JPH11287979A - Liquid crystal element - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide the liquid crystal element which can be increased in contrast by making the alignment of liquid crystal uniform over the entire surface by dispersing islands of macromolecules in the liquid crystal uniformly in columns. SOLUTION: The liquid crystal element 11, constituted by forming electric insulating layers 14 on electrodes 12 of transparent film substrates 13 having two opposite electrodes 12 and arranging a liquid crystal layer 15 having uniaxially and horizontally aligned liquid crystal 17 and islands 18 of macromolecules dispersed in the liquid crystal 17 between the substrates 13, is characterized by that the surface tension of the electric insulating layer 14 is 40 to 60 dyn/cm. The islands 18 of macromolecules are present in columns at right angles to both the substrates 13 and the diameter of columns 18A of macromolecules viewed from the front of the liquid crystal element 11 is <=10 μm.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal device,
It can be used for electronic displays that require high-resolution image quality.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a ferroelectric liquid crystal panel using a ferroelectric liquid crystal as a liquid crystal layer, when the thickness of the ferroelectric liquid crystal is reduced to, for example, about 2 μm, another liquid crystal panel is used. Unique characteristics that are not seen in, such as memory phenomenon called bistable and high-speed response of optical switching are exhibited. Therefore, in order to promote the practical use of ferroelectric liquid crystal display devices and spatial light modulators utilizing the above-mentioned characteristics, development and practical use of ferroelectric liquid crystal panels have been actively promoted.

On the other hand, the above-mentioned bistability and high-speed response are observed when an electric field is applied to a ferroelectric liquid crystal panel. A ferroelectric liquid crystal layer is formed between a pair of transparent electrodes. Therefore, if the thickness of the ferroelectric liquid crystal layer is reduced,
Conduction is likely to occur between the pair of transparent electrodes, and if the conduction occurs, display characteristics deteriorate. In a conventional ferroelectric liquid crystal panel, usually, a ferroelectric liquid crystal is aligned using an alignment film formed by a rubbing method or an oblique deposition method. Since the alignment film has an electrical insulation property, the above-described conduction can be prevented by increasing the film thickness to some extent. However, on the other hand, the voltage applied to the ferroelectric liquid crystal layer is reduced due to the voltage drop in the alignment film, and a problem arises that the bistability of the panel is reduced.

A ferroelectric liquid crystal panel in which the above conduction is prevented without impairing such bistability is disclosed in JP-A-64-3.
A liquid crystal device disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3526 is known. This liquid crystal element has a two-layer dielectric layer formed between at least one of a pair of transparent electrodes and a liquid crystal layer. The dielectric layer includes a first layer (upper and lower short-circuit preventing layers) provided on the transparent electrode and a second layer (alignment control layer) provided on the first layer. It is made of a substance having a dielectric constant or a ferroelectric substance. Also, the second
The layer is made of a low-resistance dielectric, and the surface of the second layer that is in contact with the liquid crystal layer is uniaxially oriented by a rubbing method or an oblique deposition method.

[0005] In recent years, film liquid crystal panels have attracted attention from the viewpoint of increasing the display area and reducing the manufacturing cost of the panels. In the case of a film liquid crystal panel, since a liquid crystal panel can be manufactured continuously by a roll-to-roll method using a coating method, the manufacturing process can be simplified and the manufacturing cost of the liquid crystal panel can be greatly reduced. Further, since this film liquid crystal panel uses a film as a substrate, it is considered to be applied to various uses in order to make use of advantages such as being light and not cracking and capable of displaying a curved surface. In particular, in a ferroelectric film liquid crystal panel, it is possible to align a ferroelectric liquid crystal without using an alignment film by applying a shearing force while applying an electric field to the ferroelectric liquid crystal (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. No. 5727. This method is hereinafter referred to as a roll orientation method.)

According to this roll alignment method, a uniform liquid crystal alignment layer having a large area can be obtained in a very short time, so that an alignment film is not required. A dielectric film liquid crystal panel can be manufactured. However, the film liquid crystal panel has an advantage that a curved display surface can be obtained, but has a problem that the strength of the panel in the vertical direction is low because the substrate is a flexible film. Conventionally, in order to improve the strength of a film liquid crystal panel, for example, a polymer dispersion type liquid crystal element (JP-A-5-9390)
5) has been proposed. However, in the conventional polymer-dispersed liquid crystal device, since the dispersion state of the polymer is not controlled,
There was a problem that the alignment of the liquid crystal was disturbed by the polymer islands and the contrast was reduced.

