JPH11290823A - Method and apparatus for treating waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To utilize a substance remaining after the treatment of waste as resources without leaving a harmful substance. SOLUTION: The waste dried in a drying tank 2 is thermally decomposed into a hydrocarbon mixture in a decomposition tank 1 in an oxygen-free state without being burned by using the decomposed gas of the waste itself reheated in a decomposing gas reheating tank 3. This hydrocarbon-containing decomposed gas is fractionated into reutilizable compds. The decomposition gas generated in the decomposition tank by the decomposition of waste is reheated in a decomposed gas reheating tank 3 and this reheated gas is again introduced into the decomposition tank 1 to be used in the thermal decomposition of the waste. In a decomposed gas reheating tank 3, the decomposed gas is heated by the heat obtained by burning hydrocarbon obtained by fractionating the decomposed gas. The gas generated by burning the hydrocarbon is guided to the drying tank 2 to dry the waste. The gas is discharged to the atmosphere through a carbon dioxide/malodor absorption tower 5.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a waste treatment method and a waste treatment device, and more particularly to a waste treatment method and a waste treatment device capable of preventing carbon dioxide and harmful substances from being released into the atmosphere.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art At present, in the treatment of wastes, harmful gases such as carbon dioxide and dioxin are released into the atmosphere in order to incinerate burning refuse. Therefore, incinerators that completely burn at 800 ° C. or higher have been increased in size to prevent dioxin emission. Due to the size of the equipment, the required costs are increasing. Non-burnable garbage is shredded and disposed of at the final disposal site, but each municipality is struggling to secure landfills, and conflicts between each municipality and local residents are continual.

The problem is even more acute for industrial waste. That is, the industrial waste to be landfilled at the final disposal site is ash after burning incineration garbage, shredded non-burnable garbage, construction waste, and the like. Such industrial waste is cut open in mountainous areas, carried on a thick rubber plate, and landfilled. Such final disposal waste contains many toxic substances and dangerous substances such as organic substances and inorganic substances. Industrial waste is landfilled at large-scale final disposal sites such as the wide-area waste disposal site at Futatsuka, Hinodemachi in Tokyo.

[0004]

In the natural world, it is understood that plants take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, draw up water from the roots, and synthesize plant fibers and the like by the action of chlorophyll and sunlight. In more detail, only plants on the earth absorb atoms and molecular substances such as carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus to synthesize fibrous substances, sugars, proteins, fats, and many other substances. . However, this effect
It is more appropriate to consider this as a substance synthesis function using the energy of the ATP (adenosine-3-phosphate) cycle rather than carbon assimilation. This can be explained, for example, from the fact that mushrooms are plants that do not have chlorophyll, but make fibers, polysaccharides, and proteins, and sprouts grow without sunlight. All wastes based on plants and animals that depend on the plant's material synthesis function fall into the category of burning garbage. In the present specification, these substances are referred to as “natural products”.

On the other hand, artificial polymer substances called plastics have a large number of monomers having a double bond or a functional group in the molecule, or are polymerized by dehydration from a molecule having an organic acid and a hydroxyl group. A polymeric substance (eg polyester)
Does not corrode by bacteria. In recent years, a large amount of such synthetic products have been used for daily necessities (clothing, packaging materials, furniture, audio equipment, housings of personal computers, and the like), and their waste is called non-burnable garbage. These wastes are referred to herein as "synthetic products."

[0006] Generally, many substances accumulate in soil and are not always harmless. For example, when arsenic, mercury, tetravalent manganese, hexavalent chromium, etc. derived from pesticides are contained in trace amounts, or when they are contaminated with environmental hormone pollutants that are currently regarded as a problem, organically grown agricultural compost can It may be contaminated.

[0007] Further, in the waste, metal such as aluminum cans, steel cans, and canned empty cans, processed packaging materials obtained by depositing aluminum on paper or plastic, and circuit boards and wiring parts of various electric equipment are made of copper. And plastic is the main material. Such metals and coexisting substances are referred to as “metals”. In addition, porcelain products used for bottles, dishes, etc. are also mixed into waste,
In this specification, it is included in "metals".

[0008] In recent years, plastics have been improved and are deeply involved in daily life. For moisture-proof packaging and bags, etc.
Like paper, chlorine resins such as vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride are directly copolymerized or mixed and used to provide moisture resistance, weather resistance, dyeing resistance, and flame resistance.

For example, in a polyvinyl chloride thin film used for preserving food, vinylidene chloride, tetrafluoroethylene or the like is used as a copolymer in order to improve quality. After use, it is mixed with combustibles and incinerated, causing chlorine and fluorine to be released into the atmosphere. In addition, each one such as candy and dried sweets is wrapped in plastic made of polyvinyl chloride. Fluorine and bromine also surround the body. These plastics are mixed with combustibles after use and incinerated, decompose quickly and cause dioxin formation.

[0010] Halogen elements such as chlorine, fluorine and bromine are contained in synthetic textiles. For example, acrylic fiber, which is a polymer of acrylonitrile, does not have any dyeing properties, but by copolymerizing vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride, dyeing properties are improved, and durability and flame resistance are also improved. Therefore, the marketability of the acrylic fiber as a modified fiber is significantly increased by copolymerizing vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride. However, on the other hand, burning such modified fibers releases a large amount of chlorine.

ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer resin) used for the housing of acoustic instruments and personal computers is widely used due to its high mechanical strength. However, since ABS has low fire resistance, co-products of chlorine-based resin are often used in recent years and cause chlorine release. In addition to the above, very many plastic products are converted to halogen-containing resins. Originally, it is desired that the dioxin problem be solved by restricting the use of plastics.

In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for treating industrial waste in which no harmful substance remains and the substance remaining after waste treatment can be reused as a resource. That is, the present invention provides a waste treatment method and a waste treatment device that leave only earth and sand and gas that do not contain harmful substances.

Another object of the present invention is to deal with most wastes discarded from homes, schools, various business establishments, factories, etc.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of treating waste without separating burnable garbage, non-burnable garbage, and metals such as aluminum cans and steel cans.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide an industrial waste treatment for producing a recyclable compound without producing harmful substances, and to provide an apparatus having a treatment capacity corresponding to the discharge amount. .

[0015]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for treating waste containing plastics, metals including aluminum and iron, and natural products, comprising: The waste dried in the above, using the cracked gas of the waste itself reheated in the cracked gas reheating tank, in an oxygen-free state in the cracking tank, without burning, carbon, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, A low temperature pyrolysis to a mixture of hydrocarbons containing oxygen and the like, and a cracked gas containing the hydrocarbons and the like is fractionated into a reusable compound by utilizing a difference in boiling points. The cracked gas generated by decomposing the waste in the cracking tank is reheated in the cracked gas reheating tank by burning the hydrocarbon gas obtained by fractionating the cracked gas to separate the cracked gas. Stay After drying the waste by the hydrocarbon is combusted heat, is solved by decomposing waste using the reheating gas.

Further, air pollutants are removed from the gas after drying the waste by heat generated by burning the hydrocarbon obtained by fractionating the cracked gas, and the gas from which the air pollutants have been removed is removed from the atmosphere. It is preferable to discharge the liquid to the outside.

Further, after the waste is decomposed by using the reheating gas, a decomposition gas generated by decomposition of the waste may be introduced into the reheating tank.

[0018] Further, waste having a predetermined volume or less is put into the drying tank, and the waste is dried in the drying tank. Then, all the dried waste is transferred to the decomposition tank and sealed therein. The drying tank may be configured to thermally decompose the dried waste.

