JPH11265781A - Heating element - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make heating wires and electrodes located beneath a heat equalizing plate visible from the surface without impairing the primary characteristic of the heat equalizing plate for uniformly dispersing heat and prevent nails from being driven at heating wire portions and electrode portions by applying boring to a heat equalizing material for uniformly dispersing the heat generated from heating members actively generating heat. SOLUTION: Many through holes are bored on a heat equalizing material, and electric conductive portions, i.e., heat conductive fibers, heating wires and electric circuits, can be seen from above a heating element through the holes. One or more auxiliary electrodes may be formed in the middle of conductive fibers in addition to electrodes at both ends to unify temperature distribution. The conductive fibers can be arranged in parallel and/or in series as electric circuits. When two or more conductive fibers are made a block and electrodes are arranged between the blocks arranged in series, the voltage applied to the conductive fibers can be lowered.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to structures such as houses, buildings, livestock buildings, greenhouses for plant cultivation, floors, walls, windows, ceilings, etc. of vehicles, blankets, sofas, etc.
Heating elements fixed to base materials such as asphalt, concrete, building roofs, eaves, etc. for clothing, furniture, household appliances, commercial electrical appliances such as thermostats, or for freezing and snow removal, such as carpets, mats and sheets. It is related to the improvement of.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A conventional heating element has a structure in which a metal foil such as an aluminum foil is disposed on a surface for uniform heat. For this reason, it is not possible to see where the heating wires and electrodes are located from the surface, and structures such as houses, buildings, livestock buildings, greenhouses for plant cultivation, floors, walls, windows and ceilings of vehicles, blankets, sofas , Carpets, mats, sheets and other clothing, furniture, home appliances, commercial appliances such as thermostats, or freeze protection,
When fixing to asphalt, concrete, a roof of a building, eaves, or the like for snow removal, a nail or a screw for fixing may be driven into a wiring portion or an electrode portion, causing an accident.

[0003] In addition, even if the location where nailing or screwing is possible is specified on the surface of the soaking plate, the actual contractor does not know the difference between the area where nailing or screwing is possible and the area where it is not possible. The reason is not clear from the viewpoint of the surface, and often causes nailing or screwing in a portion where nailing or screwing is impossible. Furthermore, if the surface is a metal surface,
It was misunderstood by the contractor as a metal plate, and was a cause of being handled in a mess.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and slightly reduces the original characteristic of uniformly distributing the heat of the heat equalizing plate. It is an object of the present invention to provide a heating element that can be seen from the surface and prevent nails or the like from being driven into a heating wire portion or an electrode portion, and can be seen at a glance as a heating element.

[0005]

That is, the present invention relates to a heating element including a heating member that actively generates heat and a soaking material for uniformly dispersing the heat generated from the heating member.
The present invention relates to a heating element characterized in that the heat equalizing material is perforated.

[0006]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The heat equalizing material of the present invention has a large number of through-holes to form an electricity conducting portion, such as a heat conductive fiber, a heating wire, or the like.
It suffices if an electric circuit or the like can be seen from above the heating element through the hole.

[0007] The holes of the heat equalizing material can be formed in any shape, such as round, square, triangular, hexagonal, elliptical, corrugated,
Various shapes such as a cross, a rhombus, a line, a meandering curve, or a combination thereof can be adopted.

Although there is no restriction on the size of the hole, it is usually 0.5 to
It can be of a size of 10 mm, preferably 1-5 mm. About the hole shape of a heat equalizing material, the thing of the shape and size specifically shown to FIGS. 1-3 can be preferably used. In the drawing, D indicates the hole diameter, and P indicates the center distance in mm. In addition, the dimensions of the hole shapes shown in FIGS. The perforating process can be performed uniformly on the entire heat equalizing material, but the perforating process can also be performed only on a portion where electricity is conducted and its periphery.

The soaking material used in the present invention can be applied to any heating element. However, it is necessary to apply a current to a heating element in which a heating member is embedded in a resin, for example, a conductive fiber sandwiched between resin or fiber-reinforced plastic. Heating element that generates heat at
More preferably, a heating portion arranged to connect the conductive fiber and the electrode at both ends of the mesh structure for the heating element formed by joining the intersections of the non-conductive fiber and the conductive fiber is embedded in a resin. The present invention is applied to an upper part and / or a lower part of a fiber-reinforced resin molded body for a heating element or a fiber-reinforced resin molded article for a heating element formed by laminating a fiber-reinforced resin prepreg sheet on the upper and / or lower part of the heating part. It can be used for a heating element to which a soaking material is fixed.

