JP3484073B2 - High-speed horizontal machining center - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a horizontal machining center capable of achieving high-speed machining. 2. Description of the Related Art In order to improve the productivity of machining, it is necessary to increase the cutting speed and the feed speed of tools and workpieces. In a high-speed head or a servo mechanism for feeding a workpiece, a large-capacity servo motor is required to achieve high speed with only one servo mechanism. In order to shorten the processing cycle time,
It is necessary to increase the acceleration from the stop to the maximum speed and the deceleration from the maximum speed to the stop. [0003] In order to move a workpiece table or a tool head having a large mass with a large acceleration, a ball screw or a bearing device having high rigidity is required. In addition, the force generated when these large masses are accelerated or decelerated also increases, and a base such as a bed that supports the reaction force also requires a large rigidity. In addition, since these reaction forces cause vibration, the vibration preventing device also becomes large. The present invention provides a high-speed horizontal machining center that solves these problems. A high-speed horizontal machining center according to the present invention comprises, as basic means, a bed having a rectangular planar shape and three axes X, Y and Z mounted on the bed. A tool unit having a horizontal tool head that is controlled to move along the axis, and along three axes X, Y, and Z mounted on the bed in opposition to the tool unit and parallel to the control axis of the tool unit. And a workpiece unit having a workpiece head whose movement is controlled. The tool head and the workpiece head are simultaneously controlled to move in the opposite directions along the three axes at the same acceleration, the same speed, the same deceleration, and the same distance. A high-speed horizontal machining center according to the present invention comprises a bed having an L-shape in plan view and a horizontal tool head mounted on the bed and controlled to move along three axes X, Y and Z. And a workpiece head mounted on the bed opposite to the tool unit and controlled to move along three axes X, Y, and Z parallel to the control axis of the tool unit. An object unit is provided. The workpiece unit is controlled to move between a loading station for mounting and removing the workpiece on the workpiece head and a processing area facing the tool unit, and, in the processing area, the tool head and the workpiece head. Are controlled to move simultaneously in the opposite directions along the three axes at the same acceleration, the same speed, the same deceleration, and the same distance. Further, the high-speed horizontal machining center of the present invention has a horizontal T-shaped bed, and a horizontal tool head mounted on the bed and controlled to move along three axes X, Y and Z. And a workpiece head mounted on the bed opposite to the tool unit and controlled to move along three axes X, Y and Z parallel to the control axis of the tool unit. A base workpiece unit. The first workpiece unit is controlled to move between a first loading station for mounting and removing the workpiece on the workpiece head and a processing area facing the tool unit, and the second workpiece unit is configured to process the workpiece. The movement of the workpiece is controlled between a second loading station for attaching and removing a workpiece to and from a workpiece area facing the tool unit. The first and second workpiece units are provided with a tool head in the workpiece area. And the workpiece head are simultaneously controlled to move in the opposite directions along the three axes at the same acceleration, the same speed, the same deceleration, and the same distance. [0007] In each high-speed horizontal machining center, the workpiece head is provided with means for gripping the workpiece downward and means for indexing around the axis. FIG. 1 is a plan view of a high-speed horizontal machining center according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side view, and FIG.
FIG. 4 is a view along arrow A, and FIG. 4 is a view along arrow BB in FIG. The high-speed horizontal machining center, generally designated by the reference numeral 1, has a workpiece unit 30 and a tool unit 60 on a bed 10. The workpiece unit 30 has a guide rail 12 laid on one end of the bed 10 in the direction of the axis X, is slidably supported on the guide rail 12, and is mounted on the bed 10. The slider is slid in the direction of the axis X by a ball screw 36 driven by a servomotor 34. A guide rail 38 is provided on the saddle 32 in an axis Z direction orthogonal to the axis X.