[0019] It is also possible that the amount of dried waste corresponding to the capacity of one or more drying tanks is thermally decomposed in the decomposition tank.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for treating waste containing plastics, metals including aluminum and iron, and natural products.
The waste dried in the drying tank, using the decomposition gas of the waste itself reheated in the decomposition gas reheating tank, in an oxygen-free state in the decomposition tank, without burning, carbon,
Saturated / unsaturated hydrocarbons, pyrolyzed at low temperature to a mixture of hydrocarbons containing oxygen, etc., and cracked gas containing the hydrocarbons, etc.,
What is claimed is: 1. A waste treatment method for fractionating a reusable compound by utilizing a difference in boiling points, wherein a decomposition gas generated by decomposing waste in the decomposition tank is obtained by fractionating the decomposition gas. After reheating in the cracked gas reheating tank by burning the hydrocarbon gas, and drying the waste by heat generated by burning the hydrocarbon obtained by fractionating the cracked gas, the reheated gas is heated. It is solved by decomposing the waste.

Further, air pollutants are removed from the gas after drying the waste by heat generated by burning hydrocarbons obtained by fractionating the cracked gas. It can also be configured to discharge into.

Further, it is possible that the waste is decomposed by using the reheating gas, and then the decomposition gas generated by the decomposition of the waste is introduced into the reheating tank.

Further, the waste flows into the drying tank, and the waste is dried in the drying tank. The dried waste is sequentially flowed into the decomposition tank and dried in the decomposition tank. The waste may be pyrolyzed, and the drying and pyrolysis steps may be performed simultaneously and continuously.

According to the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for treating waste containing plastics, metals including aluminum and iron, and natural products.
Independently, a drying tank for drying the waste, a cracking tank for thermally decomposing the dried waste, and a heat generated by burning hydrocarbons obtained by fractionating cracked gas generated in the cracking tank. A cracked gas reheating tank for reheating the cracked gas, and an air pollutant for removing air pollutants from the gas after drying the waste by heat generated by burning hydrocarbons obtained by fractionating the cracked gas. A removing device and a hydrocarbon separation mechanism for fractionating the cracked gas are provided, and the drying tank and the cracking tank can be filled with waste of a predetermined volume or less, and the waste is dried in the drying tank. Thereafter, the problem is solved by transferring all of the dried waste to the decomposition tank and performing thermal decomposition of the dried waste in the decomposition tank.

Further, the drying tank may have two or more tanks, and each drying tank may be configured to charge the dried waste into the decomposition tank at a different timing.

Further, it is possible to form a means for stirring at least one waste on the inner wall surface of the drying tank and for tearing the bag when there is a bag in the waste. .

According to the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for treating waste containing plastics, metals including aluminum and iron, and natural products,
A drying tank for drying the waste, a cracking tank for thermally decomposing the dried waste, and a cracking gas generated by the distillation of the cracked gas generated in the cracking tank. A cracked gas reheating tank for reheating, and an air pollutant removing device for removing air pollutants from a gas after drying waste by heat generated by burning hydrocarbons obtained by fractionating the cracked gas, A hydrocarbon separation mechanism for fractionating the cracked gas, wherein the waste flows into the drying tank, the waste is dried in the drying tank, and the dried waste is sequentially flowed into the cracking tank. This is solved by performing pyrolysis of the dried waste in the decomposition tank and performing the drying and pyrolysis steps simultaneously and continuously.

It is preferable that a means for preventing the gas in the drying tank from mixing with the gas in the decomposition tank is provided.

Further, the drying tank may be configured such that at least one waste is stirred on the inner wall surface of the drying tank and a means for tearing the bag when there is a bag in the waste is formed. .

Further, at least one stirring means may be arranged on the inner wall surface of the decomposition tank.

[0031]

(Embodiment 1) An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The members, arrangements, and the like described below do not limit the present invention, and can be variously modified within the scope of the present invention.

In this embodiment, a batch system processing apparatus is provided as a waste processing apparatus. The batch system processing apparatus is suitable for an area where the amount of discharged waste is small, such as an area where towns and villages are low in density of houses, areas where houses and housing complexes are scattered, and the like. The gas released from the device is released to the atmosphere after passing through a carbon dioxide / odor absorbing facility. In order not to destroy the environment, care is taken not to release carbon dioxide and odor.

FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show a batch system processing apparatus according to the present embodiment. The apparatus of this example has a cracking tank 1, a drying tank 2, a cracked gas reheating tank 3, a hydrocarbon fractionating tower 4, and a carbon dioxide / odor absorbing tower 5 as main components. The decomposition tank 1 of this example is a cylindrical vessel having a diameter of 5 m and a height of 5 m, and is constituted by a container having an internal volume of about 100 m ³ .

In the decomposition tank 1 of this embodiment, the dried waste dried in the drying tank 2 is thermally decomposed in a state where oxygen is not supplied.
The decomposition gas heated in the decomposition gas reheating tank 3 is blown into the decomposition tank 1 from the bottom by the blower 6 to decompose the dried waste. One volume of the decomposition tank is twice as large as the capacity of the drying tank. still,
The ratio of the volumes of the decomposition tank 1 and the drying tank 2 is not limited to such a value.

As shown in FIG. 1, a lid 15 which can be opened and closed is provided at the head of the decomposition tank 1, and the lid is opened to supply dried waste.

A cracking gas guide pipe 8 having a diameter of 1 m is attached to the upper part of the cracking tank 1 and connected to the hydrocarbon fractionating tower 4. Decomposition tank 1
Is guided to the hydrocarbon fractionating tower 4 through the cracking gas guide pipe 8, and is fractionated in the fractionating tower 4 into hydrocarbon compounds that can be reused.

The drying tank 2 of this example is a cylindrical container having a diameter of 2 m and a height of 4 m, and is composed of a container having an internal volume of about 12.5 m ³ and has a processing capacity for two to three garbage trucks. The drying tank 2 is a rotary drum about the axis AA.

As shown in FIG. 1, on the inner side surface of the drying tank 2,
Long and short hooks 2x, 2y, which are means for stirring the waste and tearing the bag, are alternately attached. When the content waste rotates and moves on the inclined surface while falling, the hooks 2x and 2y tear the plastic bag to expose the wet garbage stored in the bag. Such hooks 2x, 2y
By providing, the waste can be dried uniformly and quickly.

In this embodiment, the long and short hooks 2x and 2y are provided. However, one or more hooks having one kind of length are provided.
Of course, it is also possible to provide a plurality of hooks having a length longer than the type.

A heating combustion gas inlet 9 is provided at the bottom of the drying tank 2, and a heating combustion gas is introduced into the drying tank 2 from the reheating tank 3. By introducing such heated combustion gas,
By circulating the air in the drying tank 2 and raising the temperature, the moisture in the waste can be evaporated. The heated combustion gas is a gas generated by burning the oxygen-containing hydrocarbon generated from the cracked gas in the hydrocarbon separation step in the cracked gas reheating tank 3.

In this example, a heated combustion gas exhaust port 1 is provided above the drying tank 2.
0 is provided, and the gas generated in the drying tank 2 from the heated combustion gas exhaust port 10 is introduced into the carbon dioxide / odor absorption tower 5. The carbon dioxide / odor absorption tower 5 absorbs carbon dioxide and odor contained in the gas generated in the drying tank 2,
From the absorption tower 5, only exhaust gas containing no carbon dioxide and no odor is emitted.

In the carbon dioxide / odor absorbing tower 5, a lime latex, a soda ash latex or the like can be used as a carbon dioxide absorbent. Calcium carbonate and sodium carbonate generated by absorbing carbon dioxide can be separately and industrially reused. By absorbing carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide / odor absorption tower 5, it is possible to prevent carbon dioxide, which causes global warming, from being discharged into the air.

