JPH11300178A - Method for cleaning membrane of membrane separator - Google Patents
Method for cleaning membrane of membrane separatorInfo
- Publication number
- JPH11300178A JPH11300178A JP11720698A JP11720698A JPH11300178A JP H11300178 A JPH11300178 A JP H11300178A JP 11720698 A JP11720698 A JP 11720698A JP 11720698 A JP11720698 A JP 11720698A JP H11300178 A JPH11300178 A JP H11300178A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- liquid
- pressure
- cleaning
- pressure vessel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Landscapes
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、ラテックス濃縮、
コロイドシリカ濃縮、有価物回収、廃液処理、金属分
級、水道水濾過、活性汚泥処理等に有用な膜分離装置の
膜洗浄方法に関するものであり、特に透過効率が高めら
れた振動型の膜分離装置の膜洗浄方法に関するものであ
る。The present invention relates to a latex concentrate,
The present invention relates to a membrane cleaning method for a membrane separation device useful for colloidal silica concentration, valuable resource recovery, waste liquid treatment, metal classification, tap water filtration, activated sludge treatment, and the like, and in particular, a vibration type membrane separation device with improved permeation efficiency. And a method for cleaning a film.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、化学工業、製紙工業、廃水処理等
の分野では、例えば、ラテックス廃水等の処理対象液を
透過性膜により濾過処理する膜分離方法が採用されてい
る。この膜分離方法は、微小孔を備えた透過性膜により
透過成分と非透過成分を分離するものであるが、非透過
成分による微小孔の目詰まり（ファウリング）、そして
その目詰まりによる透過流束の低下に伴う透過効率の低
下が問題とされている。目詰まりを防止するために透過
性膜を振動させつつ透過を行わせる振動型膜分離装置
が、特開平２−２４１５２４号公報に開示されている。
この従来の振動型膜分離装置を、図４を参照しつつ説明
する。この膜分離装置は、処理対象液を満たした原液タ
ンク１、供給手段としてのポンプ２および圧力容器３を
備えている。圧力容器３は、透過性膜３１で仕切られる
ことにより、一方側と他方側とが形成されている。原液
タンク１内に蓄えられた処理対象液が、ポンプ２を通じ
て圧力容器３の一方側に加圧状態で供給される。透過性
膜３１の一方側と他方側では内圧差が生じている。その
内圧差は、通常は２〜４０ｋｇ／ｃｍ2 程度に設定され
ている。この内圧差により、図５に示すように、透過成
分が透過性膜３１の微小孔３１ａを透過して圧力容器３
の他方側に移動し、処理対象液が濃縮される。図４で
は、圧力容器３内に模式的に一枚の透過性膜３１のみが
示されているが、実際は、多数枚（例えば数百枚）の透
過性膜３１が多段に設けられている。すなわち、図２に
示すように、上下の各透過性膜３１の間に２枚の不織布
のドレインクロス３２を介して金属板３３を積層したも
のが水平方向に配置され、且つ上下方向に所定間隙を設
けて多段に設置されている。さらに、図３に示すよう
に、それらの上下の透過性膜３１と２枚のドレインクロ
ス３２と金属板３３を積層したものＡの中心部には上下
方向に透過液の排出流路３４が形成され、容器上部には
透過液の出口３５が形成され、容器下部には濃縮液の出
口３６が形成されている。図２中、上位の透過性膜３１
の上側が一方側であり、ドレインクロス３２側が他方側
である。この一方側に処理対象液を供給すると、一方側
の内圧は他方側より高圧（２〜４０ｋｇ／ｃｍ2 ）に設
定されているため、処理対象液中の透過成分が膜３１の
微小孔を透過してドレインクロス３２側へ達する。当該
透過性膜を透過成分が透過した後の濃縮側の液は図２の
次の段の透過性膜３１の一方側に供給され、同じく透過
処理が行われる。こうして、多数枚の透過性膜３１で順
次透過処理された後の濃縮側の液は、最終的に、図３に
示す容器下部の濃縮液の出口３６から濃縮液取出経路３
７（図４参照）を通じて圧力容器３から取り出される。
透過性膜３１を透過した透過液は、ドレインクロス３２
内の空隙を流路として各流路内の透過液が集められて、
図３に示す容器中心部の上下方向に設けた円形断面の排
出流路３４から容器上部の透過液の出口３５を経て透過
液取出経路３８（図４参照）を通じて圧力容器３から取
り出される。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in the fields of the chemical industry, paper industry, wastewater treatment and the like, a membrane separation method of filtering a liquid to be treated such as latex wastewater with a permeable membrane has been adopted. In this membrane separation method, a permeated component and a non-permeated component are separated by a permeable membrane having micropores. However, clogging of the micropores (fouling) due to the non-permeated component and permeation flow due to the clogging are caused. There is a problem that the transmission efficiency is reduced due to the reduction of the bundle. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-241524 discloses a vibrating membrane separation apparatus that performs permeation while vibrating a permeable membrane in order to prevent clogging.