8, a column 40 is slidably supported, and a saddle 32
It is slid in the direction of the axis Z by a ball screw 44 driven by a servomotor 42 mounted thereon. At the tip of the column 40, there is provided a guide rail 48 laid in the direction of the axis Y perpendicular to the plane including the axes X and Z. A workpiece head 50 is slidably supported on the guide rail 48, and is slid in the axis Y direction by a ball screw 54 driven by a servomotor 52 mounted on the top of the column 40. With the above-described configuration, the workpiece head 50 moves along three axes of the axis X, the axis Y, and the axis Z, and the moving speed and the moving amount are controlled by each servomotor. Further, the workpiece head 50 has a mechanism capable of indexing around its axis. The workpiece is processed by being attached downward to the workpiece head 50. The tool unit 60 disposed at the other end of the bed 10 has a guide rail 14 laid on the bed in the direction of the axis X. On the guide rail 14, a column 6
2 is slidably supported and slid by a ball screw 66 driven by a servomotor 64 mounted on the bed 10. The column 62 has a guide rail 68 laid in the axis Y direction, and a saddle 76 is slidably supported on the guide rail 68. The saddle 76 is slid along the axis Y by a servomotor 72 via a ball screw (not shown). A guide rail 78 is provided on the saddle 76 in the axis Z direction. A tool head 80 is slidably supported on the guide rail 78. The tool head 80 is slid by a servomotor 82 attached to the saddle 76 via a ball screw (not shown). The tool head 80 is mounted on the spindle 9
0 to grip the tool T. An automatic tool changer 100 is provided on the tool unit 60 side. The tool stored in the tool magazine 120 by the tool change arm 110 is moved to the spindle 9
Automatically supply for 0. The high-speed horizontal machining center 1 according to the present invention comprises:
As described above, the unit 30 and the tool unit 60 mounted on the bed 10 are respectively composed of the axis X, the axis Y, and the axis Z.
And a structure controlled to move in three axial directions. Then, the workpiece head 50 holding the workpiece W and the tool head 80 equipped with the tool T are simultaneously subjected to movement control at the same speed and the same distance in opposite directions. [0017] For example, the plus side of the workpiece head 50 is the axis X _1, when moving at a velocity V _X is the tool head 80
It is controlled to move in the positive direction of axis X ₂ at a speed V _X. Therefore, the workpiece head 50 and the tool head 80
Becomes possible to move at a relative speed of 2V _X. Similarly,
Axis X _1, X ₂ is in the negative direction in each coordinate system, when moving at a velocity V _X is the workpiece head 50 and rear head 80 is moving at a relative speed of 2V _X. [0018] Therefore, workpiece W held by the workpiece head 50, the loaded tool to the spindle 90 of the tool head 80, and be processed at a rate of 2V _X.
Then, the same acceleration as that of the workpiece head 50 and the tool head 80 is given to the acceleration α _X that accelerates to the speed V _X. The workpiece head 50 has reached the speed V _X is stopped and moved a distance L _X. At this time, the tool head 8
0 is also stopped by a distance L _X move in opposite directions. Therefore, the workpiece W is processed with a length of 2L _X. Then, the deceleration to a stop from a speed V _X is also equal deceleration is given to the workpiece head 50 and the tool head 80. As described above, with respect to the control in the axis X direction,
The workpiece W and the tool T are given relatively twice the value of acceleration, maximum speed, moving distance, and deceleration given to one of them. For example, in a processing device that stops the workpiece and controls movement of only the tool unit side,
In order to double the acceleration, it is necessary to increase the output of the motor, the drive system, the support mechanism, and the like in a geometric series.
That is, now, with the gravitational acceleration G as a unit, 0.5 G
Assuming that a mechanism capable of obtaining the acceleration has been achieved, in order to raise this acceleration to 1.0 G,
Driving systems such as motors, ball screws, bearings, etc., need to be drastically increased in size, and the structure receiving the reaction force due to this acceleration also increases in size. In this machining center, 0.5
Since the acceleration of 1.0 G can be obtained by using the mechanism for obtaining the acceleration of G, it is possible to easily achieve the high-speed machining using the current drive system or the like. Further, the impact force generated when the workpiece head 50 and the tool head 80 accelerate and decelerate is generated as vectors in directions opposite to each other, and thus cancel each other, and the impact on the bed 10 is reduced.