As the deodorant, the decomposition tank 1 after thermal decomposition is used.
Can be used. In this way, by using carbon as a decomposition product as a deodorant, it is possible to prevent the living environment of residents from being disturbed and to emit odors that destroy the environment into the atmosphere, and to reuse waste. be able to.

The lid 16 of the drying tank 2 in this embodiment is attached so as to be freely opened and closed. The lid 16 is opened and the dried waste is put into the decomposition tank 1.

As shown in FIG. 2, the drying tank 2 of this embodiment is provided with two tanks, and the steps of storing, drying, and supplying the dried waste are alternately performed between the two tanks. Hereinafter, one of the two tanks will be described.

In the one tank, waste is stored and dried at a position 2a shown in FIG. After the waste accommodating and drying steps are completed, the tank is moved to the central position 2b in FIG. At the position 2b, the dried waste in the tank is put into the decomposition tank 1, and when the charging is completed, the tank is returned to the position 2a again. Thereafter, waste storage and drying are performed again at the position 2a.

The two tanks are subjected to the step of charging the dried waste at different timings. As described above, by alternately performing the drying waste charging steps of the two tanks, the time of the waste drying step can be saved as a whole.

The number of times of operation of the drying tank 2 is the sum of the time required for the drying step in the drying tank 2, the time required for the decomposition step in the decomposition tank 1, and the time for taking out the decomposed product (for example, it is assumed to be about 2 hours once). Calculated from the relationship with

In this embodiment, the case where two drying tanks 2 are provided has been proposed, but it is of course possible to provide one drying tank 2 or three or more drying tanks. Decomposition tank 1 and drying tank 2
The number of drying tanks 2 can be changed according to the ratio of the capacity of the drying tank 2 to the capacity of the drying tank 2. The ratio of the capacity of the decomposition tank 1 to the drying tank 2 and the number of the drying tanks 2 can be changed according to the location conditions such as the size of the place where the waste treatment batch system is constructed.

The decomposition gas reheating tank 3 of this embodiment uses a combustion type heater and has the same design as a well-known multi-tube vertical heat exchanger. A part of the cracked gas generated in the cracking tank 1 is introduced into the inner pipe 3a of the cracked gas reheating tank 3 through the cracked gas introduction pipe 11 and reheated, and the temperature of the gas is set to 180 ° C to 400 ° C.
To The reheated pyrolysis gas is blown into the bottom of the decomposition tank 1 again by the blower 6.

On the barrel side of the cracked gas reheating tank 3, oxygen-containing hydrocarbons (methanol, ethanol,
The oxygen-containing hydrocarbon obtained through a hydrocarbon introduction pipe 13 from a storage tank such as acetone is fed together with air in an amount necessary for complete combustion, and is completely burned by a burner 12 installed in a lower part of the tank. Due to the heat, the decomposition gas passage inner pipe 3a
The cracked gas passing through is heated. By adjusting the combustion temperature of the burner 12, the temperature inside the decomposition tank 1 and the drying tank 2 can be adjusted to a predetermined temperature.

The barrel side of the cracked gas reheating tank 3 is the only part that produces carbon dioxide in the process of the batch system in this example. However, the combustion gas (flue gas) generated on the trunk side of the decomposition gas reheating tank 3 is introduced into the drying tank 2, and after drying the wet waste in the drying tank 2, the carbon dioxide / odor absorbing tower 5 is dried.
Carbon dioxide is not released into the atmosphere.

The main stream of the cracked gas discharged from the cracking tank 1 is introduced into the fractionating fractionation tower 4 through the cracked gas guide pipe 8. The cracked gas is separated into industrially recyclable compounds in the hydrocarbon separation system as shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 4, the hydrocarbon separation system of this embodiment comprises a hydrocarbon fractionation section 92, an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon fractionation section 93, a saturated / unsaturated hydrocarbon fractionation tower 96, The exchangers 98 and 99, the carbon black production dome 101, and each storage tank are the main components. The cracked gas introduced from the cracked gas inlet 91 is a hydrocarbon (hereinafter, unless otherwise specified, excluding an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon),
The hydrocarbon separation system contains oxygen-containing hydrocarbons, halide vapors of aluminum chloride, iron chloride and other various elements generated in the cracking tank, and the hydrocarbon separation system of this example is a system for separating these compounds.

As the hydrocarbon fractionating section 92 in this example, a commonly used stage column is used. A packed tower may be used. In the hydrocarbon fractionating section 92, the cracked gas introduced from the cracked gas inlet 91 is cooled, and the hydrocarbon and the oxygen-containing hydrocarbon are separated based on the difference in boiling point. This is because hydrocarbons are compounds having a lower boiling point than oxygen-containing hydrocarbons.

From Tables 1 and 2 shown below, when the number of moles of gas generated by decomposition of natural products and synthetic products and the expansion of the gas due to temperature are taken into account, the volume of decomposition gas generated per unit time is as follows. It reaches about 10 times the waste disposal volume per unit time of the decomposition tank 1. The hydrocarbon fractionation section 92
Is set to such an extent that the decomposition gas of such a volume can be processed.

As the oxygen-containing hydrocarbon fractionating section 93 of this example, a commonly used column tower similar to the hydrocarbon fractionating section 92 is used. A packed tower may be used. In the oxygen-containing hydrocarbon fractionating section 93, the oxygen-containing hydrocarbon fractionated in the hydrocarbon fractionating section 92 is further fractionated.

The methanol, acetone and the like condensed in the hydrocarbon fractionation section 92 flow down to the oxygen-containing hydrocarbon fractionation section 93,
After fractionation, the low-boiling compounds are stored in a methanol tank 103 via a heat exchanger 102, and the high-boiling compounds are stored in an acetone / acetic acid tank 105. The oxygen-containing hydrocarbon mainly containing methanol and acetone is used for reheating the cracked gas, and if there is any residue, it can be used for the operation of the power supply generator required for all plants.

The hydrocarbons having a boiling point not higher than the cooling temperature of the hydrocarbon fractionation section 92 are temporarily stored in a hydrocarbon storage tank 94 and then compressed by the compressor 100 to produce a saturated / unsaturated hydrocarbon fractionation tower 96. Sent to

As the saturated / unsaturated hydrocarbon fractionating column 96, a commonly used pressurized precision column is used. A pressurized precision packed tower may be used. In the saturated / unsaturated hydrocarbon fractionation tower 96, hydrocarbons are precision fractionated under pressure. From the top of the fractionation tower, methane, ethane,
A saturated hydrocarbon storage tank 9 such as propane
7 Unsaturated hydrocarbons and the like are stored in unsaturated hydrocarbon storage tanks 95 and 104 via reduced-pressure heat exchangers 98 and 99 according to the respective fractions. If necessary, a polymerization inhibitor is added to prevent polymerization of the hydrocarbon.

The unsaturated hydrocarbons stored in the unsaturated hydrocarbon storage tank 95 are supplied to the carbon black manufacturing dome 10.
1 and incomplete combustion in the dome to produce carbon black. This is because unsaturated hydrocarbons contain less hydrogen than saturated hydrocarbons, so that carbon can be extracted by removing hydrogen as water. carbon·
The black manufacturing dome 101 is replenished with oxygen necessary for hydrogen combustion from the atmosphere, where unsaturated hydrocarbons are incompletely burned.

The mixture of the saturated hydrocarbon and the unsaturated hydrocarbon stored in the hydrocarbon storage tank 94 may be sent to the carbon black production dome 101 to produce carbon black.

Among the hydrocarbons, benzene, toluene, styrene and the like having a relatively high boiling point are liquefied in the hydrocarbon fractionating section 92 and mixed in ethanol, acetone and the like in the oxygen-containing hydrocarbon fractionating section 93. Since the amount of benzene, toluene, styrene, etc. to be mixed is small, further purification is performed as necessary.