On the other hand, as a method of controlling polymer islands, a method of providing a hydrophobic portion and a hydrophilic portion on a surface in contact with a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-337405), a method of controlling a polymer layer dispersed in liquid crystal. A method of controlling the dispersion state of polymer islands by increasing the surface tension of the alignment film over the surface tension has also been proposed. However, in these methods, the dispersion state of the islands of the adhesive is not sufficient, and the contrast ratio of the obtained liquid crystal cell is only 80 or less.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a liquid crystal device capable of increasing the contrast by dispersing polymer islands in the liquid crystal in a columnar and uniform manner so that the orientation of the liquid crystal is uniform over the entire surface of the device. The purpose is to provide.

[0009]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, an electrical insulating layer is formed on at least one electrode of two opposing transparent film substrates with electrodes, and a uniaxial horizontal film is provided between the substrate with electrodes. In a liquid crystal element having a liquid crystal layer having an oriented liquid crystal and polymer islands dispersed in the liquid crystal, the surface tension of the electric insulating layer is 40 dyn / cm to 60 dy.
n / cm.

When the surface tension of the electric insulating layer is less than 40 dyn / cm, the surface tension of the polymer dispersed in the liquid crystal becomes close to that of the polymer, and the polymer islands are not uniformly dispersed due to aggregation of the polymers. As a result, the large polymer islands hinder the alignment of the liquid crystal, thereby lowering the contrast of the panel. On the other hand, when the surface tension exceeds 60 dyn / cm, the polymer in the liquid crystal is pulled by the substrate, and it becomes difficult to form a polymer island extending between the upper and lower substrates, and the strength of the panel is reduced. Preferably, the surface tension is between 45 dyn / cm and 60 dyn / cm, more preferably 50 dyn / cm.
dyn / cm to 60 dyn / cm.

As the material of the transparent film substrate, known materials can be used as long as they have no optical anisotropy, and are transparent and flexible. For example, polyether sulfone (PES), polyarylate (PA
r), a transparent plastic resin such as polycarbonate (PC) and polyester can be used. As a film substrate, in addition to raw film, gas barrier layer, hard coat layer,
It may be a multilayer film in which a functional coat layer such as a solvent-resistant layer is laminated. A protective film may be provided on the back surface of the substrate, and may be intentionally roughened to prevent blocking of the film due to static electricity.

The electrode is formed on a transparent film surface by a known method such as a sputtering method or an ion beam evaporation method using an amorphous film material made of ITO, tin oxide, ZnO and In ₂ O _3. The transparent electrode film is used. As the liquid crystal material, when aligned, in any of a plurality of operation modes when the polarity or magnitude of the voltage is changed, apparently, any material having a uniaxial horizontal alignment with respect to the substrate can be used. Good. For example, ferroelectric liquid crystal and antiferroelectric liquid crystal,
For example, a known liquid crystal material can be used.

In the case of a ferroelectric liquid crystal, the thickness of the liquid crystal is set to be equal to or less than the helical pitch. When the above-mentioned alignment film is used, for example, a slow cooling method is used. And the like, it is possible to obtain a liquid crystal cell having uniaxial horizontal alignment in either of the two modes that change depending on the polarity of the applied electric field. The ferroelectric liquid crystal is, in particular, a ferroelectric liquid crystal composed of a ferroelectric polymer liquid crystal and a low-molecular liquid crystal, and the ratio of the ferroelectric liquid crystal in the ferroelectric liquid crystal is preferably 10%.
It is preferred to use a ferroelectric liquid crystal of ~ 99 wt%, more preferably 10-70 wt%.

As a polymer material for adding a liquid crystal, it is preferable to use an acrylic, epoxy, or acryl / epoxy adhesive such as a UV-curing type or a thermosetting type having a surface tension of less than 30 dyn / cm. The surface tension of less than 30 dyn / cm is defined as 30 dyn / cm.
If it is more than cm, the wettability to the above-mentioned electric insulating layer is deteriorated, and the adhesive is aggregated, so that the dispersibility of the adhesive is deteriorated and the island of the adhesive is increased. As a result, the alignment of the liquid crystal is hindered, and the contrast of the panel is reduced.