As the non-conductive fiber used in the present invention, any fiber can be used as long as it has a conductivity of 10 ^-5 S / m or less, preferably 10 ^-9 S / m or less. , Glass fiber, aramid fiber, ceramic fiber, alumina fiber, nylon fiber and the like are preferably used as the non-conductive fiber.

The non-conductive fiber usually has a heat resistant temperature of 80.
° C or higher, preferably 100 ° C or higher, more preferably 15 ° C or higher.
Fibers at 0 ° C. or higher are used. The non-conductive fibers are preferably continuous fibers and consist of 10 to 100,000 filaments, preferably 500 to 12,000 filaments.

The conductive fiber used in the present invention may be any fiber as long as it is a conductive fiber that can be used as a heating element, and usually has a conductivity of 10 to 10 ⁷ S / m, preferably 10 ³ to 10 ^7. S / m, more preferably 10 ⁴ to 10
⁶ S / m fibers are used.

As the conductive fiber, a conductive fiber made of a resin or the like in which metal particles such as carbon black and copper powder are dispersed, polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polypyridine itself or a conductive polymer fiber doped with a metal,
Metals such as iron, copper, nickel and chromium, stainless steel, N
Examples thereof include metal fibers and carbon fibers made from alloys such as i-Cr, Ni-Cu-Fe, and Ni-Cu. Particularly, they are excellent in availability, light weight, flexibility, corrosion resistance, and tensile strength. From the viewpoint, carbon fiber is preferably used.

As the carbon fibers, all kinds of carbon fibers such as pitch-based, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) -based, and cellulosic-based carbon fibers are used as the conductive fibers. The carbon fibers are oriented and have higher conductivity as the fibers are fired at a higher temperature. The firing temperature is 800 to 3300 ° C, preferably 1100 ° C to 2800 ° C. Carbon fibers fired with a tension of 10 g / filament, preferably 1 to 5 g / filament, can be preferably used. The conductive fiber is preferably a continuous fiber, and can be constituted by a conductive fiber bundle composed of 10 to 100,000 filaments, preferably 500 to 12,000 filaments.

The conductive fiber and the non-conductive fiber may be made of a thermoplastic resin or a thermoplastic resin fiber at an arbitrary ratio, preferably 5 to 7 fibers.
It can be mixed at a ratio of 0 mass%, more preferably 10 to 60 mass%. Here, the hybrid means 100 to 100,000 of the conductive fiber or the non-conductive fiber.
One fiber bundle consisting of filaments is coated with a thermoplastic resin, and conductive fibers or non-conductive fibers and thermoplastic fibers are mixed as one fiber bundle of 100 to 100,000 filaments. This means that the thermoplastic resin fibers are regularly or randomly attached to the surface of the conductive fiber or the non-conductive fiber to form one fiber bundle.

The coating method may be any method that covers the inside and outside of the fiber bundle, particularly the outside of the fiber bundle, with a resin, such as an extrusion method, hot melting or emulsification of a thermoplastic resin, and dipping, spraying, and electrostatic coating. Method, melting point,
2 with different physical and chemical structures such as molecular weight and chemical composition
Two or more layers may be coated using different kinds of resins. In this case, if the outer thermoplastic resin has a lower melting point than that of the inner thermoplastic resin, the fiber can be sufficiently covered and the fiber can be easily joined at the intersection of the fibers.

In addition, the fiber mixing method is such that each fiber 100 to 10
A method of uniformly mixing the 0000 filaments with an air stream (air jet) or the like is preferably used. The conductive fiber and the non-conductive fiber may or may not be twisted. Twisting may be performed after blending if it is a mixed fiber, and in other cases, twisting may be performed in any process. When twisting is performed, generation of fluff of conductive fibers, particularly carbon fibers, can be reduced. The degree of twisting may be any degree, but is preferably such that it is crushed and flattened at the intersection of the network structure and has good bonding.

As the thermoplastic resin and the thermoplastic resin fiber, any resin can be used as long as it is a resin generally known as a thermoplastic resin.
Liquid crystalline aromatic polyamide resin, polyester resin, liquid crystalline aromatic polyester resin, polypropylene resin, polyether sulfone resin, polyphenylene sulfide resin, polyether ether ketone resin, polysulfone resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, vinylon resin, aramid resin, fluorine Resin such as resin is used.