(Embodiment 2) In this embodiment, a continuous system processing apparatus is provided as a waste processing apparatus. The continuous system is a rotary kiln system, which continuously supplies waste, decomposes waste, and carries out the decomposition products. Since the operation is continuous, it is suitable for waste disposal in large cities.
Location conditions should be selected in the suburbs near the metropolitan area, considering the size of the building that can be built and the convenience of transportation for waste collection. Performs automatic control so that all processes can be operated automatically.

FIG. 3 shows a continuous system of the present embodiment, which comprises a cracking tank 1, a drying tank 2, a cracked gas reheating tank 3, a hydrocarbon fractionating tower 4, a carbon dioxide The odor absorbing tower 5 is a main component.

The waste collected and transported to a waste disposal site by truck or the like is fed into a fan-shaped plate-like supply unit 44.
The supply section 44 has a fan shape with a reduced width on the drying tank 2 side. A waste supply conveyor 43 is provided below the supply section 44.
Are provided, and a supply blade 44 a having a diameter of about 2 m provided in the supply unit 44 pushes the waste onto the waste supply conveyor 43. The supplied waste is introduced into the drying tank 2 by the supply conveyor 43.

The drying tank 2 of the present embodiment is a cylindrical container having an outer diameter of 2 m and a length of 5 m, and a drying rotator 42 of a meshed cylindrical shape is accommodated in the drying tank 2. In the drying step, the rotating body 42 rotates to dry the waste while rolling it.

A drying tank rotating body 42 is accommodated inside the drying tank 2. The rotation of the rotator 42 is controlled by a drying tank rotator rotation system 51, and the rotation speed is adjusted by a rotation drive power and a gear system using a gear to control the power of the motor.

That is, a worm gear is axially mounted on the output side of the motor, and a meshing gear is provided on the outer periphery of the disassembling tank rotating body 42. A plurality of such rotational drive power and gear systems are provided at the center portion and both ends of the drying tank rotating body 42, and these motors are synchronized by control means (not shown). As described above, by providing a plurality of the rotary drive power and the gear system, the drying tank rotating body 42 for processing a large amount of waste is provided.
Can be supported.

As shown in FIG. 4, two long and short hooks 61a and 61b are randomly attached to the inner wall of the rotating body 42 in this example, and when the content waste rotates and falls on an inclined surface while rotating. The hooks 61a and 61b cut open the plastic bag and expose the wet garbage stored in the plastic bag. By providing the hooks 61a and 61b, the waste can be dried uniformly and quickly.

A heating combustion gas inlet 9 for introducing a heating combustion gas from the reheating tank 3 is provided at the bottom of the drying tank 2, and the heating combustion gas is introduced into the drying tank 2. Although not shown, the reheating tank 3 uses the same device as that used in the first embodiment, and is connected to the heated combustion gas inlet 9 by piping. By introducing the heated combustion gas to circulate the air in the drying tank 2 and raise the temperature to a high temperature, moisture in the waste is evaporated. The heated combustion gas is a gas generated by burning the oxygen-containing hydrocarbon generated from the cracked gas in the hydrocarbon separation step in the cracked gas reheating tank 3.

In this example, a heated combustion gas exhaust port 1 was provided above the drying tank 2.
0 is provided, and gas generated in the drying tank 2 is introduced into the carbon dioxide / odor absorbing tower 5 from the heated combustion gas exhaust port 10. The carbon dioxide / odor absorbing tower 5 absorbs carbon dioxide and odor from the gas generated in the drying tank 2 and emits only exhaust gas containing no carbon dioxide and odor from the absorbing tower 5.

By providing the carbon dioxide / odor absorbing tower 5, it is possible to prevent carbon dioxide, which causes global warming, from being discharged into the air. Further, it is possible to prevent the odorous gas which disturbs the living environment of the residents and harms the health of the residents from being discharged into the air.

The decomposition tank 1 of this example has an outer diameter of 2 m and a length of 15 m
Cylindrical shape. The gas reheated in the decomposition gas reheating tank 3 is introduced into the decomposition tank 1 from the reheating gas inlet 45 and is used for decomposing the dried waste, and then discharged from the decomposition gas guide pipe 8. The decomposition tank 1 maintains a state in which oxygen is not supplied.

The connection between the drying tank 2 and the decomposition tank 1 is at a point 48.
A semi-circular partition is provided in the upper half of the cross section from a to the line 48b. The drying tank 2 and the decomposition tank 1 are communicated with each other in the lower half of the connection part, that is, from the line 48b to the point 48c, and the dried waste is continuously flowed from the decomposition tank 1 into the drying tank 2. With this configuration, it is possible to prevent the combustion gas in the drying tank 2 and the decomposition gas in the decomposition tank 1 from mixing.

Further, from the heated combustion gas inlet 9, the combustion gas is spouted vigorously upward. With this configuration, an air film can be formed between the drying tank 2 and the decomposition tank 1 like an air curtain.
Can be prevented from mixing with the combustion gas of the decomposition tank 1. In addition, the heating combustion gas inlet 9 may be configured to have a plurality of injection ports.

The decomposition tank 1 of this example is divided into three sections in the length direction, and each section is adjusted to a different set temperature. That is, the first category is 1
80 to 250 ° C, the second section is 250 to 300 ° C, and the third section is 300 to 400 ° C.
The reheating temperature of the cracked gas in the above. Thus, by adjusting the temperature in the decomposition tank 1 in this example to three stages,
The dried waste can be efficiently heated and pyrolyzed.

In this example, the decomposition tank rotating body 41 is provided inside the decomposition tank 1.
Is accommodated. The rotation of the rotator 41 is controlled by a decomposition tank rotator rotation system 46, and the rotation speed is adjusted by a rotation drive power and a gear system using a gear to control the power of the motor.

That is, a worm gear is axially mounted on the output side of the motor, and a meshing gear is provided on the outer periphery of the rotating body 41 of the disassembling tank. A plurality of such rotational driving power and gear systems are provided, such as a central portion and both ends of the decomposition tank rotating body 41, and these motors are synchronized by control means (not shown). Thus, by providing a plurality of the rotary drive power and the gear system, the decomposition tank rotating body 41 for processing a large amount of waste is provided.
Can be supported.

The rotation speed of the decomposition tank rotator 41 is set to １ ／ of the rotation speed of the drying tank rotator 42. In this way, the waste smoothly reaches the discharge section 48 without staying. The rotation speed and the amount of reheat cracked gas to be introduced are adjusted so that the cracking is completed by the end of the three sections. It takes about 0.5 hour for the waste supplied from the waste supply unit 43 to pass through the end of the drying tank 2 and about 1.5 hours to move to the end after being loaded into the decomposition tank 1.

A large number of baffle plates 71 are mounted on the inner wall of the rotating body 41 of the decomposition tank. By attaching the baffle plate 71,
The heat is uniformly distributed to the waste in the decomposition tank 1, and at the same time, the waste moves smoothly without staying. As a result, uniform and complete decomposition can be performed. The baffle plate 71 has a shape in which a rectangular tip portion is bent at an obtuse angle, and is attached obliquely toward the traveling direction of the disassembly section 2. That is, it is attached to the inner wall of the decomposition tank rotating body 41 so as to form a spiral.

The waste that has reached the end of the decomposition tank 1 and has been decomposed has a large carbon content due to the specific gravity difference, unreacted metals such as aluminum cans and steel cans, and wiring such as copper and brass. The part is divided into the middle part of the majority, the lower part such as earth and sand, bottles and ceramics.