The liquid crystal device according to the second invention of the present invention has the first
In the invention, the electric insulating layer is made of a siloxane-based insulating material. Since the surface tension of the electric insulating layer of the present invention is 40 dyn / cm to 60 dyn / cm as compared with a normal siloxane-based insulating layer having a surface tension of 20 dyn / cm or less, a solution (adhesion Agent) can be applied evenly,
In addition, since the diameter is 60 dyn / cm or less, the diameter of the pillar of the adhesive can be controlled to be small.

A liquid crystal device according to a third aspect of the present invention has a first
Alternatively, in the second invention, the electric insulating layer includes a siloxane-based material having an amino group and a glycidyl group. The amino group and the glycidyl group are introduced to improve the adhesion to the substrate, and the final film surface
SiOH groups are mainly formed.

The liquid crystal device according to a fourth aspect of the present invention has a first
The liquid crystal element according to any one of the first to third inventions, wherein the electric insulating layer has a dielectric constant of 5 to 20. If the dielectric constant is less than 5, the bistability of the ferroelectric liquid crystal cannot be obtained unless the film thickness is reduced. When the dielectric constant exceeds 20, the thickness at which bistability is obtained becomes extremely thin, and the effect of the electric insulating layer is not exhibited. The electric insulating layer preferably has a dielectric constant of 6 to 20, more preferably 7 to 20.

A liquid crystal device according to a fifth aspect of the present invention has the first
The liquid crystal element according to any one of the fourth to fourth inventions, wherein a change in the dielectric constant of the electric insulating layer is 0.8 to 1.2 times in a temperature range of -10 ° C to 60 ° C. If the change in the dielectric constant at -10 ° C to 60 ° C is out of the above range, the reliability when driving the liquid crystal panel cannot be obtained. This change in dielectric constant is preferably 0.
85 to 1.15 times, more preferably 0.9 to 1.1 times.

The liquid crystal device according to the sixth aspect of the present invention has the first
In any one of the fifth to fifth aspects, the electric insulating layer has a volume resistivity of 1 × 10 ¹⁰ to 1 × 10 ¹² . The reason for limiting the volume resistivity to the above range is that if it is outside the above range, the bistability of the ferroelectric liquid crystal cannot be obtained. Preferably, it is 2 × 10 ^{10 to} 9 × 10 ¹¹ , more preferably 3 × 10 ¹⁰ to 8 × 10 ¹¹ .

The liquid crystal device according to the seventh aspect of the present invention has a first
In any one of the sixth to sixth aspects, the polymer islands are present in a columnar shape in a direction perpendicular to both substrates, and the diameter of the polymer column as viewed from the front of the liquid crystal element is 1 to 10 μm. It is characterized by the following. According to the present invention, since the polymer islands (pillars) are adjusted to the minimum diameter for maintaining the panel strength, the alignment of the liquid crystal occurs uniformly over the entire surface of the panel, resulting in a panel having a very high contrast. Is obtained.

The liquid crystal device according to the eighth aspect of the present invention has a first
In any one of the seventh to seventh aspects, the liquid crystal is any one selected from a ferroelectric liquid crystal, an antiferroelectric liquid crystal, and a chiral smectic A liquid crystal exhibiting an electric field induced tilt. It is preferable to use a ferroelectric liquid crystal as the liquid crystal. By using a ferroelectric liquid crystal, a high-speed response can be achieved, and a three-dimensional display device which can easily cope with a moving image can be realized.

Among the ferroelectric liquid crystals, those containing a ferroelectric polymer liquid crystal are preferable, and the use of this makes it easy to manufacture a liquid crystal cell using a plastic film substrate. Specific examples of the ferroelectric polymer liquid crystal include acrylate main chain polymer liquid crystal, methacrylate main chain polymer liquid crystal, chloroacrylate main chain polymer liquid crystal, oxirane main chain polymer liquid crystal, and the like. it can. In the liquid crystal, a reinforcing material such as a thermoplastic resin or a crosslinkable resin, or a spacer such as glass or plastic may be mixed.

The liquid crystal element according to the ninth aspect of the present invention has the first
In any one of the eighth to eighth aspects, the transparent film substrate is characterized in that a hard coat layer containing fine particles is formed on a back surface thereof. The hard coat layer is formed to prevent damage during film transport, and includes a siloxane-based hard coat layer.
It can be formed of an acrylic, epoxy, or acrylic epoxy material. The fine particles are added to prevent blocking when the film is wound up, and fine particle powders of silica, titania, alumina, calcium carbonate, and the like can be used.

