JPH11230885A - Specific gravimeter - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a specific gravimeter which enables measurements by a simple operation even at places not horizontal, is resistant to vibrations and wind, widely applicable and suitable to carry with. SOLUTION: This specific gravimeter 1 includes a platform scale 17 with a sample stage 17a and a strut 13 standing on the sample stage 17a and having an overhang part 13a. The specific gravimeter is also equipped with a sample suspension means (a thread 5, a clip 3) attached to the overhang part 13a and a liquid bath 9 arranged below the overhang part 13a.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a hydrometer for measuring the specific gravity of an object. In particular, it relates to a hydrometer which can be measured by a simple operation, does not need to be in a horizontal place, is resistant to vibration and wind, has a wide range of use, and is suitable for carrying.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally known methods for measuring specific gravity include a method using a hydrostatic balance and a heavy liquid method. FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining a specific gravity measurement method using a conventional hydrostatic balance. Below one of the balances 101, a tank 103 containing a measurement liquid (usually water) 105 is placed on a table 1.
09. In this water 105, a net 107
Is placed on the other weight table 111 of the balance, and a weight 113 is placed on the weight 108 of the sample 108 in water.
Measure _SL . Separately, the water tank 103 is removed, the aerial weight W _SA of the sample 108 is measured, and the specific gravity SG _S of the sample is obtained by the following equation. SG _S = W _SA / (W _SA −W _SL )... (1)

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a specific gravity measurement by the heavy liquid method. A heavy liquid 123 having a specific gravity is placed in the liquid tank 121.
Put in. The sample 125 is put in the heavy liquid 123. When the specific gravity of the sample 125 is lighter than that of the heavy liquid 123, the sample floats (125a), and the specific gravity of the sample 125 becomes heavy liquid 123.
When the specific gravity of the sample 125 is the same as that of the heavy liquid 123, the sample does not float or sink (125b). By using various heavy liquids, it is possible to find a heavy liquid that does not float or sink, and to know the specific gravity of the sample.

The main methods for preparing heavy liquids and the range of specific gravity are as follows. (1) Dilute and adjust bromoform with acetone. Specific gravity range 0.80 to 2.90 (2) Dilute bromoform with toluene. Specific gravity range: 0.90 to 2.90 (3) Dilute and adjust methylene iodide with toluene. Specific gravity of about 0.9 to 2.0 (4) Dilute potassium mercury iodide with water. Specific gravity range 1.00 to 4.25 (5) Barium mercury iodide solution Specific gravity range about 3.0 (6) Dilute thallium formate with water. Specific gravity range: 1.00 to 3.00 (7) A mixed solution of thallium formate and thallium malonate. Specific gravity about 3.2

[0005]

The method using the hydrostatic balance has the following disadvantages. (1) It is difficult to prepare for measurement, such as assembling the balance, searching for a flat place for placing the balance, and preparing various weights. (2) A weight is required for measurement. In particular, when the weight exceeds 500 g, a large weight and a balance capable of withstanding the weight are required. (3) The weight reading is troublesome. (4) Very susceptible to vibration and inconvenient to carry. (5) There is a balance bar, a suspension bar for the sample stage, etc. at the top, so that the working place is small. In addition, it is not preferable to shake the balance greatly during the operation, and it is difficult to take in and out the measurement object. (6) The weight of the measured object must be measured in advance by removing the water tank, the water tank stand, and the like. (7) The hydrostatic balance does not have a concept of a reference sphere or a concept of stirring the liquid, and is not designed for that, and therefore is not suitable for measuring the specific gravity of a liquid. Similarly, it is not suitable for use in making heavy liquids.

On the other hand, the heavy liquid method has the following disadvantages. (1) It is necessary to make a number of heavy liquids of different types depending on the specific gravity. (2) A reference material (specific gravity standard stone, etc.) for making heavy liquid is required. (3) A heavy liquid can be prepared with a Baume specific gravity meter, but the accuracy is not good. (4) The measurement result is analog-like and becomes a relative comparison. Although satisfactory as long as the relative comparison is satisfactory, it is not useful for estimating the molecular structure or examining the properties of the substance. (5) Since there is no heavy liquid, the measurement has a specific gravity of 4.3 or less. (6) Poisonous substances are present in heavy liquids and are not suitable for transportation.

The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and can be measured by a simple operation, does not need to be horizontal, is resistant to vibration and wind, has a wide range of use, and is suitable for carrying. It is intended to provide a hydrometer.