The discharge section 47 includes a carbon carry-out conveyor 47a for discharging the upper layer carbon, a bulky residue carry-out conveyor 47b for discharging the middle layer metal, and a heavy earth and sand discharge conveyor 47c for discharging the lower layer earth and sand. Each unloading conveyor 47
Reference numerals a to 47c denote screw conveyors for discharging each residue. The carbon discharge conveyor 47a is in the depth direction of FIG. 3, the bulky residue discharge conveyor 47b is in the right direction of FIG.
It extends toward the front of.

Each residue discharged by each of the unloading conveyors 47a to 47c is difficult to handle as it is because it is at a high temperature close to 400 ° C. However, it is rather possible to reduce heat loss by utilizing the high temperature. If processed, each can be reused industrially.

For example, bottles and pottery discharged from the carry-out conveyor 47c, such as heavy earth and sand, are pulverized and then sieved into fine grains and medium grains. Those having a particle size larger than the medium are crushed again and sieved into fine and medium. After the medium grains are kneaded with the calcium carbonate emulsion generated in the carbon dioxide / odor absorption tower 5, they are baked in a firing furnace to produce lightweight bricks, which can be used as construction materials. At this time, the calcium carbonate works as a foaming agent. On the other hand, fine granules can be used for pavement of roads.

The carbon discharged from the carbon carry-out conveyor 47a can be used as a carbon resource. Regarding the residual metals discharged from the bulky residue discharge conveyor 47b, iron can be magnetically separated and used. Aluminum, copper, etc. can be separated and collected and reused by utilizing the difference in specific gravity.

Although the decomposition gas reheating tank 3 of this embodiment is not shown, the same combustion type heater as the decomposition gas reheating tank 3 of FIG. 1 is used.

As shown in FIG. 4, the cracked gas generated in the continuous system of the present example is separated into a reusable state in the hydrocarbon separation system, and industrial reuse is achieved. About the said hydrocarbon separation system, it performs similarly to Example 1.

The industrial waste treatment facility is installed on the site of the final disposal site created in the mountains, and uses a rotary kiln type continuous system. Industrial waste includes all kinds of waste, such as heavy materials mainly composed of earth and sand, plastics, building wood, shredded combustible materials such as furniture breakage, and metals from garbage incineration plants. This is because a large amount of processing must be performed. Industrial waste includes lumps containing sediment and concrete reinforcing bars. Large grains of reinforced concrete are ground or removed.

Hereinafter, the decomposition reaction of natural substances, synthetic substances, and metals contained in waste will be described. All natural and synthetic products are decomposed at the pyrolysis temperature of 180 to 400 ° C. of the present invention, leaving 10 to 15% of carbon after gasification. Natural products leave carbon that contains potassium and calcium elements in amounts equivalent to ash, and synthetic products leave almost pure carbon.

The fibrin, which is a component of natural plant matter, is a carbohydrate. Its composition can be represented by (CH ₂ 0) _n , and glucose (C ₆ H ₁₂ O ₆ ) and sugar (C ₆ H ₁₂ O ₆ ) ₂ are also natural high molecular substances having the same composition. It is also well known that these do not have a vapor pressure and undergo thermal decomposition, so that they cannot be purified by distillation.

In wood, the carbohydrate chains are rigidly fixed by the same carbohydrate, lignin, thereby maintaining the strength of the wood. Vegetables, fruits, and flowers are the same, but the amount of lignin and the method of fixing are different, indicating their respective characteristics. Carbohydrates in plant fibers are thermally decomposed at a relatively low temperature (250 ° C. to 280 ° C.), but do not melt like plastics because lignin is fixed. Lignin fixation is the reason that plant waste preserves its shape during degradation.

Since vegetable carbohydrates have a large number of oxygen atoms in the molecule, their waste decomposed products contain a large amount of oxygen-containing hydrocarbons such as methanol, acetone, formaldehyde and acetic acid. Vegetable carbohydrates generate relatively little cracked gas and undergo thermal decomposition.

The main component of the animal substance is a natural macromolecular substance composed of about 20 kinds of amino acids such as lignin, alanine and leucine, which are collectively called proteins. Since it has nitrogen and oxygen atoms in the molecule, it forms hydrogen bonds with water molecules and maintains its form. For hard tissues such as hair and nails, three right-handed polypeptide chains are entangled with each other to form one left-handed coil,
It is thought that the hair fibers are formed by being fixed by the crosslinking of hydrogen bonds and sulfur and gathering more.

Animal protein is also thermally decomposed similarly to carbohydrates to produce hydrocarbons (including oxygen-containing hydrocarbons), hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia. It emits a peculiar smell of animal quality and burns and chars.

Plastics, which are synthetic products, include a chain transfer type polymerization in which a monomer having a double bond in a molecule is successively saturated with double radicals by free radicals provided from a polymerization initiator to extend a chain. There is a wide variety of polymer substances based on synthetic methods such as dehydration-type polymerization, in which a chain is extended from an organic acid and a substance having an organic acid group by a dehydration reaction using a dehydrating agent.
Regarding the type of compound to be synthesized, copolymers with different molecules, those linked to other substances during polymerization, those that mix polymerization products, those that melt and mix and shape different polymers at the time of shaping, etc. It is very diverse.

A copolymerization method is employed for imparting mechanical strength of the plastic, preventing fragility due to crystallization over time, improving heat resistance, dyeing properties, etc., and often involves halogenation.

Since the entanglement of the chains of the plastics having such various compositions and the crystallization due to the orientation of the chains (intermolecular force between the chains = van der Waals force) maintain the strength of the solid, The heat resistance is extremely low, many plastics soften below 100 ° C, and those that withstand up to 150 ° C rarely melt. As described above, since the synthetic material is melted before the decomposition, the synthetic waste has no shape preserving property in the decomposition process.

[0099] Synthetic products, like natural products, undergo thermal decomposition to generate decomposition gases. Since the synthesized product has a lower oxygen content than the natural product, the cracked gas is mostly hydrocarbon (methane, ethane, propane, etc.). If a large amount of saturated hydrocarbon is generated, the amount of hydrogen becomes insufficient.

The molecular weight of the synthetic product is not constant depending on the reaction conditions and the reactants in the polymerization process such as copolymerization and mixed melting. Therefore, the thermal decomposition temperature is wider in the temperature range (180
C. to 400 C.). Certain types of synthetic compounds produce 60% or more of the raw material monomer in the decomposition gas at a relatively low temperature (around 260 ° C.). Further, the composition of the decomposition product gas varies depending on the decomposition temperature.

Although the process of pyrolysis of natural and synthetic products has not been clarified, data is being collected by a recently developed pyrolysis chromatograph. Analysis of the theory of infrared absorption spectra and analysis of experimental results have revealed the molecular structure, given knowledge of the thermal behavior of many low molecular weight molecules, and measured the interatomic distance and the average amplitude due to thermal vibration. .

However, for the high molecular substances called carbohydrates and plastics, which are natural or synthetic substances, the static structure of the molecule is known by analyzing the crystal structure by X-ray, but the thermal behavior is apparent. Has not been.

Consider what movement occurs in a polymer chain when heat is applied to an infinitely extending chain. If thermal energy is converted to the vibration frequency of mechanical energy,
At 5 ° C. = 298 ° K), it is about 200 cm −1, which means that 2.5 kj / mol (0.6 kcal / mol) of heat is externally given. 200 ° C (47
At 3.2 ° K), 330 cm ⁻¹ (4.0 kj / mo)
l), 470 cm at 400 ° C (673.2 ° K)
Vibration energy of ^-1 (5.6 kj / mol) is given to the entire polymer chain. This frequency is energy close to the wave number 520 cm ⁻¹ of the bending vibration of carbon dioxide (0 = C = 0), which is considered to cause global warming.