This conventional vibration type membrane separation device will be described with reference to FIG. This membrane separation device includes a stock solution tank 1 filled with a liquid to be treated, a pump 2 as a supply means, and a pressure vessel 3. The pressure vessel 3 is partitioned by a permeable membrane 31 to form one side and the other side. The processing target liquid stored in the stock solution tank 1 is supplied to one side of the pressure vessel 3 through the pump 2 in a pressurized state. There is an internal pressure difference between one side and the other side of the permeable membrane 31. The internal pressure difference is usually set to about 2 to 40 kg / cm 2 . Due to this internal pressure difference, as shown in FIG. 5, the permeated component passes through the micropores 31a of the permeable membrane 31, and
And the solution to be treated is concentrated. In FIG. 4, only one permeable membrane 31 is schematically shown in the pressure vessel 3. However, in practice, many (for example, several hundred) permeable membranes 31 are provided in multiple stages. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, a metal plate 33 laminated between two upper and lower permeable membranes 31 with two non-woven drain cloths 32 interposed therebetween is arranged horizontally, and a predetermined gap is formed in the vertical direction. Are installed in multiple stages. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the upper and lower permeable films 31, two drain cloths 32, and a metal plate 33 are laminated on each other. An outlet 35 for the permeate is formed in the upper part of the container, and an outlet 36 for the concentrated liquid is formed in the lower part of the container. 2, the upper permeable membrane 31
Is the one side, and the drain cross 32 side is the other side. When the liquid to be treated is supplied to one side, the internal pressure of one side is set higher than that of the other side ( 2 to 40 kg / cm 2 ). And reaches the drain cross 32 side. The liquid on the concentration side after the permeated component has passed through the permeable membrane is supplied to one side of the permeable membrane 31 in the next stage in FIG. 2, and the same permeation process is performed. In this manner, the liquid on the concentration side which has been sequentially subjected to the permeation treatment by the large number of permeable membranes 31 finally passes through the concentrated liquid outlet 36 at the lower part of the container shown in FIG.
7 (see FIG. 4).
The permeated liquid that has passed through the permeable membrane 31 is supplied to the drain cloth 32.
The permeated liquid in each flow path is collected using the void in the flow path as a flow path,
3 is taken out of the pressure vessel 3 through a permeate outlet path 38 (see FIG. 4) through a permeate outlet 35 at the top of the vessel from a discharge passage 34 having a circular cross section provided in the vertical direction of the center of the vessel.
【０００３】圧力容器３には加振手段（図１の符号３ａ
のモータに相当するもの）が連結されており、この加振
手段により圧力容器３に振動が加えられ、透過性膜３１
が水平面内の円周方向に微小振幅の往復運動を行う。こ
のような透過性膜３１の振動により、図５に示すよう
に、非透過成分４１による膜の微小孔の目詰まりが防止
される。A vibrating means (reference numeral 3a in FIG. 1)
Is connected to the pressure vessel 3 by the vibrating means.
Performs a reciprocating motion of minute amplitude in the circumferential direction in the horizontal plane. Due to such vibration of the permeable membrane 31, clogging of the micropores of the membrane by the non-permeable component 41 is prevented as shown in FIG.
【０００４】この膜分離装置を停止させるには、バルブ
３９が閉じられてバルブ４０が開かれる。そして、この
バルブ４０を通じて清水が系内に供給され、ポンプ２を
起動させて系内に残存する処理対象液を排出する。系内
の処理対象液が完全に清水に置換された後、ポンプ２を
停止する。ポンプ２の停止により、透過性膜３１の一方
側と他方側とがほぼ同圧となる。こうして、系内に清水
を残存させることにより、膜分離装置の停止中に透過性
膜３１が乾燥して劣化してしまうのを防ぐことができ
る。[0004] To stop the membrane separation apparatus, the valve 39 is closed and the valve 40 is opened. Then, fresh water is supplied into the system through the valve 40, and the pump 2 is activated to discharge the liquid to be treated remaining in the system. After the liquid to be treated in the system is completely replaced with fresh water, the pump 2 is stopped. By stopping the pump 2, one side and the other side of the permeable membrane 31 have substantially the same pressure. In this way, by leaving the fresh water in the system, it is possible to prevent the permeable membrane 31 from drying and deteriorating while the membrane separation device is stopped.
【０００５】振動型膜分離装置は、透過性膜を振動させ
ることにより膜表面の目詰まりを防止しつつ濾過処理を
するものであるため、通常の濾過プロセスでは膜の目詰
まりを起こすことはなく、膜を洗浄する必要はほとんど
ない。しかし、一定期間濾過を行うと、膜モジュール
（透過性膜３１が多段に設置された圧力容器３）内に濃
縮された微小な懸濁物質が残留し、その懸濁物質によっ
て処理対象液の流路Ｂ（図２に示す多段に設置された透
過性膜３１の空隙）が閉塞を起こすことがある。また、
膜の微小孔以下の大きさの極微小な物質は、通常、膜の
微小孔を通過するが、これらの極微小な物質が微小孔に
吸着され、次々に極微小な物質が微小孔内に堆積して、
やがて膜の目詰まりを起こすことがある。以上のような
流路の閉塞や極微小な物質による膜の目詰まりは膜を振
動させるだけでは防ぐことができない。このような理由
により、一定期間毎に膜分離装置の膜洗浄を行う必要が
ある。[0005] The vibrating type membrane separation apparatus performs a filtration treatment while preventing clogging of the membrane surface by vibrating a permeable membrane. Therefore, the membrane is not clogged in a normal filtration process. There is almost no need to clean the membrane. However, when filtration is performed for a certain period of time, a concentrated fine suspended substance remains in the membrane module (the pressure vessel 3 in which the permeable membrane 31 is provided in multiple stages), and the suspended substance causes the flow of the liquid to be treated. The passage B (the gap of the permeable membrane 31 provided in multiple stages shown in FIG. 2) may be blocked. Also,
