JPH11300554A - High-speed horizontal machining center - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To increase the acceleration and the speed without changing a servo mechanism of a machining center. SOLUTION: A machining center 1 is provided with a work unit 30 and a tool unit 60 to be arranged opposite to each other on a bed 10. A work head 50 of the work unit 30 is controlled in movement along three axes, and holds a work in a downward direction. A tool head 80 of the tool unit 60 is also controlled in movement along three axes, and the work held by the work head 50 is machined by a tool T fitted to a spindle 90. A servo mechanism of each unit moves two heads simultaneously in the direction opposite to each other at the same acceleration and speed by the same distance. The work and the tool are moved at the doubled relative acceleration and speed.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a horizontal machining center capable of achieving high-speed machining.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In order to improve the productivity of machining, it is necessary to increase the cutting speed and the feeding speed of tools and workpieces. In a high-speed head or a servo mechanism for feeding a workpiece, a large-capacity servo motor is required to achieve high speed with only one servo mechanism. Also, in order to shorten the processing cycle time,
It is necessary to increase the acceleration from the stop to the maximum speed and the deceleration from the maximum speed to the stop.

[0003]

In order to move a workpiece table or a tool head having a large mass with a large acceleration, a ball screw or a bearing device having high rigidity is required. In addition, the force generated when these large masses are accelerated or decelerated also increases, and a base such as a bed that supports the reaction force also requires a large rigidity. In addition, since these reaction forces cause vibration, the vibration preventing device also becomes large. The present invention provides a high-speed horizontal machining center that solves these problems.

[0004]

The high-speed horizontal machining center according to the present invention basically comprises, as basic means, a bed having a rectangular planar shape and three axes X, Y and Z mounted on the bed. A tool unit having a horizontal tool head whose movement is controlled, and movement control along three axes X, Y and Z parallel to the control axis of the tool unit which is mounted on the bed so as to face the tool unit. A workpiece unit having a workpiece head to be machined. The tool head and the workpiece head are simultaneously controlled to move in opposite directions along the three axes at the same acceleration, the same speed, the same deceleration, and the same distance.

A high-speed horizontal machining center according to the present invention comprises a bed having an L-shaped planar shape, and a horizontal tool head mounted on the bed and controlled to move along three axes X, Y and Z. And a workpiece head mounted on the bed opposite to the tool unit and controlled to move along three axes X, Y, and Z parallel to the control axis of the tool unit. An object unit is provided. The workpiece unit is controlled to move between a loading station for mounting and removing the workpiece on the workpiece head and a processing area facing the tool unit, and, in the processing area, the tool head and the workpiece head. Are controlled to move simultaneously in the opposite directions along the three axes at the same acceleration, the same speed, the same deceleration, and the same distance.

Further, the high-speed horizontal machining center according to the present invention has a bed having a T-shaped planar shape, and a horizontal tool head mounted on the bed and controlled to move along three axes X, Y and Z. And a workpiece head mounted on the bed opposite to the tool unit and controlled to move along three axes X, Y and Z parallel to the control axis of the tool unit. A base workpiece unit. Then, the first workpiece unit is controlled to move between a first loading station for attaching and removing the workpiece to the workpiece head and a processing area facing the tool unit, and the second workpiece unit is configured to process the workpiece. Movement control is performed between a second loading station for attaching and removing a workpiece to the workpiece head and a machining area facing the tool unit. The first and second workpiece units are provided with a tool head in the machining area. The workpiece head and the workpiece head are simultaneously controlled to move in the opposite directions along the three axes at the same acceleration, the same speed, the same deceleration, and the same distance.

[0007] In each high-speed horizontal machining center, the workpiece head is provided with means for gripping the workpiece downward and means for indexing around the axis.

[0008]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a high-speed horizontal machining center according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side view, and FIG.
FIG. 4 is a view taken in the direction of arrow A, and FIG. 4 is a view taken in the direction of arrow BB in FIG. The high-speed horizontal machining center, generally designated by reference numeral 1, has a workpiece unit 30 and a tool unit 60 on a bed 10.

The workpiece unit 30 has a guide rail 12 laid on one end of the bed 10 in the direction of the axis X, is slidably supported on the guide rail 12, and is mounted on the bed 10. The slider is slid in the direction of the axis X by a ball screw 36 driven by a servomotor 34.

