptor "[A-2-4] File on information storage medium・ File Identifier Descr as shown in “System Information Record Contents”
A description sentence that is included in a part of iptor or File Entry and indicates the position (logical block number) where the information following it is recorded is called Allocation Descriptor. Alloca
The Action Descriptor contains the following Long Allocation Desc
There are riptor and Short Allocation Descriptor. [B-1-2] Long Allocation Descriptor As shown in FIG. 20, ・ Extent (Extent) length 410... The number of logical blocks is displayed in 4 bytes. ・ Extent position 411...
Displayed in 4 bytes, ・ Implementation Use 41
2. Information used for arithmetic processing, which is displayed in 8 bytes. In the description here, the description is simplified and described as “LAD (logical block number)”. [B-1-3] Short Allocation Descriptor As shown in FIG. 21, the length of Extent 410: the number of logical blocks is displayed in 4 bytes, the position of Extent 411: the corresponding logical block number
Displayed in 4 Bytes, consists only of. In the description here, the description is simplified and described as "AD (logical block number)". [B-2] Unlocated space entry (Unal
located Space Entry) As shown in FIG.
Short x Allocation Descript for each Extent
This is a description sentence described by or and arranged, and is used for SpaceTable (see FIGS. 17 and 18). Specific contents include: • Descriptor Tag 413: an identifier of the description content, in this case “263”; • ICB Tag 414: ICB Tag indicating the file type
Of File Type = 1 means Unallocated Space Entry, File Type = 4 is Directory, File Type = 5
Represents File Data. -The total number of Bytes is indicated by the total length of 415 ... 4 Bytes in the Allocation Descriptors column. Are described. [B-3] File Entry A description sentence described in “[A-2-4] Contents of file system information recorded on information storage medium”.

As shown in FIG. 23, ・ Descriptor Tag 417... Represents an identifier of the description content, in this case “261”. ・ ICB Tag 418... Indicates the file type.
-Permissions 419: Indicates recording / playback / deletion permission information for each user. Mainly used to ensure file security.-Allocation Descriptors 420: Records the contents of the file. Short Allocation Desc for each Extent
It describes riptors side by side. [B-4] File Identifier Descriptor A description sentence describing file information as described in “[A-2-4] Recorded contents of file system information on information storage medium”.

As shown in FIG. 24, Descriptor Tag 421 represents an identifier of the description content, in this case, "257". File Characteristics 422 represents the type of the file. Parent Directory, Directory, File
Data or any of the file deletion flags.・ Information Control Block 42
3 ... The FE location corresponding to this file is Long Allocation
It is described in Descriptor.・ File Identifier 424: Directory name or file name. Padding 437: A dummy area added to adjust the entire length of the File Identifier Descriptor, and normally all “0” are recorded. Is described.

[C] Example of file structure description recorded on information storage medium in accordance with UDF The contents shown in “[A-2] Overview of UDF” will be described in detail below using a specific example.

FIG. 25 shows an example of a more general file system structure than FIG. 19A. Direc in parentheses
Indicates the logical block number on the information storage medium in which information about the contents of the tory or the data content of the File Data is recorded.

An example in which the information of the file system structure shown in FIG. 25 is recorded on an information storage medium in accordance with the UDF format is shown in FIG. 17 and FIG.
486).

As a method of managing an unrecorded position on the information storage medium, * Space Bitmap method: Using a Space Bitmap Descriptor 470, all logical blocks in the recording area in the information storage medium are bit-mapped. Flag "recorded" or "unrecorded". * Space table method: Using the description method of Unallocated Space Entry 471, S
All unrecorded logical block numbers are described as a column of the hort Allocation Descriptor. There are two methods.

In the description of this embodiment, both methods are intentionally described in FIGS. 17 and 18 for the purpose of explanation, but actually both are used together (recorded on the information storage medium).
There are few things, only one of them is used.

The main Des described in FIG. 17 and FIG.
The outline of the contents of criptor is as follows.・ Beginning Extended Area Descriptor 445… Volume R
Indicates the start position of the ecognition sequence.・ Volume Structure Descriptor 446… Describes the description of Volume. ・ Boot Descriptor 447… Describes the processing at boot time. ・ Terminating Extended Area Descriptor 448… Volume
Indicates the end position of the Recognition Sequence. ・ Partition Descriptor 450: Indicates partition information (such as size).

In the DVD-RAM, one partition per 1 Volume is in principle. -Logical Volume Descriptor 454: Describes the contents of the logical volume.-Anchor Volume Descriptor Pointer 458: Main Volume Descriptor Sequence 4 in the recording area of the information storage medium.
49 and the recording position of Main Volume Descriptor Sequence 467.・ Reserved (all 00h bytes) 459 to 465 ... Specific Desc
In order to secure a logical sector number for recording a riptor, an adjustment area in which all “0” s are recorded is provided between them.・ Reserve Volume Descriptor Sequence 467… Main Vol
ume Descriptor. A backup area for information recorded in Sequence 449.

[D] Method of Accessing File Data at the Time of Reproduction The information storage medium for reproducing the data contents of, for example, File Data H 432 (see FIG. 25) using the file system information shown in FIGS. The above access processing method will be described. 1) The Volume Recognition Security is used as a boot area when the information recording / reproducing device is started or when the information storage medium is mounted.
Play the information of Boot Descriptor 447 in quence 444 area. 2) The processing at the time of booting starts according to the description contents of Boot Descriptor 447. If there is no specified boot process, the main volume descriptor sequence first
Logical Volume Des
criptor) Play 454 information. 3) Logical Volume Contents Us in Logical Volume Descriptor 454
e) 455 is described, and the logical block number indicating the position where the file set descriptor (File Set Descriptor) 472 is recorded is Long Allocation D
It is described in the escriptor (FIG. 20) format (in the example of FIGS. 17 and 18, it is recorded in the 100th logical block from the LAD (100)). 4) 100th logical block (3 in logical sector number)
72nd) to access the File Set Descriptor
Play 472. In Root Directory ICB473 in it
The location (logical block number) where the File Entry for Root Directory A 425 is recorded is Long Allocation
Descriptor (FIG. 20) format (FIG. 17,
In the example of FIG. 18, it is recorded in the 102nd logical block from LAD (102)).

The LAD of the Root Directory ICB 473 (10
According to 2), 5) access the 102nd logical block and Root Dir
Play File Entry 475 on ectory A 425, Roo
t Read the location (logical block number) where information about the contents of Directory A 425 is recorded (AD (10
3)). 6) Access the 103rd logical block and set Root Dir
Play information about the contents of ectory A 425.

File Data H 432 is Directory D 42
Since it exists under the 8 series, search for the File Identifier Descriptor for Directory D 428,
Logical block number in which File Entry for yD 428 is recorded (not shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, but LA block number)
D (110)). 7) Access the 110th logical block, and
Play File Entry 480 for yD428
The position (logical block number) where the information on the contents of tory D 428 is recorded is read (AD (11
1)). 8) Access the 111th logical block, and
y Play information about the contents of D428.

[0269] File Data H 432 is SubDirectory F 4
30 directly below, so SubDirectory F 430
Find File Identifier Descriptor for SubDi
The logical block number (LAD (112), not shown in FIGS. 17 and 18) in which File Entry related to rectory F430 is recorded is read. 9) Access the 112nd logical block and use SubDirec
Play File Entry 482 for tory F 430,
Read the position (logical block number) where the information about the contents of SubDirectory F 430 is recorded (AD
(113)). 10) Access the 113rd logical block and use SubDir
Play information about the contents of the ectory F 430 and select File
File Identifier Descriptor for Data H432
Search for And from there F about File Data H432
Logical block number recorded in ile Entry (Fig. 1
7. LAD (114) (not shown in FIG. 18) is read. 11) The 114th logical block is accessed and File D
Play File Entry 484 about ata H432 and File
Read the position where the data content 489 of Data H432 is recorded. 12) Information is reproduced from the information storage medium in the order of the logical block numbers described in the File Entry 484 regarding the File Data H432, and the data content of the File Data H432 is read.
Read 89.

[E] Method of Changing Specific File Data Contents A processing method including access when changing the data contents of, for example, File Data H 432 using the file system information shown in FIGS. 17 and 18 will be described. 1) Calculate the capacity difference of the data contents before and after the change of File Data H432, divide the value by 2048 Bytes, and add or use no more logical blocks to record the changed data. Is calculated in advance. 2) A Volume Recognition Sequence is used as a boot area when the information recording / reproducing device is started or when the information storage medium is mounted.
Play the information of Boot Descriptor 447 in quence 444 area. Processing at the time of booting starts according to the description contents of the Boot Descriptor 447.

If there is no specified boot process, 3) First, the Partition Descriptor 450 in the Main Volume Descriptor Sequence 449 area is reproduced, and the information of Partition Contents Use 451 described therein is read. . This Partition Contents Use 451 (Part
Space T
The record position of able or Space Bitmap is indicated.・ Space Table position is Unallocated Space Table 452
Is described in the format of Short AllocationDescriptor (AD (50) in the example of FIGS. 17 and 18).・ Space Bitmap position is Unallocated Space Bitmap 453
Is described in the format of Short Allocation Descriptor. (AD (0) in the example of FIGS. 17 and 18) 4) Access to the logical block number (0) in which the Space Bitmap read in 3) is described. Space Bitmap D
The Space Bitmap information is read from the escriptor 470, the unrecorded logical block is searched, and the use of the logical block corresponding to the calculation result of 1) is registered (Space Bitmap Descriptor 4
60 information rewriting process). Or 4 ') Access the logical block number (50) described in the Space Table read in 3). Space Table
USE (AD (*), AD (*),..., AD (*)) 471 is searched for an unrecorded logical block, and the use of the logical block corresponding to the calculation result of 1) is registered.

(Space Table Information Rewriting Process) * In the actual process, either one of “4)” and “4 ′)” is performed. 5) Next, the information of the Logical Volume Descriptor 454 in the Main Volume Descriptor Sequence 449 area is reproduced. 6) Logical V in Logical Volume Descriptor 454
olume Contents Use 455 is described, and Fil
The logical block number indicating the position where e Set Descriptor 472 is recorded is Long Allocation Descriptor (Fig. 2).
0) format (LA in the examples of FIGS. 17 and 18).
D (100) is recorded in the 100th logical block). 7) 100th logical block (4 in logical sector number)
00th) and File Set Descriptor
Play 472. In Root Directory ICB473 in it
The location (logical block number) where the File Entry for Root Directory A 425 is recorded is Long Allocation
Descriptor (FIG. 20) format (FIG. 17,
In the example of FIG. 18, it is recorded in the 102nd logical block from LAD (102)).