Microscopic substances having a size smaller than the micropores of the membrane usually pass through the micropores of the membrane, but these microscopic substances are adsorbed by the micropores, and the microscopic substances successively enter the micropores. Pile up,
Eventually, the membrane may become clogged. The blockage of the flow path and the clogging of the membrane due to the extremely minute substance as described above cannot be prevented only by vibrating the membrane. For this reason, it is necessary to perform the membrane cleaning of the membrane separation apparatus at regular intervals.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところで、膜分離装置
の膜モジュールは透過性膜３１と金属板３３との間に透
過液の水平方向の流路を形成するドレインクロス３２が
介装された構造であり、透過性膜３１が金属板３３に直
接固定された構造ではないため、洗浄方法を誤ると膜を
破損する可能性がある。すなわち、圧力容器３の出口圧
力（圧力容器から排出される濃縮側の液の圧力）を特に
調整せずに洗浄を行うと、図３に示すように、一つの排
出流路３４で結ばれている透過液の圧力が濃縮側の液の
圧力を上回り、図６に示すように、ドレインクロス３２
内の流路にある透過液の圧力Ｐ1 が濃縮側の液の圧力Ｐ
2 より大きいことに起因して透過性膜３１とドレインク
ロス３２が金属板３３から浮き上がって透過性膜とドレ
インクロスの両方が金属板から剥がれ、透過性膜が損傷
に至ることがある。透過性膜が損傷すると、損傷箇所を
通じて本来透過されるべきでない成分が一方側から他方
側へ移行してしまい、適切な透過処理が行われなくな
る。また、損傷が激しい場合には、圧力容器３を取り替
える必要が生じ、その間、膜分離装置の運転を中断せざ
るを得ず、しかも高価な透過性膜３１を含む圧力容器３
の取り替えには多大の費用がかかるという問題がある。
さらに、膜モジュールは、平膜である透過性膜が多段に
配置されているため、透過性膜３１とドレインクロス３
２が金属板３３から浮き上がることと、透過性膜３１が
静止状態であるがゆえに、膜表面全体に洗浄液が行き届
かず、膜の洗浄が不完全になる。Incidentally, the membrane module of the membrane separation apparatus has a structure in which a drain cloth 32 for forming a horizontal flow path of a permeated liquid is interposed between a permeable membrane 31 and a metal plate 33. Since the permeable membrane 31 is not directly fixed to the metal plate 33, there is a possibility that the membrane may be damaged if the cleaning method is incorrect. That is, if the washing is performed without particularly adjusting the outlet pressure of the pressure vessel 3 (the pressure of the liquid on the concentration side discharged from the pressure vessel), as shown in FIG. The pressure of the permeated liquid exceeds the pressure of the liquid on the concentration side, and as shown in FIG.
The pressure P 1 of the permeate in the flow path in the inside is the pressure P of the liquid on the concentration side.
Due to being larger than 2 , the permeable film 31 and the drain cloth 32 may be lifted from the metal plate 33 and both the permeable film and the drain cloth may be peeled off from the metal plate, and the permeable film may be damaged. When the permeable membrane is damaged, components that should not be transmitted through the damaged portion are shifted from one side to the other side, and the appropriate transmission processing is not performed. If the damage is severe, it is necessary to replace the pressure vessel 3, during which time the operation of the membrane separation device must be interrupted, and the pressure vessel 3 including the expensive permeable membrane 31
There is a problem in that replacement of a large amount of money is expensive.
Further, in the membrane module, since the permeable membranes, which are flat membranes, are arranged in multiple stages, the permeable membrane 31 and the drain cross 3
Since 2 is lifted from the metal plate 33 and the permeable film 31 is in a stationary state, the cleaning liquid does not reach the entire surface of the film and cleaning of the film is incomplete.
【０００７】本発明は従来の技術の有するこのような問
題点に鑑みてなされたものであって、その目的は、透過
性膜を損傷することなく、しかも効果的に膜の洗浄を行
うことができる膜分離装置の膜の洗浄方法を提供するこ
とにある。[0007] The present invention has been made in view of such problems of the prior art, and an object thereof is to perform effective cleaning of a permeable membrane without damaging the membrane. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for cleaning a membrane of a membrane separation apparatus which can be used.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するため
に本発明の要旨は、圧力容器内に透過性膜を配置し、上
記透過性膜と該透過性膜を支持する支持板との間に水平
方向に流路を形成し、且つ上記圧力容器に透過液の排出
流路を形成し、上記圧力容器の処理対象液入口に加圧状
態の洗浄液を供給し、洗浄液中の透過成分を透過性膜を
透過させてこの透過液を上記水平方向の流路から排出流
路を経て圧力容器の透過液の出口から外部に取り出し、
透過性膜を透過しないものからなる濃縮側の液を圧力容
器の濃縮液の出口から外部に取り出す膜分離装置の膜の
洗浄方法において、圧力容器から取り出される濃縮側の
液の圧力が上記水平方向の流路内の透過液の圧力よりも
高くなるように調整しつつ透過性膜の洗浄を行うことを
特徴とする膜分離装置の膜の洗浄方法を第一の発明と
し、上記第一の発明において、透過性膜が振動可能であ
って、透過性膜を振動させつつその透過性膜の洗浄を行
うことを特徴とする膜分離装置の膜の洗浄方法を第二の
発明とする。In order to achieve the above object, the gist of the present invention is to dispose a permeable membrane in a pressure vessel, and to place a permeable membrane between the permeable membrane and a support plate supporting the permeable membrane. A horizontal flow path is formed in the pressure vessel, and a permeated liquid discharge flow path is formed in the pressure vessel, and a cleaning liquid in a pressurized state is supplied to a treatment liquid inlet of the pressure vessel to transmit a permeated component in the cleaning liquid. The permeated liquid is taken out from the outlet of the permeated liquid of the pressure vessel through the discharge flow path from the horizontal flow path through the porous membrane,
In the method for cleaning a membrane of a membrane separation device, in which a liquid on the concentration side comprising a substance that does not pass through the permeable membrane is taken out from the outlet of the concentrated solution in the pressure vessel, the pressure of the solution on the concentration side taken out of the pressure vessel is in the horizontal direction. The first invention is a method for cleaning a membrane of a membrane separation device, characterized in that the permeable membrane is washed while adjusting the pressure to be higher than the pressure of the permeate in the flow path of the first invention. In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for cleaning a membrane of a membrane separation device, wherein the permeable membrane is capable of vibrating, and the permeable membrane is cleaned while vibrating the permeable membrane.