The melting point of the thermoplastic resin is preferably higher than the thermosetting or melting temperature of the matrix resin impregnated in the conductive fibers and the non-conductive fibers.
Even if it is not high, it is possible to maintain the shape of the network structure, and there is no problem.

The heat-resistant temperature is 80 ° C. or higher, preferably 100
A thermoplastic resin and a thermoplastic resin fiber having a temperature of 150 ° C. or higher, more preferably 150 ° C. or higher, are used. In the case of a thermoplastic resin mixed with a conductive fiber and a thermoplastic resin fiber, a conductive resin or a conductive resin made of a thermoplastic resin and a thermoplastic resin fiber in which metal particles such as carbon black, silver, and copper are dispersed. Fibers may be used.

The conductivity of the conductive resin or the conductive resin fiber is preferably 10 ^-2 to 10 ⁵ S / m.

The conductive fiber and the non-conductive fiber are formed into a mesh with arbitrary openings, and then subjected to a heat treatment to form a thermoplastic resin or a thermoplastic resin fiber at each intersection of the conductive fiber and the non-conductive fiber. Joined by fusing.

The heating temperature may be at least a temperature at which the conductive fibers and the non-conductive fibers can be fused, and is preferably at least the melting temperature of the thermoplastic resin or the thermoplastic resin fibers, usually in the range of 100 to 400 ° C.

As the heat fusion method, any method such as pressure bonding with a heated press or a hot roll, hot melting under tension or no tension, or hot melting by blowing hot air may be used.

In the fusing step, it is necessary that the thermoplastic resin and the thermoplastic resin fiber are heat-melted and fused at least at the intersections. If the fusion at the intersections is complete, the thermoplasticity of the intersections is sufficient. There is no problem even if the inside or a part of the resin and the thermoplastic resin fiber is not melted. In addition, there is no problem even if the entire thermoplastic resin or thermoplastic resin fiber is thermally melted or a part of the thermoplastic resin is not melted except for the intersection in the fusion step.

The net-like structure is a plain weave, a twill weave, a satin weave, an entangled weave, a weave, or the like, a girder-like braid,
Any structure such as a mesh-like nonwoven fabric called a braid made without using a loom such as a framed fabric or a multi-axis braided fabric can be used, but a braided fabric is preferably used because of a simple manufacturing process. .

The arrangement direction of each fiber at this time may be any arrangement as long as a network structure is formed. For example, [a] conductive fibers are arranged in one direction such as the warp direction, and non-conductive fibers are arranged in one direction. A method in which the conductive fibers are arranged in a direction substantially perpendicular to the conductive fibers to form a woven or braided shape, [b] the conductive fibers are arranged in one direction such as a warp direction, and the non-conductive fibers are in the same direction as the conductive fibers. In addition, a method of arranging in a plurality of directions, one or more different directions, and forming a woven or braided shape can be used.

When forming into a braided form, any of the method of arranging non-conductive fibers above and below the conductive fibers and the method of arranging non-conductive fibers only at the upper part or only at the lower part of the conductive fibers are used. Although it can be used, in order to protect the conductive fibers, a method in which non-conductive fibers in the form of a woven fabric or a fabric having large openings are sandwiched and fused from above and below the conductive fibers is preferably employed.

The conductive fibers arranged as described above have a flat cross-sectional shape when the intersections of the fibers are melted by heat melting, but the flat fibers have a larger surface area and the heat generation efficiency is improved.

The conductive fibers need not necessarily be evenly arranged in the network structure. In the case of the arrangements [a] and [b], two or more conductive fiber bundles, preferably five to five, are used. It is also possible to divide the 15 blocks into two or more blocks as one set, and arrange them with a space between each block.

The conductive fibers in each block are at a distance at which the conductive fibers do not contact each other, preferably 1 to 100 mm,
More preferably, they are arranged in parallel at intervals of 3 to 50 mm,
Further, the distance between each block is 10 to 300 mm, preferably 3 mm.
They can be arranged in parallel at an interval of 0 to 150 mm.