The Root Directory ICB 473 LAD (10
8) Access the 102nd logical block according to 2) and follow Root Dir
Play File Entry 475 on ectory A 425, Roo
t Read the position (logical block number) where information about the contents of Directory A 425 is recorded (AD (10
3)). 9) Access the 103rd logical block and set Root Dir
Regenerate information about the contents of the ectory A 425.

File Data H 432 is Directory D 42
Since it exists under the 8 series, look for the File Identifier Descriptor for Directory D 428,
Logical block number in which File Entry related to D 428 is recorded (not shown in FIGS.
(110)) is read. 10) Access the 110th logical block and use Direct
Play File Entry 480 for ory D 428, Dir
The position (logical block number) where the information on the contents of the sector D 428 is recorded is read (AD (11
1)). 11) Access the 111th logical block and use Direct
Plays information about the contents of ory D 428.

[0275] File Data H432 is SubDirectoryF4.
30 directly below, so SubDirectory F 430
Find the File Identifier Descriptor for SubDir
The logical block number (LAD (112), not shown in FIGS. 17 and 18) in which the File Entry relating to sectory F 430 is recorded is read. 12) Access the 112nd logical block and use SubDir
Play File Entry 482 for ectoryF 430
Read the position (logical block number) where information on the contents of ubDirectory F 430 is recorded (AD (1
13)). 13) Access the 113th logical block and use SubDir
ectory F 430 plays the information about the contents, File D
File Identifier Descriptor for ata H432
Search for And from there F about File Data H432
Logical block number recorded in ile Entry (Fig. 1
7. LAD (114) (not shown in FIG. 18) is read. 14) The 114th logical block is accessed, and File D is accessed.
Play File Entry 484 about ata H432 and File Da
Read the position where the data content 489 of taH432 is recorded. 15) Data contents of FileData H432 after change taking into account the logical block number additionally registered in 4) or 4 ')
Record 9. [F] Specific file data / directory erasure processing method As an example, File Data H432 or SubDirectory F
430 will be described. Boot when the information recording / reproducing device is started or when the information storage medium is attached (Boo
t) Play the information of Boot Descriptor 447 in the Volume Recognition Sequence 444 area as the area. Boo
t Boot according to the description of Descriptor 447 (Boot
) Time processing begins. If there is no specified boot process, start with Main Volume Descriptor Sequ
Logical Volume Descriptor 454 in the ence 449 area
Play the information of. 3) Logical V in Logical Volume Descriptor 454
olume Contents Use 455 is described, and Fil
The logical block number indicating the position where e Set Descriptor 472 is recorded is Long Allocation Descriptor (Fig. 2).
0) format (LA in the examples of FIGS. 17 and 18).
D (100) is recorded in the 100th logical block). 4) 100th logical block (4 in the logical sector number)
00th) and File Set Descriptor
Play 472. In Root Directory ICB473 in it
The location (logical block number) where the File Entry for Root Directory A 425 is recorded is Long Allocation
Descriptor (FIG. 20) format (FIG. 17,
In the example of FIG. 18, it is recorded in the 102nd logical block from LAD (102)).

The Root Directory ICB 473 LAD (10
According to 2), 5) access the 102nd logical block and Root Dir
Play File Entry 475 on ectory A 425, Roo
t Read the location (logical block number) where information about the contents of Directory A 425 is recorded (AD (10
3)). 6) Access the 103rd logical block and set Root Dir
Play information about the contents of ectory A 425.

File Data H 432 is Directory D 428
Look for the File Identifier Descriptor for Directory D 428
The logical block number in which the File Entry relating to 428 is recorded (not shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, but LAD (1
Read 10)). 7) Access the 110th logical block, and
Play File Entry 480 for yD428
The position (logical block number) where information on the contents of tory D 428 is recorded is read (AD (111)). 8) Access the 111th logical block, and
y Reproduce information about the contents of D428.

[0278] File Data H432 is SubDirectoryF4.
30 directly below, so SubDirectory F 430
Find the File Identifier Descriptor for. << When deleting SubDirectory F430 >> Sub
File Identifier Descript for DirectoryF 430
The “file deletion flag” is set in the File Characteristics 422 (FIG. 24) in or.

File En for SubDirectory F 430
Logical block number recorded by try (FIGS. 17 and 18)
(Not shown), the LAD (112) is read. 9) Access the 112nd logical block and use SubDirec
Play File Entry 482 for tory F 430, Sub
The position (logical block number) at which information about the contents of Directory F 430 is recorded is read (AD (11
3)). 10) Access the 113rd logical block, reproduce information about the contents of SubDirectory F 430, and File Identifier Desc for File Data H432
Look for riptor. 《To delete File Data H432》 File Data
F in File Identifier Descriptor for H432
The “file deletion flag” is set in the ile Characteristics 422 (FIG. 24). From there File Data H
Logical block number in which File Entry for 432 is recorded (not shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, but LAD (1
Read 14)). 11) The 114th logical block is accessed and File D
Play File Entry 484 about ata H432 and File
Read the position where the data content 489 of Data H432 is recorded. << When erasing File Data H432 >> The logical block in which the data content 489 of the File Data H432 is recorded is released by the following method (the logical block is registered in an unrecorded state). 12) Next, the Partition Descriptor 450 in the Main Volume Descriptor Sequence 449 area is reproduced, and the information of Partition Contents Use 451 described therein is read. This Partition Contents Use 451 (Partitio
n Header Descriptor)
Or the recording position of Space Bitmap is shown. The Space Table position is described in the column of Unallocated Space Table 452 in the form of Short AllocationDescriptor (AD (50) in the examples of FIGS. 17 and 18).・ Space Bitmap position is Unallocated Space Bitmap 453
Is described in the format of Short Allocation Descriptor (AD (0) in the examples of FIGS. 17 and 18). 13) Access the logical block number (0) described in the Space Bitmap read in 12), and write the “logical block number to be released” obtained as a result of 11) in SpaceBitmap.
Rewrite to Descriptor 470. Or 13 ') Access the logical block number (50) described in the Space Table read in 12), and enter the "logical block number to be released" obtained as a result of 11) in Space Tab.
Rewrite to le. * In the actual processing, either “13)” or “13 ′)” is performed. << When erasing File Data H432 >> 12) Follow the same procedure as 10) to 11) to perform File Data
The position where the data content 490 of I 433 is recorded is read. 13) Next, the Partition Descriptor 450 in the Main Volume Descriptor Sequence 449 area is reproduced, and the information of Partition Contents Use 451 described therein is read. This Partition Contents Use 451 (Partit
space in the ion header descriptor)
The recording position of Table or Space Bitmap is indicated.・ Space Table position is Unallocated Space Table 452
Is described in the format of Short AllocationDescriptor (AD (50) in the example of FIGS. 17 and 18).・ Space Bitmap position is Unallocated Space Bitmap 453
Is described in the format of Short Allocation Descriptor (AD (0) in the example of FIGS. 17 and 18). 14) Access the logical block number (0) described in the Space Bitmap read in 13), and 11) and 1
The “logical block number to be released” obtained as a result of 2) is
Rewrite to pace Bitmap Descriptor 470. Or, access the logical block number (50) described in the Space Table read in 14 ') 13), and 11) and 1
The “logical block number to be released” obtained as a result of 2) is
Rewrite to pace Table. * In the actual processing, either "14)" or "14 ')" is performed.

[G] Addition processing of file data / directory An access / addition processing method when adding new file data or directory under the Sub Directory F 430 will be described as an example. 1) When adding file data, the capacity of the file data content to be added is checked, and the value is set to 2048 bytes.
Divide by s to calculate the number of logical blocks required to add file data. 2) Volume Recognition Seq as a boot area when the information recording / reproducing device is started or when the information storage medium is mounted.
Play the information of Boot Descriptor 447 in uence 444 area. Processing at the time of booting starts according to the description contents of the Boot Descriptor 447. If there is no specified boot process, 3) First, the Partition Descriptor 450 in the Main Volume Descriptor Sequence 449 area is reproduced, and the information of Partition Contents Use 451 described therein is read. This Partition Contents Use 451 (Partit
Space Table in the “Ion Header Descriptor”
Or the recording position of Space Bitmap is shown. The Space Table position is described in the form of Short AllocationDescriptor in the column of Unallocated Space Table 452 (AD (50) in the examples of FIGS. 17 and 18).・ Space Bitmap position is Unallocated Space Bitmap 453
Is described in the format of Short Allocation Descriptor (AD (0) in the example of FIGS. 17 and 18). 4) Access the logical block number (0) described in the Space Bitmap read in 3). Space Bitmap D
The Space Bitmap information is read from the escriptor 470, the unrecorded logical block is searched, and the use of the logical block corresponding to the calculation result of 1) is registered (Space Bitmap Descriptor 4
60 information rewriting process). Or 4 ') Access the logical block number (50) described in the Space Table read in 3). Space Table
USE (AD (*), AD (*),..., AD (*)) 471 is searched for an unrecorded logical block, and the use of the logical block corresponding to the calculation result of 1) is registered.

(Space Table Information Rewriting Process) * In the actual process, one of "4)" and "4 ')" is performed. 5) Next, the information of the Logical Volume Descriptor 454 in the Main Volume Descriptor Sequence 449 area is reproduced. 6) Logical V in Logical Volume Descriptor 454
olume Contents Use 455 is described, and Fil
The logical block number indicating the position where e Set Descriptor 472 is recorded is Long Allocation Descriptor (Fig. 2).
0) format (LA in the examples of FIGS. 17 and 18).
D (100) is recorded in the 100th logical block). 7) 100th logical block (4 in logical sector number)
00th) and File Set Descriptor
Play 472. In Root Directory ICB473 in it
The location (logical block number) where the File Entry for Root Directory A 425 is recorded is Long Allocation
Descriptor (FIG. 20) format (FIG. 17,
In the example of FIG. 18, it is recorded in the 102nd logical block from LAD (102)).

The LAD of the Root Directory ICB 473 (10
8) Access the 102nd logical block according to 2) and follow Root Dir
Play File Entry 475 on ectory A 425, Roo
t Read the location (logical block number) where information about the contents of Directory A 425 is recorded (AD (10
3)). 9) Access the 103rd logical block and set Root Dir
Play information about the contents of ectory A 425.