【０００９】本発明において、膜の洗浄はフラッシング
を含む意である。このように、圧力容器から排出される
濃縮側の液の圧力が透過液の圧力よりも高くなるように
濃縮側の液の圧力を調整しつつ膜の洗浄を行うことによ
り、膜を損傷させることなく、しかも、第二の発明のよ
うに、透過性膜を振動させれば、膜の振動効果により、
膜の目詰まりや流路の閉塞の原因となる微小な懸濁物質
を効果的に系外に排出することができる。In the present invention, cleaning of the film is meant to include flushing. In this way, the membrane is washed by adjusting the pressure of the liquid on the concentration side so that the pressure of the liquid on the concentration side discharged from the pressure vessel is higher than the pressure of the permeate, thereby damaging the membrane. However, if the permeable membrane is vibrated as in the second invention,
A minute suspended substance that causes clogging of a membrane or blockage of a flow path can be effectively discharged out of the system.
【００１０】[0010]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、図面を参照しつつ、本発明
の好ましい実施例を説明する。図１は、本発明の膜分離
装置の膜のフラッシングおよび洗浄方法を適用しうる振
動型膜分離装置の経路図である。この膜分離装置は、図
４に示されたものと同様の原液タンク１、ポンプ２およ
び圧力容器３に加えて、洗浄液タンク４を備えている。
この経路内には、自動バルブ５、６、７、８、９、１
０、１１、１２、１３、１４、１５および手動バルブ１
６、１７、１８、１９、２０が配設されている。また、
ポンプ２と圧力容器３との間には三方弁２１が設けられ
ている。Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a path diagram of a vibration type membrane separation apparatus to which a method for flushing and cleaning a membrane of a membrane separation apparatus of the present invention can be applied. This membrane separation device includes a cleaning liquid tank 4 in addition to a stock solution tank 1, a pump 2 and a pressure vessel 3 similar to those shown in FIG.
In this path, automatic valves 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1
0, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and manual valve 1
6, 17, 18, 19, and 20 are provided. Also,
A three-way valve 21 is provided between the pump 2 and the pressure vessel 3.
【００１１】手動バルブ１６、１７は通常、常時開いて
いるが、長期間の運転停止時にはこれらの手動バルブは
閉じられる。通常運転時には自動バルブ５を開き、自動
バルブ６を閉じて系内に処理対象液を供給するが、フラ
ッシングおよび洗浄時には自動バルブ５を閉じ、自動バ
ルブ６を開くことによりフラッシング水および洗浄水を
系内に供給する。手動バルブ１８の開度を調整すること
により、ポンプ２から三方弁２１を経て圧力容器３に供
給される液量を調整することができる。三方弁２１に代
えて流量調整弁を使用する場合は、手動バルブ１８は不
要である。The manual valves 16, 17 are normally open at all times, but are closed during prolonged shutdowns. During normal operation, the automatic valve 5 is opened, and the automatic valve 6 is closed to supply the liquid to be treated into the system. However, during flushing and cleaning, the automatic valve 5 is closed and the automatic valve 6 is opened to flush the flushing water and the cleaning water. Supply within. By adjusting the opening of the manual valve 18, the amount of liquid supplied from the pump 2 to the pressure vessel 3 via the three-way valve 21 can be adjusted. When a flow regulating valve is used instead of the three-way valve 21, the manual valve 18 is unnecessary.
【００１２】圧力容器３から透過液を排出する出口部分
には、透過液の逆流による膜の破損を防ぐために、チェ
ッキバルブ２２が設置されている。自動バルブ７と手動
バルブ２０は通常運転時には開いているが、膜の乾燥に
よる劣化を防ぐために長期間の運転停止時には閉じられ
る。A check valve 22 is provided at an outlet for discharging the permeate from the pressure vessel 3 in order to prevent the membrane from being damaged due to the backflow of the permeate. The automatic valve 7 and the manual valve 20 are open during normal operation, but are closed during long-term operation stop to prevent deterioration due to drying of the film.
【００１３】図６に関して説明したように、透過性膜を
損傷しないようにするためには、濃縮側の液の圧力を透
過液の圧力より大きくする必要があるが、濃縮側の液の
圧力が大きくなりすぎると、透過性膜３１に付着した微
小な懸濁物質は金属板３３側に強く押しつけられて取れ
にくくなるので、透過性膜３１に付着した懸濁物質を除
去しやすくするため、自動バルブ７にバイパスを設け、
透過液の圧力が濃縮側の液の圧力を上回らない程度に透
過液の圧力を高めるように上記バイパスに背圧弁を設
け、自動バルブ７をタイマーで開閉させるのが好ましい
（以下、本明細書において、「透過性膜の逆洗」とい
う）。As described with reference to FIG. 6, in order to prevent the permeable membrane from being damaged, the pressure of the liquid on the concentration side needs to be higher than the pressure of the permeated liquid. If the size is too large, the fine suspended matter adhering to the permeable membrane 31 is strongly pressed against the metal plate 33 and becomes difficult to remove, so that the suspended matter adhered to the permeable membrane 31 is easily removed. A bypass is provided in the valve 7,
It is preferable to provide a back pressure valve in the bypass so as to increase the pressure of the permeate so that the pressure of the permeate does not exceed the pressure of the liquid on the concentration side, and to open and close the automatic valve 7 with a timer (hereinafter, in the present specification). , "Backwashing of the permeable membrane").
【００１４】また、通常運転時には自動バルブ８を開
き、自動バルブ１２を閉じて、透過液を系外に排出す
る。また、透過性膜の洗浄時には、自動バルブ８を閉
じ、自動バルブ１２を開いて洗浄液を循環させる。During normal operation, the automatic valve 8 is opened, the automatic valve 12 is closed, and the permeate is discharged out of the system. When cleaning the permeable membrane, the automatic valve 8 is closed and the automatic valve 12 is opened to circulate the cleaning liquid.