The openings between the conductive fibers and the non-conductive fibers can be made in an arbitrary range depending on the purpose. Preferably, when the above intersections are fused, the fiber bundles are joined at other than the intersections. Any range may be used as long as it does not fuse, and the lower limit of the aperture is 1 mm or more, preferably 2 mm or more, more preferably 5 mm or more, and most preferably 10 mm or more.
The upper limit of the above range is 500 mm or less, preferably 100 m
m or less, most preferably 50 mm or less is applied.

Here, the aperture means a distance between fibers including adjacent conductive fibers and non-conductive fibers which are arranged substantially in parallel.

If the lower limit is not exceeded, the fibers are fused together at points other than the intersections, and the flexibility of the network structure is lost. The conductive fiber and the electrode are difficult to connect to each other because the area is small or the layer of air bubbles is formed due to insufficient degassing. It is not preferable because the efficiency and the reinforcing effect are reduced.

After the fusion, it is also preferable to cool to an ambient temperature, trim the end to a designed size, and wind it with a winder.

Further, the network structure may be cut and formed into an appropriate width and length. At this time, since the intersections of the network structure are fused, it is easy to work into an arbitrary shape. The network structure can be arranged at an arbitrary position and molded into a fiber-reinforced resin molded product. The fiber-reinforced resin molded body has an electrode such as a copper wire connected to the network structure, and can be impregnated with a matrix resin or laminated with a fiber-reinforced prepreg (FIG. 4).

The reinforcing fibers of the fiber-reinforced prepreg are preferably composed of non-conductive fibers such as glass fibers, so that not only the reinforcing effect but also the insulating effect can be increased. As the reinforcing fiber, any non-conductive fiber can be used, but glass fiber, aramid fiber, ceramic fiber,
Alumina fiber, nylon fiber and the like are preferably used. The reinforcing fiber may be in any fiber form such as a unidirectional material, a woven fabric, and a nonwoven fabric.

The thickness of the fiber reinforced prepreg layer is 0.05
It is preferably 0.5 mm to 0.5 mm because heat can be easily transmitted to the soaking material. As the resin of the fiber reinforced prepreg, any resin can be used depending on the application, but a thermoplastic resin and a thermosetting resin are preferably used, and a polyether ether ketone resin, a polyphenylene sulfide resin, and a polyamide imide are more preferable. Resin, polyester resin, polyimide resin, phenol resin, epoxy resin,
An unsaturated polyester resin or the like can be used.

The resin preferably has heat resistance.
0 ° C. or higher, preferably 100 ° C., more preferably 150 ° C.
A resin having heat resistance of not less than ° C. can be used.

Further, in the fiber-reinforced resin molded product, a heat equalizer can be fixed to the upper surface and / or lower surface, and a heat insulating material can be further fixed to the lower surface to form a heating element (FIG. 6).

In order to fix the heating element on the floor, a mark for driving a needle, a nail, a bolt, a screw, or the like is made from the opposite side where the mesh-like structure is attached.
Since the dimensional stability is excellent, the range of the mark can be accurately attached and the conductive fiber can be visually confirmed, so that the conductive fiber is not cut by a nail or the like and the heating element is excellent in the electric leakage prevention property. Can be manufactured.

The heating element is specifically manufactured as follows. When one or a plurality of network structures having an appropriate length are used, they can be arranged in parallel at arbitrary intervals or at equal intervals.

The both ends of the conductive fibers of the mesh structure for the heating element arranged as described above are fixed to be connected to the conductive fibers by using metal foil pieces such as copper or aluminum, or carbon fibers are used. Conductive resin such as paste and silver paste,
The electrode can be fixed by using a solder, metal holder, graphite holder, or the like.

Electrodes having a width of 5 to 100 mm, preferably 10 to 50 mm, are employed. At this time, it is desirable that the melting points of the metal foil pieces, the conductive resin and the solder are higher than the resin curing temperature or the heat melting temperature of the matrix resin and have heat resistance.

One or more auxiliary electrodes may be formed not only at both ends but also between conductive fibers so that the temperature distribution becomes uniform. Also, each conductive fiber can be arranged in parallel and / or in series as an electric circuit,
For example, if two or more conductive fibers are used as one block and electrodes are arranged so that the blocks are arranged in series, the voltage applied to each conductive fiber can be reduced, and the conductive fibers can be prevented from overheating. (FIG. 4).

A fiber reinforced prepreg having the lead wire through hole is laminated on the electrode side of the mesh-like structure provided with the electrodes, and a fiber reinforced prepreg having no through hole is laminated on the side opposite to the electrode side. Is wrapped in a polyester film and pressurized and heated to produce a fiber-reinforced resin molded article.