File Ident for Directory D 428
Identifier Descriptor, and the logical block number where the File Entry for Directory D 428 is recorded (Fig. 1
7. LAD (110) (not shown in FIG. 18) is read. 10) Access the 110th logical block and use Direct
Play File Entry 480 for ory D 428, Dir
The position (logical block number) where the information on the contents of the sector D 428 is recorded is read (AD (11
1)). 11) Access the 111th logical block and use Direct
Plays information about the contents of ory D 428.

File Id related to Sub Directory F 430
Look for the entifier Descriptor and search for SubDirectory F 430
Logical block number in which File Entry is recorded (LAD (112), not shown in FIGS. 17 and 18)
Read. 12) Access the 112nd logical block and set Sub D
The file entry 482 relating to the irectory F 430 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information about the contents of the sub directory F 430 is recorded is read (A
D (113)). 13) Access the 113rd logical block and set Sub D
File data or directory File I to be newly added to the information on the contents of irectory F430
Register dentifier Descriptor. 14) The logical block number position registered in 4) or 4 ') is accessed, and File Entry relating to newly added file data or directory is recorded. 15) Short Allocation De in File Entry of 14)
Parent Direct about the directory to be accessed by accessing the logical block number position indicated in the scriptor
Record the contents of the ory File Identifier Descriptor or the file data to be added.

FIGS. 26 and 27 show a list of contents necessary for recording AV information on the information storage medium, and contents which can be expected to have an original effect according to the present invention. FIG.
8 shows a classification of the embodiment of the present invention. FIG.
6. There are nine types of embodiments of the present invention that realize the functions (effects) required when recording the AV information shown in FIG. XX, XX-
PS, LBN / ODD, LBN / ODD-PS, LBN
/ UDF, LBN / UDF-PS, LBN / UDF-C
DAFi, LBN / XXX, and LBN / XXX-PS are shown. FIG. 28 summarizes and describes the characteristic functions of each embodiment.

The case where the LBN is not set in the vertical direction of the left orchid is distinguished from the case where the LBN is set. The horizontal direction in the uppermost column indicates the case where a spare spare area is not reserved and the case where a spare area is reserved in advance when creating the continuous data area. It shows the management place and management method of unused area. FIG. 29 summarizes the effects obtained when each embodiment is used.

FIG. 30 shows the relationship between LBN and AV Address in an AV file according to the present invention. AV File 140
As shown in FIG. 30A, the information 1 is physically scattered and recorded on the information storage medium. Now AV File 14
01 is Extent # α 3166, Extent # γ 3168,
Extent # δ 3169 is distributed and recorded, and the entry order on File Entry is Extent # δ 3169, Extent # γ
3168, the case where Extent # α 3166 is set is considered. The AV Address managed by the recording / reproducing application 1 continuously connects Extents registered in the File Entry irrespective of the recording position on the information storage medium.
The smaller AV Address value is set in the order of the entry on y. AV Address is managed by Extent. For example, Extent # γ 31
If the LBN value of the first sector is “c” as shown in FIG. 30A and the LBN value of the last sector is “d−1”, the AV Address value of the same sector is shown in FIG.
As shown in (b), “fe” and “(fe)” respectively.
+ (Dc) -1 ".

As shown in FIG. 16, Linear Repl as a replacement method for a defective area generated on an information storage medium
The explanation of acement and Skipping Replacement was explained. Here, the LBN (Logical Block N
umber) Focusing on comparison of setting methods. As described above, the entire recording area on the information storage medium is divided into sectors each having 2048 bytes, and all sectors are physically physically assigned sector numbers (PSNs) in advance.
er). This PSN is an information recording / reproducing device (ODD: Optical Disk Drive) as described in FIG.
) 3. As shown in FIG. 31 (β), in the Linear Replacement method, the setting place of the replacement area 3455 is limited to the Spare Area 724 and cannot be set at an arbitrary place. If there is no defective area on the information storage medium, the user area 723
LBNs are allocated to all sectors in the
No LBN is set for the sector in ea 724. Us
defect area 34 in the ECC block unit in the
When 51 occurs, the setting of the LBN at this location is removed (3461), and the LBN value is set for each sector in the replacement area 3455. In the example of FIG. 31 (β), “b” and LB are set as the PSNs of the first sector of the recording area 3441.
The value of “a” is set as N, respectively. Similarly, the PSN of the first sector of the recording area 3442 is “b + 3
2 "and LBN are set to" a + 32 ". As data to be recorded on the information storage medium, there are record data # 1, record data # 2, and record data # 3 as shown in FIG. At this time, the recording data # 1 is recorded in the recording area 3441, and the recording data # 3 is recorded in the recording area 3442. The recording areas 3441 and 3442.
If the area where the PSN of the first sector starts with "b + 16" is the defective area 3451, no data is recorded here and no LBN is set. Instead, the PSN of the first sector in Spare Area 724
Is recorded data # in the substitute area 3455 starting with "d".
2 is recorded, and an LBN starting with the first sector “a + 16” is set. As shown in Figure 6, File System
2 manages the address of LBN, Linear Replac
In the ement method, the LBN is set to avoid the defect area 3451. Therefore, the File System 2 does not need to be aware of the defect area 3451 on the information storage medium.
It is a feature of the law. Conversely, in this method, File Sys
On the tem 2 side, there is also a drawback that no response can be taken regarding the defective area 3451 on the information storage medium.

On the other hand, in the Skipping Replacement method, as shown in FIG. 31 (γ), an LBN is set also for the defective area 3452, and the File System 2 also handles the defective area generated on the information storage medium. There is a major feature of the present invention in that it is possible to remove (be within the management range). In the example of FIG. 31 (γ), the LBN of the first sector of the defective area 3452 is set to “a + 16”. The replacement area 3456 for the defect area 3452 is set to User
The following feature of the present invention resides in that it can be set at an arbitrary position in the area 723. As a result, the replacement area 3456 is arranged immediately after the defect area 3452, and
2 immediately replaces the recording data # 2 to be recorded on
456. Linear Re shown in Fig. 31 (β)
In the placement method, it is necessary to move the optical head to the spare area 724 in order to record the recording data # 2, and it takes a long time to access the optical head. On the other hand, in the Skipping Replacement method, the access of the optical head is unnecessary, and the recording data # 2 can be recorded immediately after the defective area. Skipping as shown in FIG.
In the Replacement method, the Spare Area 724 is not used and is treated as a non-recording area 3459.

When the recording method as shown in FIG. 31 (β) is performed, the optical head is frequently physically moved.

On the other hand, the point of the embodiment shown in FIG. 31 (γ) showing the major feature of the present invention and the effect corresponding thereto are as follows.

.. Linear Replacem shown in FIG. 31 (β)
With the ent method or the defect processing method shown in FIG. When the amount of defects generated on the information storage medium is small, it is possible to completely leave the defect management to the information recording / reproducing device 3 as shown in FIG. In addition, when a large number of defects exceeding the size of the spare area occur, a failure occurs if the defect management is performed only by the information recording / reproducing device 3. On the other hand, LBN is set to the defective area 3452, and File System
If the location of the defective area 3452 can be recognized on the m2 side, step ST3-05 of the recording procedure described later will be described.
The information recording / reproducing device 3 and Fil
The e System 2 can cooperate with the defect processing, and can continuously record the video information without failure even when a large number of defects occur on the information storage medium. B) User
Defective area 34 generated in Area 723 and set with LBN
52 is left in the LBN space as it is.

... Linear Replacem shown in FIG.
Even when the LBN is set in the Spare Area 724 (extended area 743 used for information recording) as shown in FIG. )) There is a problem when deleting recorded information and recording new information.

That is, when viewed from File System 2, LBN
Contiguous addresses are all set in the space (Spa
File System 2 indicates that the LBN set in re Area 746 is located physically away from User Area 723.
The File System 2 attempts to record information in a continuous range on the LBN space. Once SpareAr
If the LBN is set in the ea 724, the information recording / reproducing apparatus 3 must record information on the information storage medium in accordance with the designation of the File System 2, and at the time of recording, the information is recorded in the Spare Area 72.
4 It is necessary to move to the upper LBN setting location to record information, the access frequency of the optical head increases, the video information temporary storage amount in the semiconductor memory in the information recording / reproducing device becomes saturated, and as a result, continuous recording becomes impossible. May be possible.

On the other hand, if the LBN set as shown in FIG. 31 (γ) is always set in the User Area 723, unnecessary information of the optical head is required when another information is recorded at that location after deleting information. Access can be restricted, and continuous recording of video information becomes possible. C] A replacement area 3456 is set immediately after the defective area 3452 generated in the User Area 723.

... As described above, L shown in FIG.
Compared to the inear replacement method, the Skippin of Fig. 31 (γ)
According to the g Replacement method, the recording data # 2 can be recorded immediately after the defective area. As a result, unnecessary access of the optical head can be restricted, and continuous recording of video information becomes possible. There is a place to say.

The data structure of the defect management information when the Skipping Replacement method is performed will be described. In this embodiment, the method of recording defect management information in this case is as follows: 1) Record and manage as PSN information on the information storage medium as shown in FIG. After converting to LBN information in the information recording / reproducing device,
And 2) a method of recording and managing the information as LBN information on an information storage medium as shown in FIG. 33, and directly reproducing and processing the information without intervening the information recording / reproducing device 3. (In this case, the process of recording the defect management information on the information storage medium is also directly handled on the File System side).

In the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG.
X, XX-PS, LBN / ODD, LBN / ODD-P
S, LBN / XXX, LBN / XXX-PS use the method of FIG. 32, and LBN / UDF, LBN / UDF-P
S, LBN / UDF-CDA Fix uses the method of FIG.

As shown in FIG. 9 and FIG.
The defect management information corresponding to the acement method is PSN information as the Lean-in Area 1002 and Lean-out Area 1005 in FIG.
DMA areas 663 and 691 are provided in the Rewritable data Zones 613 and 645 within the Secondary Defect List 3
413 is already recorded.

The embodiment of the present invention is greatly characterized in that defect management information (SDL3413) corresponding to PC data and defect management information (TDL3414) corresponding to AV data (video information) are separately recorded.

That is, in the present invention, the Skipping Replacemen
Defect management information corresponding to the t method
3414. One substitution process (for example, FIG. 31
Replacement area 345 for defective area 3452 in (γ)
6 settings) for each TDL entry
3427 and 3428 information.