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a liquid crystal device according to any one of the first to ninth aspects, wherein the liquid crystal element has at least one polarizing plate having a color selective polarization axis and at least one color selectivity. And a variable shutter that provides different retardations in response to two different control signals, and a color shutter.

When the above liquid crystal element is used as a liquid crystal shutter, it is used in combination with a polarizing plate. As the polarizing plate, for example, a film in which a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film impregnated with iodine or a dichroic dye is supported by an optically transparent film such as a triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film or a polyester film, or a polyethylene film After dispersing the dichroic dye in the terephthalate (PET) film, a flexible polarizing film such as a uniaxially stretched film can be used. It is preferable to use a neutral polarizer that substantially absorbs all visible light regions, a color polarizer that absorbs only a specific wavelength region, or the like.

A transparent thin film made of ITO, tin oxide or the like may be formed on the surface of the polarizing film by a method such as a sputtering method or an ion beam evaporation method. In this case, a transparent film with a transparent electrode is not required. An adhesive made of an acrylic polymer or the like may be applied to the surface in contact with the liquid crystal cell in a thickness of several μm to several tens μm in advance. The surface of the polarizing plate disposed closest to the observer may be subjected to anti-glare treatment or anti-reflection treatment for preventing reflection of external light such as indoor fluorescent lamps.

[0027]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A liquid crystal panel which is a liquid crystal element according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The liquid crystal panel 11 includes a transparent film substrate 13 having two electrodes 12 facing each other, an electric insulating layer 14 formed on the electrode 12 of each transparent film substrate 13, and a liquid crystal layer provided between the electric insulating layers 14.
15 is provided. The transparent film substrate 13,
On the back surface, a hard coat layer 16 containing fine particles is formed. The electrode 12 is a transparent electrode film made of ITO, tin oxide, or the like.

The electric insulating layer 14 is made of a siloxane-based insulating material, has a surface tension of 40 dyn / cm to 60 dyn / cm, and a volume resistivity of 1 × 10 ¹⁰ to 1 × 10 ¹² . In addition, the dielectric constant is 5
2020, and the change in dielectric constant is 0.8 to 1.2 times in a temperature range of −10 ° C. to 60 ° C. An electrical insulating material having such properties is obtained by copolymerizing a siloxane oligomer having an amino group (chemical formula 1), a siloxane oligomer having a glycidyl group (chemical formula 2), and a trialkoxysilane (chemical formula 3). Material can be used.

[0029]

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[0030]

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[0031]

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The coating liquid is prepared by adding a polymerization catalyst (a thermosetting system: an organic acid catalyst such as oxalic acid, a UV curing system: a UV curing catalyst) to the materials represented by Chemical Formulas 1 to 3, and adding ethanol, ethyl cellosolve, hexylene glycol, or the like. It is prepared by diluting with an alcoholic organic solvent. At the time of coating, the film thickness is 0.2 μm or less, preferably 0.
The solution viscosity and the coating speed are adjusted so as to be 1 μm or less, and the curing conditions are such that the residual OR group is completely cured to OH by a dealcoholization reaction. Thereby, the surface tension of the film surface can be adjusted in the range of 40 dyn / cm to 60 dyn / cm.

A silica spacer 19 is provided between the two electrically insulating layers 14.
Is inserted. The liquid crystal layer 15 includes a liquid crystal 17 having uniaxial horizontal alignment and polymer islands 18 dispersed in the liquid crystal 17. As the liquid crystal 17 having uniaxial horizontal alignment, a ferroelectric liquid crystal, an antiferroelectric liquid crystal, or the like can be used. As a material for forming the polymer island 18, the surface tension is 30 dyn /
Acrylic, epoxy, acrylic / epoxy adhesives such as UV-curable and thermo-curable less than cm can be used. The polymer island 18 exists in a columnar shape in a direction orthogonal to the two substrates 13, and the polymer column 18A viewed from the front of the liquid crystal element.
Has a diameter of 1 μm to 10 μm.

In the color shutter, the liquid crystal panel 11 is different from a polarizing plate (not shown) having at least one color selective polarization axis and at least one polarizing plate having no color selectivity. It is configured with a variable retardation plate that provides different retardations in response to two control signals.