[0008]

In order to solve the above problems, a hydrometer according to a first aspect of the present invention comprises: a platform weigher having a sample stage; and a standing weigher mounted on the sample stage or at one end of a pressure receiving member. A column having an overhang portion, a sample suspending means attached to the overhang portion, and a liquid tank disposed below the overhang portion; and It can be measured on the same scale without removing the liquid tank.

A hydrometer according to a second aspect of the present invention comprises: a first balance for measuring the weight of a sample in a liquid; a second balance for measuring the weight of a sample in the air; means for displaying, aerial weight W _SA of the sample in a liquid weight W _SL of the sample, the specific gravity SG _L of the test solution, a sample of a specific gravity _{SG S SG S = W SA ·} SG L / (W SA -W SL), a It is characterized by having.

[0010]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a hydrometer according to one embodiment of the present invention. (A) is a plan view, (B) is a front view, (C)
Is a side view. The hydrometer 1 is composed of a water tank 9 and a water tank stand 1
5, a platform scale 17, a support 13 and the like. Aquarium 9
Is a bottomed cylindrical container made of plastic, metal or the like. The water tank 9 contains water 11 as a measurement liquid. Aquarium 9
Is placed on the aquarium stand 15.

The water tank base 15 has a rectangular frame shape as shown in FIG. 1C, and includes a top plate 15a, a side plate 15b, and a bottom plate 1.
5c. The top plate 15a includes left and right side plates 15b, 15
b '. The bottom plate 15c connects the lower ends of the left and right side plates 15b, 15b '. Bottom plate 15c
1 extends in the longitudinal direction of the platform scale 17 as shown in FIG. Side plates 15b, 1 on the bottom plate 15c of the tank stand 15.
The platform scale 17 is placed between 5b '. Aquarium stand 15
There is a gap between the top plate 15a and the sample stage 17a of the stage balance 17. The platform scale 17 may be fixed to the aquarium platform bottom plate 15c with screws or the like, or may simply be placed on top.

The platform scale 17 has a sample platform 17a which is a pressure receiving portion for measuring the weight. Aside from the sample table 17a, FIG.
As shown in (A), the liquid crystal display 17c and the switch 17
d is arranged. The platform weigher 17 may be a commercially available one, but it is preferable that the weight and specific gravity can be digitally displayed. Further, it is preferable to incorporate a specific gravity calculation program. The measurement principle may be of any type, and a spring type, a strain gauge type, an eddy current type, a piezoelectric element type, or the like can be used. Characteristically, those having linearity and having as little hysteresis as possible are preferable. The measurement error due to the eccentric load and moment acting on the sample stage is calculated by the ratio of the weight in air and the weight in liquid as a characteristic of specific gravity calculation.
As a result, it can be canceled.

The support 13 includes a base frame 13c mounted on the sample table 17a and a rising rod 1 erected from the base frame.
3b, and an overhang portion 13a projecting from the tip of the rising rod to the center of the sample stage. The base frame 13c is
As shown in FIG. 1A, it is like a frame obtained by bending a wire into a rectangle. The base frame 13c has a size slightly smaller than the sample stage 17a of the stage scale, and is mounted on the sample stage 17a. The space between them may be fixed or simply placed. The base frame 13c serves to apply the weight of the sample 7 on the column 13 to the sample table 17a as uniformly as possible, and prevents rollover. A rising bar 13b rises vertically at the center of the short side of the base frame 13c.
The rising rod 13b is about twice as high as the water tank 9. An overhang portion 13a extends horizontally from the tip of the rising bar 13b toward the center of the sample stage 17a.

The clip 3 is attached to the tip of the overhang portion 13a. The clip 3 holds a thread 5 for hanging the sample 7. The clip 3 and the thread 5 constitute a sample suspending means. The connection between the yarn 5 and the sample 7 is made by bundling or bonding using an instant adhesive. The position of the clip 3 is located just near the center of the sample stage 17a to avoid an eccentric load on the sample stage 17a. It should be noted that there is a case where the eccentric load does not matter depending on the measurement purpose or the platform scale.

FIG. 2 is a partially sectional front view showing the structure of a hydrometer according to another embodiment of the present invention. In this example, the water tank base 35 and the base scale 37 are integrated. The form of the tank stand is not limited as long as it does not contact the sample stand or the measurement sensor section. The strut 33 passes through the through hole 35c formed in the top plate 35a of the water tank base 35 and enters the water tank base 35. And the base 33d of the support 33 is
7, the column holding portion 3 erected at one end of the pressure receiving member 37 e
It is screwed or inserted into 7d.
The pressure receiving member 37e is mounted on the sensor unit 37f,
The force applied to the member 37e is detected. Bottom plate 37
To g, a water tank base side plate (casing) 35b and the sensor portion 37f are fixed.