For the Linear Replacement method, the first sector 3 in the defective ECC block, which is defective area location information,
431 and the set information of the start position sector number 3432 in the replacement ECC block of the defective block indicating the replacement area location. In the case of the Skipping Replacement method, the location of the replacement area 3456 is replaced by the defect area 3452.
TDL entry 3427, 3
Instead of specifying the start sector number (PSN) 3433 in the defective ECC block and the replacement area location as the information in 428, “FFFF” is used as Skipping Replacement identification information.
FFh ”is set as the set information of the location 3434 where the information is recorded.
Defect management information consistent with the DL entries 3422 and 3423 can be recorded on the information storage medium.
The defect management information shown in FIG.
Managed by the side. TD reproduced on the information recording / reproducing device 3 side
All L3414 information or SDL3413 information is PS
N. As shown in FIGS. 31 (β) and (γ), there is a one-to-one correspondence between PSN and LBN for each defect processing method. Specifically, using the relationship shown in FIG.
After performing “N → LSN conversion”, perform “LSN → LBN conversion” using the relationship of FIGS. 17 and 18, and then notify the file system 2 of the defect management information as LBN information.

The defect management information shown in FIG. 32 is managed by the information recording / reproducing apparatus, whereas the defect management information shown in FIG. 33 is managed on the File System 2 side.
It is recorded on an information storage medium (Optical Disk 1001) in N information format.

[0304] This information is provided by Volume & File Manager Info.
Main Volume Descr managed by UDF in rmation 1003
Recorded in iptor Sequence 449. Defect information is collectively referred to as Sparing Table 469, and linear replacement
Defect management information corresponding to ent is Secondary Defect Map
3471, and defect management information corresponding to Skipping Replacement is recorded in Tertiary Defect Map 3472.
In both cases, SD Map entry 3482,
3483 and TD Map entry 3487, 3488. Each Map
The information description content in the entry is the same as that shown in FIG.

FIG. 34 shows the relationship between the defect management information shown in FIG. 33 and the defect / replacement processing recorded on the information storage medium, by the spiking replacement processing,
The comparison in the case of the linear replacement processing is shown.

The first sector number 3493 in the defective ECC block in the TDM 3472 corresponds to the defect area 3 in FIG.
452 (ECC block = managed in units of 16 sectors)
And the replacement area 3456 for recording the video information for that location is always immediately after the defect area 3452, so that “FFFFFFh” 349 is shown in FIG.
4 are recorded.

As described above, the replacement area 3456 can be arbitrarily added at the time of recording the AV information. However, the replacement area at the time of occurrence of a defect with respect to the PC information is shown in FIG.
Spare Area 724 is determined in advance, and Spare Area
When ea 724 was used up, the replacement process became impossible. In order to solve the problem, defects frequently occur on the information storage medium, and the Spare Area 724 shown in FIG.
Of the present invention is used to secure an additional replacement area for a defective area when recording a PC file when is full.
As shown in FIG. 4 (β), a major feature of the present invention resides in that a substitute exclusive file 3501 is set in the User Area 723.

As shown in FIG. 35 (a), a small amount of video information 3 to be additionally recorded with respect to video information 3511 already recorded
In the case of additionally recording 513, in the present invention, a Contiguous Data Area # 3 3507 is secured as shown in FIG. 35B, and the remaining part is managed as an unused area 3515.
When a small amount of video information 3514 to be additionally recorded is additionally recorded, the video information 3514 is recorded from the head position of the unused area 3515. As a method of managing the head position of the unused area 3516, the LBN / ODD, LB in the embodiment of FIG.
N / ODD-PS, LBN / UDF, LBN / UDF-
PS, LBN / UDF-CDA Fix, LBN / XXX, LB
The embodiment of N / XXX-PS is Information Le
ngth 3517 information is used. The information length information 3517 is, as shown in FIG.
It is recorded in 0. This Information Length 35
17 indicates the information size actually recorded from the beginning of the AV file as shown in FIG.

[0309] Depending on the embodiment of the present invention, there is also an embodiment in which it is necessary to cope with Contiguous Data Area at the time of partial erasure in an AV file. In the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 28, in LBN / UDF and LBN / XXX, as shown in FIG.
The part to be erased is completely erased without securing the boundary position of the Data Area. As shown in FIG. 37, Video Object #B 3532, which is the part to be erased, is displayed in Extent # 2 (C
DA: Contiguous Data Area # β and Extent # 4 (C
DA # δ), after erasing,
As shown in (b), Extent # 6 3546 and Extent # 7
The size of 3547 becomes smaller than the allowable minimum value of the Contiguous Data Area.

On the other hand, among the embodiments shown in the table of FIG. 28, XX, XX-PS, LBN / ODD, LBN
/ ODD-PS uses Contiguous Data on the recording / playback application 1 side
Manages the boundary position of Area. That is, A of the disk
In the V data, there is an Allocation Map Table, and the boundary position information of the Contiguous Data Area is recorded in this table. Therefore, when erasing Video Object #B 3532, CDA # β3536 and CDA #
Unused VOB355 is the part hanging over δ3538
2, 3553, and additionally registered as unused VOB # A information in VideoObject Control Information. This configuration is shown in FIG.

In the embodiment shown in the table of FIG. 28, LBN / UDF-CDA Fix, LBN / UDF-P
For S, LBN / XXX-PS, Con
Performs boundary position management of tiguousData Area. LBN / U
In the DF-CDA Fix, the CDA is divided in advance in the entire recording area on the information storage medium as shown in FIG.
Contiguo is stored in Boot Descriptor 447 which is the boot area in Volume Recognition Sequence 444 of UDF.
Us Data Area boundary position management information is recorded.
Individual CDAs are identified by individual CDA Entry 3555, 3556
Are managed separately, and the size 3557 and the head LBN3
558 are recorded. LBN / UDF-PS, L
The BN / XXX-PS does not have such prior information, and can freely set the CDA area.

[0312] Video Obj to be deleted from the recording / reproduction application 1
ect #B 3532 When the AVAddress and the data size at the head position are specified, the File System 2 side does not use the partial erase location on CDA # β and CDA # δ.
File En in AV file as t 3548, 3549
Registered in try. Unused Extent 3548, 354
9 is the File En of the video information (AV file).
Change Allocation Descriptors 420 in try 3520 to Lo
ng Allocation Descriptor and Implementation Use
“Unused Extent flag” is set as an attribute in 3528 and 412. DVD-RA as information storage medium
When an M disk is used, recording and partial deletion processing in units of ECC blocks 502 are required. Therefore, ECC block boundary position management is required. In this case, when the management of the boundary position of the deletion designated area and the ECC block boundary position are deviated, unused Extents are stored in a fractional portion as in FIG.
3548 and 3549 are set, and an “unused Extent flag” is added as an attribute as shown in FIG.

The method of setting an unused area at the time of additional recording / partial erasure to secure the CDA boundary position and the ECC block boundary position has been described above.

Next, in the embodiment shown in FIG.
After recording video information in N / UDF and LBN / XXX
The difference in the Extent setting method will be described with reference to FIGS. 40 and 41. In both cases, defect management information is recorded on the information storage medium with respect to a defective area on the information storage medium found at the time of recording the video information. LBN / UDF uses defect management information
TDM managed by File System 2 (T in FIG. 33 (e)
DM3472). File for LBN / UDF
Since defect management is performed on System 2, defect area 3
Extent # 4 3574 including 566 (FIG. 40)
(E)) Yes. In LBN / XXX, the defect management information is managed by the information recording / reproducing apparatus 3 in the TDL (TDL in FIG. 32 (e)).
DL3414), avoiding the defective area 3566, and
Set xtent (Fig. 41).

As shown in FIG. 40 and FIG.
Let's consider the case where Extent is set to avoid. now,
After the AV information is recorded in the form shown in FIGS. 40 and 41 (e), After the AV information recording is completed, another PC file is recorded in the LBN location corresponding to the defective area 3566 (in this case,
Linear Replacement processing is performed). 2. Further, to delete the previously recorded AV file, the Contiguous Data Area #B in FIGS. 40 and 41A is deleted. 3. Contiguous Data Area from which other AV information has been deleted
There is a possibility that a process of recording at the location #B may occur. In this case, the PC file has already been recorded in the LBN location corresponding to the defective area 3566 in the LBN space.

In the embodiment LBN / XXX of the present invention, as shown in FIG.
There is a great feature in that a continuous data area 3593 can be set. A specific setting method will be described later. Cont
In the present invention, the setting conditions of the iguous data area 3593 are as follows: a) an existing PC file 3582 that can exist in the contiguous data area 3593, or a previous linear replacement
t The total number Npc of the processed defect areas 3586 satisfies the expression (28). b) Defective area 35 previously processed by Skipping Replacement
Skipping Replac in Contiguous Data Area including 86
total defect size Lskip (2
9) The expression must be satisfied. c) Existing PC file 3582 which may exist in the Contiguous Data Area 3593, or Linear Replacemen
t Contiguous Data avoiding the processed defect area 3586
The coarse access times 1348 and 1376 are unnecessary when the optical head accesses the next recording area in the Area.

... The existing PC file 3582, or Li
near Replacement The size of the processed defective area 3586 is set to be small.

In the Contiguous Data Area 3593, AV
When recording information, 1) the existing PC file 3582 that may exist in the Contiguous Data Area 3593, the time during which the optical head accesses the next recording area while avoiding the defective area 3586 that has been subjected to the previous Linear Replacement processing, and 2) the previous recording Sometimes, no AV information is recorded on the information storage medium between the defective area 3587 subjected to the skipping replacement processing and the period in which the skipping processing is performed on the defective area first discovered at the time of the current recording. Therefore, during this period, the temporary storage amount of the video information in the semiconductor memory in the information recording / reproducing apparatus keeps on increasing just like the periods of the coarse access time, the fine access time, and the rotation waiting time. Cont
Skipping at the last recording in iguous Data Area 3593
Lskip is defined as the total size of the defective area 3587 subjected to the replacement processing and the defective area which is first discovered at the time of the current recording and requires the skipping processing.