【００１５】手動バルブ１９は加圧容器３から排出され
る濃縮側の液に背圧を付加するために設けるもので、こ
のバルブ１９の開度を調節することにより濃縮側の液の
流量および圧力の調整を行い、手動バルブ１９を経て排
出される濃縮側の液の圧力が自動バルブ７を経て排出さ
れる透過液の圧力を上回るように設定することができ
る。自動バルブ９は振動型膜分離装置本体のタイマーも
しくはモータの負荷の設定値により開閉を行い、濃縮側
の液の濃縮倍率の調整を行うことができる。通常運転時
には自動バルブ１０は開き、自動バルブ１１を閉じて濃
縮側の液を系外に排出することができるが、透過性膜の
洗浄時には自動バルブ１０を閉じ、自動バルブ１１を開
いて、洗浄液を循環させることができる。The manual valve 19 is provided for applying a back pressure to the liquid on the concentration side discharged from the pressurized container 3. By adjusting the opening of the valve 19, the flow rate and the pressure of the liquid on the concentration side are adjusted. Is adjusted so that the pressure of the liquid on the concentration side discharged through the manual valve 19 exceeds the pressure of the permeate discharged through the automatic valve 7. The automatic valve 9 opens and closes according to a set value of a timer or a motor load of the vibration type membrane separation device main body, and can adjust the concentration magnification of the liquid on the concentration side. During normal operation, the automatic valve 10 is opened, the automatic valve 11 is closed, and the liquid on the concentration side can be discharged out of the system. However, when the permeable membrane is washed, the automatic valve 10 is closed, the automatic valve 11 is opened, and the washing liquid is opened. Can be circulated.
【００１６】また、通常運転時には自動バルブ１３、１
４は閉じているが、透過性膜の洗浄時には、自動バルブ
１３を開いて洗浄液を循環させることができる。また、
自動バルブ１４は通常運転時に濃縮側の液を循環させて
濃縮倍率を高める目的のために開くこともできる。さら
に、自動バルブ１５はフラッシングまたは洗浄時に清水
を洗浄液タンク４に導入するときに開かれる。また、洗
浄時には定量ポンプ２３により薬液を所定量洗浄タンク
４に導入し、清水と混合することにより洗浄液を作製す
ることができる。During normal operation, the automatic valves 13, 1
Although 4 is closed, when cleaning the permeable membrane, the automatic valve 13 can be opened to circulate the cleaning liquid. Also,
The automatic valve 14 can be opened for the purpose of increasing the concentration ratio by circulating the liquid on the concentration side during normal operation. Further, the automatic valve 15 is opened when fresh water is introduced into the washing liquid tank 4 during flushing or washing. In addition, at the time of washing, a predetermined amount of a chemical solution is introduced into the washing tank 4 by the metering pump 23 and mixed with fresh water to produce a washing solution.
【００１７】以上のように構成される振動型膜分離装置
の運転および膜洗浄等の各プロセスについて次に説明す
る。Next, the operation of the vibrating type membrane separation apparatus configured as described above and each process such as membrane cleaning will be described.
【００１８】（１）運転開始時 振動型膜分離装置を起動する際には、膜の損傷を防ぐた
め、以下の手順で操作を行うのが好ましい。 自動バルブ５、８、１０、手動バルブ１６および手
動バルブ２０を開き、その他のバルブは閉じておく。ま
た、あらかじめ、手動バルブ１８（三方弁２１に代えて
流量調整弁を使用する場合はその流量を調整する）と手
動バルブ１９の開度を調整してポンプ２の吐出圧力と圧
力容器３から排出される濃縮側の液の圧力が適切な圧力
になるように調整しておく。(1) At the start of operation When starting the vibrating membrane separation apparatus, it is preferable to carry out the following procedures in order to prevent damage to the membrane. The automatic valves 5, 8, 10, the manual valve 16 and the manual valve 20 are opened, and the other valves are closed. Also, the opening degree of the manual valve 18 (adjust the flow rate when a flow rate adjusting valve is used instead of the three-way valve 21) and the manual valve 19 are adjusted in advance to discharge the pump 2 and discharge the pressure from the pressure vessel 3. The pressure of the concentrated liquid to be concentrated is adjusted to an appropriate pressure.
【００１９】 ポンプ２を起動させる。 自動バルブ９を開き、数秒後に自動バルブ７を開
き、圧力容器３から透過液側に逆圧がかかるのを防ぐ。The pump 2 is started. The automatic valve 9 is opened, and after a few seconds, the automatic valve 7 is opened to prevent a reverse pressure from being applied from the pressure vessel 3 to the permeate side.
【００２０】 振動型膜分離装置を起動しうる最低圧
力に達した後、モータ３ａを起動させる。圧力容器３内
に設置された、多段に積層された透過性膜はモータ３ａ
の作用により偏心ウエイトを回転させて水平面内の円周
方向に微小振幅（２．５ｃｍ）の往復運度（振動数６０
Ｈｚ）を行うため、モータ３ａの回転数はその振幅に合
わせてあらかじめ振動型膜分離装置に付属しているイン
バータ（図示せず）を用いて調整しておく。After reaching the minimum pressure at which the vibration type membrane separation device can be started, the motor 3a is started. The multi-layered permeable membrane installed in the pressure vessel 3 is a motor 3a.
The eccentric weight is rotated by the action of, and the reciprocating mobility (frequency: 60 cm) with a small amplitude (2.5 cm) in the circumferential direction in the horizontal plane
Hz), the rotation speed of the motor 3a is adjusted in advance using an inverter (not shown) attached to the vibration type membrane separation device in accordance with the amplitude.
【００２１】 圧力を運転圧力まで上昇させた後、振
動型膜分離装置を自動運転に切り替えて運転を行う。After the pressure is increased to the operating pressure, the operation is performed by switching the vibration type membrane separation device to the automatic operation.