The fiber reinforced prepreg has a through hole having a diameter of 5 to 5.
After the hole is formed, the lid can be easily removed after molding by embedding a silicon lid.

The above-mentioned molding method is not a method using a fiber-reinforced prepreg, but a method in which a network structure is put into a mold, reinforcing fibers are laminated, and then a resin is impregnated can be used as another molding method.

After the molding, the silicon cover of the lead wire through hole is removed, and one of the heat-resistant lead wires can be connected to the above-mentioned electrode. The other end of the lead wire can be connected to a plurality of overheat prevention devices (thermostat, temperature fuse, thermocouple, etc.) and arranged and fixed at a predetermined position below the molded body. The surface of the fiber-reinforced resin molded body on which the lead wires and the overheating prevention / heating control device are arranged can be covered with a heat insulating material, and the heat insulating material can be fixed with a thermosetting resin or the like.

As the heat insulating material, any material can be used, but usually polyester felt or the like is preferably used. Further, the heat insulating material can be fixed after punching the lead wire and the overheat prevention device.

In the present invention, in the above-mentioned molded body, the upper surface of the fiber-reinforced prepreg on the side opposite to the surface on which the heat insulating material and the lead wires are arranged as shown in FIG. A metal plate or a metal foil with a number of holes is placed as a soaking material under the fiber reinforced prepreg on the surface, that is, on the back surface, so that the conductive fibers, which are the heating portion, can be seen from above when nailing. be able to. In this way, it is possible to manufacture a heating element in which a heat insulating material and a soaking material with perforated holes are arranged in a network structure.

As the metal plate or metal foil, any metal can be used, but those made of copper or aluminum having excellent heat conductivity can be preferably used. Attach crimp terminals to the ends of the lead wires. In this way, it is possible to manufacture a heating element in which a heat insulating material and a soaking material are arranged in a network structure.

The method of manufacturing the above-mentioned fiber-reinforced resin molded article and the heating element after cutting the network structure has been disclosed. However, after manufacturing the fiber-reinforced resin molded article or the heating element using the continuous network structure, It may be cut to any length and width.

Except for the conductive fiber portion and the electrode portion, the heating element can be nailed and fixed together with the floor surface material without cutting the conductive fiber, and can be stably set at the set temperature regardless of the environmental temperature. Can be controlled.

The body load at the time of concentrated stress of the heating element is 20.
It has 0 MPa or more, preferably 300 MPa or more, more preferably 400 MPa or more. Regarding the leakage resistance, even if the heating element is immersed in water at 25 ° C. for 24 hours, the insulation resistance between the soaking material and the electrode is 1 MΩ or more, more preferably 1 MΩ.
Since it has 0 MΩ or more, there is no practical problem at all.

[0056]

EXAMPLES Specific examples will be given below, but it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to these examples. [Example 1] Twisted carbon fiber (T300 manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.)
3000 filaments having a conductivity of 5 × 10 ⁴ S / m)
Nine of the warp yarns were used as one block as warp yarns of the conductive fibers. The block is made up of 6 blocks, 1.5 cm is opened between carbon fiber bundles in each block, and 1
Arrange in parallel with an arrangement of 2 cm open, and lay the carbon fiber bundle 3 m in width.
m, and a glass fiber braid made of glass fiber and a thermoplastic resin (lattice, mesh size: 1 cm, Nitto Boseki Co., Ltd. KC0505B, 40 g / m ² ) is laminated and heated from above and below. The intersections of the conductive fibers were fused to produce a network structure for the heating element. The reticulated structure is 1 m long and 1 width wide.
m, and the cut-out network structure had carbon fibers divided into four blocks. At both ends of the carbon fibers of the network structure, a copper foil piece with a conductive adhesive having a width of 15 mm (MFT-No. 8321 manufactured by Teraoka Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) is used to join the conductive fiber and the copper foil piece. The electrodes were fixed and connected such that the carbon fibers in the network structure were connected in series in an electric circuit for each block (FIG. 4).

A glass fiber cloth prepreg impregnated with epoxy resin is laminated from above and below the network structure having four blocks of carbon fibers, and a polyester film is sandwiched from above and below the laminated product in an autoclave.
The fiber was reinforced at a pressure of 10 kgf / cm ² for 1 hour to produce a fiber-reinforced resin molded article. However, through-holes were previously formed in the electrode portions at both ends of the molded body arranged in series so that lead wires could be fixed.