[0319] Total time to pass through the Lskip location Tskip
Becomes Tskip = Lskip ÷ PTR (21) Taking this condition into account, the expression (8) is modified as follows: CDAS ≧ STR × PTR × (Ta + Tskip) / (PTR−STR) (22)

[0320] Existing PC file 3582 that may exist in the Contiguous Data Area 3593, formerly Linear Replacem
ent When the optical head accesses the next recording area while avoiding the defective area 3586 which has been processed, access is performed by track jump. At this time, the existing PCfile size 3582 and the previous linear
Replacement The defect area size 3586 that has been processed is reduced. In a general DVD-RAM drive, the moving distance of the objective lens at the time of fine access is about ± 200 μm.
Track pitch of DVD-RAM disk Pt = 0.74 μm (23) Minimum data size per track Dt = 17 × 2 kBytes = 34 kBytes (24) From existing PC file 3582, formerly Linear Replacement
t The size of each processed defect area 3586 must be 200 以下 0.74 × 34 = 9190 kBytes (25) or less. Considering the margins of various places, the actual allowable maximum size is 1/4 of equation (25), 23
00 kBytes or less is desirable. When the above conditions are satisfied, access to the next recording area in the Contiguous Data Area only needs to take into account the fine access time and the rotation wait time, and the fine access time required for one access is defined as JATa. , The rotation waiting time is MWTa, and Cont
Existing PC file 3582 in the iguous Data Area and earlier
Assuming that the total number of defective areas 3586 subjected to the Linear Replacement processing is Npc, the total access time Tpc required to avoid the above area is as follows: Tpc = Npc × (JATa + MWTa) (26) Taking this time into account, equation (22) can be transformed as follows: CDAS ≧ STR × PTR × (Ta + Tskip + Tpc) / (PTR−STR) (27) (10) When each value of (13) and (15) is used, CDA when (Tskip + Tpc) / Ta = 20% is set.
CDA when S ≧ 6.5 MBytes (Tskip + Tpc) / Ta = 10%
CDA when S ≧ 5.9 MBytes (Tskip + Tpc) / Ta = 5%
CDA when S ≧ 5.7 MBytes (Tskip + Tpc) / Ta = 3%
CDA when S ≧ 5.6 MBytes (Tskip + Tpc) / Ta = 1%
S ≧ 5.5 MBytes. From the expressions (27) and (26), Npc ≦ {[CDAS × (PTR-STR) / (STR × PTR)] − Ta−Tskip} / (JATa + MWTa) (28) From the expressions (27) and (21) Lskip ≦ {[CDAS × (PTR-STR) / (STR × PTR)] − Ta−Tpc} × PTR (29) (28) Each value of (10), (13) and (15) and MWTa
When 18 ms and JATa 5 ms are used, Npc ≦ 6 (Tskip + Tpc) / Ta = 5% when (Tskip + Tpc) / Ta = 10% and Tskip = 0, and Npc ≦ 3 (Tskip + Tpc) / Ta = 3% when Tskip = 0. , Tskip = 0, Npc ≦ 1 (Tskip + Tpc) / Ta = 1%, and when Tskip = 0, Npc ≦ 0. When the values of the equations (29), (10), (13), and (15) are used, (Tskip + Tskip) / Ta = 10%, and when Tpc = 0, Lskip ≦ 208 kBytes (Tskip + Tskip) / Ta = 5%, Tpc = 0 Lskip ≦ 104 kBytes (Tskip + Tskip) / Ta = 3% when Tpc = 0, Lskip ≦ 62 kBytes (Tskip + Tskip) / Ta = 1% when Tpc = 0, and Lskip ≦ 0 kBytes when Tpc = 0.

In the above description, a simple configuration of a buffer memory, an optical head, and a storage medium has been described as a conceptual diagram of an AV information recording system. This is not a problem when the basic concept is examined, but a system concept model of a recording system shown in FIG. 43 is used for more detailed examination.

First, when recording is performed by the PC system shown in FIG. 7, AV information input from the outside is
4 is converted into a digital compression signal, temporarily recorded in the main memory 112, and transferred to the information recording / reproducing apparatus 140 shown in FIG. The information recording / reproducing apparatus 140 also has a buffer memory 219, and the transferred digital AV information is temporarily stored in the buffer memory 219.

Next, a method of the present invention will be described in which AV information can be recorded continuously for a long period of time without interruption even if a large number of defects occur on the information storage medium.

FIG. 44 shows a major feature of the AV information recording method according to the present invention. * Step of determining whether or not the file to be recorded is an AV file (ST01) * Step of previously setting the video information recording location on the information storage medium (ST02) * Step of recording AV information on the information storage medium (ST02) S
T03) * Step of recording information arrangement information actually recorded on the information storage medium in a management area on the information storage medium (ST0)
4). This process is mainly for File Syst
em 2 side is the center and controls.

FIG. 45 shows the contents of step ST01 of FIG. 44 in more detail, FIG. 46 shows the contents of step ST02 of FIG. 44 in more detail, and FIG. 47 shows the contents of step ST01 of FIG.
03 is shown in more detail. FIG. 48 shows the details of step ST04 in FIG. 44 in more detail.

All processes on the information storage medium, such as information recording, information reproduction, and partial deletion of information in the AV file, are performed after the recording / reproduction application 1 in FIG. , Started for the first time. F
The outline of the processing shown to the ile System 2 is notified by issuing the SDK API Command 4 from the recording / reproducing application 1 side. After receiving SDK API Command 4
On the File System 2 side, the contents of the instruction are specifically chewed and the DDK Interface Command 5 is transmitted to the information recording / reproducing device 3.
And specific processing is executed.

In the information storage medium of the present invention, both AV information and PC information can be recorded on the same information storage medium.

The detailed processing method in each step shown in FIG. 44 will be further described below. As shown in FIG. 23 or FIG.
Flags in ICB Tag 418 of eEntry 3520
An AV file identification flag 3362 is set in the field in ICB Tag 3361. By setting this flag to “1”, it is possible to identify an AV file.

As another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 24 or FIG.
It is also possible to set the AV file identification flag 3364 in the criptor 3364.

FIG. 45 shows a specific flowchart of the step of identifying whether or not the file is an AV file shown in ST01 of FIG.

[0331] Create File Command from the recording / reproducing application 1 side
Processing is started only after is issued. The method of identifying the AV file differs depending on the conditions. * When creating a new AV file, Create File Command
In the case where AV information is added to an already existing AV file, the file already recorded on the information storage medium as shown in FIG. 49 or FIG. 50 is identified. The AV file is identified using the attribute flag of (1).

[0332] By using this method, it is not necessary to manage the attribute (AV file or PC file) of each file on the application program 1 side (File System
The two sides automatically determine and switch the recording processing method).

By adopting such a method, when the file is a PC file, the conventional WRITE Command
d, Linear Replacement processing is performed, and in the case of an AV file, AV WRITE Command and Skipping Replacement processing are performed.

[0334] In the recording / reproducing application 1, the Create File Command
After the issuance, the expected maximum value of the AV information recording scheduled size is set, and a Set Unrecorded Area Command is issued. With the specified information and the defect distribution obtained by the GET PERFORMANCE Command,
The Contiguous Data Area is set according to the maximum information size to be recorded based on the Zone boundary position information.
When the embodiment of LBN / XXX in FIG. 28 is used, the equations (25) and (27) are used as the setting conditions.

[0335] Based on the result, the
Allocation Descriptors information in the File Entry is recorded in advance (ST2-07). Through this step, a) When connecting to, for example, IEEE 1394 and performing recording with a plurality of devices simultaneously and in parallel, it is possible to prevent other information from being recorded at the scheduled recording position. b) Even if recording is interrupted due to a power failure or the like during continuous recording of AV information, the information up to immediately before the interruption can be saved by sequentially tracing the scheduled recording positions after restart.

The following advantages (effects) can be obtained. Thereafter, the information recording / reproducing apparatus side is notified of the scheduled recording position information by the SEND PRESET EXTENT ALLOCATIONMAP Command (ST2).
-08). Since the information recording / reproducing apparatus knows the recording position and the recording order on the information storage medium in advance by this advance notification, a skip on the information storage medium due to a defect on the information storage medium during AV information recording.
g Even if replacement processing occurs frequently, continuous recording can be continued without stopping the recording processing.

The detailed contents in the AV information continuous recording step shown in step ST03 of FIG. 44 will be described with reference to FIG.

Information Length shown in FIG. 35 (c)
The recording start position in the AV file is confirmed in advance using the 3517 information (ST03-01). Recording / playback application 1
Issues a Write File Command (ST3-0)
2) GET FREE SLOT_ with AV WRITE start flag set
Issue ID Command and send SLOT_ID to information recording / reproducing device 3.
Is issued (ST3-03).

FIG. 51 schematically shows a continuous recording processing method after ST3-04. The video information # 1, # 2, and # 3 stored in the main memory by the AV WRITE Command are periodically transferred to the buffer memory 219 in the information recording / reproducing apparatus. Buffer memory 21 of information recording / reproducing device
The video information stored in 9 is recorded on the information storage medium via the optical head 202. When a defective area 3351 occurs on the information storage medium 201, a Skipping Replacement
During this time, the video information is not recorded on the information storage medium 201 during this time, so that the amount of video information temporarily stored in the buffer memory 219 in the information recording / reproducing apparatus increases. File System 2 periodically gets GET WRITE STATUS Co
mmand is issued and the amount of temporarily stored video information in the buffer memory 219 is monitored. If the amount of temporarily stored video information is likely to be saturated, the FileSystem issues 1) DISCARD PRECEDING COMMAND Command and cancels a part of the command cache in the information recording / reproducing device. 2) Information recording with the next AV WRiTE Command Limit (reduce) the amount of video information transferred to the playback device. 3) Next AV WRiTE Comm issued to the information recording / playback device.
One of the processes of delaying the issuance time up to and and waiting until the amount of temporarily stored video information in the buffer memory 219 in the information recording / reproducing apparatus becomes small is performed.

The above contents will be described with reference to specific examples as shown in FIGS. 52 to 5
9 shows the transition of the recording information in three stages. The first stage is the PC side memory, the second stage is the information recording / reproducing device memory, and the third stage is the recording position on the information recording medium.

FIG. 52 corresponds to ST2-08 in FIG.
SEND PRESET EXTENT ALLOCATION M of circle 1 in (A)
AP Command is issued. In this command, Extent head position information and Extent size information are set as command parameters. In the example of FIG. 52A, “a” which is the head position LBN of Extent = CDA
, “D”, “g”,..., And “ca” and “fd”, which are Extent = CDA sizes, are attached. Also,
An AV WRITE Command indicated by a circle 2 and a circle 3 is issued so that video information is recorded twice in CDA # 1. Next, a GET WRITE STATUS Command indicated by a circle 4 is issued in order to grasp the recording status in CDA # 1.