[0035]

[Example 1] After applying a solution to be an electric insulating layer 14 on a surface of an electrode 12 of a film substrate 13 by a roll coater,
The substrate 11 on which the electric insulating layer 14 was formed was obtained by heating and curing at 150 ° C. for 5 minutes. The film substrate 13 is made of ITO
/ PES (FST manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd., thickness:
100 μm, surface resistance: 300Ω / □). The solution for forming an electrical insulating layer is prepared by mixing an alkoxysilane having an amino group, an alkoxysilane having a glycidyl group, and an alkoxysilane in a ratio of 1: 1: 1 (abbreviated as AAA in the table), and hydrolyzing. Oxalic acid was added to the catalyst at a ratio of 0.01 to the total amount of alkoxysilane.

The thickness of the insulating layer 14 of the substrate 13 coated with the insulating layer forming solution is 0.01 μm, the relative dielectric constant is 7.5, and the volume resistance is
It was 8 × 10 ¹¹ . The contact angle between water and methylene iodide was measured, and the surface tension was determined to be 45 dyn / cm. On the other hand, a mixed solution of a liquid crystal and a polymer incompatible with the liquid crystal was applied on the insulating layer 14 of the substrate 13 on which the insulating layer 14 was applied, using a roll coater, and then applied at 130 ° C for 5 minutes. Then, the solvent was dried to obtain the substrate 13 coated with the liquid crystal 17.

The liquid crystal includes a ferroelectric polymer liquid crystal A (manufactured by Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.), a low molecular liquid crystal B (manufactured by Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.), and low molecular liquid crystals C and D (manufactured by Midori Kagaku Co., Ltd.).
It is a liquid crystal composition mixed at a ratio of 5: 3: 1: 1. In addition, the incompatible polymer is bis (acryloyloxyglycidyloxy) bisphenol A (manufactured by Showa Polymer Co., Ltd.).
SP1509, surface tension 25 dyn / cm), which was mixed with the liquid crystal at a weight ratio of 100: 15. The mixture of the liquid crystal and the polymer was dissolved in methyl ethyl ketone to obtain a 28% by weight mixed solution.

Next, the substrate 13 on which the insulating layer 14 is formed and the substrate 13 on which the liquid crystal 17 is coated
The laminate was obtained by laminating with a pressure roll such that the liquid crystal layer 15 and the liquid crystal layer 15 were in contact with each other. Next, while applying a rectangular wave voltage of ± 40 V to the laminate, the liquid crystal 17 was subjected to an orientation treatment by giving a bending deformation parallel to the longitudinal direction of the film. Phase-separated granular adhesive in liquid crystal (polymer)
Are more finely dispersed by the alignment process and the upper and lower substrates 13
Exists in between. Then, after the alignment, when the gap of the panel returns to its original position, the adhesive in contact with the upper and lower substrates is extended in the vertical direction to form a column of the adhesive.

Next, a liquid crystal panel 11 was obtained by irradiating the panel with UV light at an irradiation intensity of 1800 mJ / cm ² using a metal halide lamp to cure the polymer of the adhesive. This LCD panel
When the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 15 of No. 11 was measured by the IR absorption method, 2.
It was 0 μm. The contrast was measured by placing a polarizing plate on the liquid crystal panel 11 in a direction orthogonal to the alignment direction of the liquid crystal 17 and measuring ± 20 V
The transmittance of the panel in the bright state and the dark state was measured while applying an AC voltage of 95, and was 95.

The polymer island 18 in the liquid crystal 17 of the liquid crystal panel 11
Are present in a columnar shape in a direction perpendicular to both substrates, and are dispersed at substantially equal intervals.
The average diameter of A was 10 μm. When the strength of the liquid crystal panel 11 was measured, it was 8 mm. This measurement is 5mm high
The test was performed by placing one end of the liquid crystal panel on the jig and applying pressure along the jig direction with the pressing means from above, and measuring the distance between the jig and the pressing means when the orientation of the liquid crystal was broken. . When the driving characteristics of the obtained liquid crystal panel were evaluated in a temperature range of -10 ° C to 60 ° C, good driving characteristics were obtained.

Example 2 A liquid crystal panel 11 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating conditions were changed to 150 ° C. for 10 minutes.

Example 3 A liquid crystal panel 11 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating conditions were changed to 150 ° C. for 20 minutes.

Comparative Examples 1 to 3 A liquid crystal panel was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that only the solution for forming the electrical insulating layer and the coating conditions were changed. The solution for forming the electric insulating layer used in Comparative Example 1 was an acrylic silicone resin (Silacoat SCT-8101, AS manufactured by Chisso Corporation, AS
R). The coating conditions are 150 ° C. for 30 minutes.