A guide rail 38 is provided on the saddle 32 in an axis Z direction orthogonal to the axis X.
8, a column 40 is slidably supported, and a saddle 32
It is slid in the direction of the axis Z by a ball screw 44 driven by a servomotor 42 mounted thereon.

At the tip of the column 40, there is provided a guide rail 48 laid in the direction of the axis Y perpendicular to the plane including the axes X and Z. A workpiece head 50 is slidably supported on the guide rail 48, and is slid in the axis Y direction by a ball screw 54 driven by a servomotor 52 mounted on the top of the column 40.

With the above-described configuration, the workpiece head 50 moves along three axes of the axis X, the axis Y, and the axis Z, and the moving speed and the moving amount are controlled by each servomotor. Further, the workpiece head 50 has a mechanism capable of indexing around its axis. The workpiece is processed by being attached to the workpiece head 50 downward.

The tool unit 60 disposed at the other end of the bed 10 has a guide rail 14 laid on the bed in the direction of the axis X. On the guide rail 14, a column 6
2 is slidably supported and is slid by a ball screw 66 driven by a servomotor 64 mounted on the bed 10. The column 62 has a guide rail 68 laid in the axis Y direction, and a saddle 76 is slidably supported on the guide rail 68.

The saddle 76 is slid along the axis Y by a servo motor 72 via a ball screw (not shown). A guide rail 78 is provided on the saddle 76 in the axis Z direction. A tool head 80 is slidably supported on the guide rail 78. The tool head 80 is slid via a ball screw (not shown) by a servomotor 82 attached to the saddle 76. The tool head 80 is mounted on the spindle 9
0 to grip the tool T.

An automatic tool changer 100 is provided on the tool unit 60 side. The tool stored in the tool magazine 120 by the tool changing arm 110 is moved to the spindle 9
Automatically supply for 0.

The high-speed horizontal machining center 1 according to the present invention comprises:
As described above, the unit 30 and the tool unit 60 mounted on the bed 10 are respectively composed of the axis X, the axis Y, and the axis Z.
And a structure controlled to move in three axial directions. Then, the workpiece head 50 holding the workpiece W and the tool head 80 equipped with the tool T simultaneously receive the same speed and the same distance movement control in opposite directions.

[0017] For example, the plus side of the workpiece head 50 is the axis X _1, when moving at a velocity V _X is the tool head 80
It is controlled to move in the positive direction of axis X ₂ at a speed V _X. Therefore, the workpiece head 50 and the tool head 80
Becomes possible to move at a relative speed of 2V _X. Similarly,
Axis X _1, X ₂ is in the negative direction in each coordinate system, when moving at a velocity V _X is the workpiece head 50 and rear head 80 is moving at a relative speed of 2V _X.

[0018] Therefore, workpiece W held by the workpiece head 50, the loaded tool to the spindle 90 of the tool head 80, and be processed at a rate of 2V _X.
The same acceleration is applied to the acceleration α _X that accelerates to the speed V _X together with the workpiece head 50 and the tool head 80.

The workpiece head 50 has reached the speed V _X is stopped and moved a distance L _X. At this time, the tool head 8
0 is also stopped by a distance L _X move in opposite directions. Therefore, the workpiece W is processed with a length of 2L _X. Then, the deceleration to a stop from a speed V _X is also equal deceleration is given to the workpiece head 50 and the tool head 80.

As described above, with respect to the control in the axis X direction,
The workpiece W and the tool T are given relatively twice the values of acceleration, maximum speed, moving distance, and deceleration given to one of them. For example, in a processing device that stops the workpiece and controls movement of only the tool unit side,
In order to double the acceleration, it is necessary to increase the output of the motor, the drive system, the support mechanism, and the like in geometric progression.
That is, now, with the gravitational acceleration G as a unit, 0.5 G
Assuming that a mechanism capable of obtaining the acceleration of has been achieved, in order to raise this acceleration to 1.0 G,
Driving systems such as motors, ball screws, bearings, etc., need to be drastically increased in size, and the structure receiving the reaction force due to this acceleration also increases in size.

In this machining center, 0.5
Since the acceleration of 1.0 G can be obtained by using the mechanism for obtaining the acceleration of G, high-speed machining can be easily achieved using the current drive system or the like. Further, the impact forces generated when the workpiece head 50 and the tool head 80 accelerate and decelerate are generated as vectors in directions opposite to each other, and thus cancel each other, and the impact on the bed 10 is reduced.
Therefore, the generation of vibrations is small.