In order to specify the investigation target in the GET WRITE STATUS Command to CDA # 1, “a” is set as the start LBN of the investigation target range which is the parameter setting value, and “ca” is set as the investigation target range. A value has been set. Similarly, AV WRITE commands indicated by circles 5 and 6 are issued to record the video information twice in CDA # 2. Next, a GET WRITE STATUS Command indicated by a circle 7 is issued to grasp the recording status for CDA # 2.

This command is sent to the information recording / reproducing apparatus at one time, and is cached (ST3-FIG. 47).
05). If there is no defect in the unused state location 3371 on the information storage medium shown in FIG. 53 (B), the record information α3361 on the information storage medium is recorded as shown in FIG. 54 (C). Next, as shown in FIG.
When 5 occurs, Skipping Replacement processing is performed,
Some of the video information to be recorded in CDA # 1 protrudes, but SEND PRESET EXTENT ALLOCATION MAP Comma
Since the next recording location is known on the information recording / reproducing apparatus 3 side by nd, the overflowed information is the shift information β3.
371 is recorded. The information on the above-described defective area 3375 is described in the GET WRITE STATUS Command
Is notified to the File System 2 side as the return value 3344 (see FIG. 47 ST3-05, FIG. 52, FIG. 56). Fil
It is determined whether the buffer memory 219 in the information recording / reproducing device (ODD) 3 is likely to overflow in the e System 2 (ST in FIG. 47).
3-06). Then, as a specific method shown in ST3-07 in FIG. 47, the DELET shown in a circle 9 in FIG.
E PROCEDING COMMAND Command is a recording command for video information to be recorded on CDA # 3.
Cancel AV WRITE Command (Fig. 52)
A command in which the amount of video information to be transferred is limited (reduced) by the AV WRITE Command (FIG. 56) is issued.

Since the feedback to CDA # 2 cannot be made in time, the recording process on the information storage medium as originally planned is executed as shown in FIG. 57 (F).

As shown in FIG. 58 (G), used here
It is assumed that the recording start position in the AV WRITE Command is not the current position and the recording start position is specified on the File System 2 side. Even in this case, the recording start position specified on the File System 2 side and the recording start position actually recorded are allowed to largely deviate due to a defective area found at the time of preceding video information recording.

When a series of recording processing is completed, the recording / reproducing application 1
GET FREE SLOT_I with AV WRITE end flag added triggered by Close Handle Command issued from
D Command sends information recording / reproducing device 3 from File System 2
Issued to the side. Upon receipt of this command, the information recording / reproducing apparatus 3 adds, to the TDL 3414 shown in FIG.

[0347] Set Unrecorded Area Command specified from the recording / reproduction application 1 as post-processing for video information recording
The size of the unused area to be left in the AV file is determined based on the information (ST4-03 in FIG. 48).
3517 (ST4-05) and the final
Rewriting of Extent information (ST4-04) and UD
A rewriting process of the setting information regarding F is performed.

A procedure for reproducing video information in an AV file will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 6, * In the recording / reproducing application 1, AV A is used as address information to be managed.
SD to be issued to FileSystem 2 using ddress
In K API Command 4, address setting is also performed using AV Address. * In File System 2, L is used as address information to be managed.
DDK Interface Command 5 issued to the information recording / reproducing device 3 using BN (LSN in some cases)
However, the address is set using the LBN. * The information recording / reproducing device 3 performs address management using the PSN.

The structure is as follows. Therefore, the location to be played on the recording / reproducing application 1 is determined, and the Read File Comman
When d is issued, “AV Address in File System 2 →
LBN conversion ”(ST06 in FIG. 60) and“ LBN → PSN conversion ”in the information recording / reproducing device 3 (ST07).

As shown in FIG. 61, the method of partially erasing an AV file is the same as that of the A file recorded on the information storage medium.
No processing is performed on the V information, and only the rewriting of the File Entry information on the File System 2 (ST09 in FIG. 61) and the change processing of the information related to the UDF are performed. Then, in order to register the partially erased location as an unrecorded area,
Unallocated Space Table which is unrecorded area information on F
The partial erasure location is added to the 452 or Unallocated Spase Bitmap 435 information (ST10). Finally, the management information is rewritten to the recorded video management data file (ST11).

Next, commands required for the above-described processing will be described.

Embodiments of the Present Invention LBN / UDF, LBN
API commands (SDK API Command) required to enable the processing shown in FIG.
4) is shown in FIG.

The part of the command type 3405 shown in FIG. 62 with the additional contents and the new command part are within the scope of the present invention.
A series of processing methods performed by the recording / reproducing application 1 using the API command will be described below. <AV Information Recording Process> 1st STEP: Notify the OS side of the start of recording and the attribute of the target file (AV file or PC file) by Create File Command. 2nd STEP: Designation of expected maximum size of AV information to be recorded on the information storage medium by Set Unrecorded Area Command, 3rd STEP: OS / File transfer of AV information by Write File Command (issue command to OS multiple times) Notify the System side. 4th STEP: After a series of AV information recording processing is completed, if the size of the AV information to be recorded is known at a later date, a Set Unrecorded Area Command is issued to secure an area for recording the next AV information in advance. It is also possible to put.

In the information storage medium of the present invention, both AV information and PC information can be recorded on the same information storage medium. Therefore, before recording the next AV information, the PC information is recorded in the empty area, and the empty area may be exhausted at the next AV information recording.

To prevent this, an unused area having a large size is set in the AV file, and a reservation for the next AV information recording location can be made in advance (this 4th STEP may not be executed). 5th STEP: The OS / File System side is notified of the end of a series of recording processing by Close Handle Command.

* Create file command and AV file
Write File Command, Clo except for adding attribute flag
Both the se Handle Command and the conventional PC information recording command are used as they are. By making such settings, there is no need to change the program due to the change of the video information recording method in the upper layer near the API interface in the OS that is internally hierarchized in multiple layers, and the existing OS software can be used as it is in the upper layer And On the File System side belonging to the lower OS part close to the information recording / reproducing apparatus, the file system side alone determines whether the target file is an AV file or a PC file by the method shown in FIG. 43, and issues a use command to the information recording / reproducing apparatus. We are sorting out.

* All addressing of recording locations is AV A
Set in ddress. <AV / PC information playback processing> 1st STEP: Notify the OS of playback start by Create File Command, 2nd STEP: Instruct a series of playback processing by Read File Command (issue command to OS multiple times). 3rd STEP: Notify the OS / File System side of the end of a series of playback processing by Close Handle Command.

* Playback processing is common to both AV files and PC files.

* All playback location addresses are specified by AV Add
Set with ress. <Partial Deletion Processing in AV File> 1st STEP: Notify the OS of the name of the file to be partially deleted by Create File Command. 2nd STEP: Instructs deletion processing within the specified range by Delete Part Of File Command.

In the Delete Part Of File Command, the AV Address to start deleting and the data size to be deleted are specified by parameters. 3rd STEP: Notify the OS / File System side of the end of a series of playback processing by Close Handle Command. <Queries the size of an unrecorded area in which AV information can be recorded on the information storage medium> 1st STEP: Queries the size of the unrecorded area in which AV information can be recorded by using the Get AV Free Space Size Command.

[0364] * The OS can receive an answer of the unrecorded area size only by issuing the Get AV Free Space Size Command to the OS. <Defragmentation processing
> 1st STEP: Defragmentation process for AV file by OS using AV Defragmentation Command
Direct to the side.

* AV Defragmentation Command A alone
Defragmentation processing for V files can be performed.

[0367] As a specific processing method for the AV Defragmentation Command, the Ext.
The file information with small ent size is moved for each Extent, and processing to increase the space for securing the Contiguous Data Area in the unrecorded area is performed.

[0364] FIG. 63 shows a list of DDK Interface Commands 5 issued by the File System 2 to the information recording / reproducing apparatus 3 after the above SDK API Command 4 is specifically crushed. Commands other than READ Command are commands newly presented in the present invention or commands obtained by partially modifying existing commands.

The information recording / reproducing apparatus is, for example, IEEE139
4 and the like, and information transfer processing between a plurality of devices is performed at the same time. The information recording / reproducing devices 3 and 140 are connected to only one main CPU 111. On the other hand, when it is connected to IEEE 1394 or the like, it is connected to the main CPU of each device. Therefore, the Slot_ID, which is the identification information of each device, is used so that other information is not transferred to another device by mistake. This Slot_ID is issued on the information recording / reproducing device 3 or 140 side. GET FREE SLOT_I
D Command is issued on the File System 2 side, and declares the start and end of AV information with the AV WRITE start flag and AV WRITE end flag as parameters.
Issue an instruction to issue lot_ID.

The recording start position in the AV WRITE Command is the current position (previous AV WRITE Command).
The next AV information is recorded from the LBN position where recording has been completed in step (2). Each AV WRITE C
The AV WRITE number is set in ommand, and the previously issued AV WRITE Com is recorded in the buffer memory 219 of the information recording / reproducing apparatus as a command cache.
DISC using this AVWRITE number for mand
Issue cancellation processing can be performed by ARD PRECEDING COMMAND Command.

[0367] Buffer memory 21 of information recording / reproducing apparatus
9 before the temporary storage amount of AV information in FIG. 9 (FIG. 43) is saturated.
GET WRIT for proper processing on ile System 2
E STATUS Command exists. This GET WRITE STATUS
As the return value 3344 of the Command, the buffer memory 21
9 is returned, the buffer memory 21 is returned.
9 can be grasped on the File System 2 side. In the embodiment of the present invention, one contiguous data are
a Insert this GET WRITE STATUS Command each time the AV information for the record is issued with the AV WRITE Command,
Command parameter 3 in GET WRITE STATUS Command
The target size and the starting LBN of 343
Match to Contiguous Data Area. Also GET WRI
In the TE STATUS Command, the return value 33 is set as the value of the head LBN of each ECC block with the defect area found in the target range.
44, the Extent after AV information recording
This information is used for setting (ST4-04 in FIG. 48).

[0368] SEND PRESET EXTENT ALLOCATION MAP Comm
"and" is a command to notify the information recording / reproducing apparatus of all planned recording locations as LBN information before recording AV information. The number of Extents at the scheduled recording location, the respective Extent start position (LBN), and Extent size are used as command parameters. Have. The scheduled recording location on this information storage medium is the return value 33 of the GET PERFORMANCE Command issued earlier.
Zone boundary position information of 44 and DMA after LBN conversion
Set based on information.