Therefore, the generation of vibrations is small. The working length is twice as long as the stroke of one of the heads, so that one of the heads only needs to move the stroke of half the working length. Therefore,
The length dimension of the ball screw for obtaining a predetermined working length is half that of the conventional mechanism. Thus, the entire machine can be made compact. The above description relates to the axis X, but the remaining two axes Y and Z are controlled in the same manner as the axis X. The machining center of the present invention can be made small, lightweight and high-speed by the above configuration. In this machining center, the workpiece W is gripped downward by the workpiece head 50, so that the chips fall into the concave portion 16 of the bed 10. Therefore, by disposing a chip conveyor or the like in the recess 16,
Chip processing is also easily achieved. If necessary, the periphery of the bed 10 is covered with a cover 20, and the operator H opens the door 22 of the cover 20 to access the processing section. FIG. 5 is a plan view showing another embodiment of the present invention. The high-speed horizontal machining center indicated generally by reference numeral 1A has a bed 10A having an L-shaped plan shape, and a workpiece unit 30A and a tool unit 60 are arranged on the bed 10A so as to face each other. The tool unit 60 has the same configuration as that of the apparatus described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 and is controlled in three directions of axis X, axis Y and axis Z. The description of the structure is omitted. Saddle 3 of work unit 30A
2 is slidably supported on a guide rail 12A laid on the bed 10A in the axis X direction, and is slid by a long ball screw 36A driven by a servomotor 34 mounted on the bed 10A. . The configuration of the workpiece unit 30A has a configuration similar to that described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4, and is controlled in three directions of an axis X, an axis Y, and an axis Z. Among them, the stroke of the axis X is long, and it is possible to move between the loading station LS and the machining area facing the tool unit 60. At the loading station LS,
The operator H opens the door 22A of the cover 20A,
The work is attached to and detached from the work head 50. The workpiece unit 30A that has returned to the machining area facing the tool unit 60 controls the movement of the workpiece head 50 and the tool head 80 in directions opposite to each other, and executes high-speed machining. In this machining center, since the workpiece loading station LS is provided at a position where the operator H can easily access the workpiece head 5,
The time for attaching and detaching the workpiece to and from the workpiece 0 can be reduced, and the machining efficiency can be improved. FIG. 6 is a plan view showing still another embodiment of the present invention. The high-speed horizontal machining center indicated by the reference numeral 1B is a bed 10B having a T-shape in plan view, and two workpiece units 30B and 30C are provided on the bed 10B.
Then, the tool unit 60 is arranged to face. The tool unit 60 has the same configuration as that of the embodiment device described above, and is controlled in three axis directions of the axis X, the axis Y, and the axis Z. Is omitted. The two workpiece units 30B and 30C are:
Guide rail 1 laid in the direction of axis X on bed 10B
It is slidably supported on 2B. The first workpiece unit 30B includes a servo motor 3 provided on the bed 10B.
4B slides through the ball screw 36B. First
The workpiece unit 30B moves between the first loading station LS1 and the processing area facing the tool unit 60. The second workpiece unit 30C includes a bed 1
0B via a ball screw 36C by a servo motor 34C provided on the second loading station L.
It moves between S2 and the machining area facing the tool unit 60. By providing two workpiece units, one workpiece unit 30B can be processed at the processing station, and the other workpiece unit 30C can be mounted and removed at the loading station LS2. Therefore, productivity can be improved. The periphery of the bed 10B is guarded by a cover 20B, and the operators H ₁ and H ₂ open the doors 22B and 24B respectively to open the loading station L.
S1 and LS2 can be accessed. Next, the concept of NC programming of relative axis movement applied to the high-speed horizontal machining center of the present invention will be described. [0031] FIG. 7 shows a servo mechanism 1 of the workpiece units when machining program is instructed as a rectangle represented by W _10, the respective axes motion of the servo mechanism 2 of the tool unit. The servo mechanism 1 has an axis X ₁ and an axis Y ₁ as control axes, and the servo mechanism 2 has an axis X ₁ as a control axis.