The water tank 9 can be made of any type with emphasis on versatility. For example, an object obtained by appropriately cutting a plastic bottle may be used. When carrying the hydrometer of this embodiment, it is not necessary to turn the support column 33 and remove the screw fixing, so that it is not bulky.

Next, how to use the hydrometer of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 will be described. FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional front view for explaining how to use the hydrometer of FIG. The method of using the hydrometer in FIG. 1 is the same. (1) The yarn 5 is bonded to the sample 7. (2) Without applying the weight of the sample 7, the scale is reset and a zero point is taken. (3) As shown in FIG. 3 (A), the sample 7 is suspended in the air with the thread 5 and the clip 3, the weight of the sample 7 in the air is measured, and recorded on a memo or a calculator. (4) With the sample suspended, reset and score 0 points. (5) As shown in FIG. 3B, the thread 5 below the clip 3 is extended, the sample is suspended in water, and the weight of the sample in water minus the weight is measured and recorded. Alternatively, if the above-mentioned aerial weight is divided by the minus amount with a calculator, the obtained numerical value is the specific gravity. The minus weight in water of the sample is obtained as a negative value, and the absolute value indicates the volume of the sample. As described above, the specific gravity meter can measure the air weight and the liquid weight of the sample on the same scale without removing the liquid tank, so that the specific gravity of various samples can be measured by a simple operation.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a measuring method of another embodiment using a hydrometer according to one embodiment of the present invention. (A) is an overall perspective view, (B) is a side view showing details of the sample suspension means. When the specific gravity is measured by the specific gravity meter 21, if the specific gravity meter is fixed as shown in FIG.
Can also be measured when placed. In addition, by applying this method, when a reference sphere described later is used, the specific gravity in a tank in a production process, for example, a chemical reaction tank or a fermentation tank can be directly and constantly monitored without sampling.

In the hydrometer shown in FIG.
The long support 41 of 1a is used. A thin wire 41e is spirally wound around the tip of the overhang portion 41a so that a hook 43 described later does not slip. The sample 7 is supported by the support 41 via the thread 5 and the suspension rod 43.
Suspended from. At a plurality of locations in the longitudinal direction of the suspension bar 43, hooks 43c that engage with the overhang portions 41a of the columns are provided. At the lower end of the hanging bar 43,
A hook 43e for hanging a sample net or the like is formed. On the other hand, a ring-shaped knob 43 is provided at the upper end of the hanging bar 43 to make it easy to pick it up by hand. In this way, when the height of the sample 7 is changed by the air weight measurement and the underwater weight measurement, the height can be changed with one hand with one touch, which is convenient. And even if the sample is too heavy to hold with a clip,
This hook makes it possible.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a sample network.
(A) is a plan view and (B) is a front view. This sample net 4
5 turns the wire 45b around the circular wire netting 45a,
Hang it with three wires 45c and hook 45d on top
Is provided.

FIG. 6 shows a reference sphere for measuring the specific gravity of a liquid. The reference sphere 47 includes a sphere (arbitrary shape) 47b made of stainless steel, copper, lead, silver, gold, or the like, and a hook 47a.
FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional front view showing how the specific gravity of the liquid is measured by the hydrometer of the embodiment of FIG. 2 using a reference sphere.

The procedure for measuring the specific gravity is as follows. (1) Prepare a reference sphere for liquid (or one whose volume is known, called a reference object). In addition, the volume of the reference material can also be determined by a specific gravity measurement method of an individual. (2) The test target liquid 48 is put into the liquid tank 9. (3) As shown in FIG. 7A, the reference sphere 47 is suspended in the air,
Reset the scale and score 0. (4) As shown in FIG. 7 (B), the reference sphere 47 is lowered, and the reference sphere is put into the test target liquid 48, and the measurement is performed. When the absolute value of the obtained numerical value is divided by the volume of the reference sphere, the specific gravity of the test liquid is obtained.