That is, the partial erasure position and range from the recording / reproducing application 1 in step ST08 of FIG.
Side, the "Delete Part Of" shown in FIG.
FileCommand "(partial erasure command) is used. Since the file size of the conventional PC file is relatively small, the entire remaining file after the partial erasure is overwritten on the information storage medium. Therefore, the conventional SDK API C
In ommand 4, only a command for erasing the entire file or a command for rewriting the entire file exists, and there is no command for partially erasing the file as shown in FIG. On the other hand, when video information (AV information) is recorded on an information storage medium, the file size is larger in order size than the PC file size. Therefore, the conventional whole file rewriting command requires a considerable time for the partial erasing process. In order to solve the problem, the present invention newly adds "Delete Part Of File Command", and enables partial erasure processing in a short time. FIG.
As shown in FIG. 2, in the “DeletePart Of File Command”, the “deletion start pointer” information and the “deletion data size” information are included in the command parameter 3403 as the AV Address.
It is in the form specified by. Figure 3 in File System 2
The AV address information is converted to LBN information using the relationship of 0, and the Extent setting is changed.
As shown in File entry 3 for the AV file
The Allocation Descriptors 420 in 520 are rewritten.

As an example of recording defect management information, the defect Ext
How to register ent (Long Alloca for AV File)
Option Descriptor is used, and a flag is flagged for Implementation Use).
The method of setting t 3548 and 3549 has been described. In FIG. 39, a defective area 3566 generated at the time of recording is shown.
The method of dividing Extent # 1 3571 and # 2 3572 while avoiding the above has been clarified.

As another embodiment of the present invention, a method of recording and managing defect management information and unused area information by combining the above methods will be described.

In the embodiment of FIG. 64, Contiguous Data Ar
ea # β 3602 is a small data size VO
Since B # 2 3618 was additionally recorded, Contiguous Data
Unused area Extent in Area # β 3602
3613 is set. When video information or AV information is additionally recorded in the next AV File 3620, the head position (LB) of the unused area Extent 3613 is used.
Recording starts at h + g for N and k + g for PSN).

Although not shown, VOB # 1 361 has been used in the past.
VOB # 3 between VOB7 and VOB # 2 3618 is Contiguo
us Data Area # α 3601 and Contiguous Data Area
# Β3602 was present in a partially straddling form. That V
Contiguous Data Area # α with partial deletion of OB # 3
The processing described with reference to FIG. 39 is performed on the portion of VOB # 3 straddling 3601 and Contiguous Data Area # β 3602, and the unused area Extent 3611 and the unused area Ext
ent 3612 was set on the File System 2 side. Also V
When recording OB # 1, LBN changes from "h + a" to "h + b-1".
Since a defect in ECC block units was found in the range of, there is no defective area without recording video information or AV information there.
Set as Extent 3609. Like this Contigu
ous DataArea # α 3601 and Contiguous Data Area
In # β 3602, a recording area Extent 3605, a defect area Extent 3609, a recording area Extent 3606,
Unused area Extent 3611, unused area Extent 36
12, recording area Extent 3607, unused area Extent
3613, but they are all considered to be part of the AV File 3620, as described at the bottom of FIG.
Allocation Des in File Entry of AV File 3620
All Extents are registered as criptors.

Particularly, as a major feature of FIG. 64, FIG.
(E) does not have an independent defect management table as shown in Tertiary Defect Map 3472;
Only the defect area Extent 3609 information registered in ry is the defect management information.

All in File Entry of AV File 3620
The attribute identification information of each Extent in the ocation Descriptors is recorded in the Implementation Use 3528 shown in FIG. That is, in FIG. 65, Allocation Desc
Long Allocation Descripto as description method of riptors
r description method and implemention use 3528
The value of “0h” represents “Extent of recording area”, and the value of “Ah” represents “Extent of unused area”.
“Fh” means “Extent of defective area”. Implementation Use 3 in the official UDF standard
528 is described in 6 bytes.
Here, only the lower 4 bits are represented for simplicity of description. In FIG. 64, LBN and PSN are set for both the defective area and the unused area, and the LBN and PSN are all values that have been translated. That is, Linear Replacement
The feature of the embodiment of the present invention is that the LBN does not jump from the PSN as a result of the processing. An AV Address is assigned only to a location where the recording areas Extent 3605, 3606, and 3607 exist. This AVAd
dress is defective area in AVFile3620 Extent 360
9 and unused area Extent 3611, 3612, 3613
The numbers are set in order according to the description order of Allocation Descriptors described in the File Entry for all sectors except for. That is, the recording area Ext
The LBN of the first sector of ent 3605 is “h”, P
The SN is “k”, the AV Address is set to “0”, and the L of the first sector of the recording area Extent 3607 is
BN is “h + f”, PSN is “k + f”, and AV Addr
ess is "a + cb".

As shown in FIG. 13, information is recorded in units of ECC blocks 502 on a DVD-RAM disk. Therefore, in FIG. 64 of the embodiment of the present invention, the file system 2 properly manages the data so as to be recorded in ECC block units. In other words, the ECC
The File System 2 controls so that recording can be performed in block units. Explaining in detail, "a" in FIG.
“B”, “d”, “e”, and “j” are all set to be “multiples of 16”, and Contiguous Data Area # α 3601
And the Contiguous Data Area # β 3602 are set so that the start position is the start position in the ECC block and the end position is the end position in the ECC block.

[0377] Since the defect area is subjected to defect processing in ECC block units, the start and end positions of the defect area Extent 3609 coincide with the start position and end position in the ECC block. Individual VOB # 1 3616, 3617 in FIG.
And VOB # 2 3618 size need not always be recorded in 16-sector units, and VOB # 1 3616,
Excess portions from the ECC block of 3617 and VOB # 2 3618 are unused areas Extent 3611,
It is corrected in 3612 and 3613 sizes.

The recording method of video information or AV information in the embodiment shown in FIG. 64 employs the same recording method as that of FIG. The only difference is that recording in the Tertiary Defect List 3414 in the DMA area in ST4-01 in FIG. 48 is unnecessary, and the Extent information in ST4-04 is defective.
Extent 3609 and unused area Extent 3611, 36
12, 3613 are added.

In the reproducing procedure, as shown in FIG. 60, “AVAddr
ess → LBN conversion → PSN conversion ”, but“ AV
Alloc in File Entry when "Address → LBN conversion"
Attribute Descriptors, the attributes of each Extent are detected, and only the recording areas Extents 3605, 3606, and 3607 are set as reproduction targets (defect Extent 3609 and unused area E
There is a great feature in performing the selection processing for xtents 3611, 3612, and 3613).

[0380] Also, during the partial erasure processing in the file, the AV
Contiguous Data Area size and EC at the time of rewriting Extent information in File Entry of file (ST09)
Unused area, taking into account the location of the C block boundary area E
xtent insertion processing is required.

The important points of the present invention described above are summarized below. 1. Performs pre-setting of recording location / continuous recording / recording location registration after recording.

[0382] A first step of performing a Skipping Replacement process and setting in advance a place where information is to be recorded on the information storage medium.
Step corresponds to ST02 in FIG. The second step of continuously recording information on the information storage medium is shown in FIG.
ST03. The third step of registering the place where the information is recorded on the information storage medium is ST04 in FIG.
Corresponding to

As background, when video information is recorded on an information storage medium, (a) continuous recording processing is indispensable in order to record continuously input AV information on an information storage medium without interruption. (B) The size of the information recorded on the information storage medium is not known in advance. That is, for example, the user does not know where to press the recording stop button in order to record a favorite part in a TV program that is continuously played. In this case, when the AV information is recorded little by little in (a), a free area on the information storage medium is searched and a place for recording the next information is set. It becomes difficult.

Therefore, according to the present invention, ST2-
As shown in FIG. 01, the recording / reproducing application 1 sets an expected maximum recording amount for continuous recording this time, and sets the Unrecorded Area.
When a command is sent to the File System side, a scheduled recording location on the information storage medium is set in advance according to the notified size, and if recording is interrupted halfway, the scheduled recording location is released to ensure stable continuous recording. It becomes possible.

When an information storage medium is connected to IEEE 1394 or the like and information recording / reproducing processing is performed in parallel among a plurality of CPUs, video information is recorded on the information storage medium by an instruction of one CPU. In some cases, it may be necessary to record PC information in response to an instruction from another CPU. At this time, as shown in ST2-06 in FIG.
By pre-recording the Extent information of the scheduled recording location in the scriptors, it is possible to prevent another PC information from being recorded in the scheduled recording location of the video information. 2. After determining whether the file is an AV file, the recording method is changed.

[0386] Skipping Replacem as the first recording method
ent processing method and the second recording method, Linear Replace
The ment processing method is shown in FIG. After determining whether or not the information to be recorded is AV information by the method shown in FIGS. 44 and 45, one of the first recording method and the second recording method is selected and the information is recorded on the information storage medium. I try to record it.

For PC information, it is not always necessary to ensure the continuity of the recording / reproducing process. On the other hand, in the case of AV information, it is essential to ensure continuity when recording and reproducing information. By performing the above-described processing, it is possible to select an optimum recording method according to the content of each information. 3. Delete Part OF File command of API command.

The first recording processing layer composed of an information recording / reproducing device for recording information on an information storage medium means the recording / reproducing application software 1. The second recording processing layer that controls the first recording processing layer, which is composed of the File System part that controls the place where information is recorded, means File System 2. Further, the third recording processing layer existing as an application layer for controlling the second recording processing layer by giving a command to the second recording processing layer means the information recording / reproducing device 3. FIG. 6 shows an information recording / reproducing system for recording and reproducing information along a file unit as a whole.

[0389] From the third recording processing layer, the second
Is a command to instruct the recording processing layer to delete only part of the file. Delete Part Of File
Indicates a command.

In the conventional API command, there is only a command for deleting the entire file. In the case of a conventional PC file, when a part of the file is deleted, the entire file after the part is deleted is re-recorded on the information storage medium. Conventional P
This was possible because the overall file size of the C file was relatively small. In the case of an AV file in which video information and audio information are recorded, the file size is enormous. I will. Users cannot wait for the long wait for this re-recording.

On the other hand, by adding a partial erase command as in the present invention, partial erase processing can be executed in a short time. 4. SEND PRESET EXTENT ALLOCATION MAP command. The first recording processing layer composed of an information recording / reproducing device that records information on an information storage medium means the recording / reproducing application software 1. The first, consisting of the File System part that controls where information is recorded
The second recording processing layer that controls the recording processing layer of the above means File System 2. The third recording processing layer existing as an application layer for performing a control by giving a command to the second recording processing layer means the information recording / reproducing device 3.