The chemical bonds in these polymer compounds include a bond of a polymer main chain directly bonded to carbon-carbon, carbon-oxygen, carbon-nitrogen and the like, and a side chain bond such as a branched bond. . The direct bond forming the main chain has a large binding energy as can be understood from the consideration of the constant of the binding force. Thus, the side chains are detached first, rather than the main chain being chopped, and then hydrogen is deficient. The side chain carbon atoms then take off hydrogen from the main chain, and the main chain carbon atoms lose hydrogen, yielding the original monomeric atomic group with unsaturated bonds in the main chain. It is thought that the main chain also splits one after another with thermal oscillation. Eventually, the remaining backbone loses no hydrogen and only carbon.

In natural products, carbon such as lignin that solidifies around the fibrous material, and carbon or oxides of inorganic substances such as potassium and calcium serve as pillars to maintain the original shape. On the other hand, it is considered that the composite cannot maintain its original shape because there is no support.

[0106] The earth and sand which is largely contained in industrial waste contains toxic metals. Chlorination is most effective in removing such harmful substances. Hexavalent chromium, tetravalent manganese and the like are harmful in the oxide form and need to be separated as water-soluble chlorides. In the present invention, chlorine atoms contained in the waste are used for chlorination.

Most of the other harmful metal chlorides have a low temperature and a high vapor pressure. Therefore, after entering into the cracked gas during the cracking operation in the present invention, it is precipitated and removed during the separation treatment. These harmful metal chlorides are neither released into the atmosphere nor spilled into the soil, and do not pollute the environment. For example, the boiling point of arsenic chloride is 130 ° C, and the boiling point of phosphorus trichloride is 76 ° C. Phosphorus pentachloride sublimes at 160 ° C.
Mercury chloride has a vapor pressure of 760 mm at 304 ° C.

Hereinafter, an experiment for verifying that waste is thermally decomposed under the conditions of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 5 shows a small processing apparatus using a glass container in this experiment. Using such a glass container, temperature measurement by heating, separation of distillate, and observation of the state of change in waste were performed. In particular, it was shown that the cracking gas can be sufficiently separated into hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing hydrocarbons by the cooling efficiency of the hydrocarbon separation system.

The main components of the apparatus used in this experiment are a 500-ml three-necked flask 111, a four-ball cooler 112, a side tube 122, a condensate extracting branching portion 113, and a separating funnel 114.

Hereinafter, an experimental apparatus will be described. 50
At the center of the three openings of the 0 ml three-necked flask, a stopper fitted with the condensate extraction branch portion 113 is fitted. One of the remaining openings is plugged with a thermocouple for temperature measurement. The last opening is plugged with a 100 ml separatory funnel 114.

A stopper in which a four-ball cooler 112 is fitted is provided at an opening above the condensed liquid extracting branch 113. At the branching point of the branching portion 113, a glass boat-shaped small piece 121 is placed at a position where the liquid drops from the cooler 112. Side tube 1
The liquid substance collecting part 118 (100 ml
(Erlenmeyer flask), and the collecting section 118 is cooled in a cooling tank 123 containing ice water.

Cooling water passage 1 of the quadruple ball input cooler 112
Tap water flows into a cooling water inlet 12b from a cooling water inlet at a lower portion of the passage, and tap water flows out from a cooling water outlet at an upper portion of the passage to cool the steam in the cooling ball interior 112a. The top of the inside 112 of the cooling sphere is plugged with a hydrocarbon outflow pipe 117. The hydrocarbon outlet pipe 117 is connected to a hydrocarbon fractionator (not shown).

The above three-necked flask is wrapped with asbestos wool, and its surroundings are covered with an asbestos plate and fixed on a heating burner.

Hereinafter, the operation of the experiment will be described.
In the three-necked flask 111, 5 pieces of the crushed waste sample are placed.
Measure and insert 0 g, and plug again. Tap water is supplied to the cooling water passage 112b of the four-ball input cooler 112. The interior of the experimental apparatus is observed while igniting the gas burner 115 and measuring the temperature. Gas evolves from the waste sample with increasing temperature. Cooler 112 with high boiling point compound
And the side pipe 122
The liquid drops into the liquid substance collecting unit 118 through the liquid.

The low-boiling compounds are not condensed even when cooled by the four-ball cooler 112, and remain as a gas in the hydrocarbon outlet 117.
To a hydrocarbon fractionator (not shown). The low-boiling compounds are fractionated into saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon fractionator and collected in a flask (not shown).

When the liquid no longer drops from the side pipe 122 to the liquid substance collecting section 118 and the amount of each hydrocarbon fractionated by the hydrocarbon fractionator does not increase, the gas burner 115
Turn off the fire.

When the temperature of the three-necked flask 111 is lowered to about room temperature, the weight of the black carbon remaining in the flask 111 and the amount of tar adhering to the inner wall of the flask 111 are measured with a precision balance. Saturated hydrocarbons collected by the liquid substance collection unit 118, saturated hydrocarbons fractionated by the hydrocarbon fractionator,
The same applies to unsaturated hydrocarbons.

After the gas burner 115 was ignited, the liquid was not dropped onto the liquid substance collecting section 118, and the three-necked flask 111 until the amount of each hydrocarbon fractionated by the hydrocarbon fractionator did not increase. The state of the material collecting section 118 and the like is observed.

It is to be noted that an experiment in which ammonia or concentrated hydrochloric acid is put into the separating funnel 114 and ammonia or concentrated hydrochloric acid is dropped into the three-necked flask 120 during heating of the sample is separately performed.
It is observed whether chlorine was released during the decomposition of the waste sample due to the dropping of ammonia. It is observed whether or not metal chlorides have been generated during the decomposition of the gold waste sample by dropping for concentrated hydrochloric acid, and it is observed in which fraction the vapor of the metal chlorides is subsequently contained.

[0120] In the experiment, natural waste (dry wood, vegetables and the like, dried fish and meat, etc.), synthetic waste (acrylic clothing such as vinyl drain pipe, Saran wrap, plastic bag, etc.) And two types of samples, such as a wiring board (including IC, etc.) and a rubber product, etc., and the experiment of the above operation is performed three times for each of the samples.

The above experiment was performed, and the liquid substance collecting section 118 was
The weight of the low-boiling compounds, i.e., oxygen compounds, trapped in
The average values of the weights of the saturated hydrocarbon and the unsaturated hydrocarbon fractionated by the hydrocarbon fractionator are shown in Tables 1 and 2 for the natural waste sample and the synthetic waste sample, respectively.

[0122]

[Table 1]

[0123]

[Table 2]

The weight of each product in the table is 1 k of waste.
g is the weight of each fraction produced when processing. The number of moles of each product in the table is the number of moles of each fraction generated when 1 kg of waste is treated. The liquid volume and the volume of the gas at 250 ° C. are for convenience of processing equipment design.
Shows the volume per ton of waste.

The contents of each table will be briefly described. Table 1
Shows the number of moles of decomposed substances, liquid volume, and gas volume generated when 1 kg of a natural product is decomposed.
Saturated hydrocarbon (20%), oxygen-containing hydrocarbon (40
%), Unsaturated hydrocarbons (5%), tar content (10%),
Carbon (15%).

Table 2 shows the number of moles of decomposed substances, liquid volume and gas volume generated when 1 kg of the synthesized product is decomposed. Saturated hydrocarbon (28%), unsaturated hydrocarbon (35%), oxygen-containing hydrocarbon (15%), other ammonia containing chlorine (10%), residual carbon is (12%)
%). The rightmost column shows the converted volume (m ³ ) of each gas when the average temperature entering the cracked gas inlet 1 is 250 ° C.

In general, plastic products are rarely homopolymers, but are often copolymers or mixed melts. For example, polyethylene, polypropylene,
Examples include polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, synthetic rubber, tetron, nylon 6-6, and the like. Thus, synthetic waste is a mixture of several types of polymers, even in the case of a single article. In view of the above, Table 2 is prepared as average data using various kinds of synthetic substances for sample selection.