One end of a lead wire is connected and fixed to the electrode, and the other end is an overheat prevention device (UPIYA Thermostat Co., Ltd., UP)
72) and fixed to the lower part of the molded body, and from above the polyester felt (Exsilane HP-2 manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.)
1) was bonded as a heat insulating material. However, the lead wire and the overheat prevention device were not covered with the heat insulating material.

On the surface of the fiber-reinforced resin molded body opposite to the surface on which the heat insulating material was bonded, the hole-formed aluminum foil (No. 6 in FIG. 1; manufactured by Tsurumi Wire Mesh Co., Ltd., hole diameter 3 mm, pitch 5 mm,
125W with a thickness of 0.2mm)
Was produced.

The heating element was covered with a floor surface material, fixed by nailing, connected to a temperature control system using a thermistor as a sensor, and a floor material system (using a hot base FGB-008 manufactured by Danya Sangyo Co., Ltd.) ).

An exothermic test was performed on the above floor material. As a result, the surface temperature of the floor material could be controlled to 30 ° C. at any of the environmental temperatures of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 ° C.

The temperature distribution at a bed temperature of 30 ° C. was measured using an infrared image temperature analyzer (a thermotracer TH3100MR manufactured by NEC Sanei Co., Ltd.).
The temperature distribution shown in (a) was obtained. In the figure, an infrared image showing the surface temperature distribution of the flooring material is shown on the left side, and a histogram showing the temperature distribution of the flooring material is shown on the right side. As is evident from the results of the histogram, the heating element of the present example shows a suitable thermal uniformity close to a normal distribution, which is the same as or similar to the case of using a uniform aluminum foil without processing on the upper part of the heating element. It turned out that it is the above-mentioned soaking property.

When the withstand load of the heating element at the time of concentrated stress was measured, it was 400 MPa. When the heating element was immersed in water at 25 ° C. for 24 hours, the insulation resistance between the electrode and the aluminum soaking material was 10 MΩ or more.

[Comparative Example 1] A fiber-reinforced resin molded article was manufactured in the same process as in Example 1. One end of the lead wire is connected and fixed to the electrode of the molded body, and the other end is connected to an overheat prevention device (UP72 manufactured by Uchiya Thermostat Co., Ltd.) and fixed to the lower part of the molded body, and a polyester felt (Toyobo Co., Ltd.) ) Manufactured by Eksilane HP-21) was bonded as a heat insulating material. However, the lead wire and the overheat prevention device were not covered with the heat insulating material.

An aluminum foil (Tokai Aluminum Foil Co., Ltd.) is provided on the surface of the fiber-reinforced resin molded body opposite to the surface on which the heat insulating material is bonded.
And thickness of 0.1 mm) as a soaking material
A 5 W sheet heating element was produced.

The heating element was covered with a floor surface material and nailed to fix it, but it was difficult to nail because no carbon fiber was visible. Furthermore, a temperature control system using a thermistor as a sensor was connected, and incorporated into a floor material system (using Hot Base FGB-008 manufactured by Danya Sangyo Co., Ltd.).

Temperature distribution at a bed temperature of 30 ° C. Infrared image temperature analyzer (Thermosa T, manufactured by NEC Sanei Co., Ltd.)
FIG. 5 (b) when measured using H3100MR).
Was obtained, but the heat uniformity was slightly inferior to that of Example 1.

[0068]

According to the present invention, by using a heat equalizing plate having a hole formed therein, the original function of uniformly dispersing the heat of the heat equalizing plate is maintained, and the heat equalizing plate is positioned below the heat equalizing plate. A heating element in which a heating wire, an electrode, and the like can be seen from the surface can be provided.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a view showing an example of an opening pattern of a heat equalizing material according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a view showing an example of an opening pattern of a heat equalizing material according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a view showing an example of an opening pattern of the heat equalizing material according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a heating element according to the present invention.

5A is an infrared image showing the temperature distribution of the floor material of Example 1, and FIG. 5B is an infrared image showing the temperature distribution of the floor material of Comparative Example 1. FIG.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view (partially) showing an example of the heating element of the present invention.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A heating element characterized by using a heat equalizing material that has been perforated.