_2, has an axis Y _2. The control shaft is being set in opposite directions to each other, the servo mechanism 1 is moved along the coordinates (x _1, y _1), the servo mechanism 2 is moved along the coordinates (x _2, y _2). The coordinates (x, y) of the machining program are obtained by combining two coordinates. Therefore, the combined trajectory is the sum of the coordinates of each servo mechanism. Each servo mechanism
Since the control is performed at the same acceleration and the same speed, the combined trajectory draws a trajectory twice as large as the trajectory of each servo mechanism. [0032] Figure 8 shows an example of shaft movement of the servo mechanism 2 when the machining program W ₂₀ is commanded as a circle. FIG. 9 shows time T on the horizontal axis and velocity V on the vertical axis.
This shows the change in speed when the value is taken. In the servo mechanism of the present invention, since the two servo mechanisms drive the two units in directions opposite to each other, the speed and acceleration are twice the speed and acceleration commanded by the respective servo mechanisms. Then, since the velocity vector is directed to the opposite side, the impact force acts in a direction to cancel out. Therefore, the impact force applied to the bed is reduced. In addition, the servo mechanisms 1 and 2 can easily create the same program. As described above, the high-speed horizontal machining center according to the present invention includes the tool unit and the workpiece unit which are disposed on the bed so as to face each other. The tool unit has a horizontal tool head and is controlled along three axes. The workpiece unit has a workpiece head that grips the workpiece downward and is controlled along three axes. The servo mechanism that controls the tool unit and the work unit has a tool head and work head with the same acceleration, the same speed, and the same deceleration.
Commands are given to move in the opposite direction by the same distance. Therefore, the relative acceleration between the workpiece and the tool,
The relative speed is twice the absolute acceleration and absolute speed of each unit, and high-speed machining can be realized. At this time, the vector of the inertial force generated by the movement of each unit is:
The vectors become opposite to each other. Thus, the inertial force is canceled and the effect on the bed is reduced. Therefore, the occurrence of vibration of the entire apparatus is reduced. Furthermore, since the same program for controlling the movement of the bed can be used,
Programming becomes easy.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a plan view of a high-speed horizontal machining center according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a side view of the high-speed horizontal machining center of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a view taken along the line AA in FIG. 2; FIG. 4 is a view taken in the direction of arrows BB in FIG. 2; FIG. 5 is a plan view showing a high-speed horizontal machining center according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a high-speed horizontal machining center according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a programming concept applied to the present invention. FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing a programming concept applied to the present invention. FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a programming concept applied to the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 High-speed horizontal machining center 10 Bed 12 Guide rail 14 Guide rail 20 Cover 22 Door 30 Work unit 32 Saddle 40 Column 50 Work head 60 Tool unit 62 Column 76 Saddle 80 Tool head 90 Spindle 100 Automatic tool changer

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B23P 23/00

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] [Claim 1] A bed having a T-shaped planar shape and a bed
Movement control along three axes of axis X, axis Y and axis Z
A tool unit having a horizontal tool head
The tool unit is installed opposite the tool unit on the
Moves along three axes X, Y and Z parallel to the control axis
First and second two workpiece heads having controlled workpiece heads
Two workpiece heads with workpiece unit
Is a means for gripping the workpiece downward and an angle around the axis.
Means for indexing the workpiece , wherein the first workpiece unit attaches the workpiece to the workpiece head.
First loading station and tool to be removed
Movement control is performed between the machining areas facing the unit.
Workpiece unit 2 attaches the work to the work head
Second loading station and tool to be removed
Movement control is performed between the processing areas facing the unit, and the first and second workpiece units are located in the processing area.
Means that the tool head and workpiece head are identical along three axes
Acceleration, same speed, same deceleration, same distance
High-speed horizontal machining with simultaneous movement control in opposite directions
center.