The working length is twice as long as the stroke of one of the heads, so that one of the heads has only to move the stroke of half the working length. Therefore,
The length dimension of the ball screw for obtaining a predetermined working length is half that of the conventional mechanism. Thus, the entire machine can be made compact. The above description relates to the axis X, but the remaining two axes Y and Z are controlled in the same manner as the axis X.

The machining center of the present invention is small, lightweight, and can be operated at high speed with the above configuration. In this machining center, the workpiece W is gripped downward by the workpiece head 50, so that the chips fall into the concave portion 16 of the bed 10. Therefore, by disposing a chip conveyor or the like in the recess 16,
Chip processing is also easily achieved. If necessary, the periphery of the bed 10 is covered with a cover 20, and the operator H opens the door 22 of the cover 20 to access the processing section.

FIG. 5 is a plan view showing another embodiment of the present invention. The high-speed horizontal machining center indicated generally by reference numeral 1A has a bed 10A having an L-shaped plane, and a workpiece unit 30A and a tool unit 60 are disposed on the bed 10A so as to face each other.

The tool unit 60 has the same configuration as that of the apparatus described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 and is controlled in three directions of axis X, axis Y and axis Z. The description of the structure is omitted. Saddle 3 of work unit 30A
2 is slidably supported on a guide rail 12A laid in the axis X direction on the bed 10A, and is slid by a long ball screw 36A driven by a servomotor 34 mounted on the bed 10A. . The configuration of the workpiece unit 30A has the same configuration as that described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4, and is controlled in three directions of axes X, Y, and Z. Among them, the stroke of the axis X is long, and it is possible to move between the loading station LS and the processing area facing the tool unit 60.

At the loading station LS,
The operator H opens the door 22A of the cover 20A,
A workpiece is attached to and removed from the workpiece head 50. The workpiece unit 30A that has returned to the machining area facing the tool unit 60 controls the movement of the workpiece head 50 and the tool head 80 in directions opposite to each other, and executes high-speed machining. In this machining center, the workpiece loading station LS is provided at a position where the operator H can easily access the workpiece.
The time for attaching and detaching the workpiece to and from the workpiece 0 can be reduced, and the machining efficiency can be improved.

FIG. 6 is a plan view showing still another embodiment of the present invention. The high-speed horizontal machining center indicated by the reference numeral 1B as a whole shows a bed 10B having a T-shape in plan view, and two work units 30B and 30C are provided on the bed 10B.
Then, the tool unit 60 is arranged to face. The tool unit 60 has the same configuration as that of the above-described embodiment apparatus, and is controlled in three axis directions of the axis X, the axis Y, and the axis Z. Is omitted.

The two workpiece units 30B and 30C are
Guide rail 1 laid in the direction of axis X on bed 10B
It is slidably supported on 2B. The first workpiece unit 30B includes a servo motor 3 provided on the bed 10B.
4B slides through the ball screw 36B. First
The workpiece unit 30B moves between the first loading station LS1 and the processing area facing the tool unit 60.

The second workpiece unit 30C includes a bed 1
0B via a ball screw 36C by a servo motor 34C provided on the second loading station L.
It moves between S2 and the machining area facing the tool unit 60. By providing two workpiece units, while one workpiece unit 30B is being processed at the processing station, the other workpiece unit 30C can be attached and detached at the loading station LS2. Therefore, productivity can be improved.

The periphery of the bed 10B is guarded by a cover 20B, and the operators H ₁ and H ₂ open the doors 22B and 24B respectively to open the loading station L.
S1 and LS2 can be accessed. Next, the concept of NC programming of relative axis movement applied to the high-speed horizontal machining center of the present invention will be described.

[0031] FIG. 7 shows a servo mechanism 1 of the workpiece units when machining program is instructed as a rectangle represented by W _10, the respective axes motion of the servo mechanism 2 of the tool unit. The servo mechanism 1 has an axis X ₁ and an axis Y ₁ as control axes, and the servo mechanism 2 has an axis X ₁ as a control axis.
_2, has an axis Y _2. The control axes are set in opposite directions, and the servo mechanism 1 moves along the coordinates (x ₁ , y ₁ ) and the servo mechanism 2 moves along the coordinates (x ₂ , y ₂ ). The coordinates (x, y) of the machining program are obtained by combining two coordinates. Therefore, the combined trajectory is the sum of the coordinates of each servo mechanism. Each servo mechanism
Since the control is performed at the same acceleration and the same speed, the combined trajectory draws a trajectory twice as large as the trajectory of each servo mechanism.