【００２２】（２）通常運転時 振動型膜分離装置の自動運転はタイマーを用いて濃縮側
の液の出口側に設置した自動バルブ９の開閉により行
う。その開閉のタイミングは濃縮側の液の濃度が所定の
値となるように調整する。また、自動バルブ９を使用せ
ずに濃縮側の液を循環させてその液の濃度を調整すると
きは、自動バルブ１０を閉じ、自動バルブ１１、１４を
開いて濃縮側の液を原液タンク１に戻す。また、上記し
た透過性膜の逆洗を行う場合は、自動バルブ７にバイパ
スを設け、そのバイパスに背圧弁を設置して、透過液の
圧力が濃縮側の液の圧力より大きくならない程度に透過
液の圧力を高め、自動バルブ７をタイマーを用いて開閉
させるのが好ましい。その開閉のタイミングと圧力の調
整はあらかじめ試験を行ってデータを得ておくのが好ま
しい。(2) Normal Operation Automatic operation of the vibrating membrane separation apparatus is performed by opening and closing an automatic valve 9 provided on the outlet side of the liquid on the concentration side using a timer. The opening and closing timing is adjusted so that the concentration of the liquid on the concentration side becomes a predetermined value. When the concentration of the concentrated liquid is adjusted by circulating the concentrated liquid without using the automatic valve 9, the automatic valve 10 is closed, and the automatic valves 11 and 14 are opened to store the concentrated liquid in the undiluted liquid tank 1. Return to When the above-mentioned permeable membrane is backwashed, a bypass is provided in the automatic valve 7 and a back pressure valve is installed in the bypass to prevent the pressure of the permeated liquid from being higher than the pressure of the liquid on the concentration side. It is preferable to increase the pressure of the liquid and open and close the automatic valve 7 using a timer. It is preferable that the timing of the opening and closing and the adjustment of the pressure are obtained by performing a test in advance to obtain data.
【００２３】（３）膜のフラッシング時 膜分離装置の運転を停止する際、圧力容器３には濃縮側
の液が存在しており、この圧力容器３内に残存している
液により膜が劣化するのを防止するため、清水を用いて
フラッシングを行う。 モータ３ａおよびポンプ２の運転を停止し、手動バ
ルブ１９を開き、自動バルブ５を閉じる。 自動バルブ１５を開いて洗浄液タンク４に清水を導
入する。 自動バルブ９を開き、数秒後に自動バルブ７を開
き、圧力容器３から透過液側に逆圧がかかるのを防ぐ。(3) During Flushing of Membrane When the operation of the membrane separation apparatus is stopped, the liquid on the concentration side is present in the pressure vessel 3, and the liquid remaining in the pressure vessel 3 deteriorates the membrane. Flushing is performed using fresh water to prevent water from being washed. The operation of the motor 3a and the pump 2 is stopped, the manual valve 19 is opened, and the automatic valve 5 is closed. The automatic valve 15 is opened and fresh water is introduced into the cleaning liquid tank 4. The automatic valve 9 is opened, and after a few seconds, the automatic valve 7 is opened to prevent a reverse pressure from being applied from the pressure vessel 3 to the permeate side.
【００２４】 自動バルブ６を開いてポンプ２を起動
させる。 ２〜３ｋｇ／ｃｍ2 以上の圧力で清水を圧力容器３
内に導入し、モータ３ａを起動させて圧力容器３内の透
過性膜を振動させる。なお、手動バルブ１９を経て圧力
容器３から排出される濃縮側の液の圧力が自動バルブ７
側に排出される透過液の圧力を上回るように、手動バル
ブ１９の開度を調節して膜の損傷を防止する。 自動バルブ１０を経て排出される濃縮側の液が清水
に完全に置換されるまで上記フラッシング工程を継続す
る。 自動バルブ１０を経て排出される流体が清水である
ことを確認した後、ポンプ２およびモータ３ａの運転を
停止し、系内の圧力を大気圧に開放した後、自動バルブ
７を閉じ、その後、自動バルブ９を閉じる。The pump 2 is started by opening the automatic valve 6. Pressurized water with pressure of 2-3 kg / cm 2 or more into pressure vessel 3
And the motor 3a is started to vibrate the permeable membrane in the pressure vessel 3. The pressure of the liquid on the concentration side discharged from the pressure vessel 3 via the manual valve 19 is controlled by the automatic valve 7.
The opening of the manual valve 19 is adjusted so as to exceed the pressure of the permeate discharged to the side, thereby preventing damage to the membrane. The flushing process is continued until the liquid on the concentration side discharged through the automatic valve 10 is completely replaced with fresh water. After confirming that the fluid discharged through the automatic valve 10 is fresh water, the operation of the pump 2 and the motor 3a is stopped, the pressure in the system is released to the atmospheric pressure, and then the automatic valve 7 is closed. The automatic valve 9 is closed.
【００２５】（４）膜の洗浄時 あらかじめ上記（３）の工程に従ってフラッシングを行
い、圧力容器３内の濃縮側の液を清水に置換しておく。 洗浄液を循環させるため、自動バルブ８、１０を閉
じ、自動バルブ１１、１２、１３を開く。 自動バルブ１５を開いて洗浄タンク４に清水を導入
し、定量ポンプ２３により所定量の薬液を洗浄液タンク
４に注入する。なお、洗浄液を昇温させる場合は、電気
ヒータや蒸気を用いて加温するのが好ましい。 自動バルブ９を開き、数秒後に自動バルブ７を開
き、圧力容器３から透過液側に逆圧がかかるのを防ぐ。(4) At the time of membrane cleaning Flushing is performed in advance according to the above-mentioned step (3), and the liquid on the concentration side in the pressure vessel 3 is replaced with fresh water. To circulate the cleaning liquid, the automatic valves 8, 10 are closed, and the automatic valves 11, 12, 13 are opened. The automatic valve 15 is opened, fresh water is introduced into the cleaning tank 4, and a predetermined amount of a chemical is injected into the cleaning liquid tank 4 by the metering pump 23. When the temperature of the cleaning liquid is increased, it is preferable to heat the cleaning liquid using an electric heater or steam. The automatic valve 9 is opened, and after a few seconds, the automatic valve 7 is opened to prevent a reverse pressure from being applied from the pressure vessel 3 to the permeate side.