Before recording information in the first recording processing layer, a place where information is recorded in the second recording processing layer is set in advance, and the set information is stored in the first recording processing layer. Commands to notify layers are SE
ND PRESET means EXTENT ALLOCATION MAP command.

When information is recorded on the information storage medium, overflow information occurs when skipping replacement processing is performed on a defective area. SEND PRESET EXTENT ALLOCATION MAP
If the information recording / reproducing apparatus has previously notified the next recording location on the information recording / reproducing apparatus side, the overflow information can be continuously recorded at the next scheduled recording location, and continuous recording is not interrupted. 5. GET WRITE STATUS command.

The first recording processing layer composed of the information recording / reproducing device for recording information on the information storage medium means the recording / reproducing application software 1 and includes a file system for controlling a place where information is recorded. The second recording processing layer configured to control the first recording processing layer means the File System 2, and exists as an application layer that controls the second recording processing layer by giving a command to the second recording processing layer. The third recording processing layer means the information recording / reproducing device 3.

A command for issuing an instruction to report the recording processing status on the first recording processing layer to the second recording processing layer means a GET WRITE STATUS command. If there are many defective areas on the information storage medium, the video information temporarily recorded in the buffer memory 219 in the information recording / reproducing apparatus is saturated, and continuous recording of the video information becomes impossible. On the other hand, by issuing the GET WRITE STATUS command as in the present invention and monitoring the status in the buffer memory 219 in the information recording / reproducing apparatus, the memory 21 is monitored.
The control on the File System 2 side is possible so that the inside of 9 does not saturate.

[0396]

As described above, according to the present invention,
Even if a large number of defective areas exist on the information storage medium, continuous recording can be performed stably without being affected.
Further, it is possible to provide an information storage medium on which information is recorded in a format most suitable for the stable continuous recording (and a data structure of the information recorded thereon).

Furthermore, even if a large number of defective areas exist on the information storage medium, an environment setting method (specifically, as a system) for stably managing video information without burdening the recording / playback application software layer. Video information recording / reproducing / editing method).

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a characteristic part of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the overall configuration of an information recording / reproducing device and an application block according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration inside an information recording / reproducing unit.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a setting operation of a logical block number in an information recording / reproducing unit.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a defective portion processing operation in the information recording / reproducing unit.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a relationship between a hierarchical structure of program software on a personal computer and an address space used in each hierarchy when recording and reproducing processing of video information is performed on a personal computer using recording and reproducing application software.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration of a personal computer.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a layout of schematic recording contents in a DVD-RAM disk.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration in a lead-in area in a DVD-RAM disk.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration in a lead-out area in a DVD-RAM disk.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing a relationship between a physical sector number and a logical sector number.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing a signal structure in a sector recorded in a data area.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing a recording unit of information recorded in a data area.

FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between zones and groups in a data area.

FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram of a logical sector setting method in a DVD-RAM disk.

FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram of a replacement processing method for a defective area in a data area.

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example in which a file system is recorded on an information storage medium according to UDF.

FIG. 18 is a view showing a continuation of FIG. 17;

FIG. 19 is a diagram simply showing the basic relationship between the structure of a hierarchical file system and the information content recorded on an information storage medium.

FIG. 20 is a diagram showing an example of the contents of a long allocation descriptor.

FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an example of the contents of a short allocation descriptor.

FIG. 22 is an explanatory diagram of the description contents of an unlocked space entry.

FIG. 23 is an explanatory view showing a part of description contents of a file entry.

FIG. 24 is an explanatory view showing a part of description contents of a file identification descriptor.

FIG. 25 is a diagram showing an example of a file system structure.

FIG. 26 is an explanatory diagram showing a list of functions necessary for video information recording and reproduction.

FIG. 27 is an explanatory view showing a continuation of FIG. 26;

FIG. 28 is a comparative explanatory diagram of each embodiment relating to defect management on an information storage medium and management of an unused area in an AV file.

FIG. 29 is an explanatory diagram showing correspondence of effects of each embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 30 shows a logical block number and AV in an AV file.
The figure which shows the relationship with an address.

FIG. 31 is an explanatory diagram for comparing spiking replacement and linear replacement when the information recording / reproducing apparatus manages defect management information.

FIG. 32 is an explanatory diagram of a data structure of defect management information on an information storage medium managed by the information recording / reproducing device in each embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 33 is an explanatory diagram of a data structure of defect management information on an information storage medium managed by the file system 2 in each embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 34 is an explanatory diagram for comparing a spiking replacement and a linear replacement when managed based on the defect management information in FIG. 33;

FIG. 35 is an explanatory diagram of additional recording video information and an unused area in a continuous day area in each embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 36 is an explanatory diagram of a recording location of an information length designated for each file and an attribute description location for each extent.

FIG. 37 is an explanatory diagram regarding a method of processing a partial deletion in an AV file according to each embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 38 is an explanatory diagram relating to another example of a method of partially deleting an AV file in each embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 39 is an explanatory diagram relating to another example of a method of partially deleting an AV file in each embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 40 is an explanatory diagram of a recording method including a defective area.

FIG. 41 is an explanatory diagram of a recording method avoiding a defective area in one embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 42 is an explanatory diagram of a continuous data area setting method and an extent pre-setting method before recording according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 43 is a view showing a schematic configuration of an information recording / reproducing apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 44 is a view schematically showing a procedure for recording video information in the present invention.

FIG. 45 is a diagram showing details of step ST01 in FIG. 44;

FIG. 46 is a view showing details of step ST02 in FIG. 44.

FIG. 47 is a view showing details of step ST03 in FIG. 44.

FIG. 48 is a view showing details of step ST04 in FIG. 44.

FIG. 49 is an explanatory view showing a place where identification information of an AV file according to the present invention is recorded.

FIG. 50 is an explanatory view showing another example of a place where identification information of an AV file according to the present invention is recorded.

FIG. 51 is a conceptual view shown for explaining a method for continuously recording video information according to the present invention.

FIG. 52 is an explanatory diagram of a recording method on the information storage medium according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 53 is an explanatory diagram of a recording method for the information storage medium according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 54 is an explanatory diagram of a recording method for the information storage medium according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 55 is an explanatory diagram of a recording method for the information storage medium according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 56 is an explanatory diagram of a recording method for the information storage medium according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 57 is an explanatory diagram of a recording method on the information storage medium according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 58 is an explanatory diagram of a recording method for the information storage medium according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 59 is an explanatory diagram of a recording method on the information storage medium according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 60 is a diagram showing a reproduction procedure of video information according to the present invention.

FIG. 61 is a view showing a procedure of partial erasure in an AV file according to the present invention.

FIG. 62 is a view showing contents of various API Commands used when recording video information in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 63 is an explanatory view showing commands to the information recording / reproducing device according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 64 is a diagram showing a video information recording method according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 65 is an explanatory diagram of an extent attribute identification information recording method in the embodiment of FIG. 64;

[Explanation of symbols]

100 optical disk, 1004 data area, 723
... user area, 724 ... spare area, 3443, 3
444: recording area, 3452: defective area, 3456: alternative area, 3449: non-recording area.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of front page (72) Inventor Hideki Sogabe 2-9, Suehirocho, Ome-shi, Tokyo Inside the Toshiba Ome Plant (56) References JP-A-2000-13728 (JP, A) JP-A-8- 212707 (JP, A) JP 2000-21093 (JP, A) WO 98/14938 (WO, A1) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G06F 3/06 G11B 7/004 G11B 7/30 G11B 20/10

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A method for recording information on an information recording medium , wherein the information recording medium has a plurality of zones in an information area.
With a guard area between the zones
The physical address is also provided in the zone and the guard area.
Is added, and the system for controlling the address is provided for recording AV data.
An application layer with AV files and a file system
The layers of the stem and the disk drives controlled for information recording
A live layer is set, and an AV file in the application layer is
In some cases, the AV address is used as address information,
The file system layer consists of logical block numbers and logical sector numbers.
Is used as address information, and the disk drive layer
Uses the physical address as address information, and stores the information recording medium in the disk drive layer.
The defect area information is set in the defect management information area, and the
File entry information at the file system layer
The AV data set in the file management information area and recordable in the AV file
The AV is physically scattered and arranged for each
Control information to manage the data recording and playback order
The file entry information is set in the control information area, and the
Data allocation descriptor and the data
Set location and allow skip inside
Data area is defined.
Cage, Information Les is in the file entry information
Information indicating the defect area, and refers to the defect area information in the defect management information area.
A step that, by setting the area to be recorded in the unrecorded area
And the continuous data area is the defective area.
The controller should include the defective area indicated by the information.
Setting a consistent data area; and
Steps to determine extents avoiding defective areas
If, stearyl for recording the AV data to the extent portions
An information recording method , comprising : 2. The recording method according to claim 1, wherein
Data, the control information, the defective area information, and the
Recording medium on which file entry information is recorded . 3. An information recording medium obtained according to claim 2.
The defect area information, the file entry information,
An information recording medium reproducing apparatus for reproducing the control information and the AV data . 4. A method for recording information on an information recording medium , wherein the information recording medium has a plurality of zones in its information area.
With a guard area between the zones
The physical address is also provided in the zone and the guard area.
Is added, and the system for controlling the address is provided for recording AV data.
An application layer with AV files and a file system
The layers of the stem and the disk drives controlled for information recording
A live layer is set, and an AV file in the application layer is
In some cases, the AV address is used as address information,
The file system layer consists of logical block numbers and logical sector numbers.
Is used as address information, and the disk drive layer
Uses the physical address as address information, and stores the information recording medium in the disk drive layer.
The defect area information is set in the defect management information area, and the
File entry information at the file system layer
File management information area, and
Recordable AV data physically scattered for each extent
Recording and re-recording of the scattered AV data.
The control information for managing the raw order is in the control information area.
Area, and the file entry information is
Comprise over data allocation descriptor and said Detaaro
Application and allow internal skips
Data area is defined.
The information on the file entry information
The video object area.
Searching for an unrecorded area of the area, and referring to the defective area information in the defect management information area.
A step that, by setting the area to be recorded in the unrecorded area
And the continuous data area is the defective area.
The controller should include the defective area indicated by the information.
Setting a consistent data area; and
Steps to determine extents avoiding defective areas
And the information length information of the extent part
From the first position of the unrecorded area indicated in the
Information recording method characterized by comprising the step of recording the over data.