Although hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and styrene cannot be separated due to their boiling points, the present invention does not require separation, so that they were included in oxygen-containing hydrocarbons and no further separation operation was performed. .

Hereinafter, the result of observing the inside of the experimental apparatus during the experiment will be described. When the above experimental operation was performed using natural waste as a sample, 20 hours after the start of heating,
Discoloration started gradually at around 0 ° C., and at 250 ° C., smoke began to be emitted from the surface, and decomposition started. At 280 ° C., the decomposition rate increased rapidly, and the surface was vigorously emitting grayish white smoke to decompose. Thereafter, the surface was carbonized to a black carbon state. The shape was partially broken, but the overall shape was preserved. At about 300 ° C., grayish white smoke disappeared, and no change was observed.

Since the temperature of the cooler 112 containing the quadruple balls increased, the water flow in the cooling water passage 112b was increased. As a result, the steam was actively condensed inside the cooling ball interior 112a, and the liquid flowed downward. The liquid dropped from the lower end of the cooling sphere 112a, dropped on the glass boat-shaped small piece 121, and flowed down to the liquid substance collecting section 118 through the side pipe 122. When the composition was examined by a distillation test, the main component of the liquid was an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon.

On the other hand, when the above-mentioned experimental operation was performed using synthetic waste as a sample, melting started at about 100 ° C. The melted compound collected at the bottom of the three-necked flask 111, and the surface area was reduced.

Further, when the above-described experimental operation was performed by dropping ammonia from the separatory funnel 114 using the synthetic waste as a sample, white smoke began to be generated at about 150 ° C. to 200 ° C. after the start of heating, It did not occur at about ° C.
Such white smoke was ammonium chloride, and it was found that the synthetic waste contained chlorine atoms. From this, it is considered that the vinyl chloride resin coexists in the synthetic waste.

Separation funnel 114 was prepared using synthetic waste as a sample.
When the above-mentioned experimental operation was performed by dropping concentrated hydrochloric acid, white smoke began to be generated when the temperature exceeded 250 ° C. Such white smoke was chlorine fluoride, and it was found that the synthetic waste contained fluorine atoms.

From the above results, when the synthetic waste is heated, the synthetic waste is melted at a low temperature of about 100 ° C., so that when the temperature is further increased, the surface area of the waste is reduced and the decomposition efficiency is reduced. I understood. For this reason, in the present invention, the synthetic product can be treated together with a natural product to increase the surface area of the waste, thereby increasing the decomposition rate. As a result, efficient operation of the operation can be achieved.

Generally, the reactivity of chlorine heated to 200 ° C. is extremely high, and it is known that most metal oxides are decomposed and chlorinated by the presence of chlorine. Ordinary aluminum and steel cans are coated with an oxide film or a printed plastic film is applied to the surface of the can. Even when such cans are treated as waste according to the present invention, chlorine heated to 200 ° C. readily penetrates into the interior of the metal and reacts violently to produce chloride. Therefore, by treating the synthetic waste containing chlorine atoms and the metal waste with the treatment method or the treatment apparatus according to the present invention without separating them, these wastes can be generated without generating harmful chlorides such as dioxins. It is possible to process waste.

The vapor pressure of aluminum chloride is 180
° C at 750 mmHg, and the vapor pressure of iron chloride is 76 at 280 ° C.
Both are as large as 0 mmHg, and the vapors of aluminum chloride and iron chloride scatter from the metal surface together with the decomposition gas.

As a result of performing the above-described experimental operations on each sample of wood, vegetable scraps, flowers, and cotton clothing, the amount of each compound generated per weight of waste is shown in Table 1. Was almost the same as Therefore, it was found that these natural products were made of the same composition, that is, carbohydrate (CH ₂ O) _n .

[0138] Plastic containers such as PET bottles which are transparent and contain relatively little mixture, for example, 5 l shochu containers, 2 l mineral water containers, 500 ml juice, oolong tea and other small containers are commercially available. Reused for goods.

[0139] These transparent containers from which the aluminum stopper had been removed were chopped into samples, and the above-described experimental operation was performed. At about 100 ° C. after the start of heating, the sample became a cloudy melt, and when the temperature was further increased, decomposition started simultaneously with foaming. 220 ° C
Decomposition vigorously occurred while raising white smoke nearby, and the melt gradually became darker and carbonized at around 280 ° C.

In the cooler 112 with four balls, condensation hardly occurred, and the cooling balls 112a were filled with gray-white smoke. The off-white smoke was discharged from the hydrocarbon outlet 117. When a burner was connected to the end of a conduit (not shown) connected to the outlet 117 and ignited without supplying air, the flame turned into a small orange flame, and a black oil smoke was emitted from the end of the flame and burned. . The oily smoke was collected with a fine mesh stainless steel dome to obtain good quality carbon black.

Generally, in combustion that produces a large amount of oily smoke, carbon in hydrocarbons produces carbon dioxide, and hydrogen in hydrocarbons produces water. Since one molecule of water requires two hydrogen atoms, carbon is extra, and it is thought that the extra carbon forms a loose mass and floats. Therefore, it can be concluded that the cracked gas generated in the transparent container cracking experiment contains a large amount of unsaturated hydrocarbon.

The above-described experimental operation was performed by cutting the base of the audio equipment and the personal computer into a sample. When heating was started, the small condenser initially contained in the sample burst with sound. Upon further heating, the plastic part of the base and the solder melted out, but aluminum, copper and brass did not. IC
Because the plastic that wrapped the is polyester,
It melted and flowed out. Finally, the metal plate for cooling and the device incorporated in the wafer remained.

When concentrated hydrochloric acid was dropped from the separatory funnel 114 during the heating, chlorine in the concentrated hydrochloric acid and metals rapidly reacted, and the inside of the flask 111 was filled with white smoke. The inside was white smoke and cloudy, and could not be observed well. However, a small amount of liquid probably due to decomposition of the polyester was dropped from the side pipe 122 to the liquid substance collecting unit 118. Since the amount of liquid collected by the liquid substance collecting section 118 was small, it is considered that the amount of plastic in the total weight of the sample collected from the base of the audio equipment and the personal computer was small.

[0144]

As described above, according to the present invention, waste can be treated without releasing harmful substances such as carbon dioxide and dioxin into the atmosphere. Decomposed gas generated by waste treatment can be separated and used as industrial raw materials, fuel for heating and power generation, carbon can be used as carbon resources, and by-product aluminum chloride, iron chloride and the like can be reused as resources. Further, by selecting either the batch system or the continuous system, it is possible to install equipment having a waste treatment capacity according to the amount of discharge, such as an urban area or a small town.