【００２６】 自動バルブ６を開いてポンプ２を起動
させる。 手動バルブ１９の開度を調節して圧力容器３から排
出される濃縮側の液の圧力を２〜３ｋｇ／ｃｍ2 に調整
し、且つその圧力が自動バルブ７側に排出される透過液
の圧力を上回るようにして、圧力容器３内の透過性膜を
振動させつつ膜の洗浄を行う。 なお、洗浄で使用する薬液、洗浄条件（圧力、温度）、
洗浄経路等については、膜の種類、材質、濾過された処
理対象液の性状等に応じて、事前に詳細な検討を行った
上で行うのが好ましい。The automatic valve 6 is opened to start the pump 2. The opening degree of the manual valve 19 is adjusted to adjust the pressure of the concentrated liquid discharged from the pressure vessel 3 to 2 to 3 kg / cm 2 , and the pressure is adjusted to the pressure of the permeated liquid discharged to the automatic valve 7 side. Is performed while the permeable membrane in the pressure vessel 3 is vibrated. The chemical used for cleaning, cleaning conditions (pressure, temperature),
It is preferable to conduct a detailed examination in advance in accordance with the type and material of the membrane, the properties of the filtered liquid to be treated, and the like, for the cleaning route and the like.
【００２７】以下の表１には、製紙排水の濃縮液で使用
した膜モジュールを、上記したような方法で清水により
フラッシングを行った場合の透過流束の変化を示す。透
過流束は膜モジュールの平均値であり、水道水での透過
流束を示し、水温は約２０℃である。モータ負荷とは、
圧力容器３内の透過性膜を振動させるためのモータ３ａ
の消費電流から求めた負荷を示し、モータ負荷１００％
はモータ３ａの所定の容量（ｋＶＡ）を示す。モータ負
荷の数値が大きいほど、膜モジュールの重量が増加して
いること、すなわち、微小懸濁物質により膜の目詰まり
や流路の閉塞が起こっていることを表す。なお、透過液
側の圧力は５〜１０ｐｓｉであった。Table 1 below shows the change in permeation flux when the membrane module used with the concentrated liquid of papermaking wastewater is flushed with fresh water by the above-described method. The permeation flux is the average value of the membrane module, indicates the permeation flux in tap water, and the water temperature is about 20 ° C. What is motor load?
Motor 3a for vibrating the permeable membrane in pressure vessel 3
Indicates the load obtained from the current consumption of the motor, and the motor load is 100%
Indicates a predetermined capacity (kVA) of the motor 3a. The larger the value of the motor load, the greater the weight of the membrane module, that is, the fact that the fine suspended substance causes clogging of the membrane and blockage of the flow channel. The pressure on the permeate side was 5 to 10 psi.
【００２８】[0028]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００２９】表１に明らかなように、フラッシングを行
うことにより、透過流束が向上しており、フラッシング
による洗浄効果が大きいことが分かる。また、透過性膜
を振動させることにより、透過流束が大幅に向上してお
り、振動により膜の洗浄効果が著しく高められることが
分かる。また、フラッシングを行い、さらに膜を振動さ
せることにより、モータ負荷は減少しており、透過液の
流路または膜の微小孔を閉塞している微小懸濁物質が効
率よく除去されたものと思われる。また、洗浄後に透過
性膜を観察したが、膜の損傷は見られなかった。As is clear from Table 1, it can be seen that the permeation flux is improved by performing the flushing, and the cleaning effect by the flushing is large. In addition, it can be seen that the permeation flux is greatly improved by vibrating the permeable membrane, and the vibration greatly enhances the cleaning effect of the membrane. In addition, by performing flushing and further oscillating the membrane, the motor load was reduced, and it is thought that the micro-suspended substances blocking the micropores of the permeate flow path or the membrane were efficiently removed. It is. After the washing, the permeable membrane was observed, but no damage was found on the membrane.
【００３０】[0030]
【発明の効果】本発明は上記のとおり構成されているの
で、透過性膜を損傷することなく、膜の洗浄を行うこと
ができる。このため、損傷箇所を通じて本来透過される
べきでない成分が一方側から他方側へと移行してしまう
ことがなく、適切な透過処理を維持することができる。
また、損傷により圧力容器を取り替える必要が生じるこ
とがないので、長期間にわたって圧力容器を使用し続け
ることができ、圧力容器の取り替えに伴う多大な出費を
避けることができる。According to the present invention, as described above, the membrane can be washed without damaging the permeable membrane. For this reason, components that should not be transmitted through the damaged portion do not shift from one side to the other side, and appropriate transmission processing can be maintained.
Further, since there is no need to replace the pressure vessel due to damage, it is possible to continue using the pressure vessel for a long period of time, and it is possible to avoid a large expense associated with the replacement of the pressure vessel.
【００３１】また、請求項２記載の発明のように、膜を
振動させることにより、膜全体に洗浄液が容易且つ均一
に行き届くため、膜の洗浄が効果的に行われ、透過流束
を大幅に回復することができる。Further, as in the second aspect of the present invention, by vibrating the membrane, the cleaning liquid is easily and uniformly distributed over the entire membrane, so that the membrane is effectively cleaned and the permeation flux is greatly reduced. You can recover.
【図１】本発明の膜洗浄方法を適用するに好適である振
動型膜分離装置の経路図である。FIG. 1 is a path diagram of a vibration type membrane separation apparatus suitable for applying a membrane cleaning method of the present invention.
【図２】図１の振動型膜分離装置に使用する圧力容器内
に配置した透過性膜の一部を拡大して示す断面図であ
る。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an enlarged part of a permeable membrane disposed in a pressure vessel used in the vibration type membrane separation device of FIG.
【図３】図１の振動型膜分離装置に使用する圧力容器の
一部を示す断面図である。FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of a pressure vessel used in the vibration type membrane separation device of FIG.