In this way, the specific gravity of petroleum, alcohol, organic solvent, sulfuric acid solution of lead battery and the like can be measured, and the inspection and verification of the liquid can be performed. Select a reference material that does not dissolve or corrode.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a state in which a heavy liquid is produced using the hydrometer of the embodiment of FIG. The procedure for preparing the heavy liquid is as follows. (1) First, the specific gravity of the heavy liquid to be made x the volume of the reference sphere (C
C) is calculated. (2) Next, as in the case of measuring the specific gravity of the liquid, the reference sphere 4
Hang 7 in the air, reset the scale and score 0. (3) In the water tank, put the heavier liquid to be mixed to prepare the heavy liquid to be prepared, and set as shown in FIG. Here, reference numeral 44 denotes a beaker containing the diluent 42, and reference numeral 50 denotes a glass rod. At this time, the display of the scale is a numerical value which is larger in absolute value than the numerical value calculated in the above (1). (4) While watching the display on the balance, add the diluent little by little and gently stir. (5) When the value (displayed) calculated in the above (1) is reached, the process is completed.

The accuracy of specific gravity measurement using the specific gravity meter of the present embodiment will be described. (1) In the specific gravity meter of the embodiment of FIG. 2, the load on the pressure receiving member 37e is a single-point load by the column 33, and there is no influence of the eccentric load due to the change in the sample position. (2) Since the weight in the air and the weight in the water are measured on the same vertical line, the direction of the load and the position of the load center on the horizontal plane do not move. (3) Even if the scale is tilted, there is no problem in accuracy as long as measurement is performed at the same position. Originally, measuring weight on a slope inclined by θ has the effect of decreasing the measured value at the rate of cos θ, but if the weight in the air and underwater is measured while maintaining the tilted state, the same rate Since this is a division of a numerical value including an error, the error is canceled in the calculation result, and there is no problem. That is, the specific gravity is weight / volume, and represents the same ratio as the percentage. The numerical value of the balance is not treated as an absolute weight, but as a numerical value indicating a certain size proportional to the true weight.

In the measurement of the specific gravity of a solid, etc., the true weight is not required since it is a "proportion", but in the next measurement, the correct weight is required as much as possible. (1) Calculation of Specific Gravity of Liquid The weight of the lightened reference sphere or the like in the liquid is divided by the volume of the reference sphere or the like, so that the accuracy is determined by the accuracy of the reduced weight. Therefore, precision of the scale is required. (2) Preparation of heavy liquid Since the weight is adjusted with the diluent while measuring the weight, an accurate weight is required. (3) Measurement of content Since the weight is determined, an accurate weighing scale is naturally required.

Next, a case having an arithmetic function will be described.
In this case, the measurement procedure example is as follows. (1) First, measure the air weight W _SA of the sample and press the switch. (2) then measures the submerged weight W _SL of the sample press the switch. (3) The calculating means calculates W _SA -W _SL as the specific gravity S G _{L of the} measurement liquid.
Divide by (usually 1) to calculate the volume V of the sample. Also W
To calculate the _SA / V to calculate the specific gravity SG _S. (4) The W _SA, W _SL, V, digital displays on the display unit SG _S or the like.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view showing the structure of a hydrometer according to another embodiment of the present invention. The hydrometer of this embodiment is:
Another weighing machine is attached below the hydrometer of the embodiment of FIG. That is, the portion from the first scale 67 to the top is the same as the hydrometer of the embodiment of FIG. Note that, in FIG. 9, a code obtained by adding 30 to the code in FIG. 2 indicates the same part as in FIG. Then, the first balance 67 is placed on the sample stage 77a (pressure receiving surface) of the second balance 77 which is a stage balance. The second scale 77 has a sensor unit 77f, like the first scale. Second scale 77
Detects the sum of the load on the first balance 67 and the load on the aquarium stand 65.

In this specific gravity meter, when the sample 57 does not exist, 0
When the point 57 is reset and the sample 57 is set in a state of being immersed in water as shown in the figure, the upper first balance 67 detects the weight of the sample 57 in water, and the lower second balance 77 Detects its own weight. Therefore, if the above calculation is performed and displayed, the specific gravity can be measured by one measurement.

The effects of the hydrometer of the above embodiment are summarized as follows. (1) The structure is simple. (2) It becomes very inexpensive to use a commercially available scale for mass production. (3) Easy measurement. Because it is easy to prepare and does not need standard weights such as weights. In addition, if a digital display platform is used, there is no need to read the weight. Further, the sample can be easily taken in and out. In addition, this specific gravity meter can measure both the weight of the sample and the weight in water without resetting, and it is not necessary to measure the weight of the sample in advance. (4) Strong against vibration and wind. Does not require precise leveling of the sample stage. In addition, it is small and convenient for carrying and field measurement.