According to the present invention, clean earth and sand removed from organic and inorganic substances considered to be related to pollution, that is, sand made of silica, mica, feldspar and the like can be left as a final disposal material. By cultivating using such clean earth and sand and using compost made from non-contaminated crops, vegetables and fruits can be produced from non-contaminated seeds. By extending such a cycle to other crops and animals, safe food can be obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional side view illustrating a batch-type waste disposal apparatus according to a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory plan view showing a batch-type waste disposal apparatus according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional side view illustrating a continuous waste disposal apparatus according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory plan view showing a continuous waste disposal apparatus according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a hydrocarbon separation system according to Examples 1 and 2.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing a small glass experimental apparatus for supporting the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 1 decomposition tank 1a decomposition tank rotating body 2 drying tank 2a drying tank waste storage and drying position 2b drying tank dried waste input position 2x hook-like substance 2y hook-like substance 3 cracking gas reheating tank 3a cracking gas reheating tank Pipe 4 Hydrocarbon fractionation tower 5 Carbon dioxide / odor absorption tower 6 Blower 7 Heating tank rotating body 8 Cracking gas guide pipe 9 Heating combustion gas inlet 10 Dry gas exhaust port 11 Cracking gas inlet pipe 12 Burner 13 Hydrocarbon inlet pipe 14 Prop 15 Cover 16 Cover 17 Burner 18 Outlet 41 Rotating unit for decomposition tank 42 Rotating unit for drying tank 43 Waste supply conveyor 44 Waste supply unit 44a Supply blade 45 Reheatable gas inlet 46 Decomposition tank rotation unit rotation system 47 Discharge unit 47a Conveyor for transporting carbon 47b Conveyor for transporting high-level residue 47c Conveyor for transporting heavy earth and sand 48a Connection vertex of connection part 48b Connection part of vertex Cut bottom line 49 Drying tank rotating body rotation system 61a Hook-shaped object 61b Hook-shaped object 71 Baffle plate 91 Cracking gas inlet 92 Hydrocarbon fractionation section 93 Oxygen-containing hydrocarbon fractionation section 94 Hydrocarbon storage tank 95 Fractionation unsaturated Hydrocarbon storage tank 96 Saturated / unsaturated hydrocarbon fractionation tower 97 Saturated hydrocarbon storage tank 98 Vacuum heat exchanger 99 Vacuum heat exchanger 100 Compressor 101 Carbon black production dome 102 Heat exchanger 103 Methanol tank 104 Unsaturated hydrocarbon Storage tank 105 Acetone, acetic acid tank 111 500 ml three-necked flask 112 Quadruple-ball cooler 112a Inside cooling sphere 112b Cooling water passage 113 Condensate extraction branch 114 Separation funnel (100 ml) 115 Gas burner 116 Thermocouple for temperature measurement (Chromel / Alumel) 117 charcoal Hydrogen outlet portion 118 liquid material collecting portion 119 asbestos plate 120 Ass belt wool (for warmth) 121 glass boat-shaped piece 122 side tube 123 cooling bath A-A drying tank rotation axis

Claims (16)

[Claims] 1. A method for treating waste containing plastics, metals including aluminum and iron, and natural products, wherein the waste dried in a drying tank is reheated in a decomposition gas reheating tank. Using the cracked gas of the waste itself, in a cracking tank in an anoxic state, without burning, it is pyrolyzed at low temperature to a mixture of carbon, saturated / unsaturated hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons containing oxygen, etc. A waste treatment method for fractionating cracked gas containing, for example, a reusable compound by utilizing a difference in boiling point, wherein the cracked gas generated by decomposing waste in the cracking tank is subjected to the cracking. The hydrocarbon gas obtained by fractionating the gas was reheated in the cracked gas reheating tank by burning the hydrocarbon gas, and the waste was dried by the heat of burning the hydrocarbon obtained by fractionating the cracked gas. Before and after Waste treatment method characterized by decomposing waste using reheat gas. 2. An air pollutant is removed from a gas after drying the waste by heat generated by burning a hydrocarbon obtained by fractionating the cracked gas, and the gas from which the air pollutant has been removed is removed from the atmosphere. The waste disposal method according to claim 1, wherein the waste is discharged into the inside. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein after the waste is decomposed by using the reheating gas, a decomposition gas generated by decomposition of the waste is introduced into the reheating tank.
The waste disposal method according to any of the above. 4. An amount of waste not more than a predetermined volume is put into the drying tank, and the waste is dried in the drying tank.
4. The waste disposal method according to claim 1, wherein all of the dried waste is transferred to the decomposition tank and sealed therein, and the dried waste is thermally decomposed in the decomposition tank. 5. The waste disposal method according to claim 1, wherein an amount of dried waste corresponding to a capacity of one or more drying tanks is thermally decomposed in the decomposition tank. 6. A method for treating waste containing plastics, metals including aluminum and iron, and natural products, wherein the waste dried in a drying tank is reheated in a decomposition gas reheating tank. Using the cracked gas of the waste itself, in a cracking tank in an anoxic state, without burning, it is pyrolyzed at low temperature to a mixture of carbon, saturated / unsaturated hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons containing oxygen, etc. A waste treatment method for fractionating cracked gas containing, for example, a reusable compound by utilizing a difference in boiling point, wherein the cracked gas generated by decomposing waste in the cracking tank is subjected to the cracking. The hydrocarbon gas obtained by fractionating the gas was reheated in the cracked gas reheating tank by burning the hydrocarbon gas, and the waste was dried by the heat of burning the hydrocarbon obtained by fractionating the cracked gas. Before and after Waste treatment method characterized by decomposing waste using reheat gas. 7. An air pollutant is removed from a gas after drying the waste by heat generated by burning a hydrocarbon obtained by fractionating the cracked gas, and the gas from which the air pollutant is removed is removed from the atmosphere. The waste disposal method according to claim 7, wherein the waste is discharged into the inside. 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the waste is decomposed by using the reheating gas, and then a decomposition gas generated by decomposing the waste is introduced into the reheating tank.
The waste disposal method according to any of the above. 9. The waste flows into the drying tank to dry the waste in the drying tank, and the dried waste is sequentially flowed into the decomposition tank and dried in the decomposition tank. 9. The waste disposal method according to claim 6, wherein the waste is thermally decomposed, and the drying and pyrolysis processes are performed simultaneously and continuously. 10. An apparatus for treating waste containing plastics, metals including aluminum and iron, and natural products, wherein a separate drying tank for drying said waste, and a drying tank for drying said waste. A decomposition tank for thermal decomposition,
A cracked gas reheating tank for reheating the cracked gas by heat generated by burning hydrocarbons obtained by fractionating the cracked gas generated in the cracking tank, and a hydrocarbon obtained by fractionating the cracked gas. An air pollutant removal device that removes air pollutants from gas after drying wastes by the heat of combustion, and a hydrocarbon separation mechanism that fractionates the cracked gas, wherein the drying tank and the cracking tank A predetermined amount or less of waste can be sealed, and after drying the waste in the drying tank, all the dried waste is transferred to the decomposition tank, and the dried waste in the decomposition tank is removed. A waste treatment device that performs thermal decomposition. 11. The waste treatment apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the drying tank has two or more tanks, and each drying tank inputs the dried waste into the decomposition tank at different timing. . 12. A means for agitating at least one waste material on the inner wall surface of the drying tank and tearing the bag material when there is a bag material in the waste material. 13. The waste disposal apparatus according to claim 10. 13. An apparatus for treating waste containing plastics, metals including aluminum and iron, and natural products, a drying tank for drying the waste, and a decomposing unit for thermally decomposing the dried waste. Tank, a cracked gas reheating tank that reheats the cracked gas by the heat of burning hydrocarbons obtained by fractionating the cracked gas generated in the cracking tank,
An air pollutant removing device for removing air pollutants from a gas after drying waste by heat generated by burning hydrocarbons obtained by fractionating the cracked gas, and a hydrocarbon separator for fractionating the cracked gas A mechanism for flowing the waste into the drying tank, drying the waste in the drying tank, sequentially flowing the dried waste into the decomposition tank, and drying the waste in the decomposition tank. A waste treatment apparatus, wherein the waste is thermally decomposed, and the drying and pyrolysis steps are performed simultaneously and continuously. 14. The waste treatment apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising means for preventing gas in the drying tank from mixing with gas in the decomposition tank. 15. A means for stirring at least one waste on the inner wall surface of the drying tank and tearing the bag when there is a bag in the waste. 13. The waste disposal apparatus according to claim 13. 16. The waste disposal apparatus according to claim 13, wherein at least one stirring means is provided on an inner wall surface of said decomposition tank.