The solution for forming the electrical insulating layer used in Comparative Example 2 was a dispersion of silica colloid in isopropyl alcohol (abbreviated as OSCAL, SIPA, manufactured by Catalyst Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.). The coating conditions are 150 ° C. for 10 minutes. The solution for forming an electrical insulating layer used in Comparative Example 3 was:
Cyanoethyl pullulan (A-Grade, manufactured by Nippon Kasei Co., Ltd.
SEP). The coating conditions are 150 ° C, 10
Minutes.

[Evaluation of Characteristics] With respect to the liquid crystal panels obtained in the above Examples and Comparative Examples, the film thickness,
The island diameter, strength, contrast, and driving characteristics were evaluated.
Table 1 shows the results. Table 1 also shows the surface tension, relative dielectric constant, and specific resistance of the insulating layers of each of the examples and the comparative examples.

[0046]

[Table 1]

As shown in Table 1, according to the liquid crystal panel 11 of the embodiment, the electric insulating layer 14 is made of a siloxane-based material having an amino group and a glycidyl group, and has a surface tension of 40 dyn / cm or less.
Since it is 60 dyn / cm, the polymer islands 18 are columnar with an average diameter of 10 μm or less, are uniformly dispersed, and have good contrast. Further, it can be seen that the liquid crystal panel 11 according to the example has good strength and driving characteristics.

On the other hand, according to Comparative Example 1, the electric insulating layer was made of acrylic silicone resin, and its surface tension was 40 dyn /
cm, the average diameter of the polymer islands was 80 μm, the polymer islands were unevenly dispersed, and the contrast was poor. According to the liquid crystal panel of Comparative Example 2, the electric insulating layer was formed of a silica film, and the surface tension thereof exceeded 60 dyn / cm. Therefore, the average diameter of the polymer island was 8000 μm, and the polymer islands were unevenly dispersed. And the contrast is poor. Further, it can be seen that the strength is also poor.

According to the liquid crystal panel of Comparative Example 3, since the electric insulating layer was made of cyanoethyl pullulan and the surface tension was lower than 40 dyn / cm, the average diameter of the polymer island was 60 μm.
Are unevenly dispersed and the contrast is poor. Further, it can be seen that the strength and the driving characteristics are also poor.

[0050]

In the liquid crystal device according to the present invention, by dispersing the polymer islands in the liquid crystal in a columnar and uniform manner, the orientation of the liquid crystal can be made uniform over the entire surface of the device and the contrast can be enhanced. it can.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal panel which is a liquid crystal element according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 11 LCD panel 12 Electrode 13 Transparent film substrate 14 Electrical insulating layer 15 Liquid crystal layer 17 Liquid crystal 18 Polymer island 18A Polymer pillar

Claims (10)

[Claims] An electric insulating layer is formed on at least one electrode of two opposing transparent film substrates with electrodes, and a liquid crystal having a uniaxial horizontal alignment is provided between the substrates with electrodes.
In a liquid crystal element having a liquid crystal layer having polymer islands dispersed in the liquid crystal, the surface tension of the electric insulating layer is 40 dyn / cm to 60 dyn / cm. 2. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the electric insulating layer is made of a siloxane-based insulating material. 3. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the electric insulating layer includes a siloxane-based material having an amino group and a glycidyl group. 4. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the electric insulating layer has a dielectric constant of 5 to 20. 5. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein a change in a dielectric constant of the electric insulating layer is 0.8 to 1.2 times in a temperature range of −10 ° C. to 60 ° C. Liquid crystal element. 6. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the electric insulating layer has a volume resistivity of 1 × 10 ¹⁰ to 1 × 10 ¹² . 7. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the polymer islands are present in a columnar shape in a direction perpendicular to both substrates, and the height of the polymer islands as viewed from the front of the liquid crystal device. A liquid crystal device characterized in that the diameter of the molecular pillar is 1 to 10 μm. 8. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal is selected from a ferroelectric liquid crystal, an antiferroelectric liquid crystal, and a chiral smectic A liquid crystal exhibiting an electric field induced tilt. A liquid crystal element, which is any one of the above. 9. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the transparent film substrate has a hard coat layer containing fine particles formed on a back surface thereof. 10. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein at least one polarizing plate having a color selection polarization axis and at least one polarizing plate having no color selectivity are different from each other. A liquid crystal element comprising a color shutter together with a variable retardation plate for providing different retardations in response to two control signals.