(5) The range of use is wide. For example, it can be used not only for measuring the specific gravity of a solid or measuring the specific gravity of a liquid, but also for preparing a heavy liquid, calculating the content, calculating the ratio of the heavy liquid, and the like. Furthermore, it is also possible to measure the specific gravity of a sample dissolved in water, and to measure outside a scale (such as a factory tank).

[0032]

As is apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, measurement can be performed by a simple operation, it is resistant to vibration and wind, and it is not necessary to be in a horizontal place, and its use range is wide and suitable for carrying. Can be provided.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a hydrometer according to one embodiment of the present invention. (A) is a plan view, (B) is a front view, and (C) is a side view.

FIG. 2 is a partially sectional front view showing the configuration of a hydrometer according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a partial sectional front view for explaining how to use the hydrometer of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a measurement example of another embodiment using a hydrometer according to one embodiment of the present invention. (A) is an overall perspective view,
(B) is a side view showing the details of the sample suspending means.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a sample network. (A) is a plan view and (B) is a front view.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a reference sphere for measuring the specific gravity of a liquid.

FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional front view showing a state where a specific gravity of a liquid is measured using a reference sphere.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing how a heavy liquid is produced using the hydrometer of the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view showing the structure of a hydrometer according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a view for explaining a specific gravity measuring method using a conventional hydrostatic balance.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a state of specific gravity measurement by a heavy liquid method.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Specific gravity meter 3 clip 5 thread 7 sample 9 water tank 11 water 13 support 13a overhang part 13b riser rod 13c base frame 15 water tank stand 15a top plate 15b side plate 15c bottom plate 17 scale 17a sample stand 17c liquid crystal display part 17d switch 33 support 33 support Hanging part 33b Standing rod 33d Root part 35 Tank stand 35a Top plate 35b Side plate 35c Through hole 37 Bass scale 37d Column holding part 37e Pressure receiving member 37f Sensor part 37g Bottom plate 43 Hanging rod 43a Knob 43c Hook

Claims (11)

[Claims] 1. A platform scale having a sample stage, a column having an overhang portion erected on the sample stage, a sample suspending means attached to the overhang portion, and a lower portion of the overhang portion. And a liquid tank arranged in the sampler, wherein the aerial weight and the in-liquid weight of the sample can be measured on the same balance without removing the liquid tank. 2. The hydrometer according to claim 1, further comprising a liquid tank table for holding the liquid tank at a position above the sample table of the table scale. 3. The hydrometer according to claim 2, wherein the liquid tank table is located at a portion other than the sample table of the table scale. 4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the support comprises a base frame placed on the sample stage, a rising bar erected from the base frame, and an overhang portion projecting from the tip of the rising bar to the sample stage. The hydrometer according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: 5. The liquid tank is held above the platform scale.
A liquid tank base integrated with the casing of the base balance, wherein the support enters the liquid base through a through hole formed in the liquid base, and the base is weighed at a root portion of the support. The hydrometer according to claim 1, wherein the hydrometer is fixed to one end of the pressure receiving member. 6. The hydrometer according to claim 1, wherein the sample suspending means is a clip for holding a member for suspending the sample. 7. The sample suspending means includes a rod for suspending a sample, and hooks are provided at a plurality of positions in the longitudinal direction of the rod to engage with overhang portions of the support. The hydrometer according to claim 1. 8. The platform scale is provided with a zero-reset means for displaying a weight. The display is reset to zero after measuring the aerial weight of the sample, and then the sample is put into the liquid. The hydrometer according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the hydrometer has a function capable of obtaining the following. 9. A first balance for measuring the weight of a sample in a liquid, a second balance for measuring the weight of a sample in the air, means for performing the following operation and displaying the result, and an air weight of the sample: A specific gravity meter comprising: W _SA , sample weight in liquid W _SL , specific gravity of sample solution SG _L , sample specific gravity SG _S SG _S = W _SA · SG _L / (W _SA −W _SL ). . 10. The hydrometer according to claim 9, wherein the first scale and the second scale are bench scales, and wherein the first scale is mounted on the second scale. . 11. A structure in which a sample is suspended between the overhang portion and the liquid layer, has a space for measuring the weight in the air, and has a structure capable of measuring the weight in the air and the weight in the liquid on the same vertical line of the same hydrometer. The hydrometer according to any one of claims 1 to 10, having a structure in which the space also functions as a working space for producing heavy liquid or the like.