【図４】従来の膜分離装置の経路図である。FIG. 4 is a path diagram of a conventional membrane separation device.
【図５】振動型膜分離装置による透過処理の概念を示す
図である。FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a concept of a permeation process by a vibrating membrane separation device.
【図６】透過性膜を透過する透過液と透過しないものか
らなる濃縮側の液との圧力関係を説明する図である。FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a pressure relationship between a permeated liquid passing through a permeable membrane and a liquid on the concentration side composed of a non-permeable liquid.
１…原液タンク ２…ポンプ ３…圧力容器 ４…洗浄液タンク ３１…透過性膜 ３２…ドレインクロス ３３…金属板 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Undiluted liquid tank 2 ... Pump 3 ... Pressure vessel 4 ... Cleaning liquid tank 31 ... Permeable membrane 32 ... Drain cloth 33 ... Metal plate
Claims (2)
過性膜と該透過性膜を支持する支持板との間に水平方向
に流路を形成し、且つ上記圧力容器に透過液の排出流路
を形成し、上記圧力容器の処理対象液入口に加圧状態の
洗浄液を供給し、洗浄液中の透過成分を透過性膜を透過
させてこの透過液を上記水平方向の流路から排出流路を
経て圧力容器の透過液の出口から外部に取り出し、透過
性膜を透過しないものからなる濃縮側の液を圧力容器の
濃縮液の出口から外部に取り出す膜分離装置の膜の洗浄
方法において、圧力容器から取り出される濃縮側の液の
圧力が上記水平方向の流路内の透過液の圧力よりも高く
なるように調整しつつ透過性膜の洗浄を行うことを特徴
とする膜分離装置の膜の洗浄方法。1. A permeable membrane is disposed in a pressure vessel, a flow path is formed in a horizontal direction between the permeable membrane and a support plate supporting the permeable membrane, and a permeable liquid is provided in the pressure vessel. Forming a discharge flow path, supplying a cleaning liquid in a pressurized state to a liquid inlet to be processed of the pressure vessel, allowing a permeated component in the cleaning liquid to pass through a permeable membrane, and passing the permeated liquid through the horizontal flow path. A method for cleaning a membrane of a membrane separation device, in which a liquid on the concentration side, which is taken out from an outlet of a permeated liquid of a pressure vessel through a discharge flow path and does not pass through a permeable membrane, is taken out of the pressure vessel through an outlet of the concentrated liquid, In the membrane separation apparatus, the permeable membrane is washed while the pressure of the liquid on the concentration side taken out of the pressure vessel is adjusted to be higher than the pressure of the permeated liquid in the horizontal flow path. Cleaning method of the membrane.
を振動させつつその透過性膜の洗浄を行うことを特徴と
する請求項１記載の膜分離装置の膜の洗浄方法。2. The method for cleaning a membrane of a membrane separation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the permeable membrane is capable of vibrating, and the permeable membrane is cleaned while vibrating the permeable membrane.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11720698A JPH11300178A (en) | 1998-04-27 | 1998-04-27 | Method for cleaning membrane of membrane separator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11720698A JPH11300178A (en) | 1998-04-27 | 1998-04-27 | Method for cleaning membrane of membrane separator |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH11300178A true JPH11300178A (en) | 1999-11-02 |
Family
ID=14706025
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11720698A Withdrawn JPH11300178A (en) | 1998-04-27 | 1998-04-27 | Method for cleaning membrane of membrane separator |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH11300178A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013043147A (en) * | 2011-08-25 | 2013-03-04 | Miura Co Ltd | Reverse osmosis membrane separation apparatus |
| WO2021111200A1 (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2021-06-10 | Filter Art Ltd. | Filter assembly employing cloth filter layer for use in self-cleaning filter |
-
1998
- 1998-04-27 JP JP11720698A patent/JPH11300178A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013043147A (en) * | 2011-08-25 | 2013-03-04 | Miura Co Ltd | Reverse osmosis membrane separation apparatus |
| WO2021111200A1 (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2021-06-10 | Filter Art Ltd. | Filter assembly employing cloth filter layer for use in self-cleaning filter |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP2860191B2 (en) | Method of changing operation mode in automatic water filtration device | |
| JP2003266072A (en) | Membrane filtration method | |
| JP3598912B2 (en) | Operation method of membrane separator | |
| JP2005193091A (en) | Water purifying device and its control method | |
| JPH11300178A (en) | Method for cleaning membrane of membrane separator | |
| JP3943748B2 (en) | Cleaning method for membrane filtration equipment | |
| JP3659833B2 (en) | Operation method of multi-stage submerged membrane separator | |
| JP4454922B2 (en) | Control method of filtration apparatus using hollow fiber type separation membrane | |
| JP3333086B2 (en) | Water treatment equipment | |
| JPH022895A (en) | Waste water treating device | |
| JPH04225805A (en) | Method for solid-liquid separation and apparatus therefor | |
| JP2007111576A (en) | Back-washing method of membrane module | |
| JP2004130205A (en) | Method and apparatus for backwashing filter membrane with ozone-containing water | |
| JPH11128702A (en) | Membrane separation method and membrane separation apparatus for method thereof | |
| JP2001259374A (en) | Method for operating membrane separator | |
| JPH10277372A (en) | Membrane filter | |
| JP2000210540A (en) | Membrane filter apparatus | |
| JPH1190190A (en) | Filter and its washing method | |
| JP4731661B2 (en) | Water treatment apparatus and operation method thereof | |
| JPH0852329A (en) | Backwashing of membrane separator having internal pressure type tubular membrane module | |
| JP3353663B2 (en) | Oil removal equipment | |
| JPH10225684A (en) | Water purification device by ozone | |
| JPH11123320A (en) | Membrane separation device | |
| JPH0380921A (en) | Driving method of membrane filtration apparatus | |
| JPH0975936A (en) | Operation method of membrane separation device |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A300 | Withdrawal of application because of no request for examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A300 Effective date: 20050705 |