[0032] Figure 8 shows an example of shaft movement of the servo mechanism 2 when the machining program W ₂₀ is commanded as a circle.

FIG. 9 shows time T on the horizontal axis and velocity V on the vertical axis.
Shows the speed change when. In the servo mechanism of the present invention, since the two servo mechanisms drive the two units in directions opposite to each other, the speed and acceleration are twice the speed and acceleration commanded by the respective servo mechanisms. Then, since the velocity vector is directed to the opposite side, the impact force acts in a direction to cancel out. Therefore, the impact force applied to the bed is reduced. Further, the servo mechanisms 1 and 2 can easily create the same program.

[0034]

As described above, the high-speed horizontal machining center according to the present invention includes the tool unit and the workpiece unit disposed on the bed so as to face each other. The tool unit has a horizontal tool head and is controlled along three axes. The workpiece unit has a workpiece head that grips the workpiece downward and is controlled along three axes. The servo mechanism that controls the tool unit and the workpiece unit has a tool head and a workpiece head with the same acceleration, the same speed, and the same deceleration.
Commands are given to move in the opposite directions by the same distance.

Therefore, the relative acceleration between the workpiece and the tool,
The relative speed is twice the absolute acceleration and the absolute speed of each unit, and high-speed machining can be realized. At this time, the vector of the inertial force generated by the movement of each unit is:
The vectors become opposite to each other. Thus, the inertial force is canceled and the effect on the bed is reduced. Therefore, the occurrence of vibration of the entire apparatus is reduced. Furthermore, since the same program for controlling the movement of the bed can be used,
Programming becomes easy.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a high-speed horizontal machining center according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the high-speed horizontal machining center of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a view taken in the direction of arrows AA in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a view taken in the direction of arrows BB in FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a plan view showing a high-speed horizontal machining center according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a high-speed horizontal machining center according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a programming concept applied to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing a programming concept applied to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a programming concept applied to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 High-speed horizontal machining center 10 Bed 12 Guide rail 14 Guide rail 20 Cover 22 Door 30 Work unit 32 Saddle 40 Column 50 Work head 60 Tool unit 62 Column 76 Saddle 80 Tool head 90 Spindle 100 Automatic tool changer

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A bed having a rectangular planar shape, a tool unit having a horizontal tool head mounted on the bed and controlled to move along three axes of X, Y, and Z, and A workpiece unit having a workpiece head mounted opposite to the tool unit and controlled to move along three axes X, Y, and Z parallel to the control axis of the tool unit; The object head is a high-speed horizontal machining center that is controlled to move in the opposite directions by the same distance along the three axes at the same acceleration, the same speed, the same deceleration, and the same distance. 2. A bed having an L-shaped planar shape, a tool unit having a horizontal tool head mounted on the bed and controlled to move along three axes of X, Y and Z, and A workpiece unit having a workpiece head mounted to face the tool unit and controlled to move along three axes X, Y, and Z parallel to the control axis of the tool unit; Is controlled to move between the loading station for attaching and removing the workpiece to the workpiece head and the machining area facing the tool unit, and in the machining area, the tool head and the workpiece head are arranged in three axes. A high-speed horizontal machining center that is simultaneously controlled in the same direction, at the same acceleration, at the same speed, at the same deceleration, and in the opposite direction by the same distance. 3. A tool unit having a bed having a T-shaped planar shape, a tool unit having a horizontal tool head mounted on the bed and controlled to move along three axes of X, Y and Z. And two workpiece units having a workpiece head mounted to face the tool unit and controlled to move along three axes X, Y, and Z parallel to the control axis of the tool unit. The first workpiece unit is controlled to move between a first loading station for attaching and removing the workpiece to the workpiece head and a processing area facing the tool unit, and the second workpiece unit includes a workpiece head. The workpiece is controlled to move between a second loading station for attaching and removing a workpiece to and from a machining area facing the tool unit. The first and second workpiece units are provided with a tool head in the machining area. Workpiece head, same acceleration along three axes, the same speed, high-speed horizontal machining centers which at the same deceleration are simultaneously controlled to move only opposite directions the same distance. 4. The high-speed horizontal machining center according to claim 1, wherein the workpiece head comprises means for gripping the workpiece downward and means for indexing around the axis.